Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement d'images – Aspect médical'
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González, Obando Daniel Felipe. "From digital to computational pathology for biomarker discovery." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5185.
Full textHistopathology aims to analyze images of biological tissues to assess the pathologi¬cal condition of an organ and to provide a diagnosis. The advent of high-resolution slide scanners has opened the door to new possibilities for acquiring very large im¬ages (whole slide imaging), multiplexing stainings, exhaustive extraction of visual information and large scale annotations. This thesis proposes a set of algorith¬mic methods aimed at facilitating and optimizing these different aspects. First, we propose a multi-scale registration method of multi-labeled histological images based on the properties of B-splines to model, in a continuous way, a discrete image. We then propose new approaches to perform morphological analysis on weakly simple polygons generalized by straight-line graphs. They are based on the formalism of straight skeletons (an approximation of curved skeletons defined by straight segments), built with the help of motorcycle graphs. This structure makes it possible to perform mathematical morphological operations on polygons. The precision of operations on noisy polygons is obtained by refining the construction of straight skeletons. We also propose an algorithm for computing the medial axis from straight skeletons, showing it is possible to approximate the original polygonal shape. Finally, we explore weighted straight skeletons that allow directional mor¬phological operations. These morphological analysis approaches provide consistent support for improving the segmentation of objects through contextual information and performing studies related to the spatial analysis of interactions between dif¬ferent structures of interest within the tissue. All the proposed algorithms are optimized to handle gigapixel images while assuring analysis reproducibility, in particular thanks to the creation of the Icytomine plugin, an interface between Icy and Cytomine
Salahuddin, Nur Sultan. "Conception de détecteurs CMOS optimisés pour l’imagerie gamma : application au domaine médical." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS026.
Full textThis work is an investigation about the response of integrated photodiodes and the design of processing circuit of the PSPMT. In the first part of this thesis, we studied several photodiodes sensors including current mirror amplifiers. These photodiodes have been fabricated using a CMOS 0. 6m process from Austria Mikro System (AMS). Each pixel sensor in the array occupies respectively, 1mm x 1mm area, 0. 5mm x 0. 5mm area and 0. 2mm x 0. 2mm area with fill factor 98 % and total chip area is 2 square millimeters. The pixels show a logarithmic response in illumination and are capable of detecting very low green light emitting diode (less than 0. 5 lux). In order to improve sensitivity of our pixels, the we studied in the second part, vertical and lateral photodiodes structures. For this, a new architecture of pixels with a better response in the blue wavelength has been designed. Each sensor pixel in the array occupies respectively, 1mm x 1mm area, 0. 4mm x 0. 4mm area and 0. 2mm x 0. 2mm area with fill factor 98 % and total chip area is also 2 square millimeters and implemented using a CMOS 0. 6m process. The pixels of this second sensor show also a logarithmic response in illumination and are capable of detecting very low blue wavelength (420 nm) with power spectral close to 13 nWatt/mm2. These results allow to use our sensor in new Gamma Camera solid-state concept. In the third part, we designed 4x4 matrix thin-film-transistor (TFT) arrays using current mirror amplifiers. Advantages of current mirror amplifiers are they need less requiring switches and the conversion time is short. The 4x4 TFTs arrays using current mirror circuits have been fabricated using CMOS 0. 6m process and tested with success. The TFTs array can directly process signals coming from 16 pixels in the same node. This enables us to make the summation of the light intensities of close pixels during a reading
Levillain, Laurence. "Piqûres d'hyménoptères et allergie : mécanismes immunologiques, traitement et prophylaxie." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P076.
Full textKouanfack, Charles. "Accès au traitement antirétroviral en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T024.
