Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines'
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Nagem, Nogueira Flavia (19. "Méthodes d'évaluation de la biodégradabilité des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11011.
Full textPetitjean, Alain Bernard Nicolas. "Modélisation des transferts réactifs diphasiques dans les filtres verticaux pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6175.
Full textOxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacterial activity, deeply impacts Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) treatment efficiency. We introduce a multiphase model able to simulate multi-component transfer in VFCWs. It is based on a two-phase flow module, and a transport module. The flow module can quantify both water and air velocities throughout the filter during operation. The reactive transport module follows dissolved and gaseous oxygen concentrations, and the transport of solutes such as ammonium and readily biodegradable COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The consumption of components is governed by Monod-type kinetics. Heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for COD and ammonium degradation respectively, are part of the model components. The kinetics are based on the Constructed Wetlands Model 1. The results from the simulation tool were compared with existing experimental data, and two kinds of operation with VFCWs were investigated. The authors show strong interplay between oxygen renewal and bacterial consumption in case of sequential batch feeding with transient flooding of surface. Oxygen renewal is essentially convection mediated in such operation, while convection is not significant in non-flooding operation. Simulated bacterial patterns are impacted by the operation, both quantitatively and spatially. From a modelling point of view, the authors highlight some limitations of the biological model : the description of bacterial lysis processes needs to be enhanced, as well as ammonium adsorption to organic matter
Deleris, Stéphane. "Réduction de la production de boue lors du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : analyse du traitement combiné : ozonation et traitement biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0038.
Full textElimination of excess sludge produced by biological wastewater treatment is an important issue of the next decade. Due to the constraints inherent to the current practices for sludge disposal, research efforts are focused on processes that reduce sludge production simultaneously to treating wastewater. The association of a chemical oxidation step (with ozone) with an activated sludge process can lead to a significant reduction of sludge production. Experimental and simulation approaches, were employed to analyse the main mechanisms of sludge production. Results showed the major influence of the accumulation of particular inert organic compounds coming from the influent and from the decay of biomass. Il ozonation treatment improves the biodegradability of those compounds, simulations confirms that total reduction of excess sludge production could be reached. Batch experiments of sludge ozonation show the solubilising effect if ozone and also demonstrate the biodegradability improvements of the solubilised matter and significant inactivation of biomass. The obtained results allow generation of a simulation model on the effect of ozone on sludge. Using this model combined with the existing biological model confirms the potential of the combined process. Continuous experiments at pilot scale confirm that the association of ozonation treatment with an activated sludge process allows total reduction of excess organic sludge production and also leads to the reduction of mineral sludge production. The optimization of the way of applying ozone (dosage, treatment frequency) appears to be a key point to guarantee the efficiency of the ozonation treatment. The obtained data show that ozone treatment lead to the production of non settleable refractory COD in the effluent. Significant improvements in sludge settling characteristics and conservation of nitrifying activity are also observed. The results of this work confirm the applicability of the combined process
Muller, Mathieu. "Ecodynamique et activité toxicologique des œstrogènes au cours du traitement des eaux résiduaires et des boues urbaines." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20161.
Full textThe fate of estrogens and estrogenic activity through a sewage treatment plant were studied combining chemical and biological assessments. The behaviour of estrogens and endocrine-disrupting activities was also investigated during sludge anaerobic digestion or composting after validation of a specific analytical method. Finally, the bacteria involved in the degradation of estrogens were characterised using both classical and molecular microbiological methods. The estrogens and estrogenic activity are efficiently removed by biodegradation during urban sewage treatment. Despite slightly sorption of estrogens on sludge, persistence of these compounds and endocrine-disrupting activities was observed through anaerobic digestion and composting process. The estrogens-degrading consortia consist of until now uncultured species or bacteria already known to degrade estrogens or others organic pollutants. Brevundimonas diminuta was involved in the degradation of estradiol
Buzier, Rémy. "Évolution de la spéciation des métaux dans les eaux résiduaires urbaines lors du traitement par boues activées." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002521010204611&vid=upec.
Full textIn the European water framework directive context, we have studied metals in urban wastewaters for their potential threat to natural water bodies. The ecotoxicological effects of metals strongly depend on their speciation, which is still difficult to determine in complex media such as wastewaters. This work aims to assess metal speciation in urban wastewaters and its evolution until wastewater discharge into receiving waters, particularly during the wastewater treatment process. In this way, the diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) has been evaluated as a metal speciation tool for wastewaters. Then, this tool has been used to measured labile metal in various wastewater samples collected in various wastewater treatment plants. In addition, different laboratory experiments have been performed to assess organic matter biodegradtion effect on metal speciation during activated sludge treatment. We have validated the DGT technique for the study of metal speciation in urban wastewaters and a first characterisation of labile metals measured by DGT has been made. The laboratory work showed that organic matter biodegradation removes only stronger ligands, weak ligands being removed during activated sludge process probably through adsorption or flocculation processes. Measurements performed on field samples showed that wastewater treatment plant effect on labile metal was variable and does not seem to depend on the treatment process or residence time within the system
Praderie, Matthieu. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines par boues activées à membranes immergées : procédé BAMI." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT001G.
Full textJean-Baptiste, Conrardy. "Contribution à l’étude de l’électro-compression des boues résiduaires urbaines." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3037/document.
