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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trait'
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Brown, Rick D. "Understanding spontaneous trait inferences and spontaneous trait transference, the associability of primed trait constructs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29185.pdf.
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Joehanes, Roby. "Multiple-trait multiple-interval mapping of quantitative-trait loci." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1605.
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Minden, Vanessa [Verfasser]. "Functional traits of salt marsh plants : responses of morphology- and elemental-based traits to environmental contraints, trait-trait relationships and effects on ecosystem properties / Vanessa Minden." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1050298829/34.
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Norris, George W. "Exploring the trait-behavior relationship in leadership." Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116875373.
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Joehanes, Roby. "Generalized and multiple-trait extensions to Quantitative-Trait Locus mapping." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1919.
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Frazer, Paul. "Predicting Multi-Trait Motivation from Multi-Trait Personality in HR Professionals." Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977294.
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The research investigates the intersection of personality and motivation, and specifically, the predictive relationship between factors of the five-factor model of personality and the categories of the Assessment of Individual Motives-Questionnaire motivation model. Although significant research into multi-trait personality models exists, there is significantly less research into multi-trait motivation models and little research into how multi-trait models in these two fields intersect. No research exists within this field for human resource professionals. A canonical correlation analysis was chosen to properly represent all potential between-factor effects of the two variable sets. The resulting data met all assumptions and showed statistical significance. The results showed significance for the overall canonical correlation between the predictor and the outcome variables and showed that there were three statistically significant canonical functions between the two sets of variables. Four personality variables and three motivation variables met the statistical cutoff showing contribution to the canonical correlation. These results showed that the personality factors of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness negatively predicted the motivation category of Competitive. The personality factor of Extraversion predicted the motivation category of Cooperative, and the personality factor of Openness predicted the motivation category of Integrity of Self. These results suggest an opportunity for further investigation into the relationships between Openness and Integrity of Self, and between Conscientiousness and Competitive. Also, more canonical correlation research into this field may help understanding these complex relationships. Finally, extending this research to the public could provide a better understanding of personality and motivation outside the workplace.
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Henebry, Michael Lee. "Biological and Ecological Trait Associations and Analysis of Spatial and Intraspecific Variation in Fish Traits." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33894.
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Traits provide an informative approach to examine species-environment interactions. Often, species-by-species approaches are inefficient to generate generalizable ecological relationships and do not predict species responses to environmental changes based on specific traits species possess. Multiple lines of inquiry and multi-scale approaches are best for assessing environment-trait responses. This thesis examines important questions not specifically addressed before in traits-based research. Chapter one explores biological and ecological trait associations incorporating ontogenetic diet shifts for New River fishes. Niche shift analysis as a chapter one sub-objective quantitatively support where species-specific diet shifts likely occur. Strong biological-ecological trait associations, some intuitive and others not so intuitive, were found that relate biological structure to ecological function. Improved understanding of trait associations, including what factors influence others, supports inference of ecology of fishes. Chapters two and three examine spatial and intraspecific trait variability. Chapter two specifically examines large-scale life history trait variability along latitudinal gradients for twelve widely distributed fish species, including directionality of trait variation, and hypothesizing how optimal traits change with large-scale environmental factors. Strong positive and negative patterns found include average total length of newly hatched larvae, average total length at maturation, average spawning temperature, average egg diameter, and maximum length. These five traits are correlated with other adaptive attributes (i.e. growth rate, reproductive output, and longevity/population turnover rate). In contrast to latitudinal scale, Chapter three examines trait variability of white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) and fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare) as a function of small-watershed scale spatial factors and anthropogenic disturbance. Toms Creek and Chestnut Creek white sucker and fantail darter displayed positive response to disturbance, contrary to past studies. Lower resource competition, and / or competitive exclusion of fishes with similar niche requirements are possible mechanisms. All three objectives support understanding of trait association and variability as a useful foundation in ecological applications and for formulating plans for conservation and management of species.Master of Science
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Podisi, Baitsi Kingsley. "Quantitative trait loci mapping of sexual maturity traits applied to chicken breeding." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5561.
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Many phenotypes are controlled by factors which include the genes, the environment, interactions between genes and interaction between the genotypes and the environment. Great strides have been made to understand how these various factors affect traits of agricultural, medical and environmental importance. The chicken is regarded as a model organism whose study would not only assist efforts towards increased agricultural productivity but also provide insight into the genetic determination of traits with potential application in understanding human health and disease. Detection of genomic regions or loci responsible for controlling quantitative traits (QTL) in poultry has focussed mainly on growth and production traits with limited information on reproductive traits. Most of the reported results have used additive-dominance models which are easy to implement because they ignore epistatic gene action despite indications that it may be important for traits with low heritability and high heterosis. The thesis presents results on the detection of loci and genetic mechanisms involved in sexual maturity traits through modelling both additive-dominance gene actions and epistasis. The study was conducted on an F2 broiler x White Leghorn layer cross for QTL detection for age, weight, abdominal fat, ovary weight, oviduct weight, comb weight, number of ovarian yellow follicles, a score for the persistence of the right oviduct and bone density. In addition, body weight QTL at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 weeks of age, QTL for growth rate between the successive ages and QTL for the parameters of the growth curve were also detected. Most of the QTL for traits at sexual maturity acted additively. A few of the QTL explained a modest proportion of the phenotypic variation with most of the QTL explaining a small component of the cumulative proportion of the variation explained by the QTL. Body weight QTL were critical in determining the attainment of puberty. The broiler allele had positive effects on weight at first egg and negative effects on age at first egg. Most QTL affecting weight at first egg overlapped with QTL for age at first egg and for early growth rate (6-9 weeks) suggesting that growth rate QTL are intimately related to the onset of puberty. Specific QTL for early and adult growth were detected but most QTL had varying influence on growth throughout life. Chromosome 4 harboured most of QTL for the assessed traits which explained the highest proportion of the phenotypic variation in the traits confirming its critical role in influencing traits of economic importance. There was no evidence for epistasis for almost all the studied traits. Evidence for role of epistasis was significant for ovary weight and suggestive for both growth rate and abdominal fat.