Full textAlthough access to Antiretroviral therapy for Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) in low income countries has been increasing, there still remain many challenges. In this framework our thesis carried in Cameroon was based on patient adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), HIV reistance to ART and decentralization of ART availability to district rural hospitals. We demonstrated that adherencemeasured using a face-te-face questionnaire (classical methode) does not correlate with the virological response when compared to plasma concentration measurement of medication. On the other hand our study of resistance of HIV to ART revealed a relatively low level of resistance (4,4% after 12 months and 16,9% after 24 months of treatment) in patients follow-up on a routine basis, that the WHO recommended second line ART regimens were efficient in almost all the patients (96%) with previous major resistance, and that the WHO recommended threshold for viral load to switch ART regimens in case of therapeutic failure in the absence of resistance test was adequate in 70% of cases. Finally, we observed that 1/4 of patients placed on ART based on WHO recommended criteria for decentralized zones had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/ml
Masse, Jean-François. "Applications dentaires du logiciel Photoshop." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18089.
Full textAmri, Hedi. "Un nouveau protocole basé sur la réduction et l'agrandissement des images REPro (Reduction/Expansion Protocol) : appliccation : transmission et archivage pour le télédiagnostic médical." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2059.
Full textThe exchang of medical exchange is one of the major obstacles in a telemedicine
Dombre, Julien. "Systèmes de représentation multi-échelles pour l'indexation et la restauration d'archives médiévales couleur." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2314.
Full textOur work has been motivated by a practical problem aiming at seeking objects within images and in particular in image databases of medieval frescos. The developed tools will have to help the art historians in their daily work in enabling retrieving of similar images or objects in the group of the images they have. This study is consequently within the framework of content based image retrieval. In order to solve this problem, the traditional methods are ineffective because they characterize the images as a whole without taking the arrangement of the objects which composes them into account. Suggested method describes the image by a pyramidal graph. The images are considered to be made up complex objects in relationship. A algorithm computes several coherent segmentations isolating the objects and theirs parts. Then, the adjacency graphs of the various levels are linked in order to obtain the pyramidal graph of the image. Within this high-level representation structure, we characterize each region most correctly as possible using its color, its texture and its shape. Various algorithms are finally proposed to use these descriptions of the objects, the spatial and the pyramidal informations of the representation in order to determine the similarity between images or to detect similar objects within the database. Many experimental examples illustrate this manuscript and show that this approach is overall more powerful than the existing systems
Castel, Nathalie. "Conditions photométriques de visibilité des objets et de leur détection sur écran." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL314.
Full textObject visibility and detection are important issues, particularly for visual displays ergonomic guidelines. A better knowledge of the relationships betweeen displays physical factors and detection performance can contribute to improve quality and cost of the devices used to simulate tasks where visual factors are essential. After a review of the factors (perceptive and physical), the work suggests that target detection performance can be predicted using a photometric model based on the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the device. Two types of experiments have been designed to verify this hypothesis: the first one with a photo-simulation paradigm and the second with a video-simulation paradigm. In both cases two aspects are developped: a physical analysis of the visual device mtf characteristics and a study of the human detection responses. The results obtained in the photo-simulation experiment show that the distance at which the MTF curve stabilizes can be considered as a predictor of the liminar value, performed by subjects who are already skilled in target detection and acquisition. The reported data confirm the hypothesis except when targets are decoys. In this case, it is argued that their photometric signatures constitue sufficient cues that permit trained subjects to recognize and identify a decoy well before detecting the other targets. The mtf features of the video-simulation device have been measured using sinewave grating charts, composed of black and white bars with various contrasts, directions and spatial frequencies. The photometric data point out that the modulation transfer is much better in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction. This inter-directional variation is also observed in the subjects' responses, notably in the range of the middle and high frequencies. Using such grating charts has led to propose a theorical model that permits to predict the distance at which a target can be detected. The subjects' responses confirm the predictions outcomed from this model. The experimental data show that mtf is a satisfactory reference to predict target detection performance. In the last part of the thesis, these data are discussed with regard to other models (Johnson criteria and signal detection theory). Finally, conclusions are drawn on the limits of a model based on MTF
Rialle, Vincent. "Aide au diagnostic et à l'apprentissage dans un domaine médical incertain, incomplet et évolutif : étude des méthodes existantes et proposition d'une méthodologie nouvelle." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325679.
