Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement de gaz à haute température'
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Villot, Audrey. "Filtration par électro-précipitation des gaz issus de la gazéification de la biomasse à haute température (300-1000°C)." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS023.
Full textThe increasing global energy demand, the depletion of fossil resources and the increasing awareness about the environmental risks linked to the omissions of greenhouse gases lead to take a growing interest in “biomass energy”. In this context, the biomass is potentially one of the most profuse renewable energies and the only to be able to provide for the transportation fuel needs. Among the projected technologies for the biofuel production, in particular this so-called second generation biofuels, the thermochemical conversion of biomass has been identified as one of the most promising. It constitutes of a biomass gasification process followed by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis which has the advantage to produce biofuels directly usable. To be used in synthesis process, the gases from biomass gasification must be free of particles and impurities. For energy reasons, it is also necessary to implement a filtration process at a temperature as high as possible. To address this issue, a study on the filtration of gases from the gasification of biomass with an electrostatic precipitator at high temperature (500 -1000°C) and pressure (0,1 - 1 MPa) was conducted. A parametric study has shown the possibility to use an electrostatic precipitator under these conditions of temperature and pressure, notably thanks to antagonistic influence of these two parameters. Then, filtration tests carried out directly downstream of a gasifier demonstrated the feasibility of implementing an electrostatic precipitator to purify the synthesis gases at temperatures of up to 700/800°C. Over this temperature, existing technologies do not allowed to develop an electrostatic precipitator which will answer at the operational requirements of industrial sites of second generation biofuel production
Fourcault, Alice. "Modélisation d’un étage haute température alimenté par une torche à plasma pour la dégradation des goudrons présents dans les gaz de synthèse." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3015.
Full textBiomass and/or waste gasification produces a fuel biogas mainly composed by CO, H2, CH4, but it also includes by-products like tars. Europlasma company advises a process for tar removal assisted by plasma : the TurboPlasma®. The fuel biogas originally from a gasification unit is overheating by a plasma torch in a high temperature stage reactor. The plasma torch produces a plasma gas with a temperature higher than 4. 000 K. So the fuel gas is locally heated up to 1. 400 K, which allows an efficient degradation of almost tars, even of the heaviest. This process is modelized thanks to two numerical studies. The first one relies on a completely stirred tank reactor model, the second one uses the Fluent code. This last study allows to understand the internal aerodynamics of the reactor and to specify its design to reach the tar removal objectives. The gas that is obtained is suitable for a use in gas engine
Vounki, Brenda. "Adsorbants à base de phosphates pour l'abattement des métaux lourds en phase gazeuse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAC0015.
Full textEnvironmental standards for emissions of pollutants into the air are becoming increasingly restrictive, with new emission thresholds that must complied with. It is therefore necessary to develop and/or improve current techniques to remove heavy metals. This thesis aims to develop a calcium phosphate sorbent with controlled properties to remove heavy metals from the gas phase at high temperature (> 240°C). Although the process from getting the removal of heavy metals at low temperature (< 240°C), the one for high temperature conditions are still scarce. Initially, various syntheses of calcium phosphates were carried out to identify the influence of operating conditions on the physico-chemical and thermal properties. The liquid/solid ratio and the stirring speed proved to be the most influential parameters to control the final properties of the product. A hydroxyapatite with a specific surface area of between 90 and 100 m2/g was obtained. Based on the results obtained, the hydroxyapatite chosen for the laboratory-scale fixed-bed cadmium or lead adsorption tests was the one with the best characteristics in terms of thermal, physical, and chemical stability. Nevertheless, this manuscript mostly covered the work on cadmium adsorption. A second hydroxyapatite was also used for the adsorption tests. The adsorption tests were carried out by varying parameters such as the gas flow rate (1-3 L/h), the temperature (700-1000 °C), the contact time, the initial concentration of the pollutant and the height of the adsorbent powder bed (0.5-1.5 cm). The results demonstrated the ability of these sorbents to capture heavy metals under thermal stress (T > 700°C). Experimental data on cadmium adsorption were modelled using a mathematical approach based on the kinetics of adsorption processes and mass transfer phenomena. The model was used to predict the dynamic of cadmium adsorption on hydroxyapatite using breakthrough curves describing the cadmium concentration profile as a function of time. This work has shown that the synthesised hydroxyapatites have interesting surface, flow, thermal and thermomechanical properties, showing their possible application at high temperatures at industrial scale in a waste incineration unit
Stock, Pierre-Côme. "Etude de revêtements métalliques pour la protection des surchauffeurs d'usines d'incinération de déchets urbains." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10076.