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Lu, Yue. "Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for slow-rusting traits in wheat." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32179.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agronomy
Guihua Bai
Allan K. Fritz
Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important fungal disease worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is an effective practice to reduce the losses caused by the disease, and using slow-rusting resistance genes can improve the durability of rust resistance in the cultivars. CI13227 is a winter wheat line that shows a high level of slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust and has been studied extensively. In this research, two recombinant inbreed line (RIL) populations derived from CI13227 x Suwon (104 RILs) and CI13227 x Everest (184 RILs) and one doubled haploid (DH) population derived from CI13227 x Lakin with 181 lines were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for slow leaf rusting resistance. Each population and its parents were evaluated for slow-rusting traits in two greenhouse experiments. A selected set of 384 simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs), single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS-SNPs) or 90K-SNP chip (90K-SNPs) were analyzed in the three populations. Six QTLs for slow-rusting resistance, QLr.hwwgru-2DS, QLr.hwwgru-7BL, QLr.hwwgru-7AL, QLr.hwwgru-3B_1, QLr.hwwgru-3B_2, and QLr.hwwgru-1D were detected in the three populations with three stable QTLs, QLr.hwwgru-2DS, QLr.hwwgru-7BL and QLr.hwwgru-7AL. These were detected and validated by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers converted from GBS-SNPs and 90K-SNPs in at least two populations. Another three QTLs were detected only in a single population, and either showed a minor effect or came from the susceptible parents. The KASP markers tightly linked to QLr.hwwgru-2DS (IWB34642, IWB8545 and GBS_snpj2228), QLr.hwwgru-7BL (GBS_snp1637 and IWB24039) and QLr.hwwgru-7AL (IWB73053 and IWB42182) are ready to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to transfer these QTLs into wheat varieties to improve slow-rusting resistance in wheat.
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Clevinger, Elizabeth. "Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Soybean Quality Traits from Two Different Sources." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33468.
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Soybeans are economically and agriculturally the most important legume in the world, providing protein and oil to the food and animal feed industries and base ingredients for hundreds of chemical products. Their value could be enhanced, however, if the oil and protein content remained high and the oligosaccharide and phytate contents were lowered to make soybeans more acceptable for human and animal consumption.
A soybean population of 55 families segregating for genes controlling quality traits was chosen for this study. Both parental lines have high sucrose and low stachyose. The former contains a high level of phytate while the latter is low phytate. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether or not both parents had the same gene(s) for low stachyose. An additional objective was to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling quality traits: sucrose, stachyose and phytate. An acetonitrile precipitation method and a modified colorimetric method were used to determine amounts of sugars and phytate, respectively. The phenotypic data for stachyose was analyzed and it was determined that two recessive genes control low stachyose content in this population. A map was constructed using 141 SSR markers and 15 molecular linkage groups (MLGs) were identified. After analyzing trait and marker data in QTL Cartographer, potential QTL were found on MLGs: B1, C2, D1b, F, M and N. Sucrose and stachyose QTL were identified on B1, C2, M and N. Phytate QTL were observed on B1, D1b, F and N. The markers identified for quality traits in this population may be useful in marker-assisted selection and the germplasm should be useful for the development of a cultivar.Master of Science
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Finucane, Hilary Kiyo. "Functional and cross-trait genetic architecture of common diseases and complex traits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112906.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, 2017Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 201-245).
In this thesis, I introduce new methods for learning about diseases and traits from genetic data. First, I introduce a method for partitioning heritability by functional annotation from genome-wide association summary statistics, and I apply it to 17 diseases and traits and many different functional annotations. Next, I show how to apply this method to use gene expression data to identify diseaserelevant tissues and cell types. I next introduce a method for estimating genetic correlation from genome-wide association summary statistics and apply it to estimate genetic correlations between all pairs of 24 diseases and traits. Finally, I consider a model of disease subtypes and I show how to determine a lower bound on the sample size required to distinguish between two disease subtypes as a function of several parameters.
by Hilary Kiyo Finucane.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics
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Polineni, Pavana. "Developing a web accessible integrated database and visualization tool for bovine quantitative trait loci." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2449.
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A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is the location of a gene that affects a trait that is measured on a quantitative (linear) scale. Many important agricultural traits such as weight gain, milk fat content and intramuscular fat in cattle are quantitative traits. There is a need to integrate genomic sequence data with QTL data and to develop an analytical tool to visualize the data. Without integration, application of this data to agricultural enterprise productivity will be slow and inefficient. My thesis presents a web-accessible tool called the Bovine QTL Viewer developed to solve this problem. It consists of an integrated database of bovine QTL and the QTL viewer to view the QTL and their relative chromosomal position. This tool generates dynamic and interactive images and supports research in the field of genomics. For this tool, the data is modeled and the QTL viewer is developed based on the requirements and feedback of experts in the field of bovine genomics.
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Usala, Paul D. "The state-trait distinction : an analysis of conceptual and psychometric properties of states and traits." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28755.
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Augais, Thomas. "Trait pour trait : Alberto Giacometti et les écrivains par voltes et faces d’ateliers." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20064/document.
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L’œuvre d’Alberto Giacometti a posé avec acuité le problème de la représentation. Dès 1929, un article de Michel Leiris appelle sa mise en question de la « figure humaine » à venir dialoguer dans l’espace de la revue Documents avec une pensée dialectique de l’image, celle de Georges Bataille. Il rejoint ensuite le groupe surréaliste en abandonnant pour un temps la représentation figurative au profit du « modèle intérieur » prôné par André Breton. Son retour au modèle extérieur contredit le sens de l’histoire de l’art pour Breton et lui vaut d’être exclu du groupe surréaliste. Pourtant Giacometti dans ce retour au réel n’abandonne pas le pôle subjectif, il choisit au contraire de l’assumer dans ses plus extrêmes conséquences, en refusant dans sa représentation de l’objet d’être plus précis que la perception. Son œuvre suscite alors après-guerre l’attention des philosophes car elle rencontre les recherches de la phénoménologie. Mais elle attire surtout l’attention de nombreux écrivains à mesure que l’impossibilité d’atteindre son but, faire une « tête vivante », conduit Giacometti à faire de son art une méditation sur le sens de la représentation de la réalité en art. Admettant le caractère inéluctable de l’échec auquel est confronté celui qui veut saisir le réel, il choisit d’approfondir le « pourquoi » de cet échec. Son œuvre devient alors le lieu d’une critique acérée du langage, perçue comme le meilleur moyen d’affronter l’écart entre les signes (plastiques ou langagiers) et les objets du réel. Les écrivains tentent de mesurer les conséquences poétiques de cette approche du réel qui envisage l’art comme un moyen de se rendre compte de ce que nous voyonsAt the core of Alberto Giacometti’s works lies the problem of representation, ie. the fact that signs mean more that what they are. As soon as 1929, Michel Leiris confronted Giacometti’s challenge of the « human figure » with Georges Bataille’s dialectic approach of images in the journal Documents. The former then joined the surrealists and temporarily left figurative representation for « the interior model » advocated by André Breton. His return to the exterior model went against the course of art history according to Breton, and led to his exclusion from the surrealist group. Although he had come back to reality, Giacometti did not discard subjectivity. On the contrary, he chose to stay true to its most extreme consequences and refused to represent objects more acutely than the senses could. His work then attracted the attention of post-war philosophers like Sartre, as it intersected with their research on phenomenology. It also attracted the attention of a number of writers (Char, Ponge, Tardieu, Bonnefoy, Dupin and du Bouchet) when his failure to reach his goal, the creation of a « living head », gradually led his artworks to question the worth of representing reality in art. While admitting to the inevitable failure awaiting any artist trying to grasp reality, Giacometti chose to explore the reasons of that failure. This is how his artworks grew to express a sharp criticism of language, which he saw as the best way to bridge the gap between signs (both plastic and linguistic) and the objects constituting reality. Writers have tried to measure the poetic consequences of Giacometti’s approach to reality, which envisions art as a means to realize what we see
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Carlson, Marianne. "Trait inferences from descriptions of behavior when some trait-specific information is withheld." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28872.
