Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement des eaux usées textiles'
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Soma, Catherine. "Traitement des eaux résiduaires des industries d'ennoblissement textile par microfiltration tangentielle sur membranes minérales." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20015.
Melloul, Flavie. "Étude d'un support en fibres textiles appliqué au traitement biologique des eaux résiduaires : nitrification et élimination de la DCO en filtres immergés aérobies." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120016.
Saadaoui, Sirine. "Valorisation des extrêmophiles dans le traitement des effluents salins et la production d'énergie par des systèmes bioélectrochimiques microbiens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP008.
The textile industry generates large amounts of wastewater containing up to 80 g/L of NaCl and high concentrations of synthetic dyes. Azo dyes, which are toxic and persistent chemicals, are widely used in textile manufacturing. When discharged into water bodies, these dyes pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and can also have implications for human health. To address this issue, several conventional physico-chemical methods have been implemented. However, these methods are not widely adopted primarily due to their high cost, the secondary pollution they generate, and their high energy consumption. Other anaerobic biological treatments have also been explored, but they often involve long decomposition periods with incomplete degradation. Additionally, exposure of microorganism cells to highly concentrated salt solutions can lead to significant water loss through osmosis, resulting in dehydration and potential cell death.The main objective of this thesis is to combine two methods, biological and electrochemical, within a single unit called a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to treat saline textile wastewater loaded with refractory azo dyes while generating energy in the form of electricity. This BES is distinguished by the use of halothermophilic electroactive bacteria from extreme Tunisian environments, which form bioanodes capable of tolerating saline stress. Parameters affecting the performance of the BES have been optimized, including the inoculum source, the presence of a co-substrate and its concentration, the electrode material and surface, and the applied potential to the working electrode. These optimizations were initially carried out using synthetic wastewater before being validated with real industrial wastewater. The obtained bioanodes were subject to comparative analysis using electrochemical, microscopic, analytical, and molecular tools. Additionally, reaction media were also examined using analytical and molecular tools.With synthetic wastewater, a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m2, a decolorization rate of 100 %, and a COD removal rate of 96 % were achieved. Moreover, with real wastewater, a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m2 was observed simultaneously with a decolorization rate of 93 % and a COD removal rate of 70 %. Thus, for the first time, the bacterial species Orenia metallireducens was identified in different matrices of the BES fueled with synthetic wastewater. This discovery suggests promising prospects for the degradation of azo dyes
Zongo, Inoussa. "Étude expérimentale et théorique du procédé d'électrocoagulation : application au traitement de deux effluents textiles et d'un effluent simulé de tannerie." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL066N/document.
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a water treatment technology that relies on the electrochemical sacrificial anodes (in Fe or Al) dissolution. This metal dissolve themselves in Al3+ and Fe2+ cations that later oxidise to Fe3+ ions. These cations form metal hydroxides that adsorb the impurities of the effluent while decreasing the zeta potential. The electrochemical reactor used consists on two plane parallel metal electrodes with recirculation of the effluent to be treated between them. Current densities from 50 to 200 A/m2 were imposed to treat each effluent. Three effluents were used in this study. The first one is an effluent sampled at the outlet of a textile plant (« plant »). The second one is a mixture of several effluents coming from different plant and collected at the inlet of the wastewater treatment (« treatment plant »). The last one is a wastewater tannery plant simulated by addition of 200 ppm Chromium VI in the treatment plant effluent. For each experience the current density and the time of treatment rule the electrical charge and the concentration in dissolved metal reached. The influence of these four parameters on the elimination of COD, absorbance, turbidity, COT and hexavalent chromium content has been studied. Parameters e.g. potential, faradic yield, metal dissolution and pH have also been continuously monitored to better understand their role on EC process. The results show that DCO abatement reached 80 and 82% for treatment plant effluent, respectively with iron and aluminium electrodes; and 75 and 67% for plant effluent, respectively with iron and aluminium electrodes. The chromium treatment yields 100 % abatement with Fe electrodes whereas it is only 70% using Al electrodes. Models have been developed for COD and absorbance removal for the two electrode materials. Model for chromium (VI) treatment has been established considering all reactions occurring for iron EC. Metal speciation study allowed us to determine the optimal pH of coagulation –flocculation for each metal involved in the treatment (Al, Fe, Cr). Competition between organic pollution removal and chromium elimination has been also investigated for each electrode material
Zodi, Salim. "Étude de l'épuration d'effluents de composition complexe par électrocoagulation et des couplages intervenants entre le traitement électrochimique et l'étape de séparation : application à l'industrie textile et papetière." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0097/document.