Full textAt present, the combustion of household refuse in incineration plants leads to the forming of gas such as HC1 and SO2, which are very corrosive to the installation. Industrials today tend to use protective coating, less expensive than solid materials. This study is thus focused on this particular aspect, and is structured in three parts. In a first phase, a physico-chemical characterization of 8 coatings was carried out, which consisted of a thorough metallographic study (chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, porosity. . . ) of the various coatings deposited on low carbon steel. In a second phase, all the coatings were tested in a corrosion known as "stand by" ( a corrosion due to the rehydratation of deposits and the condensation of corrosive gas. )This study was carried out through the standard electrochemical methods, in a acid environment highly concentrated in chlorides, simulating the conditions met by the industries. In a same type of conditions the influence of the oxydes obtained after differents thermals processings (variations in the temperature and the durations) were studied. This study thus allowed us to determine which oxides give the best protection against this type of corrosion. Finally, a protocol for testing the various coatings in incineration conditions has been completed. For this purpose, three temperatures and two gas composition were used. The coatings were embedded in incinerator deposits and tested in those conditions. After these tests, the observations of the samples allowed us to go back to the degradation mechanisms and to establish a classification. This classification seems to be in good agreements with industrials tests realized in plants
Le, Guern François. "Ecoulements réactifs à hautes températures, mesures et modélisations." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077222.
Full textRoske, Laurent. "Packaging de composants grand gap haute température et haute tension." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30049/document.
Full textIn power electronics, one of the main research topics concerns high temperature operation of the components. Under such a constraint, the encapsulation and the passivation of the semiconductors devices in power module appear as physical and technological bottleneck. As a matter of fact, usual polymeric materials are unable to endure the temperature requirements set out in our study (350 °C) without significant loss of their dielectric properties. Therefore, gas insulation is considered and encouraging results have been obtained. The Discharges Inception Voltage is studied for different gases that could be used in high temperature power modules. Thanks to their dielectric properties and their low GWP, two gases have been selected: octafluoropropane (C3F8) and octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8), nitrogen (N2) being used as reference in this study. In a first step, the high temperature behaviors of the most widely used substrate materials (ceramics) are studied. A change of the conduction mechanism from a pure capacitive behavior (at low temperature) to a pure resistive one (at high temperature) is observed for both alumina and AlN samples. On the contrary, Si3N4 remains capacitive whatever the temperature. Such a behavior has an impact on the charges located at the surface. They disappear quickly for the two formers while they slowly decrease for the later. The field reinforcement associated to their existence and its impact on the DIV will not be the same. Whatever the gas under study, a local heating leads to a decrease in the DIV with temperature. A decrease of the distance between the two electrodes, leads to a decrease of the DIV changes vs Temperature. These results are compared to the measurements performed when the samples were uniformly heated. The use of gas in power packaging seems to be promising but it still needs a better understanding of the mechanisms involved
Ousegui, Abdellah. "Traitement haute pression - basse température : étude des phénomènes de transfert." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2089.
Full textMany industries are interested in the High Pressures technology, especially the food industry. High pressure thawing, which makes profitable the decrease of the temperature of the freezing point with the pressure (-22°C at 220 MPa), is one of the most innovative applications. Thawing is then faster than conventional methods and, as it is carried out at low temperature, it avoids microbial contamination. The main objective of this work consists in modelling the high pressure thawing process. The major phenomena considered are the internal transfers with phase change and the natural convection between the surface of the food and the heating medium. We firstly studied the variation of the food properties with the temperature and the pressure. The simulation was carried out at atmospheric pressure in order to validate the model developed using the CFD code CFX5. 5. The analysis of temperature and velocity fields in non stationary regime lead to some observations of the process. The predictions performed on an experimental set-up were in a good agreement with the experimental data. The influence of the pressure, heat of compression and modification of food and medium properties was then taken into account. Simulations were also validated from a thermal point of view on a pilot-scale vessel and the model was then used to study the effect of the pressure on thawing time. Lastly, a parametric study was performed in order to evaluate some modifications and to optimize the process at an industrial scale. The potential benefit of forced convection was clearly demonstrated and the study of the filling rate open the way to further works
Artizzu, Paola. "Combustion catalytique du méthane à haute température : application dans les turbines à gaz." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10261.
Full textThiévin, Jonathan. "Spectroscopie d'émission et d'absorption infrarouge en écoulements de gaz raréfiés : application aux gaz à très haute température et aux complexes moléculaires à très basse température." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S056.
Full textA high enthalpy source has been developped to heat gases up to 2000 K and to produce hypersonic flows. This prototype has been coupled to a high resolution Fourier transform interferometer for the investigation of the infrared emission of very hot gases. An experimental procedure has been developped to extract the line-by-line absorption cross sections of methane and acetylene. These data are needed to model the circumstellar envelop of brown dwarves and carbon rich stars. A multipass optical system has been designed to probe hypersonic shock layers by absorption spectroscopy. In parallel, the spectroscopy of Arn (CO2)m van der Waals complexes formed in a supersonic expansion at very low temperature was investigated
Karnis, Aurélie. "Traitement à haute pression et haute température de déchets de métaux lourds vers de nouveaux matériaux stables." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551293.