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Warner, Megan Beth. "Personality traits, traitedness, and disorders: towards an enhanced understanding of trait-disorder relationships." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4238.
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Traitedness has been described as the âÂÂthe degree to which a particular trait
structure is approximated in a given personâ (Tellegen, p. 28, 1991) and has been
hypothesized as one explanation for findings of weak trait-behavior relationships. That
is, if traits are differentially applicable to different individuals, then trait-behavior
relationships may be moderated based on the strength with which an individual fits with
a given trait model. This study used moderated multiple regression to test the
moderating effects of four different traitedness indicators to increase the prediction of
diagnostic consistency in four personality disorders, and also tested the main effects of
traitedness estimates to predict cross-situational consistency of functional impairment.
Traitedness estimates performed better in the prediction of increased diagnostic
consistency, though there were some isolated findings of traitedness increasing crosssituational
consistency of functional impairment.
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Shimomura, Koichiro. "Quantitative trait locus analysis of agronomic traits in weedy cucumber lines for breeding." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263362.
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Somorjai, Ildikó M. L. "Quantitative trait loci for fitness traits in Arctic charr, conservation in rainbow trout and correlations among traits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61949.pdf.
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Burns, Sarah Katherine. "Investigating relationships between trait anxiety, emotional processing and psychopathy as a dimensional personality trait." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1836.
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The two goals of this thesis were to validate revised versions of two measures of psychopathy and emotional manipulation, and to test relationships between trait anxiety, emotion processing and psychopathic traits in community samples. Both goals were achieved; the reliability of both the psychopathy and the emotional manipulation measure were improved by adding new items, and trait anxiety and emotion processing was demonstrated to significantly predict both the personality and behavioural aspects of psychopathy.
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Forsberg, Simon. "Complex Trait Genetics : Beyond Additivity." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-307837.
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The link between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism is immensely complex. Despite this it can, to a great extent, be captured using models that assume that gene variants combine their effects in an additive manner. This thesis explores aspects of genetics that cannot be fully captured using such additive models. Using experimental data from three different model organisms, I study two phenomena that fall outside of the additive paradigm: genetic interactions and genetic variance heterogeneity. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we show how important biological insights can be reached by exploring loci that display genetic variance heterogeneity. In the first study, this approach identified alleles in the gene CMT2 associated with the climate at sampling locations, suggesting a role in climate adaption. These alleles affected the genome wide methylation pattern, and a complete knock down of this gene increased the plants heat tolerance. In the second study, we demonstrate how the observed genetic variance heterogeneity was the result of the partial linkage of many functional alleles near the gene MOT1, all contributing to Molybdenum levels in the leaves. Further, we explore genetic interactions using data from dogs and budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In the dog population, two interacting loci were associated with fructosamine levels, a biomarker used to monitor blood glucose. One of the loci displayed the pattern of a selective sweep in some of the studied breeds, suggesting that the interaction is important for the phenotypic breed-differences. In a cross between two strains of yeast, with the advantage of large population size and nearly equal allele frequencies, we identified large epistatic networks. The networks were largely centered on a number of hub-loci and altogether involved hundreds of genetic interactions. Most network hubs had the ability to either suppress or uncover the phenotypic effects of other loci. Many multi-locus allele combinations resulted in phenotypes that deviated significantly from the expectations, had the loci acted in an additive manner. Critically, this thesis demonstrates that non-additive genetic mechanisms often need to be considered in order to fully understand the genetics of complex traits.
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Gusmão, Junior João Bosco Leite. "Sediments and functional traits : applying a functional trait approach to assess marine macrobenthic function." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48888.
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Orientadores : Dr. Paulo da Cunha Lana, Dr. Britas Klemens ErikssonTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos. Defesa: Pontal do Paraná, 21/04/2017
Inclui referências
Resumo: Na presente tese, investiguei como a função do macrobentos marinho de sistemas sedimentares rasos é afetada pela poluição ambiental, complexidade do habitat e mudanças na composição específica das assembleias. Utilizei uma abordagem analítica baseada em traços biológicos para estimar potenciais mudanças na função do macrobentos nos processos ecossistêmicos associados aos sedimentos. Meus objetivos de pesquisa incluem avaliações do papel dos gradientes ambientais naturais ou antropogênicos na estrutura funcional do macrobentos; da aplicabilidade das abordagens baseadas em traços biológicos para analisar a qualidade ambiental do bentos; dos efeitos das mudanças na composição específica das assembleias na função do macrobentos; do efeito da complexidade do habitat na diversidade de traços funcionais; e do impacto de espécies funcionalmente relevantes no funcionamento ecossistêmico. Os resultados e conclusões mais importantes desta tese foram: 1. Baixa qualidade do ambiente bêntico causada pelo enriquecimento orgânico prejudica o estabelecimento de espécies com determinados traços funcionais, resultando em assembleias com baixa diversidade funcional. 2. Abordagens baseadas em traços biológicos são uma forma válida de avaliação os efeitos gerais da poluição orgânica no macrobentos. Tanto a análise de traços biológicos quanto os índices multivariados de diversidade funcional representam boas ferramentas analíticas para a investigação de mudanças na estrutura macrobêntica ao longo de gradientes de contaminação orgânica. 3. As mudanças na estrutura das assembleias promovidas pelo estabelecimento de espécies exóticas podem levar a grandes mudanças na diversidade funcional do macrobentos. Essas mudanças podem aumentar o potencial de bioturbação das assembleias e ter implicações para o funcionamento do ecossistema nos sistemas sedimentares. 4. O aumento da complexidade do habitat promovido pelas gramas marinhas pode promover funções relacionadas com os sedimentos devido ao estabelecimento de organismos bioturbadores que habitam camadas superficiais do sedimento. 5. As espécies funcionalmente relevantes do macrobentos podem promover o microfitobentos, seja através do aumento da bioturbação dos sedimentos ou através da estabilização dos sedimentos devido à atenuação da hidrodinâmica local. 6. As espécies funcionalmente relevantes podem promover cascatas funcionais por favorecer o estabelecimento de organismos que desempenham outras funções. Nos casos abordados nesta tese, as gramas marinhas promovem a infauna que vive próximo à superfície do sedimento e indiretamente media processos relacionados à bioturbação; a bioturbação macrobêntica influencia os produtores primários por afetar a estrutura microfitobêntica e os bancos de mexilhões promovem a produção primária por favorecer o microfitobentos. 7. Os índices de diversidade funcional são úteis como uma ferramenta exploratória para avaliar os efeitos gerais de perturbações ou gradientes ambientais na estrutura do macrobentos. Por outro lado, a análise de traços biológicos ou o enfoque em identidades funcionais representa uma melhor abordagem para avaliar os efeitos funcionais gerais do macrobentos na estrutura e nos processos ecossistêmicos.