Electrocoagulation eliminates simultaneously a large spectrum of organic pollutants, dyes and heavy metals; therefore, it has been studied extensively. However, little work has been undertaken to investigate more thoroughly its behaviors. The complexity of the effluent for which it is particularly interesting to use this method also makes it difficult to analyze the results. This thesis aims to contribute to understanding the coupling electrocoagulation - settling and interactions associated with complex effluent multi-pollutants. Also a continuous reactor has been addressed in the case of a simple synthetic sewage to better understand the differences from the batch operation. This study is based on a systematic approach based on the elementary processes of electrocoagulation: Electrochemistry, coagulation and physical separation. Each process provides a basis for studying the interactions that then the overall modeling process. To study the electro-decantation couplings, industrial textile effluents were treated by electrocoagulation followed by a settling step, without flocculent. The effect of parameters on electrocoagulation settleability of treated effluent and removal efficiency of pollution has been studied in particular by following the settling velocity in the test tube and calculating the SVI. The second objective of this our work was to study the coupling between the different types of pollution and to eliminate a particular paper mill effluent containing organic pollutants and arsenic. Finally, we conducted a study on the performance of EC-coupling settling for the treatment of a synthetic textile effluent flow reactor. The latter is composed of two elements, the electrochemical cell followed by a settling chamber
El, Haité Halima. "Traitement des eaux usees par les reservoirs operationnels et reutilisation pour l’irrigation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0569/document.
Benslimane STEP is an aerated lagoons system followed by four operational tanks. The evolution of pollution parameters between input and output of the reservoirs, shows a removal of 60% for BOD5, 40% for COD, 48% for TSS and 98% for coliforms. Changes in concentrations of various pollution parameters under the same operating system and the same weather conditions is synchronous in the four reservoirs showing the same performance. The results of water quality along the reservoir's water column between 40 cm and 350 cm show an homogeneous column where all the reactions take place under aerobic conditions. These tanks can store and almost achieve a total microbiological purification of effluents. They are a solution to the arid and semi-arid areas for finishing of waste water and irrigation development
Gagnon, Daniel. "Nouvelle approche de traitement des eaux usées papetières." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6664/1/000693441.pdf.
Laroye, Marc-Yvan. "Contribution de la mesure de turbidité au suivi en ligne du fonctionnement des stations d'épuration biologiques." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0042.
Li, Fang Han. "Nitrification et dénitrification endogène par lits bactériens et bassin d'anoxie." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0006.
Two pilot-scale studies were carried out to asses system performances for COD alimentation, nitrification and denitrification. The system consisted principally of two percolating filters with Cloisonyle plastic media, an intermediate setting tank, an anoxic tank and a final tank setting tank. In the first study, the anoxic tank was placed between the first filter and the intermediate setting tank. A total recycle rate was applied at this level. The system was operated for 11months at Pierre Bénite municipal sewage near Lyon, receiving a settle affluent from the primary sedimentation tank of this station. In the second study, the anoxic tank was placed after de second filter without total recycle. The system functioned for 14 month in laboratory, Fed with non-characteristic local sewage with the addition of abattoir plasma. .
Vernus, Emmanuel. "Etude d'un procédé électrochimique en vue du traitement d'effluents de petites collectivités." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0047.
Within the framework of small communities' waste-water treatment, the implementation of an electrochemical process for chlorine production has been investigated to determine its application potential. The electro-chlorination process has been compared to the chemical chlorination, first in the presence of ammonia and then in the presence of uracil specified as an organic standard. Reduction by iron of the electrolytic chlorine has been carried out with the purpose of simulation. The overall process has been proved to be effective as a seawater disinfecting treatment with only a slight impact on the composition of the seawater. Because of its operating advantages, and considering the composition of the water to be treated and the objectives of treatment, electro-chlorination is suitable for small communities' waste-water treatment. In conclusion and regarding the regulatory, economical and ecological situation, a number of modules can be recommended for the setting up of treatment plants
Andrianarison, Tahina Razanadraibe. "Traitement d'effluents urbains dans un système de 11 lagunes : décontamination microbienne et élimination de l'azote." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20104.
Sawadogo, Boukary. "Traitement des eaux usées industrielles par des procédés membranaires sous climat sahélien : cas des eaux usées de brasserie au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG085/document.
The beverage industries generate large volumes of wastewater daily. Due to production residues and washing and disinfecting products, these industrial discharges, in addition to being loaded with organic matter, contain mineral pollutants such as sodium. Reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED) and nanofiltration (NF) are efficient processes for the removal of dissolved inorganic pollutants and the membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the degradation of organic pollution. 4 MBR pilots, 2 from NF and 1 from ED were used to study the treatment of effluents from the beer and soft drinks industry using membrane technologies in the Sahelian climate context. The biomass evolution in the biological reactor and the treatment efficiency were followed. The influence of the operating conditions on the facilities running was also evaluated. The results obtained show that the characteristics of the industrial wastewater used vary significantly with average levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 5 gO2 / L, sodium of 0.5 mg / L and pH of 11. The evolution of the microorganisms in the biological reactor is influenced by the operating conditions, in particular the pH, the temperature, the organic load of the feed, the sludge retention time and the mechanical performance of the system. COD removal efficiencies between 93 and 96% were obtained both aerobically and anaerobically. Elimination of organic pollution was influenced by the acclimation of the biomass and by the mass loading in the reactor. Sodium was poorly retained by MBR treatment with low retention rates. The average biogas production yield with anaerobic MBR is estimated at 0.21 ± 0.03 L biogas/gCOD removed for an average flow rate of 89 ± 40 L/d. The application of NF to the MBR permeate has led to higher quality effluents with removal of both dissolved organic matter and ions. ED led to better salinity removal as a result of MBR but less of dissolved organic matter. The sodium concentrations in the final products of treatments obtained with NF and ED are less than 150 mg / L thus allowing a possible reuse of treated water for irrigation and a safe rejection in the environment. Taking into account the different activities, the operating cost of the current Brakina pre-treatment station is estimated at 140 FCFA/m3 of treated wastewater (€ 0.213), of which about 70% for the neutralization of wastewater by the addition of concentrated acid. Improving treatment with MBR-NF coupling shows an investment estimated at 3.8 billion FCFA (5.7 million euros). Operating expenses are estimated at 322 FCFA/m3 of treated wastewater (0.49 euros/m3 of treated wastewater) for an aerated MBR compared to 227 FCFA/m3 of treated wastewater (0.34 euro/m3 of treated wastewater) for anaerobic MBR is a decrease of 30%. The construction of such a system could lead to the sustainability of market gardening downstream of the Kossodo treatment plant and generate hundreds of permanent jobs with net revenues of more than 12 million FCFA/month (18.675 euros). Also, this could be a showcase for the social and environmental policy of Brakina. However, the major investments, the space requirements that the implementation of this proposal requires and the unavailability on site of technical competence for the curative maintenance of the system could be the main constraints to the implementation of this project.Key words: beverage production industry, electrodialysis, industrial wastewater, membrane bioreactor, nanofiltration
Luo, Jianquan. "Traitement d'effluents industriels par filtration membranaire dynamique à fort cisaillement." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2026.