Full textIn the purpose to reduce waste amount, the electro-dewatering process is a promising technique to efficiently withdraw a large part of the water included in wastewater sludge. This PhD thesis contributes in various ways to the study of this technique. Lab-scale experiments showed correlations between dewatering kinetics and energy consumption of the process. Moreover, a new model, relatively simple, is proposed to study and simulate the process. This model highlights the main phenomena involved in the electro-dewatering. Finally, a study of the migration of chemical species during the dewatering process is carried out thanks to an analytical protocol measuring ions in filtrates and sludge slices.1
Massé, Anthony. "Bioréacteur à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : spécificités physico-chimiques du milieu biologique et colmatage." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0036.
Full textThis study describes and analyses the interactions which exist between the biological medium specificities coming from a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and fouling. The MBR was compared with an activated sludge process, both fed with the same urban wastewater. The purification efficiencies of both processes were compared for the same operating conditions and at different sludge ages. The influence of membrane and sludge age on supernatant (soluble polymer, COD) and floc characteristics (diameter, fractal dimension, bound exopolymer, sludge volume index, turbidity) was analysed. Sludge production for both systems were calculated and confronted with models. Moreover, we mentioned the main mechanisms implied in long and short term fouling. Finally, the specific role of soluble/colloidal proteins and polysaccharides on deposit structuring was underlined
Derlon, Nicolas. "Analyse de la compétition microbienne entre bactéries autolotrophes et hétérotrophes au sein d'un biofilm éliminant l'azote." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000285/.
Full textBiofim reactors are used in wastewater treatment for simultaneous COD and nitrogen removal. This biological process is based on a complex bacterial consortium, composed of both autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, associated in “biofilm”. The coexistence of these populations results of a microbial competition for both the substrates and the space. This microbial competition potentially leads to process failures as decreases of the removal rates, and thus its mechanisms must be understood. In this way, the objectives of this work were: (i) to develop a model of biofilm growth, (ii) to characterize the detachment mode and its impact on the competition, (iii) and to analyze the impact of the environmental growth conditions on the competition. The main results of this work are the following : a 1-D biofilm model, since the structure allows predicting population dynamics and the biofilm reactor performances, was developed. This is a multi-species and multi-substrates model, which assumes a continuous surface detachment. An experimental study of the detachment mode was performed. Different biofilms were grown under different various and contrasted growth conditions in Couette-Taylor Reactors. Erosion process was defined as a continuous surface detachment of small particles coupled with dynamic volume events detaching large particles. Using the model, different detachment modes in terms of fraction of biofilm thickness detached and in terms of frequency were tested. The dynamic volume events determine the heterotrophic growth at the biofilm surface, and thus the availability of oxygen inside the biofilm. If oxygen is limiting in the inner zone of the biofilm, the autotrophic growth is limited or impossible. By impacting the oxygen availability, the dynamic volume events consequently govern the result of the autotrophic-heterotrophic competition. Under oxygen-limiting conditions, the comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that a simple 1-D model overpredicts the advantage of the heterotrophic growth. The impact of more complex processes on autotrophic-heterotrophic coexistence was thus evaluated. Specific heterotrophic detachment and particulate convection were shown to favour the autotrophic growth and thus the autotrophic-heterotrophic coexistence. Finally, 1-D models considering simple biological and physical processes leads to a strict stratification of the functionalities. The following question is highlighted by this work: Is the strict stratification of the microbial functionalities predicted by simple 1-D model can potentially change the result of the autotrophic-heterotrophic competition ?
Beraud, Benoît. "Méthodologie d’optimisation du contrôle/commande des usines de traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines basée sur la modélisation et les algorithmes génétiques multi-objectifs." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20049.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis concerns the development of an optimization methodology for control laws of wastewater treatment plants. This work is based on the use of WWTP process models in order to simulate their operation. These simulations are used by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, NSGA-II. This optimization algorithm allows the search of optimal solutions when multiple objectives are considered (e. G. The effluent quality, energy consumption, etc. ). It also enables the visualisation of compromises arising between various control laws as well as their respective best domains of application. In a first part of this work, the optimization methodology in developed around four main axes: the conception of a robust simulation procedure, the choice of input datasets for the simulations, the choice of objectives and constraints to consider and the evaluation of long term performances and robustness of control laws. This methodology is then applied on the literature case study of BSM1. In a second part of the work, the methodology is applied on the real case study of Cambrai wastewater treatment plant. This application includes the development of new aspects like the generation of dynamic input datasets out of daily monitoring measurements of the wastewater treatment plant, as well as the simulation of control laws based on oxydo-reduction potential measurements. This application allowed to analyze the compromises between the control law currently tested on the wastewater treatment plant and a new control law foreseen. The benefits of this modification could hence be clearly observed
Paiva, Sampaio Sergio. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines par infiltration-percolation sur massif sableux : essais sur stations pilotes de grandes tailles." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120012.
Full textMailler, Romain. "Devenir des micropolluants prioritaires et émergents dans les filières conventionnelles de traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines (files eau et boues), et au cours du traitement tertiaire par charbon actif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1060/document.