Abstract: In this doctoral thesis, I investigate how the function of sediment living organisms is affected by environmental pollution, habitat complexity and changes in assemblage composition in shallow sedimentary systems. I used a trait-based approach to estimate potential changes in function of the macrobenthos in sediment-related ecosystem processes. My research subjects include: the role of natural and human induced gradients in shaping assemblage functional trait structure; the applicability of trait-based approaches to assess environmental status; the effects of changes in assemblage composition on macrobenthic function; the effect of complexity on functional diversity; and the impact of functionally relevant species on ecosystem functioning. The most important findings and conclusions of this thesis are: 1. Low benthic environmental quality driven by organic enrichment hinders the establishment of macrobenthic species with specific functional traits, resulting in assemblages with differentiated trait composition and decreased functional diversity. 2. Trait-based approaches are a reliable way to assess general effects of organic pollution on the macrobenthos. Both biological trait analysis and multivariate functional diversity are good analytical tools to analyze changes in macrobenthic structure across organic contamination gradients, although biomass- and abundancebased analysis can differ. 3. Changes in assemblage structure driven by establishing alien species can drive major changes in macrobenthic functional diversity. These changes can drive increased bioturbation potential, and have implications for ecosystem functioning in sedimentary systems. 4. Increased habitat complexity driven by seagrasses can promote sediment-related functions by favoring the establishment of shallow-living macrobenthic bioturbators. 5. Functionally relevant macrobenthic species can promote microphytobenthos either by increasing sediment bioturbation or by sediment stabilization via flow attenuation. 6. Functionally relevant species can promote functional cascades by favoring the establishment of organisms that perform other functions. In the cases addressed in this thesis, seagrasses promote shallow-living infauna and indirectly mediate bioturbation-related processes; macrobenthic bioturbation drives primary producers by affecting microphytobenthic structure; and mussel beds promote primary production by favoring microphytobenthos. 7. Functional diversity indices are useful as an exploratory tool to assess general effects of disturbances or gradients on macrobenthic structure. On the other hand, biological trait analysis or the focus on functional identities represents a better approach to assess the general functional effects of the macrobenthos on ecosystem structure and processes.
Samenvatting: In dit proefschrift onderzoek ik hoe de ecologische functie van bodemorganismen wordt beïnvloed door milieuvervuiling, habitatcomplexiteit en veranderingen in de soortensamenstelling binnen ondiepe sedimentaire ecosystemen. Ik heb gebruik gemaakt van een aanpak gericht op fenotypische kenmerken (een zogeheten trait-based approach) om een inschatting te maken van potentiële veranderingen in de functie van het macrobenthos binnen sedimentgerelateerde ecosysteemprocessen. Onderwerpen binnen mijn onderzoek zijn: de rol van natuurlijke en door de mens veroorzaakte gradiënten bij het vormen van de functionele structuur van ecologische gemeenschappen; de toepasbaarheid van de trait-based approach om de toestand van het milieu te beoordelen; de effecten van veranderingen in de soortensamenstelling op de functie van het macrobenthos; de effecten van complexiteit op functionele diversiteit; en de invloed van functioneel relevante soorten op het functioneren van ecosystemen. De belangrijkste bevindingen en conclusies van dit proefschrift zijn: 1. Lage kwaliteit van de benthische omgeving, gedreven door organische verrijking, verhindert de vestiging van macrobenthische soorten met specifieke functionele kenmerken. Dit resulteert in samenstellingen met verschillende eigenschappen en verminderde functionele diversiteit. 2. De trait-based approach is een betrouwbare manier om de algemene effecten van organische vervuiling op het macrobenthos te beoordelen. Zowel een analyse van biologische kenmerken als multivariate indices van functionele diversiteit zijn nuttige analytische methoden om de veranderingen in macrobenthische structuur in verschillende gradiënten van organische vervuiling te analyseren, ondanks dat biomassa- en abundantie-analyse kunnen verschillen. 3. Veranderingen in de structuur van de soortensamenstelling gedreven door de vestiging van uitheemse soorten, kan grote veranderingen in de macrobenthische functionele diversiteit veroorzaken. Deze veranderingen kunnen een verhoogd bioturbatiepotentieel veroorzaken en hebben implicaties voor het functioneren van bodemecosystemen. 4. Toegenomen habitatcomplexiteit gedreven door zeegrassen kan sedimentgerelateerde functies bevorderen door de vestiging van ondiep levende macrobenthische bioturbators. 5. Functioneel relevante macrobenthische soorten kunnen het microfytobenthos begunstigen door bioturbatie van het sediment te verhogen of door het sediment te stabiliseren middels het verzwakken van de stroming. 6. Functioneel relevante soorten kunnen functionele cascades bevorderen door de vestiging van organismen die andere functies uitvoeren te begunstigen zoals in de gevallen besproken in dit proefschrift: zeegrassen bevorderen ondiep levende infauna en bemiddelen indirect bioturbatiegerelateerde processen; macrobenthische bioturbatie drijft primaire producenten door de microfytobenthische structuur te beïnvloeden; en mosselbedden bevorderen primaire productie door microfytobenthos te begunstigen. 7. Indicatoren van functionele diversiteit zijn nuttig als verkennend hulpmiddel om de algemene effecten van verstoringen of gradiënten op de macrobenthische structuur te beoordelen. Anderzijds vertegenwoordigen de analyse van biologische kenmerken of de focus op functionele identiteit een betere aanpak om algemene functionele effecten van het macrobenthos op de processen en de structuur van het ecosysteem te beoordelen.