Membrane filtration is easy to combine with other technologies to treat industrial wastewater, for the production of reusable water and the reutilization of organic/inorganic components. But flux decline due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling is an important limitation in applying membrane technologies to recycle wastewater. In order to reduce flux decline, shear-enhanced membrane filtration was used to treat detergent and dairy wastewaters in this work. Flux behaviors, fouling mechanisms, foulant roles and control strategies in recycling wastewater by shear-enhanced membrane filtration were investigated to provide useful information for industrial applications. The flux decline in the treatment of detergent wastewater by nanofiltration (NF) could be controlled as the surfactant concentration polarization layer was reduced by high shear rate on the membrane. Increasing feed pH had a positive effect by enhancing electrostatic repulsion between surfactant molecules and membrane. The membrane fouling layer could be broken up by water rinse, and thus membrane permeability could be fully recovered without any chemical cleaning. Membrane fouling in the treatment of dairy wastewater was more complicated. When operating at high shear rate and pressure, after a stable flux period, a slow flux decline caused by surface adsorption of foulants (lactose, multivalent salt ions and their aggregates) occurred. In this adsorption fouling stage, pore narrowing and blocking governed by foulant–membrane interaction were the main fouling mechanisms. In absence of chemical cleaning, this adsorption fouling could induce cake fouling formation by proteins-calcium aggregates, resulting in severe flux decline. Ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment could reduce NF membrane fouling at low shear rate due to the elimination of caseins and whey proteins, while it had a negative effect on NF of UF permeate at high shear rates. Two new membrane operations, i. E. At extreme hydrodynamic conditions and threshold flux conditions, were proposed. Extreme hydrodynamic conditions consists in high shear rate and high applied pressure (up to 40 bar), while threshold flux operation implies limiting the flux to reduce fouling (the point above which flux ceases to increase linearly with transmembrane pressure). The former had high process efficiency and good permeate quality, but the latter is advantageous in long-term runs due to low flux decline. It can be concluded that, using shear-enhanced membrane filtration, flux decline can be well controlled by its high shear rate on the membrane. Extreme hydrodynamic operation with suitable chemical cleaning and threshold flux operation with low fouling rate, are two possible choices for dynamic shear-enhanced membrane process. The comparison and applicability of these two operations need to be further studied
Côté, Martin. "Modélisation d'un bioréacteur à plateaux pour le traitement des eaux usées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/MQ33604.pdf.
Lettermann, Jean-Marie. "Le traitement des eaux usées par le moyen de la rhizosphère." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M227.
Avella, Vasquez Ana Catalina. "Substances polymériques extracellulaires dans les procédés de traitement des eaux usées." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL029N/document.
The objective of this work is firstly, i) to study the microbial behaviour of the biomass especially the production of the EPS in the presence of pharmaceutical compounds (an anticancer product and five antibiotics); and secondly, ii) to study EPS in the context of the sludge settling in wastewater treatment plants. The study in the presence of the anticancer product was done in membrane bioreactors. The presence of the anticancer product provoked the production of the EPS as the protection mechanism which is at the origin of the membrane fouling.The effect of five antibiotics was evaluated in batch reactors. The family of macrolides showed the most important effect on the microbial activity with a significant increase of the EPS production which was associated with a protection mechanism.Sludge settling in the presence of fungi was carried out in a pilot reactor. The spectacularly improvement of the sludge settleability was related with a better cohesion inside of the flocs attributed to an increase of the EPS production.Finally, the diagnosis of different wastewater treatment processes was established in three paper mill wastewater treatment plants thanks to the double approach used here, the physico-chemical analysis of the sludge and the statistical analysis by principal components analysis of the different parameters recorded in each plant. We tried to describe the parameter related to the settling behaviour by linear or polynomial regressions of second degree in function of a reduced number of the measured parameters
Suh, Young-Jin. "Elaboration d'un guide pour l'amélioration et l'évaluation de la qualité d'inventaire de l'ACV : application aux filières de traitement des eaux usées urbaines." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0080.