Full textThe first chapter is dedicated to the conventional primary and biological treatments. Hence, removals of a wide range of priority and emerging micropollutants were assessed for primary settling, physico-chemical lamellar settling, low load activated sludge process and biofiltration. Hydrophobic compounds and metals, as well as volatile organic compounds and biodegradable pollutants are rather well eliminated by these treatments. Moreover, considering removals normalized with nitrogen removals, the physico-chemical lamellar settling + biofiltration wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is as efficient as the primary settling + low load activated sludge WWTP, despite its lower hydraulic retention time and its higher compactness. As a complement, the analysis in 3 WWTP effluents from SIAAP of 55 pharmaceuticals and hormones (PPHs) and 6 other emerging pollutants allowed characterizing the contamination of these discharges, and highlighting the high occurrence of 14 compounds at concentrations above 100 ng/L. In the second chapter, the contamination by micropollutants of different types of Parisian sewage sludges was assessed, as well as their fate during sludge treatments. Various compounds, such as alkylphenols, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), metals, organotins, phthalates, polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated acids (PFAs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PPHs, were quantified in raw, centrifuged, digested, thermally dried sludges and sludge cakes (cooking + press-filtering). Some of them (LAS, metals, PCBs) are not eliminated or less than dry matter by sludge treatments resulting in a content increase, while others (alkylphenols, organotins, PBDEs, PPHs, PFAs) are more removed than dry matter by anaerobic digestion and thermal drying. Overall, anaerobic digestion is the most efficient sludge process. Finally, the detection of several pollutants in the centrifuged and condensed waters from centrifugation and thermal drying indicates that a transfer is occurring and that biodegradation and volatilization are not the only mechanism to be involved in micropollutant removal from sludge. The last chapter aimed at investigating the performance of a large scale pilot operating with powdered (PAC) or micro-grain activated carbon (µGAC), during 32 campaigns. Results showed that most of PPHs, alkylphenols, artificial sweeteners, parabens and pesticides are efficiently removed (> 80%) by activated carbon in fluidized bed at moderate doses (10-20 g/m3). Furthermore, the activated carbon dose has a great influence on performances, whether with PAC or µGAC. Then, µGAC has several operational advantages (reactivability, ease of operation, high solid retention time, no need for coagulant/flocculant addition to handle the fluidized bed) over the PAC together with similar performances at a similar fresh µGAC dose (20 gµGAC/m3 ≈ 20 gPAC/m3). In addition this type of process allows an improvement of the conventional wastewater quality parameters, especially µGAC which retains total suspended solids and eliminates totally nitrites. Finally, a correlation between micropollutant and UV-254 removals has been confirmed, suggesting that this parameter could be used as a performances indicator. The complementary laboratory scale experiments performed within this chapter allowed understanding better the PAC adsorption mechanism in wastewater. The correlation between the specific surface, the bulk density of the PAC and PPHs removal has been displayed, as well as the importance of the fresh PAC dose and the contact time. Moreover, the positive effect of FeCl3 and negative influence of the quantity and quality of organic matter on micropollutant adsorption have been observed
Beraud, Benoit. "Méthodologie d'optimisation du contrôle/commande des usines de traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines basée sur la modélisation et les algorithmes génétiques multi-objectifs." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457236.
Full textCasellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Full textWastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
Diallo, Martine. "Infiltration-percolation sur sable et sur fibre de coco, filtres plantes et épuration d'eaux usées domestiques à dominance agroalimentaire sous climat tropical sec : cas des eaux résiduaires urbaines de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00754938.
Full textOliveira, Filho Marcos Antônio. "Etude de la dégradation des membranes de filtration polymères exploitées en bioréacteurs à membranes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30060.
Full textWhile membrane bioreactors (MBR) have been broadly applied to wastewater treatment, a comprehensive study of the aging of membrane materials under operating conditions of MBR at full-scale is necessary in order to understand and to anticipate it. Thus, the present research aim (i) to analyse the chemical action of sodium hypochlorite to commercial polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hollow fibers used in MBR, (ii) to describe membrane ageing of such materials in urban wastewater full-scale MBR based on a coupled characterization of harvested membranes and full-scale process indicators. To that end, ZeeWeed® 500D membranes were aged at bench-scale by single soaking in hypochlorite solution at a concentration (1000 ppm) and pH (9.0) similar to MBR cleaning protocols. In addition, membranes were sampled between 2016 and 2021 from modules from two urban wastewater treatment plants (capacities of 50,000 m3/d and 300,000 m3/d, respectively). Simultaneously, process data were collected and analyzed. Both bench-scale and full-scale aged hollow-fibers were characterized using similar analytical methods and compared considering the chlorine exposure dose (C x t). Significant differences were found between ageing mechanisms at both scales. At bench-scale, membranes presented stable mechanical properties. Three distinctive phases were observed for the changes on intrinsic permeability with an initial increasing phase up to a C x t of 78,000 ppm.h (+ 90% with respect to the initial permeability), because of hydrophilic agent degradation and the formation of small pores (diameter < 20 nm). Then, a decreasing phase is observed (from 78,000 ppm.h to 150,000 ppm.h), caused by a decline in porosity, likely due to a restructuration of PVDF chains. After 150,000 ppm.h, intrinsic permeability seemed to fluctuate around its initial values. At full-scale, a decline in mechanical properties is highlighted, probably linked to the dynamic conditions in the MBR (i.e. filtration, aeration and backwashing). Moreover, an increase in permeability is observed during the studied period (< 98,000 ppm.h) because of a more pronounced oxidation/dislodgement of PVP molecules (25% vs 40% from the initial PVP content, for full- and bench-scale respectively) leading to a higher porosity and the appearance of bigger pores (diameter > 40 nm). These changes favored irreversible fouling in contrary to bench-scale ageing. At full-scale, permeability index (the ratio of permeate flux and transmembrane pressure during the process) after each cleaning-in-place protocol decreases to around 20% over the studied period for both facilities. This decline is well correlated to the PVP content and intrinsic permeability, allowing the determination of key indicators to monitor membrane ageing. This study showed that understanding the mechanisms behind the action of NaOCl on supported PVDF membranes may not represent what actually occurs at full-scale operation. A non-negligible contribution of filtration conditions, mechanical stress due to aeration and backwashes, and residual fouling, specific to onsite operating conditions, may significantly change ageing mechanisms. Continuous autopsies of harvested fibers over the years and monitoring consistent full-scale operating indicators are still needed
Vaillant, Sabine. "La matière organique des eaux résiduaires urbaines, caractérisation et évolution." Pau, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PAUU3004.