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Kadarmideen, Haja Najeemudin. "Statistical methods to map quantitative trait loci for binary traits in half-sib populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ33306.pdf.
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Geiser, Christian. "Multitrait multimethod multioccasion modeling." München AVM, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993315283/04.
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Huq, Md Nazmul. "The genetic basis of a domestication trait in the chicken: mapping quantitative trait loci for plumage colour." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78393.
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Domestication is the process by which animals become adapted to the environment provided by humans. The process of domestication has let to a number of correlated behavioural, morphological and physiological changes among many domesticated animal species. An example is the changes of plumage colour in the chicken. Plumage colour is one of the most readily observable traits that make distinction between breeds as well as between strains within a breed. Understanding the genetic architecture of pigmentation traits or indeed any trait is always a great challenge in evolutionary biology. The main aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the red and metallic green coloration in the chicken plumage. In this study, a total of 572 F8 intercross chickens between Red Junglefowl and White Leghorn were used. Phenotypic measurements were done using a combination of digital photography and photography manipulating software. Moreover, all birds were genotyped with 657 molecular markers, covering 30 autosomes. The total map distance covered was 11228 cM and the average interval distance was 17 cM. In this analysis, a total of six QTLs (4 for red and 2 for metallic green colour) were detected on four different chromosomes: 2, 3 11 and 14. For red colour, the most significant QTL was detected on chromosome 2 at 165 cM. An additional QTL was also detected on the same chromosome at 540 cM. Two more QTLs were detected on chromosomes 11 and 14 at 24 and 203 cM respectively. Additionally, two epistatic pairs of QTLs were also detected. The identified four QTLs together can explain approximately 36% of the phenotypic variance in this trait. In addition, for metallic green colour, one significant and one suggestive QTLs were detected on chromosomes 2 and 3 at 399 and 247 cM respectively. Moreover, significant epistatic interactions between these two QTLs were detected. Furthermore, these two QTLs together can explain approximately 24% of the phenotypic variance in this trait. These findings suggest that the expression of pigmentation in the chicken plumage is highly influenced by both the epistatic actions and pleiotropic effects of different QTLs located on different chromosomes.
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Charpentier, Valérie. "Le trait d'esprit dans la "comedia", la "comedia" comme trait d'esprit : l'exemple de "El Otomano famoso"." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30072.
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El Otomano famoso, œuvre attribuée à Lope de Vega, est une pièce remarquable à plus d’un titre. Après l’avoir analysée dans la perspective du conceptisme, il s’avère qu’elle abonde en références auto-référentielles qui font état de la genèse de l’œuvre et du procédé paragrammatique employé, qui constitue le titre en programme poétique. D’autres références auto-référentielles disent la nature énigmatique de cette comedia qui se présente de façon implicite comme une énigme de 2569 vers, et donc comme une agudeza compuesta. En outre, le tissus intertextuel est d’une grande richesse puisque, par de multiples allusions, sont évoquées les sources dans lesquelles Lope a puisé son inspiration : La Silva de varia lección de Pedro Mexía, qui a fourni le nom du protagoniste et l’intrigue, ainsi que la trame de l’enseignement, le sonnet « A la entrada de un valle » de Garcilaso de la Vega, les Emblèmes d’Alciat, la République de Platon, et peut-être les Tristia, et les Epistulae ex Ponto d’Ovide. L’intertexte chrétien est aussi d’une importance remarquable. El Otomano famoso se structure aussi sur le schéma de liquidation du complexe d’Œdipe, témoignant d’une connaissance de l’être humain d’une justesse et d’une pertinence proche des découvertes accomplies trois cents ans après par le fondateur de la psychanalyse et comprenant l’homme dans sa totalité, animale et spirituelle. L’arsenal de références intertextuelles et de traits d’esprit dont Lope a équipé sa comedia contribue à créer un labyrinthe textuel et dramatique qui oppose sa complexité à la sagacité du lecteur / spectateur et permet de repousser d’éventuelles « agressions » de la part des lecteurs mal intentionnés contemporains de Lope : elle correspond très exactement en cela à l’emblème d’Alciat intitulé « Non vulganda consilia » (les secrets conseils ne sont à révéler)El Otomano famoso, may be an early work by Lope de Vega, is an outsanding play on several accounts. After analyzing it according to the principles of conceptismo, it turns out to contain many self references which testify to the genesis of the work and the paragrammatical process used that turns the title into a poetical programme. Other self references reveal the enigmatic aspects of this comedia that is a huge enigma of 2569 verses, and therefor an agudeza compuesta. Moreover, intertextuality is very rich since through multiple hints, the sources from which Lope drew his inspiration are quoted: La Silva de varia lección by Pedro Mexía, which gave the name of the character, the plot and the framework of the lesson, the sonnet “A la entrada de un valle” by Garcilaso de la Vega, Emblems by Alciat, the Republic by Plato and, may be Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto by Ovid. The christian intertext is also of a remarkable complexity. El Otomano famoso is also structured owing to Oedipus complex, and testifies to a knowledge of the human being that is as exact and to the point that what the founder of psychoanalysis discovered three hundred years later, encompassing man in its globality, both animal and spiritual. The diversity of rhetorical references Lope used in his comedia contributes to the creation of a textual, dramatical labyrinth which opposes its complexity to the reader’s sagacity and makes it possible to offset potential “aggressions” from Lope’s contemporary ill-intentioned readers. To this extent, it exactly corresponds to Alciat’s emblem, entitled “non vulganda consilia” (secret pieces of advice mustn’t be revealed)
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Calcraft, Paul Richard Thomas. "The evolution of group traits : modelling natural selection on trait prevalence within and between groups." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67214/.