This work was firstly devoted to the methodology development aiming at increasing the credibility of the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) results. Secondly, the method proposed was applied to a case study: the comparison of two municipal wastewater treatment systems. The proposed methods are as follow. Firstly, for the reliable inventory analysis, the treatment of a volume of wastewater was proposed as functional unit with a concept “negative environmental charge". Recommendations were also made for system boundary selection and for allocation rules. Secondly, with regard to inventory quality assessment, the method suggested uses quality indicators: on one hand, exactitude, temporal, geographical and technical representativeness, and completeness for the data quality assessment; on the other hand, definition of system boundary and functional unit, and allocation and aggregation rules for the model quality assessment. Finally, the result of the case study conduced to compare the environmental impacts of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP A: lamellar decantation + biofiltration; WWTP B: activated sludge + sand filteration) showed that WWTP A consuming more chemicals and energy was less environmentally friendly than WWTP B
El, Haité Hakima. "Traitement des eaux usées par les réservoirs opérationnels et réutilisation pour l'irrigation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00611149.
Monette, Frédéric. "Traitement des eaux usées par coagulation-floculation avec recirculation des boues chimiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/NQ42826.pdf.
Ben, Youssef Chérif. "Filtrage, estimation et commande adaptative d'un procédé de traitement des eaux usées." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT014H.
Soehartanto, Totok. "Analyse de stabilité et commande de procédé de traitement des eaux usées." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0187.
Alcaraz, González Víctor. "Estimation et commande robuste non-linéaires des procédés biologiques de dépollution des eaux usées : application à la digestion anaérobie." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0446.
This PhD Thèsis is concenred with the development of robust nonlinear estimation and control strategies for the optimisation of biological wastewaters treatment plants in general and with their experimental application on anaerobic digestion processes in particular
Casellas, Claude. "Dynamique des écosystèmes de lagunes d'épuration d'eaux usées : application au lagunage expérimental de Marrakech (Maroc), comparaison avec le lagunage de Mèze (Hérault)." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON13520.
Lorain, Olivier. "Contribution a l'etude du traitement des eaux par congelation : potentialites et applications." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0047.
Nagem, Nogueira Flavia (19. "Méthodes d'évaluation de la biodégradabilité des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11011.
Garnier, Christophe. "Etude chimique et microbiologique des exopolymères de boues activées : éléments de compréhension du fonctionnement des stations d'épuration." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_GARNIER_C.pdf.
HPLC-SEC and µFT-IR were coupled to investigate the molecular weight and nature of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludges. This study was performed at two levels: (i) macroscopic chromatographic approach which allowed to screen macromolecules of various sizes and (ii) microscopic spectroscopic approach to identify chemical species or more often their association. The EPS identified in activated sludge were collected in a chemical database which provides the basis for comparison wastewater treatment plants. The EPS chromatographic fingerprints of sludge from various origins remained stable in normal operating conditions, but were drastically modified during settling crises. This study was focused on the EPS extracted from the bacteria isolated from activated sludge of the paper industry. The two bacterial strains had very different kinetics of EPS production and the competitive effects on the EPS production have been clearly demonstrated
Fazio, Antoine. "Les filtres à sable verticaux en assainissement autonome : approche pratique du dimensionnement." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20203.
Bonnieux, Marc. "Etude du procédé "lit bactérien à ruissellement". Approche hydrodynamique du réacteur et capacité d'élimination des diverses fractions organiques. Application au traitement d'eau usée urbaine." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20116.
Atheba, Grah Patrick. "Traitement des eaux par action combinée de la photocatalyse solaire et de l'adsorption sur charbon actif : conception et réalisation du procédé." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ032S/document.
Our studies have focused on the development of a simple photoreactor hand-made from polymer wastes and recover the coconut shell waste tuning them into activated carbon for the treatment of wastewater. The first part of our study, the photoreactor allowed for the photodegradation of Diuron (abundant in herbicides used in agriculture), under artificial (UV lamp) and natural (sunlight) irradiation. The tests were conducted on two commercial supported catalysts (the Quartzel for Saint-Gobain Quartz and cellulosic support for Ahlstrom). The photodegradation of Diuron kinetics follows a pseudo-first order. The cellulosic support is suitable of our photoreactor even if the Quartzel is more efficient than the cellulosic support. The photodégradation under both two irradiation sources is the same. In order to recover the waste agricultural on Côte d'Ivoire (mainly final waste coconut shell), active carbons were prepared from them by physical activation. We have developed a method that takes into account the cost factor and product performance. Tests of physical and chemical characterizations were performed. Our coal "optimized" has a specific surface of 750 m² per gram about is essentially microporous and contains features acids and bases on its surface. Kinetic studies of adsorption of Diuron showed that the optimized coal has a good affinity with the probe molecule. We have in the last part of our study combined the two processes (photocatalysis followed by adsorption on activated carbon). Preliminary studies on the photo-reactors were carried out. These tests have allowed us to establish the experimental protocol used, which was to make the photodegradation for 90 minutes and then pass the solution through a cartridge of activated carbon prepared by ourselves. A comparative study of three methods was performed and we observed the benefits of coupling TiO2/CA. We could eliminate 10 % of Diuron, and by-products of photodegradation of Diuron remained on the solution. Also technically we can do the process by the day by Photocatalysis and by night by adsorption
Moersidik, Setyo Sarwanto. "Traitement des eaux usées par lagunage à haut rendement : gestion de l'écosystème et comparaison des performances épuratoires avec un lagunage traditionnel." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON13504.