Full textKpannieu, Dan Eude Baudouin. "Traitement de la pollution phosphorée des effluents résiduaires urbains par des matériaux de Côte d’Ivoire constitués de schiste ardoisier, grès et latérite : approches en réacteur homogène, en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé et en réacteur micro-pilote de terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0133.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate ions adsorption processes by natural minerals of Ivory Coast, i.e. shale, sandstone and laterite mainly. Phosphate sorption by shale was first investigated in batch and column experiments. Batch experiments allowed the assessment of the influence of initial phosphate concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on phosphate removal. The phosphate removal efficiency increased with increasing shale dosage while phosphate uptake decreased. Phosphate uptake strongly depended on pH, decreasing first with increasing pH in the range of 2-11 and then increasing at the highest pH value of 12. A correlation between aqueous Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe concentrations and phosphate uptake was observed. The kinetics was well described using the pseudo-second order model and isotherms with Langmuir sorption model. Column experiments with a flow rate of 1 ml min-1 and 25 mg L-1 initial phosphate concentration showed a breakthrough point at V/Vp of ~17 corresponding to a phosphate uptake of 0.2 mg g-1 in agreement with batch experiments. The performance of shale was evaluated as filter material in (Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland) VFCW in removal of phosphate ions, nitrogen, suspended solids, and organic compounds, using municipal wastewater. The influence of both shale granulometry and plants density was evaluated. The shale with the finest particle size offers a slightly higher efficiency. The flow rate decreased after wastewater treatment and the fooling is less pronounced for planted VFCW. The filter with the highest plant density offers only slightly higher efficiency towards phosphate and nitrate removal. The phosphate sorption capacity of the plants is negligible confirming the importance in the choice of the filter medium. Finally, phosphate removal by shale was compared to sandstone and laterite in both batch and column experiments. The different chemical compositions of the materials influence strongly the reactivity towards phosphate ions. It is supposed that the status of iron in the material, i.e. in substitution in clays in shale and occurring as hematite and goethite in laterite and sandstone, explained the differences of reactivity. Both batch and column experiments revealed that phosphate uptake decreased in the following ranking order laterite > sandstone > shale. These three materials appear as promising filter materials in VFCW
Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci. "Elimination biologique du phosphore des eaux résiduaires urbaines par des biofiltres immergés." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0032.
Full textJulien, Sabine. "Modélisation et estimation pour le contrôle d'un procédé boues activées éliminant l'azote des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT094H.
Full textMaréchal, Amélie. "Relations entre caractéristiques de la pollution particulaire et paramètres optiques dans les eaux résiduaires urbaines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL052N.
Full textSampling techniques commonly used for monitoring urban wastewater quality cannot provide a real time or extensive knowledge of the pollution loads conveyed in sewer systems. But needs for continuous monitoring are increasing, and optical measuring methods seem to be suitable for that purpose. Turbidity allows an indirect estimation of the concentration of suspended solids (88) in effluents. But the calibration of turbidity sensors for 88 measurements is not an easy task, and a better knowledge of the relations linking the characteristics of suspended solids and the absorption and scattering of light would be useful. A theoretical approach, based on Mie theory for spherical particles, provides information about some parameters governing absorption of light: nature and size of the particles. But the application to experimental results raised major difficulties to get a proper description of suspended particles. Using the same assumption of spherical particles, two techniques have been compared to analyse the particle size distribution, laser light scattering and sieving. Significant differences have been found, and results could not be interpreted in relation with the model. In addition, the relation between the absorption of light and the concentration of suspended solids appeared very similar for many samples collected from different sites under different circumstances, provided a standardised procedure was applied. A few other samples, all of them coming from one particular combined sewer overflow, did display different calibrating curves. However, these variations could not be linked with measured size distributions. Other factors are still to be investigated, as the density of individual particles, and of their aggregates, as well as the influence of their shape
Tardieu, Eric. "Caractérisation du colmatage dans un bioréacteur à membrane recirculé, appliqué au traitement d'eau résiduaire urbaine." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20146.
Full textKaosol, Thaniya. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à l'aptitude à la déshydratation de boues résiduaires urbaines." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20047.
Full textLendormi, Thomas. "Etude de l'oxydation en voie humide de boues résiduaires urbaines et intégration dans une station d'épuration." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0043.