Full textRialle, Vincent. "Aide au diagnostic et à l'apprentissage dans un domaine médical incertain, incomplet et évolutif : étude des méthodes existantes et proposition d'une méthodologie nouvelle." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00325679.
Full textLuguern, Duncan. "Nouvelle approche pour l'estimation du rythme respiratoire basée sur la photopléthysmographie sans contact." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK005.
Full textRespiratory rhythm is important information in medical context.Its assessment allows to predict some medical complications that could lead to death.However, it is often neglected by the medical staff due to a bad comprehension of its importance, or a lack of time.Automated measurement methods allow to improve this by continuously giving respiratory rate.Most of these methods needs a contact with the patient to efficiently measure the breathing rate.Unfortunately it leads to some issues which could forbid measurement or make it unconfortable for continuous monitoring.The continuous, every-day monitoring especially needs to be as discrete as possible to be forgotten by the patient.To deal with these drawbacks, several non contact respiratory rate assessment methods are currently developped.In these methods, the remote photoplethysmography uses the color variation of the skin due to blood volume in capillaries to obtain a cardiac and respiratory correlated signal.In this thesis, we focused on improving the respiratory rate measurement using remote photoplethysmography.To do this, we developped some methods whose goals are to efficiently combine color signals that were extracted from the video to obtain a single signal that maximizes the breathing information.In a second part, we developped a processing pipeline to assess the breathing rate from all informations that could be extracted from remote photoplethysmography signals.The processing pipeline was tested with state of the art combination methods and the methods that were developped during the thesis
Suret-Canale, Michel. "D'un atelier à l'autre : au regard des faits." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010641.
Full textThe thesis consists of a critical self-analysis and the clarification of the dialectical relationship (theoretical practical) supporting the artistic work of the author. The aim of this research, formalised by a dialogue between sight and vision, could be resumed as follows : in an image, to show that part which is shadow, the blindness from which one's viewpoint emerges and of which the critical image preserves the memory. The objective, uncertain, is to succed, both through the successive hybridzation of techniques and critical reflection, in the creation of composite images. Composite images, images which attest banally to a ça a été, everyday images that have rid themselves of the strategic stakes of art, free to return to a common ground, not on the grounds of artistic cliche, but rather the common ground of everday life, espace de ressemblement ; because once idle, the image comes to resemble us, to bring us together. Failure is not feared, it appears, to the contrary, to be a necessary condition to the succes of the project
Sauvegrain, Priscille. "Différence de traitement et traitements différientiels : les trajectoires de soins des femmes "africaines" en maternité publique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070019.
Full textThis PhD research analyses the process of ethnic and racial categorisation of patients by care providers, in public maternity hospitals, in Paris area. Even if these criteria are not the only ones used by the medical staff, we show, based on examples of "African"-perceived women, that they can impact their medical course. Both a qualitative research (interviews of care providers acting in maternities, interviews of patients, and moments of participant observation) and a quantitative research (statistics about 2200 deliveries in a Parisian maternity in 2006), have been used. A cross perspective is adopted. We confront the construction of otherness by medical staffs with the point of view of the women. We show the limits of this type of categorisation, influenced by socioeconomic issues and the "black"-skin recognition. Then, potential discriminations on access to health services are considered. We show that differential treatments proposed to reduce social inequalities in health, may also increase them. It also appears that the initial categorisation of women as "African" concedes them margins of negotiation, with positive or mixed results. Finally, we show how the image of the "African mother", echoing to the collective imaginary of women roles in newborn's care, contributes to the reproduction of a gendered and racial social order in France. The various aspects of discrimination we describe are not necessarily intentional, but we constantly show how sociological analyses help deconstructing medical stereotypes or ideologies that have been embodied by the medical staffs
Desir, Chesner. "Classification Automatique d'Images, Application à l'Imagerie du Poumon Profond." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879356.