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One of evolution's greatest innovations was group living; indeed, it is fundamental to our daily lives as humans. Yet despite intense theoretical and empirical work, the details of how group living arose and is maintained are poorly understood. A central question in this area concerns the strength of natural selection operating between groups of organisms (group selection) because some think this is key to the evolution of group behaviour. It is, however, challenging to measure natural selection occurring between groups and between the individuals within those groups simultaneously. Consequently, a number of contentious theoretical issues have plagued group selection research for a number of decades, and empirical work on this topic is often misinterpreted. In this thesis, I investigate three biological systems that are candidates for group selection where empirical data is readily available. Using techniques from theoretical and computational biology - simulations, game theory and population genetics - I model evolution occurring at multiple levels simultaneously (multi-level selection), shedding light on the evolution and maintenance of group traits. First, I consider the evolution of a trait - lateralization - at the population- and colony-level in eusocial organisms, which have a reproductive structure that promotes group organisation and cooperation. I provide an evolutionary explanation for the strength of lateralization in colonies of the red wood ant, Formica rufa, as a compromise between intraspecific and predatory interactions. After extending the analysis to involve predators targeting multiple colonies simultaneously, I show that populations should tend towards an equal distribution of left- and right- lateralized colonies, resulting in zero population-level lateralization. This contradicts the established view that sociality should produce strong levels of lateralization at the population level. Second, I study a sub-social spider, Anelosimus studiosus, which is a group-living species that has recently been claimed to exhibit group-level adaptation. I use evolutionary game theory to explain the evolution of colony aggression with individual costs and benefits, providing an alternative to the existing group-level interpretation. The model generates a striking fit to the data without any between-group interactions. Therefore, I conclude that more evidence is needed to infer group-level adaptation in this colonial spider. Third, I study the Solanaceae, a plant family whose breeding system is reported to have undergone species selection - group selection acting on whole species. I investigate the evolution of self-fertilization over the family's phylogenetic history. By integrating an existing phylogeny with models of breeding system evolution at the individual level, I find the average selection pressure - and attendant properties of populations - expected to have characterised the Solanaceae over ~36 million years. In conclusion, I have shown the power of modelling approaches to clarify evolutionary explanations, to question existing interpretations, and to identify experiments that can help researchers identify the true causes of trait evolution.
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Nyström, Per-Erik. "Quantitative trait loci in pig production /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5712-2.pdf.
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Kindt, Alida Sophie Dorothea. "Genomic signature of trait-associated variants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9620.
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Genome-wide association studies have been used extensively to study hundreds of phenotypes and have determined thousands of associated SNPs whose underlying biology and causation is as yet largely unknown. Many previous studies attempted to clarify the causal biology by investigating overlaps of trait-associated variants with functional annotations, but lacked statistical rigor and examined incomplete subsets of available functional annotations. Additionally, it has been difficult to disentangle the relative contributions of different annotations that may show strong correlations with one another. In this thesis, we address these shortcomings and strengthen and extend the obtained results. Two methods, permutations and logistic regression, are applied in statistically rigorous analyses of genomic annotations and their observed enrichment or depletion of trait-associated SNPs. The genomic annotations range from genic regions and regulatory features to measures of conservation and aspects of chromatin structure. Logistic regressions in a number of trait-specific subsets identify genomic annotations influencing SNPs associated with both normal variation (e.g., eye or hair colour) and diseases, suggesting some generalities in the biological underpinnings of phenotypes. SNPs associated with phenotypes of the immune system are investigated and the results highlight the distinct aetiology for this subset. Despite the heterogeneity of the studied cancers, SNPs associated to different cancers are particularly enriched for conserved regions, unlike all other trait-subsets. Nonetheless, chromatin states are, perhaps surprisingly, among the most influential genomic annotations in all trait-subsets. Evolutionary conserved regions are rarely within the top genomic annotations despite their widespread use in prioritisation methods for follow-up studies. We identify a common set of enriched or depleted genomic annotations that significantly influence all traits, but also highlight trait-‐specific differences. These annotations may be used for the computational prioritisation of variants implicated in phenotypes of interest. The approaches developed for this thesis are further applied to studies of a specific human complex trait (height) and gene expression in atherosclerosis.
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Xin, Xiachi. "Architecture of human complex trait variation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31549.
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A complex trait is a trait or disease that is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors, along with their interactions. Trait architecture encompasses the genetic variants and environmental causes of variation in the trait or disease, their effects on the trait or disease and the mechanism by which these factors interact at molecular and organism levels. It is important to understand trait architecture both from a biological viewpoint and a health perspective. In this thesis, I laid emphasis on exploring the influence of familial environmental factors on complex trait architecture alongside the genetic components. I performed a variety of studies to explore the architecture of anthropometric and cardio-metabolic traits, such as height, body mass index, high density lipoprotein content of blood and blood pressure, using a cohort of 20,000 individuals of recent Scottish descent and their phenotype measurements, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data and genealogical information. I extended a method of variance component analysis that could simultaneously estimate SNP-associated heritability and total heritability whilst considering familial environmental effects shared among siblings, couples and nuclear family members. I found that most missing heritability could be explained by including closely related individuals in the analysis and accounting for these close relationships; and that, on top of genetics, couple and sibling environmental effects are additional significant contributors to the complex trait variation investigated. Subsequently, I accounted for couple and sibling environmental effects in Genome- Wide Association Study (GWAS) and prediction models. Results demonstrated that by adding additional couple and sibling information, both GWAS performance and prediction accuracy were boosted for most traits investigated, especially for traits related to obesity. Since couple environmental effects as modelled in my study might, in fact, reflect the combined effect of assortative mating and shared couple environment, I explored further the dissection of couple effects according to their origin. I extended assortative mating theory by deriving the expected resemblance between an individual and in-laws of his first-degree relatives. Using the expected resemblance derived, I developed a novel pedigree study which could jointly estimate the heritability and the degree of assortative mating. I have shown in this thesis that, for anthropometric and cardio-metabolic traits, environmental factors shared by siblings and couples seem to have important effects on trait variation and that appropriate modelling of such effects may improve the outcome of genetic analyses and our understanding of the causes of trait variation. My thesis also points out that future studies on exploring trait architecture should not be limited to genetics because environment, as well as mate choice, might be a major contributor to trait variation, although trait architecture varies from trait to trait.
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Colton, Cassandra E. "Faking in Trait Measures of Motivation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1585913300247961.
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Turri, Maria Grazia. "Mapping of behavioural quantitative trait loci." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89823fa1-c1d3-49e3-acb9-46da18b12245.