Full textMillot, Yoann. "Use of alternative matrix materials and configurations for optimizing nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI021/document.
Full textThe treatment of domestic wastewater by constructed wetlands (CWs) meets, from more than three decades, an increasing interest because of its high treatment efficiency as well as technological, economic and ecological issues. However, with treatment objectives that are growing ever stricter and an increasingly competitive market, fine knowledge of removal processes is required in order to optimize design in regards with context. A particular attention was paid to nitrogen removal, through this study, because of its particularly coercive dimension in treatment process. This work is partitioned in three axes which enable the assessment of the main mechanisms ensuring nitrogen removal (nitrification, denitrification and sorption, respectively). A first part, conducted in pilot-scaled units fed in real domestic wastewater, aimed at identifying the respective effects of various design and operational parameters (filtration height, filtration area, hydraulic and organic loads) in order to provide design recommendations for an efficient removal of ammonium as well as organic matter and suspended solids. A second part of this work, carried out in pilot-scaled units fed with semi-synthetic wastewater, focused on denitrification process in order to highlight driving parameters (influent composition, design and operational parameters) of full nitrate removal. Last but not least, a third research axis, conducted in column-scaled units, assessed the ammonium adsorption onto reactive material (i.e. zeolite) in order to optimize the retention time of ammonium within the system in regards with nitrification kinetic. These results were then summarized in order to provide design guidelines as well as recommend further complementary experiments
Olivier, Jérémy. "Etude des filtres a bandes pour la deshydratation mécanique des boues résiduaires urbaines." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3006.
Full textThe implementation of European regulations about wastewater treatments leads to a significant increase of the municipal sludge production. So, the treatment of this sludge becomes more and more necessary. The improvement of the mechanical devices used to achieve the volume reduction of this waste is an important step to reduce the cost of the treatment. Our study focuses on the case of the filter belt presses in order to improve their performances in terms of activated sludge dewatering. After a bibliographic overview, an empirical model is proposed to design belt gravity thickeners (which are usually the first step of dehydration when belt presses are used). Then, an experimental set up, allowing the characterisation of industrial filter belt presses at the laboratory scale, is described. The experimental investigations carried out on this laboratory device enable to study the influence of every functioning parameters on the cake moisture. From these results a new operating strategy of filter belt presses is proposed. A new procedure is also presented to evaluate, from measurement carried out in a filtration compression cell (FCC), the moisture of the sludge after a dewatering in a belt filter press. Finally, to investigate the impact of the shear stress which appears around the rollers, some experiments are realised in a FCC modified with a rotary piston
Heninger, Ingrid. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium et de l'étain dans les stations d'épuration d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3040.
Full textBelhani, Mehdi. "Analyse de cycle de vie exergétique de systèmes de traitement des eaux résiduaires." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL104N/document.
Full textThe focus of the work has been to improve the predictions of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) via exergy for processes analysis and eco-design. The potential of the exergetic analysis and Cumulative Exergy Consumption (CExC) in estimating the criterion of depletion, productivity and recyclability of natural resources has been investigated. In this context, the transfer of pollutants and the environmental impacts of a wastewater treatment system (WWTP) have been analyzed in relation with the consumed exergy (CExC) and the destroyed exergy. The study shows that decision is different if the indicator of depletion of natural resources is based on the method of CExC or on the CML method. The improvement of the overall eco-efficiency of a WWTP involves a recycling of sludge in agriculture. Stabilization of sludge by anaerobic digestion reduces the volume of sludge and consequently the impact of transport in comparison with the stabilization with lime. However, on one hand, it reduces the fertilizer potential of sludge. On the other hand it increases energy consumption and the impact of the global warming because of the treatment of digested sludge supernatant recycled to the WWTP. Although the recovery of biogas by cogeneration reduces the energy dependency of the WWTP and improves its overall eco-efficiency in comparison with the liming scenario, it does not provide the possibility for sludge drying. Drying the sludge is one of the recommendations of farmers, although it does not improve the overall eco-effectiveness of the WWTP, and increases the depletion and the destroyed exergy of raw resources and biogas
Rodriguez, Susa Manuel. "Étude d'un bioréacteur anaérobie à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0050.
Full textAn anaerobic membrane bioreactor with membranes separation was studied as technological alternative for wastewater treatment. For the first time, anaerobic granular biomass was coupled with an immersed membrane system. The process was studied during 300 days at psychrophilic conditions (20°C). Hydraulic and particle characterization and were realized. At the end of operation the size and the methanogenic activity of anaerobic granules were maintained, showing the interest of immersed membrane system. Organic matter removal rate between 86% and 90% were obtained. The membrane filtration had a significant contribution on the organic matter removal, especially during the periods of biological instability. A very important effect of biological process on membrane fouling was observed. Soluble microbial products were showed as substances involved in the membrane fouling by adsorption. Finally, the transient accumulation of volatile fatty acids, indicating microbial products and suspended solids release, was suggested as a potential fouling index for the anaerobic process coupled at membranes
GUILLOTEAU, JACQUES. "Traitement des eaux résiduaires par infiltration percolation : performances, biomasse et renouvellement des gaz." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13179.
Full textSoma, Catherine. "Traitement des eaux résiduaires des industries d'ennoblissement textile par microfiltration tangentielle sur membranes minérales." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20015.