Full textVariot, Bruno. "Modélisation des transferts de chaleur par rayonnement dans les systèmes gaz-solide à haute température." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0165.
Full textHervier, Zéline. "Étude d'alliages de titane haute température : microstructure, fluage, corrosion sous contraite." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPT075H.
Full textFuture turbine engine applications require titanium parts to wishstand higher temperatures. This requires optimising the thermomechanical treatments of the parts in order to improve their creep life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure, creep life and stress corrosion cracking properties of the titanium alloy. The observation of the microstructure reveals that the rate of cooling has a great influence on the primary alpha content, especially if it is a high temperature heat treatment : the diffusion controls the growth of the primary alpha. The study of creep is based on the drawing of iso-primary creep strain, iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-creep-life lines in a stress - temperature field. Regarding their creep properties, the gain obtained with the ,-forged Ti6242 on the •/, forged is small, compared to the gain obtained with the •/, forged IMI834. From the plot of iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-time to rupture, numerical models to predict the steady strain rate and time to rupture at each stress and temperature are identified and discussed. The stress corrosion cracking properties are also evaluated
Grisch, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude du rayonnement haute température des gaz de combustion en situation de couche limite." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES010.
Full textBaylet, Alexandre. "Oxydation du méthane à basse et haute température, application de procédés plasma et/ou catalyse." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/26682/2008-Baylet-Alexandre-These.pdf.
Full textThis research work deals with CH4 oxidation coming from road transport, CH4 being a well-known greenhouse gas, with CH4 removal from exhaust gas of Diesel engine. Total CH4 oxidation has been studied : - At low temperature by Plasma/Catalysis process : from all the systems tested, the combination of a coaxial DBD non-thermal plasma combined with Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in POST-plasma position allows to convert 30 % of CH4 with an energy of 225 J. L-1 (Q=600 mL. Min-1, N2/O2/CO2/H2O/0. 5%CH4, T=250 °C, H=150 mm) while minimising O3 production and avoiding NOx production. However, the power consumed (> kW) is too significant for prospective vehicle applications. - At low temperature on Pd/Al2O3 catalysts (light-off temperature) : the re-oxidation step of Pd° is faster on small particles but CH4 activation is more difficult due to stabilization of small PdO particles by the support. A series of reductant pulses (CH4 or C3H6) in isothermal conditions allows to activate the catalyst and to reach a maximum of conversion. - At high temperature on Pd/(modified oxide) catalysts (peak at high temperature) : (La, Sr, Ba, Mn) doped alumina preparation with a specific surface area of 50 m2. G-1 allows to reach 90 % of CH4 conversion at 700 °C and to maintain an excellent thermal stability. A Mars and van-Krevelen mechanism, with oxygen transfer from support to palladium particles is proposed in order to explain catalytic activity and thermal stability differences in comparison to the Pd/Al2O3 reference catalyst
Legrand, Anne-Claire. "Thermographie multispectrale haute et basse température : application au contrôle non destructif." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS014.
Full textLanglois, Stéphane. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale des intensités des raies de H20 et CO2 à haute température." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0254.
Full textMouti, Mostafa. "Etude de la relaxation vibrationnelle dans un écoulement gazeux à haute température : couplage vibration-dissociation, application aux mélanges." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11039.
Full textNozahic, Françoise. "Production de gaz de synthèse par interactions à haute température du gaz, des goudrons et du résidu carboné issus de la pyrolyse de biomasses." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7688/1/nozahic.pdf.
Full textAudebert, Philippe. "Contribution a l'étude de l'évaporation d'une particule sphérique liquide, en mouvement relatif dans un gaz à haute température." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2262.
Full textColbert, Mehdi. "Etude du comportement de gaz rares dans une matrice céramique à haute température : Modélisation par approches semi-empiriques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4066/document.
Full textYeugo, Fogaing Edwige. "Caractérisation à haute température des propriétés d'élasticité de réfractaires électrofondus et de bétons réfractaires." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f546e23e-57e8-4c20-a1d0-0b58d72417db/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0061.pdf.