Full textDesir, Chesner. "Classification automatique d'images, application à l'imagerie du poumon profond." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES053.
Full textThis thesis deals with automated image classification, applied to images acquired with alveoscopy, a new imaging technique of the distal lung. The aim is to propose and develop a computer aided-diagnosis system, so as to help the clinician analyze these images never seen before. Our contributions lie in the development of effective, robust and generic methods to classify images of healthy and pathological patients. Our first classification system is based on a rich and local characterization of the images, an ensemble of random trees approach for classification and a rejection mechanism, providing the medical expert with tools to enhance the reliability of the system. Due to the complexity of alveoscopy images and to the lack of expertize on the pathological cases (unlike healthy cases), we adopt the one-class learning paradigm which allows to learn a classifier from healthy data only. We propose a one-class approach taking advantage of combining and randomization mechanisms of ensemble methods to respond to common issues such as the curse of dimensionality. Our method is shown to be effective, robust to the dimension, competitive and even better than state-of-the-art methods on various public datasets. It has proved to be particularly relevant to our medical problem
Lemarchand, Xavier. "Audiovisuel numérique et différAnce : Nouvelles conditions techniques de réception des objets temporels. Nouvel espace pour les savoirs." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1177.
Full textLinking several approaches to the issue, this dissertation aims at underlining the fact that digital technologies when applied to audiovisual data enable the conception of user devices in which the user/receptor relationship to the audio-visual data is akin to that we have to language when writing is available. Grounded in philosophical theory, the first part focuses on the relationship between technology, anthropology and cognition. It notebly refers to several concepts derived from Derrida's work (differAnce, archi-script, trace, logo centrism, logic of supplement) and transfers them to the audiovisual field. Thus, the thesis relies on the philosophical trends that relate technique and memory, time, space and trace, mainly via the work of B. Stiegler (phenomenological analysis of time based objects) and Leroi-Gourhan (technical externalization of memory) From a semio-pragmatical perspective, the second part then places the digital audiovisual revolution in the context of memory related technologies. An analysis of alphabetical script casts light on how its orthothetical and spatial (Goody) attributes have fostered a new intellectual dynamics. Therefore even though analogical audiovisual data has specifie features, the digitization of images and sounds allows for the transformation of the way time base flows are received (possible questioning of knowledge, stock and store logic, possibility to single items out, to spacialize and manipulate them) ln the third part, the discussion is based on Auroux's theories and the relationship between technology and metalinguistics knowledge is reconsidered ; it presents an alternative to soma semiological dead ends when considering audiovisual data. The digital era is presented as providing a technical vector for a grammatization of audiovisual material and enabling the possible rise of a critical culture for users/receptors
Cooren, Yann. "Perfectionnement d'un algorithme adaptatif d'Optimisation par Essaim Particulaire : application en génie médical et en électronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462106.
Full textUpegui, Cardona Erika. "Télédétection et épidémiologie en zone urbaine : de l'extraction de bâtiments à partir d'images satellite à très haute résolution à l'estimation de taux d'incidence." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1015/document.
Full textIn epidemiology, a precise knowledge of populations at risk is a prerequisite for calculating state ofhealth indicators of a community (incidence rates). The population data, however, may beunavailable, unreliable, or insufficiently detailed for epidemiological use.The main objective of this research is to estimate incidence rates, in cases of absence of demographicdata, at an infra-communal scale. The secondary objectives are to estimate the human populationthrough satellite data at very high spatial resolution (VHSR), to assess the contribution of this data(VHSR) compared with high spatial resolution data (Landsat) in a same urban framework (Besançon),and to develop a simple and robust methodology to ensure its exportability to other areas.We proposed a three-step approach based on the correlation between population density and urbanmorphology. The first step is to extract buildings from VHSR imagery data. These buildings are thenused in the second step to model the population data. Finally, this population data is used as thedenominator to calculate incidence rates (cancers). Reference data are used at each step to assessthe performance of our methodology.The results obtained highlight the potential of remote sensing to measure the state of health of acommunity (in the form of crude incidence rates) at a fine geographical scale. These estimatedincidence rates can be utilized as elements of decision to adapt better customized healthcare withrespect to the health needs of a given community, even in the absence of demographic data
Waly, Zahraa. "Identification de fractions mitogéniques dans le sérum fœtal bovin pour la prolifération des cellules précurseurs de muscle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23733.