Full textNugroho, Fadjari Lucia. "Contribution à l'étude de l'élimination des pollutions phosphorées dans les eaux résiduaires." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0003.
Full textMadeline, Maryline. "Evaluation du risque sanitaire (parasitaire et virologique) des boues résiduaires urbaines en agriculture et des eaux épurées dans l'environnement." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN4060.
Full textCanales, Angel. "Croissance cryptique en bioreacteur a membrane : application au traitement des eaux residuaires urbaines." Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0013.
Full textPiouceau, Julien. "Étude de la croissance de bambou cespiteux en peuplement mutlispécifique pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0004.
Full textThe aim of this work was to adapt under tropical climate, a wastewater treatment phytotechnology which uses bamboo species, already developed under temperate climate. The objectives of the study were to establish reference values on the water and nutrient uptakes, and on above-ground biomass yields, for different tropical bamboo species. The experimental approach relied first in the quantification of the morphological response of seven bamboo species under high nutrient loads, up to 13.2 t.ha-1.yr-1 of NPK, as it occurs in wastewater treatment system. Second time, the evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients of five bamboo species were determined using a lysimeter experiment. Finally, the biomass yield and the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon uptakes were studied for a multi-specific bamboo plantation in response to pig slurry application, at field scale. The results have shown that the high nutrient load (13.2 t.ha-1.yr-1 of NPK) did not cause any detectable stress on the bamboo growth. On the contrary, the photosynthetic activity was improved and the growth rate was increased by 2 to 6 times compared with the control treatment. Depending on bamboo species, the annual biomass yield ranges from 20,7 to 80 t.ha-1.yr-1, and the nutrients storage into the biomass was 400 to 1600 kg.ha-1 for nitrogen, 30 to 130 kg.ha-1 for phosphorus and 18 to 67 t.ha-1 for carbon, in two years of experiment. The yearly average evapotranspiration rates were higher than for typical crops and range from 4 to 7mm.day-1, with average crop coefficients between 2.1 to 3.8, depending on species. Due to their high biomass yield, high nutrient uptakes and high evapotranspiration rates, some bamboo species, i.e. Bambusa oldhamii, Bambusa vulgaris and Gigantochloa wrayii appear as good candidates for wastewater treatment under tropical climate. These results are even more promising since they were obtained for non mature bamboo plants
Buzier, Rémy Mouchel Jean-Marie Tusseau-Vuillemin Marie-Hélène. "Évolution de la spéciation des métaux dans les eaux résiduaires urbaines lors du traitement par boues activées." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2005. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0252101.pdf.
Full textVersion électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Pagination : 210 p. Bibliogr. en fin de chapitres.
Fournel, Julien. "Systèmes extensifs de gestion et de traitement des eaux urbaines de temps de pluie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20111/document.
Full textUrban runoff management has become a priority for many years, regarding the issues of flooding and water course pollution that jeopardize the objectives of the European Framework Directive 2000/60/CE. As an extensive technique, subsurface flow constructed wetlands have proved to be reliable solutions for the treatment of sewage, and have been used for more than 20 years. Their adaptation to other types of functions or effluents has even been implemented over the last ten years (tertiary treatment, dilute effluents, sludge drying reed beds), and the management of urban runoff is part of this extension process. Despite this system combines both storage and treatment capacities, (Uhl and Dittmer, 2005) highlight dysfunctions as reed death during long rest periods or performance losses. These authors also underline the needs in optimizing design rules and tools.Then, the SEGTEUP project combines a large-scale pilot monitoring and hydrodynamic modeling, aiming at providing some basis for the implementation of a reliable design tool, applicable over the entire French territory. Then, the pilot study aimed at testing different materials and filter configurations, while a mechanistic approach was implemented to highlight the main flow influence parameters.Anyway, filtration of suspended solids appears as the major pollutant removal process, allowing the retention of at least 70% of SS and associated pollutants whatever the material considered. Nevertheless, dissolved organic matter adsorption remains negligible, while ammonium elimination is poor for the coarsest material. In the opposite, adsorbent zeolite present high ammonium retention abilities and ensures constantly low discharge levels. The use of this material is particularly recommended in case of specific issues concerning high pollutant loads or low available surface area. Furthermore, micropollutants (metals and PAHs) mainly bound with particles, are highly removed by filtration of SS. In our study, dissolved micropollutants concentrations were too low to highlight robust conclusions. However, further research are needed to better understand metals retention and release, and PAHs degradation processes, since these mechanisms are strongly dependent of pH and redox conditions and dynamics. Finally, the study of hydrodynamics shows that the throttle value influences adsorption and degradation reactions through variations in hydraulic retention time, particularly during saturated phases. On the other hand, the feeding structure is of special importance since a homogenous distribution of influent at the filter surface is needed to avoid hydraulic shortcuts and corresponding dead volumes. Finally, a HYDRUS 1D model was implemented around urban runoff issues, but cannot be used as a predictive design tool. Indeed, the throttle value, represented by a virtual layer with low conductivity, must be re-calibrated for each simulated event. Then, a 2D adaptation of the model is required, as well as the integration in the HYDRUS code of appropriate singular head losses as boundary conditions. In the end, the developed simplified model of water flow and pollutant degradation should be coupled with a sewer system model, aiming at creating a flexible and adaptable design tool
Lesavre, Jacques, and Abdelaziz Zairi. "Epuration des eaux résiduaires par épandage souterrain sous pression : conception et évaluation de la filère de traitement." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066630.