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Anxiety is a common disorder which affects about 25% of the population and whose pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Animal models of disease have been widely used to investigate the molecular basis of human disorders, including psychiatric illnesses. This thesis is about the study of the genetic basis of a mouse model of anxiety. I have carried out a QTL mapping study of behavioural measures thought to model anxiety. I report results from 1,636 mice, assessed for a large number of phenotypes in five ethological tests. Mice belonged to two F2 intercrosses originated by four lines generated in a replicate selection experiment. By comparing mapping results between the two crosses, I have demonstrated that selection operated on the same relatively small number of loci in the four selected lines. Analysis of genetic effect of QTL across phenotypes has allowed me to identify loci with specific roles on different dimensions of anxious behaviour, therefore enhancing our understanding of the anxiety phenotype in mice. For some of these QTL I have also accomplished fine mapping experiments: a locus on chromosome 15 is now contained in an interval of only 3 centimorgans. This work is the basis for further molecular dissection of the genetic loci that underlie anxiety and provides a starting point for the discovery of genes involved in a common psychiatric condition.
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Cook, Clare Taube. "Is adaptability of personality a trait?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/is-adaptability-of-personality-a-trait(c7b497c7-79f0-47d2-8b3b-7295dccda13d).html.
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Due to the dominance of the trait approach, personality is widely reduced to a set of trait scores which represent ‘usual’ behaviour. However, individuals show substantial variation within their personality (e.g. Fleeson, 2001; 2004). Thus there is a need for research into the personality characteristics which underlie this variance so that personality can be more fully quantified. To this end, the current thesis investigated a previously unresearched personality characteristic: personality adaptability, which was defined as: accurate and goal directed selection of personality states across situations which is designed to gain a desired outcomes and which may result in behaviour which is in accordance or discordance with the individual’s personal preferences in any given situation. Two studies were run to investigate whether personality adaptability exists as an individual difference. The studies also assessed the validity of personality adaptability by establishing its level of divergence from self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974), and role as a predictor of task performance and satisfaction with life (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). Study 1 utilised a repeated measures design. Participants completed two tasks, within a laboratory setting, designed to require the opposite poles of normal extraversion. Personality adaptability was quantified by calculating the distance between participants’ extraversion level in the two tasks (goal directed state range), and the distance between the required state and observed behaviour in each task (task specific personality adaptability). Within study 2, overt naturalistic observation of stand-up comedians performing stand-up comedy was undertaken. Personality adaptability was represented by calculating the distance between the required state for achieving a successful task outcome and the observed behaviour of each comedian, along comedy relevant facets of personality. Participants of both studies also completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) and Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder, 1974). The study 1 participants also completed a 7-item version of the Big Five Inventory’s (BFI) (John & Srivastava, 1999) trait extraversion scale while study 2 participants completed the full BFI. The results of study 1 indicated that, on average, individuals adapted their behaviour in line with the task requirements showing substantially higher levels of extraversion in the high extraversion requiring task, compared to the low extraversion task (d = -1.43, p < 0.001). Consistency between personality (extraversion) state was also shown across the tasks (r = .43, p < 0.01) implicating trait personality as a determinant of personality state alongside personality adaptability. Both studies indicated personality adaptability to be an individual difference with the factor models extracted, in both studies, indicating a single factor of personality adaptability. Personality adaptability was also shown to be distinct from self-monitoring and trait personality in both studies, and to be the most pervasive predictor of task performance when compared to trait personality and self-monitoring. In study 1, personality adaptability represented by goal directed state range accounted for up to 11% of the variance in the measures of task performance while task specific personality adaptability accounted for up to 47%. In study 2, personality adaptability accounted for up to 41% of the variance in measures of task performance. Self-monitoring and trait personality did not account for any unique variance in task performance within study 2. However, trait extraversion showed a similar effect to goal directed state range on task 1 performance, within study 1 (Beta = .23 and .21, respectively). Personality adaptability was not shown in either study to be a significant predictor of satisfaction with life. Rather the trait personality and self-monitoring factors were the unique predictors of this dependent variable.
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Salmon, Anderson Tricia. "Sickle Cell Trait and Genetic Counseling." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4020.
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Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a very prevalent disorder in the United States, especially among African Americans or people of African descent. However, even with the prevalence of the disorder, there are no standardized guidelines for providing patients with information about SCT and the implications of the disorder at physicals and well-check visits. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to increase awareness for African American patients 18-44 years old in the practice setting about SCT and to provide options for testing and genetic counseling. Kotter's contemporary change theory was used as a guide to implement the new practice approach. A quasi-experimental, single-group, pretest-posttest-only design was used to explore the relationship between providing consistent SCT education and the impact on the rate of SCT screening and genetic counseling. A total of 71 patients participated in the program. The analysis showed a significant (p < 0.001) mean difference of 18.16 points from the preintervention SCT and genetics test mean, which indicated that the intervention was successful in raising SCT and genetics knowledge scores among the target population. The results demonstrated that the implementation of SCT education in the practice setting can enhance social implications related to SCT awareness and opportunities for SCT testing and genetic counseling. The implementation of SCT clinical guidelines can help to increase awareness about SCT and improve the overall population health and reduce the financial burden affiliated with care of those with sickle cell disease and SCT complications.
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Brasier, Kyle Geoffrey. "Physiological Traits and Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Soft Red Winter Wheat." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89216.