Full textMoussa, Richard. "Segmatation multi-agents en imagerie biologique et médicale : application aux IRM 3D." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14426.
Full textImage segmentation is a crucial operation for image processing. It is always the starting point of shape analysis process, motion detection, visualization, and quantitative estimation of linear distances, surfaces and volumes. For this, the segmentation consists on classifying the voxels into classes based on their local strengths, their spatial location and shape characteristics or neighborhood. The difficulty of the results stability of segmentation methods for medical images comes from the different types of noise present inside every image. In these images, the noise takes two forms: a physical noise due to the acquisition system, in our case, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and a physiological noise due to the patient. These noises should be considered for all methods of segmentation. In this thesis, we focused on Multi-Agent models based on the biological behavior of spiders and ants to perform the task of segmentation. For spiders, we proposed a semi-automatic method using the histogram of the image to determine the number of objects to be detected. As for ants, we proposed two approaches: one that uses the so-called classical gradient of the image and the second, more original, which uses an intervoxel partition of the image. We also proposed a way to speed up the segmentation process through the use of the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). Finally, these two methods were evaluated on MR images of brain and were compared with conventional methods of segmentation: region growing and Otsu for the model of spiders and Sobel gradient for the ants
Bandaly, Victor. "Etude de la persistance de virus sur les filtres des centrales de traitement d'air : influence des paramètres de procédé et impact sur la santé." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B038/document.
Full textAir pollution is one of the major public health problems of our century and especially of indoor air as we spend about 90% of our time in closed environments. Among pollutants bioaerosols have been poorly studied. However, epidemiological studies have already shown a relationship between bioaerosols and human health. The aim of this PhD work is to learn about respiratory viruses in closed environments via ventilation systems in order to study indoor air quality. At the end of state of the art of air pollutants, it is important to define those present in the air that need to be treated, ventilation systems, filtration processes by fibrous media and the processing methods being able to be implemented. The effects of viral bioaerosols on public health in indoor environments were discussed and drafted in a bibliographic review. The methodology of the study was to assess the fate of respiratory viruses, mengoviruses and adenoviruses, in a miniature experimental system similar to air treatment systems used in closed environments. The experimental system used was validated and the filter performance against viral aerosols was investigated. This study presented originality for the characterization and the fate of two non-enveloped respiratory viruses, mengovirus (RNA) and adenovirus (DNA), in indoor environments and their fate on fiber glass filter. This study showed the ability of viruses to pass through the filter and to remain infectious upstream and downstream the filter. There is scarce literature on this subject, and this project allowed us to add new relevant data on the persistence of respiratory viruses in indoor air and more precisely at the level of filters in air handling units
Kudjawu, Yao Cyril. "Délais d’accès au traitement des patients atteints de cancers en France et impact des inégalités sociales de santé : étude à partir des bases de données médico-administratives." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS023/document.