Full textSeve, Eric. "Prétraitement des graisses résiduaires par un procédé combiné de saponification et oxydation en voie humide." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1179.
Full textLacaze, Olivier. "Séparation par décantation lamellaire et contact de particules. Application au traitement primaire d'eaux usées urbaines." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20148.
Full textLopez, Lopez Alberto. "Etude du transfert et de la réactivité de l'ozone appliqués au traitement des eaux résiduaires de l'industrie textile." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0002.
Full textThis study intends to develop new industrial wastewater treatment methods; more particularly, it deals with the evaluation of ozone ability to eliminate the colour and the organic load of textile industry wastewater, and thus to evaluate the characteristic parameters of this treatment process. The first part of this work aims at estimating the hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters in a bubble column; the determination is partly supported by a bubbles image analysis and partly supported by a mass balance for ozone. The influence of a tensioactive compound - t-butanol - and the influence of pH on these parameters are analysed. The second part deals with azoic dyes ozonation in a semi-batch reactor - bubble column. First, an analysis of the stoichiometry of the dyes oxidation by ozone is presented, as well as a comparison of the results regarding oxidation by the molecular and radical pathways. Then, the kinetic parameters for the reaction between ozone and the dyes are determined; the determination method takes into account the results from ozone transfer measurement, expressed as the enhancement factor and the Hatta number, within the frame of the film theory. This method gives access to the rate constant for the reaction between ozone and the dye. As a complement, several factors influencing the rate and the dyes oxidation mechanism are also analysed, such as the addition of t-butanol - radicals scavenger - and hydrogen peroxide - radicals promoter. As a conclusion, this ozone treatment option seems to provide a technical response to the environmental problem raised from the disposal of textile industry wastewater to the ambient medium
Ohanessian, Kelly. "Optimisation de filières de traitement des eaux résiduaires industrielles par couplage de procédés physico-chimiques, thermiques et biologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0368.
Full textThe modeling, simulation and optimization of different industrial wastewater treatment processes using the process coupling method were studied in order to compare their purification performances and to evaluate the associated energy and economic expenses. Three effluents characteristic of the microelectronic industry have been selected as example. As a first step, a bibliographic study allowed to determine the input data for each of the streams studied (flow rates, composition) as well as the conventional treatment methods used. The conventional treatment processes for the three effluents were then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the available functionalities of the software (modules, components, thermodynamic model), some processes have been modeled and/or developed on physical, chemical and kinetic data from the literature. In a second step, new treatment streams were proposed for each of the effluents considered. New processes were modeled and then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the effluent considered, the different couplings refined the treatment thus allowing to reach the discharge limits set in a natural environment or in a sensitive zone to eutrophication, but also to reduce reagents and energy consumption, validating the interest of the couplings. Also, the valorization of by-products has resulted in a significant saving on investment costs
Arcimoles, Marie d'. "L'épandage des boues de stations d'épuration urbaines : une institutionnalisation sans fin." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0011.
Full textThe thesis, defended in the field of organizational sociology, studies how, in France, agricultural spreading of urban sewage sludge from water purification plants came gradually into being and has faced controversies, since the 1990’s. The thesis is structured into two parts, with a historical perspective from 1970 until today, in order to set out the process through which agricultural spreading first became the “right and obvious solution” to discharge urban sewage sludge (first part), before emerging as an unstable and conflicting “problematic solution”, both on a local and a national level (second part). The study is based on qualitative surveys (600 interviews) carried out in twelve French departments and in related national organisations. Two different dynamics have been identified: the institutionalisation and the destabilisation of the agricultural sewage sludge spreading. The purpose of the thesis is less to analyse a sudden and straight discontinuity in an irreversibilisation process, than to analyse a singular form of continuity. The institutionalisation process is never fixed into stable normsand routines, and the debate never finds a definite end; the structural instability of this solution doesn’t ever lead to the giving up of agricultural spreading, as it could be expected. The latter constantly regenerates and renews itself. Further more, sources of instability take part in its consistency
Guellil, Abdelkader. "Transfert de matière organique entre phase aqueuse et agrégats biologiques au cours du traitement des eaux usées urbaines par boues activées." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN12010.
Full textWastewater treatment by activated sludge process involves both biological degradation and physico-chemical mechanisms. The aim of this work was to study exchanges of organic matter occuring between wastewater phase and bacterial aggregates to better understand sorne cases of process dysfunction. [. . . ]
Vaxelaire, Jean. "Etude et modélisation de l'aération des stations d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines par agitation mécanique de surface." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_VAXELAIRE_J.pdf.
Full textSuh, Young-Jin. "Elaboration d'un guide pour l'amélioration et l'évaluation de la qualité d'inventaire de l'ACV : application aux filières de traitement des eaux usées urbaines." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0080.