Full textThe present work has been realized as part of the national research programme (PROMETHEREF) and deals with ultrasonic measurements of the variations at high temperature of the Young's modulus of several industrial refractory materials, namely, refractory castables and fused-cast refractories. These materials, considered as representatives of two important classes of refractories, allowed the idenfification of several influential parameters related to microstructural evolutions due to thermal treatments. These latters tend to cause especially damages, because of thermal expansion mismatches between the phases, but also the appearance at high temperature of vitreous phases that favour the healing of defects. These phenomena could mostly be identified in heteregoneous refractory materials. In addition, the mechanical behaviour of materials was found to be very sensitive to the thermal history
Couhert, Carole. "Pyrolyse flash à haute température de la biomasse ligno-cellulosique et de ses composés : production de gaz de synthèse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271260.
Full textVrinat, Mathieu. "Contribution au développement d’un absorbeur surfacique à air pressurisé haute température pour centrale solaire à concentration à tour." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1030.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis, carried out in partnership between LITEN-LETH laboratory at CEA of Grenoble and CNRS-PROMES laboratory in Odeillo, was to contribute to the development of a high temperature pressurized air metallic surface absorber technology for hybrid solar gas turbine tower (HSGT). An objective of 750°C for the outlet air temperature has been settled. The envisaged absorber is relying on technological breakthroughs in the field of high temperature compact heat exchangers. Two technologies have been selected subsequently to a literature review : the Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger technology (PCHE) proposed by the manufacturer Heatric, and an innovative technology developed internally at LITEN. Thermal hydraulic simulations were carried out to understand the behavior of each technology under a high concentrated solar flux and to determine respective performances (determination of thermal hydraulic correlations) and limitations. A 10 kWth absorber mock up has been designed and manufactured for each technology. It was then experimentally characterized under high concentrated solar flux (up to 400 kW/m²). The PCHE mock up produced air at outlet temperature up to 800 ° C with an experimental heat transfer coefficient of 2300 W/m². K The LITEN mock up, despite a wall temperature limited to 600°C, heated the air up to 488°C with good thermal performances reaching 1300 W/m². K. The results obtained during this PhD work resulted in the recommendation of a technology and in the design of a solar absorber module intended to integrate the futur air solar receiver Mini Pegase, within the french research program called Pegase on the Themis solar site in Targassonne
Chung, Chian Javier Ricardo. "Stratégies de séchage à haute température pour le bois à valeur ajoutée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23612/23612.pdf.
Full textDal, Pont Stefano. "Lien entre la perméabilité et l'endommagement dans les bétons à haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001001.
Full textScutaru, Dragos. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale de l'absorption infrarouge par CO2 à haute température : application à des modèles de rayonnement des gaz." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0352.
Full textArayro, Jack. "Etude théorique de bulles de gaz rares dans une matrice céramique à haute température : modélisation par des approches semi-empiriques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4117/document.
Full textUranium dioxide UO2 is the standard fuel in nuclear pressurized water reactors (PWR). During the operation of the reactor the fuel pellets undergo thermal and mechanical stresses. For this reason it is very important to understand these thermomechanical properties of this system both in normal operation conditions and accidental situations (300 to 2000K). During fission reactions of uranium, rare gases such as xenon are produced within the fuel. Due to their low solubility, these gases will either be released or form intra- and inter-granular bubbles inside the UO2. The presence of these bubbles in the fuel has an impact on the thermomechanical properties of the latter. We focus in this thesis on the study of intragranularbubbles and their impact on the thermomechanical properties of UO2 , through modeling at the atomic scale. At this scale, intragranular bubbles take the shape of an octahedron, presenting mainly (111) and (100) facets. Given the complexity of the study of the stability of this octahedron, we have simplified the problem in order to study it in a more systematic way and to decouple the various effects. First, the stability of (100) and (111) extended surfaces of UO2 and microscructural modifications generated by their relaxation were studied. In a second step, we dermined adsorption isotherms of xenon on these relaxed surfaces, and compared them to the incorporation ones inside an empty box in order to isolate surface effects. A specific attention has been given to the microstructure of xenon in these systems. Finally, an analysis of the mechanical properties (pressure and stress profiles near by the surface)
Houngninou, Christelle. "Traitements de surface de matériaux métalliques par cémentation en caisse : étude de la réactivité à haute température." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS064.
Full textIndustrial applications need the development of materials which can resist in aggressive atmospheres at elevated temperatures. Aluminide compounds are the most effective materials at very high temperatures. Nevertheless, these alloys exhibit limited room temperature mechanical properties, which can be improved by the application of a surface treatment. As a consequence, this work is aimed at the elaboration of aluminide compounds by modification of stainless steel surface using a pack cementation process. Some of these materials are also doped with yttrium oxide which is introduced by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The high temperature oxidation behaviour of the as aluminised alloys has been studied by submitting the materials to isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests. The role of the reactive element has also been analysed
Voicu, Raluca. "Évolution microstructurale à haute température et propriétés mécaniques d'aciers austénitiques Fe-Cr-Ni." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT132G.