Full textBackground: timeliness of cancer treatment is an important aspect of health quality. Care centers are expected to treat a growing number of patients with cancer. Our objectives were to examine treatment times from diagnosis to first-course therapy for patients with colon (CC), rectum-anus (RC), and lung (LC) cancers and assess factors associated with time to-treatment and the impact of deprivation index.Methods: using the international classification of diseases and medical procedures codes, from national hospital discharge database which has been crossed with long term illness data and French deprivation Index information, we selected patients newly diagnosed for CC, RC or LC in 2009-2010 who had undergone treatment.Results: We included 15,694, 6,623 and 14,596 patients diagnosed and treated for CC, RC and LC respectively. Median times from endoscopy to: 1) surgery in patients with a surgical treatment pathway for CC, RC, and LC were 22 (Q25 = 14; Q75 = 34), 97 (Q25 = 34; Q75 = 141), and 44 (Q25 = 26; Q75 = 82) days, respectively; 2) to chemotherapy for patients with a non-surgical treatment pathway, for CC, RC, and LC were 36 (Q25 = 21; Q75 = 59), 40 (Q25 = 27; Q75 = 59), and 33 (Q25 = 22; Q75 = 49) days respectively; 3) to radiotherapy in RC and LC patients were 53 (Q25 = 39; Q75 = 78) and 88 (Q25 = 46; Q75 = 162) days respectively; 4) to first treatment, irrespective of pathway and treatment combination for CC, RC and LC were 23 (Q25 = 14; Q75 = 35), 43 (Q25 = 27; Q75 = 74), and 34 (Q25 = 22; Q75 = 50) days respectively.Time to first treatment vary across regions. It was longer in most northern regions and in overseas districts and shorter in Île-de-France, southern, eastern and sometimes in western regions for the three cancers. In multilevel analysis, Age and status of the first care center were significantly associated to time to first treatment in CC patients. Similar factors, including Deprivation index, were significantly associated to time to first treatment in RC and LC patients. The time to first treatment increased with age. It was higher in public hospitals compared to private hospitals and low in patients with low deprivation index compared to patients with high deprivation index. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study based on medico-administrative database describing time to first treatment after endoscopy in patients suffering from cancers in France. The results, which will complement those from cancer registry data and regional networks of cancerology, could inform decision-making policies on the implementation of guidelines on timeframes for cancer treatment access
Kuijpers, Nicola. "Système autonome de sécurité lors de la préparation d'un repas pour les personnes cognitivement déficientes dans un habitat intelligent pour la santé." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS436/document.
Full textIn developed countries such as Canada or France, the population is ageing and the number of people with disabilities increases. Those disabilities have an impact on their activities of daily living. According to the severity of the disability and the independance of those people, a placement in a specialized institution can be considered. Those institutions often represent huge financial costs for the people as for society. In order to reduce those costs, smart homes are an alternative solution. Smart homes make it possible for people to compensate their disabilities and increase their independance through a set of technologies. Preparing a meal is a complex activity can present various risks for those people. These people rarely live alone, and it must be taken into account that a varied public can use the system. Homes are usually already equipped with appliances, it is necessary for the system to adapt itself to these devices. This work aims the implementation of a prototype ensuring the safety of people with Alzheimer during meal preparation and their caregivers (natural or professional). The prototype must adapt itself to the user’s profiles, its environment and the appliances on which it is deployed. In order to do this, the system, based on a multi agent system, applies safety rules that are customizable through the users’ medical profiles. This work is carried out in two laboratories, each with distinct kitchen appliances in their smart home. The system had been tested in both environments, its adaptation towards different users and for several safety rules through use cases. The results of these experiments showed that the prototype meets the objectives
Murano, Maria Cristina. "Critical Paediatric Bioethics and the Treatment of Short Stature : An Interdisciplinary Study." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0043.