Full textThis work was firstly devoted to the methodology development aiming at increasing the credibility of the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) results. Secondly, the method proposed was applied to a case study: the comparison of two municipal wastewater treatment systems. The proposed methods are as follow. Firstly, for the reliable inventory analysis, the treatment of a volume of wastewater was proposed as functional unit with a concept “negative environmental charge". Recommendations were also made for system boundary selection and for allocation rules. Secondly, with regard to inventory quality assessment, the method suggested uses quality indicators: on one hand, exactitude, temporal, geographical and technical representativeness, and completeness for the data quality assessment; on the other hand, definition of system boundary and functional unit, and allocation and aggregation rules for the model quality assessment. Finally, the result of the case study conduced to compare the environmental impacts of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP A: lamellar decantation + biofiltration; WWTP B: activated sludge + sand filteration) showed that WWTP A consuming more chemicals and energy was less environmentally friendly than WWTP B
Tizghadam, Ghazani Mostafa. "Etude des performances et optimisation d'un réacteur cascade à biomasse hybride pour le traitement des eaux usées urbaines." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/64980613-b375-43bd-ae4b-8816e68604b1/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4027.pdf.
Full textIn order to solve the problems involved in the organic overload of certain wastewater treatment plants and more generally to improve their performances with respect to nutrients removal, the transformation of the activated sludge treatment plants can be achived with the addition of a biofilm support in the aeration basin. We coupled a suspended growth system with an attached growth system into the same reactor; the process is known as “hybrid”. The cascaded reactor with hybrid biomass (RCBH) is a novel multistage reactor design using a series of baffles designed to force the wastewater to flow alternatively under and over the baffles, in which the supports for development of a biofilm immersed. This type of hybrid reactor, allows the improvement of the treatment of organic carbon, the coupling of the biological nitrification and denitrification within the same basin, with the improvement of the sludge settleability (minimization of the filamentous “bulking” related to the type of flow in use in the reactor). The aims of this work were to study the performances of the RCBH in order to evaluate the possibilities of dimension reductions of the activated sludge plant installations while allowing the carbon and nitrogen treatment. Four aerated reactors with the same effective volume alimented either by a synthetic effluent or by a domestic wastewater, were compared in term of the performances: a suspended growth completely mixed reactor (RPA), a suspended growth cascaded reactor (RC), a hybrid growth completely mixed reactor (RPABH) and a hybrid growth cascaded reactor (RCBH). (For the latter reactor, operation with aerobic- anoxic conditions was also studied). The hydrodynamics of reactors were characterized in order to evaluate its contribution in the elimination of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutions, and the sludge settleability. In the second time, the operating conditions of the reactors were modified in order to appreciate their influence on the mechanisms of elimination of carbon and nitrogen: mass loading, nitrogen loading, hydraulic retention time, sludge age. Lastly, the parameters influencing the performances of the carbon elimination, the nitrification and denitrification were studied for the control and maintenance of the experimental conditions. Where the systems was feded with the domestic wastewater, the COD efficiencies in RPA, RPABH, RC and RCBH are 89, 92, 91 and 93% respectively and in the same order, the ammonia nitrogen efficiencies 20, 29, 88 and 89% are respectively. The hydrodynamics modifications and the biomass implementation in the aeration basin leaded to the improvement the efficiency of the installation. The configuration of a RCBH sequenced aerobic-anoxic with two anoxic compartments at the head of the reactor, was optimized to obtain a concentration in DBO5 lower than 30 mg O2. L-1 and a total nitrogen concentration below 10 mgN. L-1 in effluent. The compartmentalized (cascade) configuration of the aeration basin facilitated the installation of the aerobic-anoxic zones into the reactor and allowed the elimination of 90% of kjeldahl nitrogen. This value was 38% for a traditional system under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the configuration of the cascaded reactor made it possible to set up nitrification-denitrification in the same reactor
Jolibois, Boris. "Etude du risque génotoxique d'eaux usées hospitalières et urbaines." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUE04NR.
Full textMelloul, Flavie. "Étude d'un support en fibres textiles appliqué au traitement biologique des eaux résiduaires : nitrification et élimination de la DCO en filtres immergés aérobies." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120016.
Full textGonzález, Hernández Yusmel. "Modélisation et simulation d'un bioréacteur à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux usées urbaines et hospitalières." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0151/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the modelling of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) using experimental values coming from SMBR at bench and pilot scale, for the treatment of urban and hospital wastewater respectively. The main objective of this work was to develop a global model integrating a biological model and a model for membrane fouling, with upgraded precision, consistency and calibration in the description of the functioning of these systems. For this, concerning the biological model, an evolution of the Activated Sludge Model 3 (ASM3), including the simultaneous growth and substrate storage, and the bound and soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production was proposed. The concentration of these EPS joined to those of the total suspended solids (TSS) are the variables transmitted to the new version of the membrane fouling model. This last one can take into account the influence of these substances in the cake porosity. A new procedure was developed to calibrate the parameters taking into account their influence on the model and their uncertainty. This procedure used the data obtained on experimental SMBR and respirometry. It allowed the calibration and successful validation of the developed model. At the same time, a methodology was adapted for the carbon material fractionation according to the ASM models taking into account the phenomenon of substrate storage. Finally, a parametric sensitivity study was conducted, where the global model achieved to respond adequately to the perturbations of the main variables that influence on the membrane fouling process. The high correspondence obtained between numerical and experimental results, as well as the ability of the model to explain most of the cases reported in the literature, evidence the relevance of phenomena considered in the model. Thus, the developed model is justified and the interest of the phenomenological feature of the model is highlighted