Full textThe HP40-Nb modified austenitic stainless-steels are used for reformer tubes fabrication in the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer industries, and especially by Air Liquide for cracking reaction of hydrogen. These tubes are the main components of hydrogen production plants. The tubes are designed for exploitation duration of around 11 years. Nevertheless, the operation of the facilities under more severe conditions leads to a greatly decreases the lifetime of these components. These tubes are prone to various degradation mechanisms. The combination of factors such as local overheating, a complex stress field (induced by the heat, the internal gas pressure and weight of the tubes), a corrosive environment inside and an oxidant atmosphere outside of the tubes can lead to premature rupture, braking of these parts. The objective of this study is to understand the coupling between the microstructural aging and mechanical behaviour in creep regime in order to establish a new criterion for end of life of reformer tubes. Microstructural examinations of aged structures have allowed to highlight the effect of several important factors, like the chemical composition and the environment, and to establish a TTT diagram for these steel grades. The systematic study of the creep mechanical behaviour has enabled to identify several factors that influence the lifetime of these alloys, like aging and a change of creep mechanism when passaging from high to low stress levels. Metallographic observations and quantification of the damage confirmed the creep tests results. A criterion for the end of life has been established by integrating these data. Finally, we proposed two thermal loading protocols to optimize the time to rupture of these tubes
Chamorro, Perez Eva Maria. "Les volatils dans le manteau terrestre : étude expérimentale à haute pression et haute température ; l'exemple de l'argon et du carbone." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10178.
Full textDawi, Kamel. "Corrosion à haute température de fontes GS à matrice ferritique et austénitique sous atmosphères complexes." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1803.
Full textNuzzo, Manon. "Influence de l'environnement gazeux sur les performances électrochimiques de cellules à oxyde solide (SOC) en mode Electrolyse à Haute Température (EHT)." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066141.
Full textHigh Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE) is a promising technology for hydrogen production, leading candidate as future fuel. However, massive hydrogen production remains difficult considering the fast performance degradation of solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC) mainly due to extreme experimental conditions (high working temperature (700-1000°C), oxidising atmosphere, high current density). In these conditions, degradation is due to reactivity between SOEC components, evolution of their microstructure and internal stresses emphasized by temperature and gas composition gradients. This work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the gaseous environment on electrochemical performance on SOEC in HTSE mode and to the development of a homogeneous method for gas distribution over the SOEC surface to enable a more uniform cells operation and limit internal stresses. Commercial electrolyte supported cells are studied (Ni/CGO–3YSZ–LSM/YSZ). First to start with, the SOEC electrochemical behaviour is studied with a traditional experimental set-up. Electrochemical characterisations are carried out in situ through chronopotentiometry and impedance spectroscopy. Secondly, new specific experimental sets-up were developed in order to vary the homogeneity of the gas distribution over the hydrogen electrode. To finish with, the influence of the gas distribution method has been studied on the initial electrochemical behaviour and then on the SOEC durability
Lasserre-Gagnaire, Marina. "Modélisation des phénomènes de corrosion du Zircaloy-4 sous mélanges oxygène-azote à haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949122.
Full textDemarthon, Romain. "Modélisation et simulation d’un étage haute température pour la purification d’un gaz chargé en goudrons et en particules carbonées par assistance plasma." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3001/document.
Full textIn order to contest to the high world demand for primary energy, the Europlasma group developed a new process, called CHO-Power, to enhance the thermochemical potential of a mixture of urban waste and biomass residues. One of the characteristics of this process is the use of a high temperature reactor assisted by a plasma torch for tar and soots thermal cracking. The aim of this study to improve the knowledge of the global reaction mechanism involved during the thermal treatment of gas. In this context, a pilot plant reactor was designed and built on the Europlasma Research and Development Center. During this work, the reaction pathway used to represent tars cracking at high temperature has been enhanced. Coupled to a computational fluid Dynamics Software, allow simulating the complex processes occurring within the reactor (aeraulics, reaction, and heat transfer). Two major changes were made to the simplified kinetic model previously used: the modeling of a discrete and reactive phase to take into account the possible particle gasification of carbonaceous residues and the addition of new reaction pathways to enhance the modeling of the formation of soot and its precursors. The comparison between the experimental and numerical values will validate or not the global reaction scheme and will give important information about the next evolution of the tar degradation scheme
Rabillaud, Fabienne. "Réactivité à haute température des fibres de carbone en atmosphère oxydante : effets de gaz inertes et du chlore sur la cinétique d'oxydation." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0188.