Full textSeveral studies argue that there is a correlation between short stature and negative experiences, such as social discrimination, and economic disadvantage (especially for men). It is now possible to use recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) to treat children with idiopathic short stature (ISS), namely children who are shorter than average for unknown medical reasons. Critics argue that there is a lack of evidence of both psychological distress caused by short stature and the efficacy of the treatment in increasing children’s well-being. This controversy is reflected in international drug evaluations: while the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US granted marketing authorisation for hGH for children with ISS in 2003, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) refused it in 2007. The research presented here had two aims: first, to identify and analyse the norms, values and assumptions about short stature and the use of hGH treatment for children with ISS, found within sociocultural, philosophical and regulatory discussions of these, and within narrated lived experiences of short stature. Second, to critically and reflectively discuss how these analyses contribute to bioethical debates on the use of hGH treatment for children with ISS. It employs what it calls a critical paediatric bioethics approach, which combines philosophical analyses with empirical methods. The first article proposes a critical understanding of medicalisation as both a concept and a phenomenon, and explores what insights such critical understanding brings to ethical discussions about hGH for children with ISS. The second article examines the arguments for and against granting marketing authorisation of hGH treatment for the indication of ISS presented in selected documents of the FDA and the EMA. The third article examines how and why attendance to lived experiences of height is needed in bioethical and biomedical discussions of hGH treatment for children with ISS. This research contributes to the ethical debate about using hGH for children with ISS, setting a critical gaze onto the social perception of short stature, highlighting some ethical challenges met by stakeholders involved at different levels, and providing new insights into how to address these ethical issues
Ahmed, Fareed. "Un nouvel a priori de formes pour les contours actifs." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4008/document.
Full textActive contours are widely used for image segmentation. There are many implementations of active contours. The greedy algorithm is being regarded as one of the fastest and stable implementations. No matter which implementation is being employed, the segmentation results suffer greatly in the presence of occlusion, context noise, concavities or abnormal deformation of shape. If some prior knowledge about the shape of the object is available, then its addition to an existing model can greatly improve the segmentation results. In this thesis inclusion of such shape constraints for explicit active contours is being implemented. These shape priors are introduced through the use of robust Fourier based descriptors which makes them invariant to the translation, scaling and rotation factors and enables the deformable model to converge towards the prior shape even in the presence of occlusion and contextual noise. Unlike most existing methods which compare the reference shape and evolving contour in the spatial domain by applying the inverse transforms, our proposed method realizes such comparisons entirely in the descriptor space. This not only decreases the computational time but also allows our method to be independent of the number of control points chosen for the description of the active contour. This formulation however, may introduce certain anomalies in the phase of the descriptors which affects the rotation invariance. This problem has been solved by an original algorithm. Experimental results clearly indicate that the inclusion of these shape priors significantly improved the segmentation results of the active contour model being used
Edery, Livia. "Analyse psychodynamique de la relation médecin-malade lors de la prise de décision thérapeutique chez des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein : refus ou acceptation de la chimiothérapie adjuvante ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG042.
Full textPurposes : This thesis studies the conscious and unconscious aspects of the therapeutic decision-making, suggested by oncologist during consultation, by patients affected by breast cancer. All patients had a curative surgery of their cancer and they can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the eyes of physician the decision can be positive or negative but its perception does not correspond to ultimate’s outcome of the psychic process, in progress, of patient elaboration.The international literature focus on obvious elements of patients’ therapeutic choice during therapeutic disclosure. In addition, our study investigates the possibilities of adaptation and unconscious defenses according to their personality. This holistic clinical approach shows that 4 mains co-factors involve in patient’s decision-making. Population and methods : This is a comparative and longitudinal clinical research of the medical consultation with 50 patients. Patients psychological factors of the decision-making has been registered and analysed. Results : 82% of patients have accepted adjuvant chemotherapy while 18% refused it. The Adhesion group had mainly a depressive reaction while the Refusal group had predominant hostile personality traits. The anxiety was significantly higher in the Adhesion group than in the Refusal. Adhesive patients seemed to repress their emotions when accepting the treatment while Refusal group expressed emotions in words. Conclusion : Adaptation of the physicians communication and investigation of patients personality should enhance the decision-making of patients when they must decide or not of treatment continuation despite secondary effects
Baldé, Fatoumata Lamarana. "L'abandon du traitement antirétroviral chez des femmes vivant avec le VIH/sida en Guinée." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5385/1/M12753.pdf.
Full text