El, Halouani Hassan. "Lagunage à haut rendement : caractérisation physico-chimique de l'écosystème, étude de son aptitude à l'élimination de l'azote et du phosphore dans l'épuration des eaux usées." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON13511.
Castillo, de Campins Soraya. "Étude d'un procédé compact de traitement biologique aérobie d'effluents laitiers." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0034.
This work concerns the treatment of the wastewaters issued from milk production or transformation. The main ideal is to propose a compact process performing an efficient bio-treatment. Such an objective can be obtained if high microorganisms concentrations can be reached, that need biomass to be retained inside of the reactor. For such a purpose, if a classical membrane bioreactor can be suitable in the case of industrial dairy wastewater, new constraints appear for the “white waters” that are produced by framings , such that small flowrates and variability, robustness and economy of the process. The first part of the work was devoted to the general study of the potentialities and limits of a membrane bioreactor operating with high volumetric loads and high cellular concentrations. The influence of this last operating condition has been specifically studied when applied to dairy wastewaters. The second part of the study has been devoted to the treatment of dairy farmings rejects. On the basis of the membrane bioreactor, a new principle of bioreactor has been designed and studied, associating a membrane process to retain the biomass, a more common technology and a sequential supply as found in farmings. The principle has been applied to treat the “white wastewaters” obtained when the milking process are washed two times a day
Canovas, Sophie. "Structure du zooplancton en traitement des eaux usées par lagunage à haut rendement." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON13509.
Morel, Michel. "L'utilité des végétaux aquatiques pour le traitement des eaux usées sous climat tropical." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL086N.
Renou, Sébastien. "Analyse de cycle de vie appliquée aux systèmes de traitement des eaux usées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_RENOU_S.pdf.
Nowadays, the environmental performances of wastewater treatment systems are not properly analyzed. Thus, the development of an exhaustive and reliable method is needed to help stakeholders to choose the best environmental solutions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was selected as a starting point to answer this problem. LCA has been tested. This tool is essential to analyze the environmental performances of wastewater treatment systems. In order to fulfill our goal, the best compromise seems to be the association of LCA, to assess global impacts, with others methodologies, to assess local impacts. Finally, a software has been developed to compare urban sludge treatment and recovering process trains. Two impacts, energy and greenhouse effect, are currently included in. The software and its development steps are described and illustrated through two case studies. This tool has made LCA easier to apply and more useful to wastewater field stakeholders
Marzougui, Zied. "Élaboration de Latex magnétique fonctionnalisée pour le traitement des eaux usées par adsorption." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1311/document.
The aim of this study was to prepare magnetic latex particles being magnetic core-polymer shell, able to remove heavy metals, cationic dyes and endocrine disrupting chemicals, by batch adsorption. These adsorbents were magnetically separated allows replacement of the heavy techniques such as centrifugation, sedimentation, and filtration by applying magnetic field.The results analysis in terms of colloidal and surface properties, transmission electron microscopy, hydrodynamic particle size, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta-potential measurements, confirms the encapsulation of the magnetic core and the polymer shell, the surface functionalization of these particles, and the good colloidal stability. Heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and HCrO4-), methylene blue and Bisphenol A were taken as model of contaminants. Various physicochemical parameters influencing the adsorption phenomenon, which we have studied; the effect of adsorbents amount, the initial pH medium, the contact time, and the effect of the initial concentration of the pollutants. This study showed that the adsorption is fast and equilibrium is achieved within 30 min. The adsorption process is highly dependent on the initial pH. Adsorption capacities of the elaborated magnetic latex particles are very satisfactory when compared with different magnetic adsorbents reported in the literature. The adsorption kinetics for all the studied systems could be considered pseudo-second order model and the adsorption process of these elements by magnetic latex particles follows the Langmuir monolayer model. SOPAL wastewater sample load in heavy metals was analyzed by the prepared magnetic adsorbent. The results have enabled us to deduce that magnetic latex particles are effective for decontamination of real waste water. The prepared magnetic latex particles in this research can be recommended as fast, effective, and reusable for removal and recovery of metal ions from wastewater effluents
Samaké, Drissa. "Traitement des eaux usées de tannerie à l'aide de matériaux à base d'argile." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10300.