Full textMaminska, Karolina. "Optimisation microstructurale d’un acier HP pour des applications à haute température." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0696/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to optimise the microstructure of a creep-resistant alloy of the type HP, called “C” (industrial denomination). These austenitic steels are used for the manufacture of reformer tubes. The microstructural evolution of the alloy "C" has been studied in a wide range of temperatures, ranging from 700 to 1040 °C for aging times up to 1000 h. The characterization of these aged states was performed using electron microscopy (FEG-SEM, TEM) and X-ray diffraction, with emphasis on a detailed characterization of this secondary precipitation. This knowledge was then used to identify the optimal thermal conditions for the refinement of precipitation to improve the macroscopic behaviour of the alloy. The precipitation kinetics was modelled using the PRISMA ThermoCalc. A good agreement between simulation and experimental measurements has been obtained.In the studied range of temperature, the secondary precipitation consists mainly of two carbides M23C6 (M = Cr, Fe) and NbC. In the service conditions (980°C), the growth of M23C6 is fast. The coalescence of the precipitates starts after only 200h of aging. Aging at lower temperatures (700-750°C) refines this precipitation. Our study showed the efficacy of pre-treatment of the alloy at low temperatures, before the service of the material at 980°C. In the alloy "C", treated in such conditions, a significant increase in creep resistance was obtained in accelerated testing. In addition to refinement of the secondary precipitation and delaying the effects of coalescence of M23C6, the presence of a nanoscale precipitation of NbC on dislocation lines is probably the origin of this effect
Chauvet, Thierry. "Possibilités d'inversion de population et d'émission laser dans l'ultraviolet du vide d'un excimère ionique gaz-rare/alcalin excité à haute pression et haute température par un faisceau d'électrons relativistes." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11366.
Full textPlennevaux, Cécile. "Etude des risques de corrosion et de rupture différée des aciers en présence d'H2S dans les conditions d'exploration de pétrole et de gaz à haute pression et haute température." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0101.
Full textThe production of high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) wells has considerably increased in the last decade. It is therefore needed to reassess the risks of corrosion in always more severe environments. This work was three fold to better assess the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in these environments. Firstly, there was a need to improve prediction methods for the evaluation of HP/HT environments severity, especially the in situ pH calculation. A model was which taking into account the non-ideal behaviour of gas and liquid phases in equilibrium. The determination of the in situ pH and the acid gas fugacity at high pressure and high temperature is more accurate. In a second part of the work, the impact of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) on surface reactions and hence on the risk of SSC was examined. Electrochemical and hydrogen permeation measurements in the absence of an iron sulphide film showed that CO2 induces an increase of both cathodic reactions kinetics and hydrogen charging in the steel, especially at low H2S partial pressure (PH2S). In the last part of this work, SSC tests were performed at constant pH and constant PH2S, with various PCO2 from 0 to 100 bar. The objective was to experimentally confirm that increasing PCO2 increases the SSC risk, as inferred from the electrochemical study. Unfortunately, experimental artefacts linked with autoclave test conditions did not lead to clear conclusions on this point. However, this work shows that conventional tools might lead to underestimate SSC risks at high PCO2 and low PH2S. In these specific conditions, the new results presented in this report may contribute to improve materials selection criteria for high pressure and high temperature conditions
Plennevaux, Cécile. "Etude des risques de corrosion et de rupture différée des aciers en présence d'H2S dans les conditions d'exploration de pétrole et de gaz à haute pression et haute température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0101.
Full textThe production of high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) wells has considerably increased in the last decade. It is therefore needed to reassess the risks of corrosion in always more severe environments. This work was three fold to better assess the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in these environments. Firstly, there was a need to improve prediction methods for the evaluation of HP/HT environments severity, especially the in situ pH calculation. A model was which taking into account the non-ideal behaviour of gas and liquid phases in equilibrium. The determination of the in situ pH and the acid gas fugacity at high pressure and high temperature is more accurate. In a second part of the work, the impact of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) on surface reactions and hence on the risk of SSC was examined. Electrochemical and hydrogen permeation measurements in the absence of an iron sulphide film showed that CO2 induces an increase of both cathodic reactions kinetics and hydrogen charging in the steel, especially at low H2S partial pressure (PH2S). In the last part of this work, SSC tests were performed at constant pH and constant PH2S, with various PCO2 from 0 to 100 bar. The objective was to experimentally confirm that increasing PCO2 increases the SSC risk, as inferred from the electrochemical study. Unfortunately, experimental artefacts linked with autoclave test conditions did not lead to clear conclusions on this point. However, this work shows that conventional tools might lead to underestimate SSC risks at high PCO2 and low PH2S. In these specific conditions, the new results presented in this report may contribute to improve materials selection criteria for high pressure and high temperature conditions
Benachour, Mohand. "Conception et étude d'un absorbeur à base d'un venturi haute énergie en vue du traitement de gaz acides par voie semi-sèche." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL086N.
Full textLebel, Florimonde. "Étude des phénomènes de corrosion à haute température en environnement type UVED : développement d’un pilote laboratoire et quantification des paramètres clés gouvernant les mécanismes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10012/document.
Full textMunicipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) allows reducing the disposal volume and creates energy from a waste source. Waste to Energy (WTE) plants are equipped with heat exchangers that recover the heat produced from burning solid waste through metallic tubes inside steam circulates. The municipal solid waste combustion generates highly corrosive flue gas containing species like HCl, SO2, alkali and metals chlorides and ashes containing alkali chlorides and sulphates. Moreover, velocity of flue-gas containing ashes can influence the tube degradation. An innovative laboratory-scale corrosion pilot, which reproduces MSWI boilers conditions, was built. The temperature gradient at flue-gas/tube interface and the velocity of flue-gas throughout the tubes are reproduced. This way, the material degradations are simulated, as realistic as possible. The main parameters responsible of the materials corrosion were studied and controlled: temperature difference between gases and metallic tube, partial pressure of HCl and SO2 and ash composition. In order to evaluate the material degradation during the corrosion tests, some parameters were carefully observed: corrosion rate, identification of the corrosion products and the thickness of different corrosion layers. The analysis of the results led to the identification of two corrosion mechanisms: at low temperature the corrosion is caused by the gas phase (high amounts of HCl increase corrosion rates, while SO2 contents tend to reduce), at high temperature the corrosion is caused by the action of melted phases. Finally, results showed that the corrosion rate is enhanced by the presence of alkali chloride in the ashes
Alshunaifi, Ibrahim. "Caractérisation de la concentration et de la température d'un nuage de gaz par thermographie infrarouge : application à l'analyse des effluents gazeux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100025/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the cratering of the temperature and the concentration of a gas cloud. The Infrared thermography is the means used at first to detect passive and second step in quantifying the target gas. After analyzing the parameters involved in the equation of radiatif transfer of gas, the study presents the simulation result from several sources (engines, gas leak ...). Different ways of improvement of imaging data by a camera are available : optical filtering in one or two wavelengths, temporal filtering by frequency analysis. hyperspectral equipment was also developed from the combination of a Fourier transform spectrometer with the "detector" a matrix camera sensitive in the infrared. All solutions can save a factor of 10 to 50 on the detection of sources. A quantitative example is finally proposed : determining the volume of CO2 exhaled by an athlete during an effort. This volume increases during exercise. This work therefore leads to non-contact measurement applications in biometrics
Vialas, Nadia. "Étude de la détérioration par oxydation haute température et interdiffusion de systèmes revêtement-superalliage à base de nickel. Prévision de durée de vie." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001125/.
Full textAicart, Jérôme. "Modélisation et validation expérimentale d'un co-électrolyseur de la vapeur d'eau et du dioxyde de carbone à haute température." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI095/document.
Full textThis work investigates the high temperature co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 in Solid OxideCells. A detailed model was developed, encompassing electrochemical, chemical, thermal andmass transfer phenomena, and introducing a macroscopic representation of the co-electrolysismechanism. This model allows predicting the performances and outlet compositions in singlecell and stack environments. An experimental validation protocol was implemented on twotypes of commercial Cathode Supported Cells, ranging from polarization curves, obtained insingle and co-electrolysis modes, to micro gas analyses. These tests aimed both at determiningthe different exchange current densities, representative of the kinetics of electrochemicalreactions, and validating the simulated cell global behavior and mechanism proposed.Comprehensive analysis of the simulations led to the identification of limiting processes andpaths for optimization, as well as to the establishment of co-electrolysis operating maps
Souroullas, Charalambos. "Utilisation des changements d'état solide/liquide pour obtenir une cinétique de refroidissement contrôlée de pièces métallurgiques à haute température." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0013.
Full textRicoul, François. "Association d'un procédé de gazéification avec une pile à combustion haute température (SOFC) pour la production d'électricité à partir de biomasse." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4023/document.