In this work we propose to study methods of waste water processing, in particular those of a tannery of Mali (TAMALI), we investigate the immobilization of chromium, by using clay minerals. We identified the compounds present in the effluents of the tannery of TAMALI: Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Si. We measured the total Cr and Cr(VI). We found a Cr concentration significant total (1,2 g/L) and very little dissolved Cr (VI) (0,035g/L). We detected organic acids. We characterized a clay sample coming from Marakabassy MB: the diffraction of x-rays on rough clay and the fine fractions (2 µm) shows that the clay MB is composed of kaolinite, quartz with a small quantity of smectite and illite. The chemical analysis showed ratio SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 higher than that of a kaolinite. MgO, Na 2 O, K 2 O and MnO indicate the presence beside the kaolinite of smectite and illite. ETM showed that clay is a kaolinite with fine particles lower than 0. 1 µm and ESM showed fine particles of size lower than 100 nm beside well crystallized larger particles. The CEC and specific surface area confirmed these observations with values respectively 0. 34 M eq. Kg -1 and 64 m 2 g -1. Chromium (III) adsorption increases with the pH; 97% are adsorbed. The adsorption of chromium (III) occurs well in the simple matrices (distilled water) but when one has complicated matrices it passes from 97% to less than 15%. Adsorption is obstructed by organic compounds. For that we made the adsorption of chromium in distilled water in the presence of organic compounds. It was seen that the weak concentrations do not have a significant effect on adsorption but from 5 mM one noted a fall of adsorption
Zaessinger, Alain. "Etude de la structure et caractérisation d'un floculant alumineux utilisé dans le traitement des eaux." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0036.
Grégori, Thierry. "Influence de l'hydrodynamique sur les performances d'épuration d'un réacteur biologique de traitement d'effluents industriels : cas de l'eau de cokerie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL128N.
The optimisation of the performance of the industrial waste water treatment by activated sludge, requires a good knowledge of the biological processes used. The main problem of industrial waste water treatment is the influent component toxicity. The objective of this work is to present a study about, influence of aeration basin hydrodynamic on the filtering performances of coke oven waste water treatment. The two principal pollutants are phenol and thiocyanate. The comparison of the fonctionning of two different aeration basins (1 CSTR of 20 litres and 5 CSTR’s of 4 litres each in series), shows the great influence of water Residence Time Distribution on pollutant degradation. Due to the toxic character of the influent, the higher stability is obtained in single CSTR, where the toxicity is quickly diluted. So, for this kind of industrial influent, a single CSTR, for the aeration basin, is the more capable waste water treatment plant to have a good removal pollution efficiency, and, particularly to absorb the variations of pollutant concentrations in the influent. Howewer, the study in the 5 CSTR’s in series shows that, the main pollutants (phenol, and, thiocyanate) are sequentially degraded, with an inhibition of thiocyanate degradation by residual phenol concentration. All the experimental results, have permitted to determinate kinetic parameters. At last, a new type of bio-reactor, CSTR’s in series with counter-lfow feeding, is studied. It allows, to obtained in continuous, an adapted biomass for toxic influent biodegration
Maillard-Dupuy, Catherine. "Traitement des eaux par photocatalyse hétérogène : dégradation de composés aromatiques azotés." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10058.
Lagarde, Fabienne. "Modélisation et optimisation du traitement de l'azote et du carbone par boues activées avec aération séquencée en temps de pluie à différentes températures." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120042.
In order to maximize the urban wastewater treatment, particularly under wet weather, the operational conditions allowing an improvement of the carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency were sought out. An activated sludge wastewater treatment plant with an intermittent aeration tank was modeled with the Activated Sludge Model 1. As a preliminary step, the plant was intensively sampled by means of three measuring campaigns (several days long) realized under different temperatures and hydraulic loads. The collected data allowed to calibrate the model parameters at 12°C and at 20°C under dry weather on the saine plant. The model parameters were then validated at 14°C under overload conditions. Meanwhile, the influent was characterized in terms of biodegradation kinetics of COD, under various sampling rainfail conditions. This COD characterization is required for model forcing. A respirometric procedure was developed and applied to samples collected from the combined and separate sewers of the plant. The evaluation of COD fractions is also of interest to predict the impact and the hehaviour of direct combined sewer overflows on the receiving body. By means of mass balance calculations, we assessed the contribution of each biological zone in the COD and N removal by using the validated model. Each zone interest and the impact of operating and external conditions (temperature, load) on the biological treatment were investigated through several simulation scenarios. We deterrnined that the maximal pollutant load that can be treated essentially depends on the temperature and the influent composition (COD/N ratio in particular). In all cases, the maximization of the treatment relies on the adjustment of the operational conditions
Chazarenc, Florent. "Optimisation des systèmes de traitement des eaux usées domestiques par filtres plantés de macrophytes." Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS032.
Ideal for small communities of up 1000 residents, constructed wetlands (CWs) provide an environmentally sound alternative to traditional methods of wastewater treatment. In France, in response to a recent situation, there are 200 functioning CWs in 2003. Even though FrenchCWs are satisfactorily efficient, degradation mechanisms are still misunderstood. It is still possible to improve the french specific design of CWs. This thesis work has been conducted in this context. The aim was to determine some conceptual and optimisation parameters of the global filter behaviour. Several samples were collected between 2001 and 2003 in both pilot scale ans full scale CWs. Results were presented ans discussed in two chapters. The first focused on hydraulic and organic loading influence on hydraulic residence time distribution (HRT) occuring in horizontal flow. The objectives were to propose models and to quantify the potential dysfunctions. The second chapter presented vertical flow CW microbiology and its relationship with time and space. Results showed taht in horizontal flow constructed wetlands, there were treatment limitations for raw wastewater, causing hydraulic and biological deficiences and the effect of evapotranspiration was significant, increasing the HRT and the hydraulic efficiency. In vertical flow constructed wetlands, results showed that the development of a surface layer with time had an important role for hydraulic repartition, retention and biological diversity and that season and media size had a strong effect on biological catabolism. In winter and with small size media the conditions were more anaerobic that in summer with larger filtration material. To conclude, this thesis draws a first summary of the global behaviour and design limits of both horizontal and vertical CWs. Several optimisation suppositions for future research were recommended
Bardin, Jean-Pascal. "Contribution à une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement qualitatif des bassins de retenue soumis en permanence à un débit traversier avec la prise en compte des incertitudes." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0015.
Neglected in urban storm water management for a long time, urban storm runoff are nowadays considered as an important source of nuisance for human people and their environment. Among the different tools which are possible to collect and treat the discharges, alternative techniques are more and more used. Among these techniques, the use of cross-flow detention tanks is at the centre of a debate involving technical, ecological, and economical stakes. However, some recent experiments studies carried out on these tanks in order to evaluate their pollution removal efficiency don't allow to any conclusion. In terms of qualitative functioning, some disparities appear between the results obtained from a basin to another and from a study to another. The studies report also the removal efficiency of these tanks to be fairly low. For although it is never mentioned, the removal efficiency is probably impaired by considerable uncertainty. The goals of the presented study are to formulate how we could use the existing tools (based on modeling and monitoring) in order to improve the knowledge about qualitative functioning of cross-flow detention tanks with regards to uncertainty. The main results of this study are: -the improvement in the knowledge of the qualitative functioning of cross-flow detention tanks - the proposition of a mode! to describe the event mean concentration of a pollutant, in the runoff at the outlet of cross-flow detention tanks - comparison and critics of the methods to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of a cross-flow detention tanks - proposition of methods which can be used to estimate the uncertainties impairing the pollutant removal efficiency of cross-flow detention tanks - the case study of a large cross-flow detention tank in Venissieux, and an error assessment of the removal efficiency evaluation (one evaluation on the short range and one evaluation on the long range)
Outaguerouine, Abderrahmane. "Activité des boues activées : mesures et intérêt pour la gestion des stations d'épuration." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120050.
Vaxelaire, Stéphane. "Action d'un traitement ultrasonore basse fréquence sur la qualité et la production de boues activées." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS023.
Reduction of excess sludge production is one of the major stakes of the 21st century; excess sludge treatment accounting up to 60 % of total cost of wastewater treatment. Low frequencies ultrasounds, by there mechanical actions on flocs, are a potential way of treatment for reduces this sludge flow. The treatment tests have been performed on a lab-scale pilot made of two parallel activated sludge systems. Low frequencies ultrasonic treatment (20 kHz sonotrode, SODEVA) is placed at level of the recycling of sludge of one of the two activated sludge systems and it is possible to treat only a fraction of recycling flow. Treatment tests realized on lab-scale pilot allowed reducing sludge production of 30 %, with an increase of sludge mineralization on the treated line; the fraction of volatile solids is reduce from 75 % to 60 %. Moreover no degradation of the quality of effluent is observed. The organic matter created, have been oxidized in the pilot. In addition a decrease of flocs' diameter is observed, just as it make soluble a parts of compounds captive in flocs. Many hypotheses can be done on the effects of ultrasonic treatment -The treatment make soluble a parts of organic matter, as consequence to recycling a parts of sludge into substrates, the conversion yield of substrates into sludge isn't of 100 %, so there is a reduction of sludge production -The treatment change the physicals characteristics of sludge by a mechanical effect : flocs size is reduce, so exchange surface is increased and sludge activity supported. Now modelling allows checking hypotheses and establishes that the second hypothesis is more realistic, unlike to the first, which cannot only explain sludge production reduction. However many other hypotheses on the ultrasonic treatment effects cannot currently be isolated. So it is necessary to continue study. Moreover, the promising results make it possible to plan tests on a semi-industrial scale pilot in order to optimise the system
Fontan, Philippe. "Etude physico-chimique et impact économique du traitement des effluents graisseux sur l'aire marseillaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30048.
The difficulties encountered by the sanitation companies for the disposal of greasy wastes were the starting point for this study. Greasy residues are mainly generated by the cleaning operations of grease traps installed in the food processing businesses. In 1999, in Marseille, no law-compliant treatment solution was available for this kind of waste. Before considering the creation of a treatment facility, the characteristics and quantities of waste had to be estimated through a survey and a bibliographic study. This project is an inventory of the actual knowledge in the treatment of greasy residues. Only a complete trailing of waste will lead to a satisfactory handling of the waste and will assure the timelessness of the treatment path
Roubaud, Emma. "Technologie électro-microbienne pour le traitement des eaux usées couplé à la récupération d'hydrogène." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0091.