Full textThe SOFC, which operates between 700 and 800°C, is appropriate to convert the gas from biomass gasification into electricity. Its high electrical yield (50 - 60%) could double those of current CHP plants using gasification process. The objective of our work is to prove experimentally the feasibility of coupling SOFC and biomass gasification. This thesis is associated with ValorPac project in partnership with Institut des Matériaux of Nantes, S3D Company, Ecole des Mines of Nantes, Fiaxell and SAS Syngas compa nies and supported by ARNT and ADEME. During our work, a gasification pilot plant was built according to a patented concept. Its operation with 7 kg.h - 1 of wood chips and 10 kg.h - 1 of wood pellets was tested successfully. An average composition of 14% CO, 15% H 2 , 20% CO 2 , 1% CH 4 and 49% N 2 , was obtained. In parallel, operation of SOFC cells with gases similar to those of biomass gasification has been proved. Results showed that some ppmv of H 2 S lead to a 20% decrease of cell's power while 100 ppmv of HCl doesn’t affect the electrochemical reactions. Our work confirmed the use of Bauxaline® to eliminate H 2 S at high temperature. This material is an industrial byproduct derived from alu mina extraction which contains 50% of iron oxides. A content of 200 ppmv H 2 S can be reduced to 8 ppmv for several hours. Treatment capacity was estimated at 70 gS.kg - 1 with a breakthrough of 1 ppmv and an operating temperature of 400°C
Kroemer, Eric. "Etude du déplacement collisionnel de la fréquence d'horloge du césium en présence du gaz tampon hélium ou xénon. Applications pour microcellules à haute température." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2047/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study on collisional shift of cesium clock frequency in the presence of helium or xenon buffer gas. Introduction of buffer gas in alkaline vapour cells is necessary to narrow the CPT line-width by Dicke effect. Nevertheless, buffer gas induces a quadratic shift of the clock frequency versus temperature cell. Cancellation of collisional shift temperature dependence is possible at a so-called inversion temperature depending on the buffer gas ratio. This inversion temperature is great working point for micro atomic clocks. This temperature is required to be 90 or even 100 °C, especially to work in harsh environmental constraints. We measured collisional shift coefficients of cesium clock frequency in presence of helium buffer gas and we determined for the first time the value of the quadratic coefficient. About xenon buffer gas, the measurement of collisional shift coefficients is more difficult because of non-expected cubic behavior of collisional clock frequency shift which could be linked to the interaction with van der Waals molecules. We established that a neon-helium buffer gas mixture could allow an inversion temperature superior to more than 80 °C. Inversion temperatures from 89 to 94 °C are measured in cesium vapor microcells filled with a mixture containing a few percent of helium
Yoboue, N'Goran Pamela. "Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur de gaz à oxyde métallique: développement d'une plateforme chauffante haute température et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509149.
Full textLeray, Alexis. "Identification des mécanismes physico-chimiques impliqués dans le post-traitement plasma des gaz d'échappement et études comparatives des différentes technologies plasma." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2049.
Full textThe new HCCI combustion mode is well adapted to improve nitrogen oxide and particulate matter reduction from Diesel engine in order to meet future emission regulations adopted in the Euro zone. However, HCCI engines emit relatively high amounts of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide due to lower engine exhaust temperature increasing the catalyst light-off time and decreasing the average efficiency of the Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). In this environmental and economic context, the combination of plasma with DOC has been considered especially for intermittent use during the cold start. The thesis presents the combination of nonthermal plasma upstream Diesel oxidation catalyst (Pt-Pd/Al2O3) applied to the treatment of simulating Diesel HCCI exhaust gas (O2-NO-H2O-CO-CO2-CH4-C3H6-C7H8-C10H22-N2). The studies were conducted at atmospheric pressure with a pilot-scale dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD) on two experimental devices. The first is a laboratory scale set-up (low flow rate : 20 Lmin−1) used to understand the physico-chemical involving the plasma and the catalyst by focusing on the by-products reactions. The second is an industrial scale (gas flow rate up to 260 Lmin−1) used to study the feasibility and the efficiency of the plasma-DOC system under conditions similar to those encountered in Diesel exhaust engine. The effects of the plasma, the DOC and the plasma-DOC systems on the exhaust gas have been investigated under various conditions. The main contribution of the plasma was to give a « thermal » and a chemical « push » to the DOC resulting in the decrease of light-off temperature for CO and HC oxidation. These improvements were shown to depend on the treatment conditions (injected energy i.e. energy density, space velocity, gas temperature and nature of the driving cycle). It is shown that for a simulated European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the combination of plasma upstream DOC reduces the cumulative mass of CO and hydrocarbons by about 68% and 42%, respectively, in accordance with the Euro 6 standard (2014). The efficiency of plasma for hydrocarbons and NO oxidation at low temperature in high flow conditions (up to 900 Lmin−1 on the NEDC) has been confirmed and the main reaction products identified and quantified
Janisson, Stéphane. "Etude des jets de plasma et du traitement des particules en projection plasma avec mélanges ternaires de gaz en atmosphère et température contrôlées." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0046.
Full textThis work deals with the use of ternary gas mixtures Ar-He-H2 for plasma spraying, in controlled atmosphere and temperature. These ternary gas mixtures were used to spray boron carbide powder in argon atmosphere at ambient pressure. The various sub-systems that make up the whole plasma spraying process have been studied : (i) plasma jet formation in the anode-nozzle, (ii) plasma flow outside the gun, (iii) plasma/particle interactions and (iv) coating formation. .