A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) supplied with wastewater simultaneously produces hydrogen with a lower energy cost than conventional electrolysis and reduces the wastewater polluting. This thesis aimed to identify the barriers hampering to the up-scaling of microbial electrolysis applied to domestic wastewater treatment and to propose optimization solutions for the various components of an MEC. The installation of a cation exchange membrane between the anode and cathode compartments made it possible to use a concentrated KHCO3 solution as the catholyte. For a current density of 10 A/m², the electro-catalytic activity of the HCO3 ions allowed reducing the cathode overpotential by 380 mV compared to domestic wastewater. A grade of industrial graphite has been selected as the most suitable material for the formation of industrial-scale bioanodes, especially for its mechanical resistance which is adapted to machining and thus creating 3D bioanodes. An electrochemical surface treatment applied to the graphite electrodes increased by 56% the current densities produced by the bioanodes formed from this treated graphite. Finally, a laboratory scale MEC prototype was designed on the basis of experimental results obtained previously during the thesis and numerical modelling work. An average hydrogen production of 3.8 L/La/j was achieved, which is 1.5 times higher than the highest production reported in the literature for MECs supplied with domestic wastewater
Brisebois, Evelyne. "Bioaérosols viraux dans les usines de traitement des eaux usées : détection moléculaire et métagénomique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27638.
Wastewater treatment center (WTCs) workers may be vulnerable to diseases caused by viruses, such as the common cold, influenza and gastro-intestinal infections. Although there is a substantial body of literature characterizing the microbial community found in wastewater, only a few studies have characterized the viral component of WTC aerosols, despite the fact that most diseases affecting WTC workers are of viral origin and that some of these viruses are transmitted through the air. In this study, we evaluated in four WTCs the presence of 11 viral pathogens of particular concern in this milieu and used a metagenomic approach to characterize the total viral community in the air of one of those WTCs. The presence of viruses in aerosols in different locations of individual WTCs was evaluated and the results obtained with four commonly used air samplers were compared. We detected four of the eleven viruses tested, including human adenovirus (hAdV), rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). The results of the metagenomic assay uncovered very few viral RNA sequences in WTC aerosols, however sequences from human DNA viruses were in much greater relative abundance.
Forquet, Nicolas. "Modélisation diphasique de l'écoulement dans les filtres verticaux pour le traitement des eaux usées." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6284.
Over the last decade, the number of vertical flow fllters for wastewater treatment has quickty increased. Scientists employ, more and more often, physical-based numerical model in order to understand and predict treatment performances of vertical flow filters. The model quality mostly depends on their abllity to accuratety represent the complex air and water flow occuring wlthin the fllters. We present a two-phase flow, monodimensional modelling which hlghllghts two phenomena related to air entrapment during feeding: a reduction of hydraulic conducttvlty near the surface and a reduction of the water content at the bottom of the fllter. We validated numerical results versus experimental ones obtained on a laboratory pilot. We tried to improve numerical performance of the two-phase flow model based on progress achieved in the field of petroleum engineering. We built up a model able to more accurately approximate the saturation front which arises during infiltration. Finally, we studied the possibility to use electrical resistivity tomography for vertlcal flow filter study since it produces spatialty distributed data that mlght be complementary to a modelllng approach. We designed an experimental setup to calibrate the relationship between variation of bulk electrical conductivity and water content
Nguyen, Dinh-Huan. "Optimisation de la conception et du fonctionnement des stations de traitement des eaux usées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0015/document.
This work is a direct extension of the PhD thesis of Chachuat (2001) on dynamic optimization and optimal control of small size wastewater treatment plants. The objective is to go further by focusing on optimal design and operation of wastewater treatment plants of any size. Thus, in a first part, optimization of small size wastewater treatment plants was studied. Contrary to what has been done so far: (i) the aeration is no longer alternating, but continuous, (ii) the settler is not considered perfect, but its operation is modeled using a series of 10 sedimentation layers, (iii) the optimization approach developed is based on the method of sensitivities implemented wthin the dynamic simulation and optimization software gProms, used throughout this work. The influence of the settler model on the minimization of aeration energy was particularly investigated. In a second part , the large size treatment plants are considered . More specifically, the benchmark model developed by the European network COST was used to describe their operation. A "foreign object" was developed in order to make the simulation and optimization of these plants possible using gProms. The optimisation showed that the aeration energy consumption could be reduced by at least 30 % compared to the current operation of these plants . In a third part, the optimization of the design of the wastewater treatment plant was studied. A superstructure has been defined with several (five) reactors and a settler. All the possibilities of recycling and by-passes between the reactors on the one hand and between the reactors and the settler on the other are considered. The objective was to determine the best structure and the optimal values of the reacter volumes that minimize the net present value while respecting the regulatory constraints. On the other hand, a multi-objective optimization problems of the treatment plant was carried out. It allawed to determine the Pareto set of solutions that minimize the energy consumption (pumping and aeration) and maximize the effluent quality. The fourth and last part of this work focuses on modeling, simulation and optimization of the treatment plant of the city of Verulam in the area of Durban in South Africa. Experimental measurements were carried out on the plant and the ASM1 model was used to describe its operation. An estimability analysis was first performed in order to determine the model parameters that can be estimated from the available experimental measurements . The estimable parameters were then identified using gProms . The identified model was validated and then used to optimize the energy function of this plant