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Development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars capable of more efficient uptake and utilization of applied nitrogen (N) has the potential to increase grower profitability and reduce negative environmental consequences associated with N lost from the plant-soil system. The first study sought to evaluate genotypic variation for N use efficiency (NUE) and identify lines consistently expressing high or low NUE under two or more N rates in a total of 51 N-environments. The results indicated that significant genotype by N rate interactions were frequently observed when trials utilized at least three N rates and identified wheat lines with high and stable yield potential that varied in performance under low N conditions. In addition, NUE was associated with above-ground biomass at physiological maturity were found to be both highly heritable across multiple N supplies. In the second study, two bi-parental mapping populations having a common low ('Yorktown') and two high (VA05W-151 and VA09W-52) NUE parents were characterized to dissect the genetics underlying N response. The populations were evaluated in eight N-environments and genotyped using single-nucleotide polymorphism data derived from a genotyping-by-sequencing protocol to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with high NUE. Six QTL for NUE were identified on chromosomes 1D, 2D, 4A, 6A, 7A, and 7D that were associated with N use efficiency. The QTL on 2D and 4A co-localized with known loci governing photoperiod sensitivity and resistance to Fusarium head blight (caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), respectively. Three of the identified QTL (6A, 7A, and 7D) were associated with NUE in previous investigations, while the QTL on 1D was novel. The final experiment employed a small panel of soft red winter wheat lines to study the effects of photoperiod alleles on chromosome 1D (Ppd-D1) on yield-related traits under three or five N rates that were variably split over two growth stages in eight environments. The results validated the effect of a photoperiod sensitive allele (Ppd-D1b) that was associated with increased grain yield across N rates in half of the Virginia testing environments and under low N rates in all Ohio testing sites at the expense of grain N content. Yield advantages conferred by the Ppd-D1b allele were attributable to increased floret fertility and kernel number per spike. The findings from these studies have direct application for winter wheat breeding programs targeting NUE improvements.Doctor of Philosophy
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) products account for a significant percentage of the total dietary calories and protein consumed globally. To meet production demands, wheat requires efficient nitrogen (N) management to ensure continued grower profitability and to reduce negative environmental impacts of N lost from agricultural systems. This dissertation sought to evaluate variation among wheat lines for N use efficiency (NUE), assess the performance of wheat lines under multiple N supplies, validate traits that are associated with NUE, investigate the role of photoperiod sensitivity genes on N response, and identify regions of the wheat genome associated with high N use efficiency. These studies were conducted using panels of winter wheat lines grown under two or more N conditions over a combined 32 location-years. Results of Chapter I identified variation in cultivar response to N rates was more frequently observed when a greater number of N rates were used in trials of wheat N response. The first chapter also identified variation among wheat lines for NUE and identified lines that consistently produce high grain yields over N-location-years. In addition, above-ground biomass at physiological maturity was found to be strongly associated with grain yield under all N rates and was highly heritable in both studies. Chapter II utilized a combination of genetic and observable trait data to perform genetic analysis in two bi-parental populations grown in eight Nlocation-years. The study identified reproducible and significant genetic markers associated with NUE for application in wheat breeding programs. Upon analysis of photoperiod sensitive versus insensitive wheat lines in Chapter III, photoperiod sensitive wheat lines had a significant yield advantage under N-limited conditions in Ohio and across N treatments in half of the Virginia testing location-years. This resulted from an increased number of kernels per spike and fertile florets in photoperiod sensitive wheat lines. Results from this dissertation suggest that active breeding and selection for N response may be achieved through the employment of high NUE genes and the continued identification of adapted high NUE wheat parental lines.
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McClure, Matthew Charles Taylor J. "Genome scan in commercial angus cattle for quantitative trait loci influencing growth, carcass, and reproductive traits." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7006.
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The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 6, 2010). Vita. Thesis advisor: Jeremy Taylor. "July 2009" Includes bibliographical references.
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Terrien, Sarah. "Approche psychopathologique dimensionnelle de la schizophrénie et du trouble bipolaire : exploration des processus cognitifs d’intégration des informations contextuelles sémantiques et sémantico-émotionnelles, études en potentiels évoqués." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML009.
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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une approche dimensionnelle de la psychopathologie et son objectif est d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances au champ de recherche qui considère l’existence d’un continuum entre schizophrénie et trouble bipolaire ainsi qu’entre traits de personnalité et pathologies. Afin d’explorer ces continuums, nous avons étudié, grâce à la méthode des potentiels évoqués cognitifs et l’étude de certaines de leurs composantes (N400, LPC), les processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantique et sémantico-émotionnel dans la schizophrénie, le trouble bipolaire, les traits de personnalité schizotypique et les traits de personnalité hypomaniaque. Premièrement, nous avons montré, que les patients schizophrènes stabilisés et les patients bipolaires euthymiques présentent des patterns de modulation de la N400 différents lors de tâches impliquant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantique ou sémantico-émotionnel. Néanmoins, ces résultats en défaveur de l’existence d’un continuum entre schizophrénie et trouble bipolaire pourraient être la conséquence de l’absence de symptomatologie commune entre nos deux échantillons de patients. Deuxièmement, les résultats des études portant sur la population pathologique et ceux des études portant sur la population générale présentant des traits de personnalité semblent en faveur de l’existence d’un continuum entre population générale et pathologie. En effet, les personnes présentant des traits de personnalité hypomaniaque présentent des similitudes dans les atteintes des processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantique et sémantico-émotionnel avec les patients bipolaires, et les personnes présentant des traits de personnalité schizotypique présentent des similitudes dans les atteintes des processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantico-émotionnel avec les patients schizophrènes. L’ensemble de nos résultats associés à ceux de la littérature semblent en faveur d’une approche dimensionnelle de la psychopathologie bipolaire et schizophrénique où les symptômes, davantage que le diagnostic, doivent être envisagés comme le point central du continuumThis work is part of a dimensional approach of the psychopathology. Its goal is to bring new knowledge to the field of research that considers the existence of a continuum between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as between personality traits and pathologies. In order to explore these continuums, we have studied, thanks to event-related potential method and the study of N400 and LPC components, neurocognitive processes involved in the integration of semantic and semantico-emotional context in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizotypal personality traits and hypomanic personality traits. We have first demonstrated that stabilized schizophrenic patients and euthymic bipolar patients have different patterns of the N400 modulation during tasks involving semantic and semantico-emotional integration. However, these results against the existence of a continuum between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder could be due to the lack of common symptoms in both samples. Secondly, the results of our studies dealing with clinical population and those dealing with general population with personality traits seem to be in favor to the existence of a continuum between general population and pathology. As a matter of fact individuals with hypomanic personality traits have similitude with bipolar patients in disturbance in neurocognitive processes involved in the integration of semantic and semantico-emotional context. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal personality traits have common difficulties with schizophrenic patients in neurocognitive processes involved in semantico-emotional context integration. The results of our investigation, combined with those in the literature, are in favor of a dimensional approach of schizophrenic and bipolar psychopathology. And this approach is more about considering the symptoms as the central point of the continuum rather than the diagnostic
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Tam, Kim-pong. "Culture and self-enhancement above-average effect as a function of personal trait importance and cultural trait importance /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37047607.
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Santana, Morant Dámaris. "Bayesian mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012166.
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Carlborg, Örjan. "New methods for mapping quantitative trait loci /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för husdjurens genetik], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://projkat.slu.se/SafariDokument/210.htm.
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Kobelt, Sally Rebecca. "Children's understanding of state and trait anxiety /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SS.PS/09ss.psk757.pdf.
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Hughes, LaRon Maurice. "Hypothesis building using the Animal Trait Ontology." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Martinez, de la Vega Octavio. "Quantitative trait loci estimation in plant populations." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358346.
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du, Rocher A. R. "Trait anxiety, cognitive control, and visual affect." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2018. http://research.gold.ac.uk/23279/.
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High anxiety may relate to the enhanced processing of threat-related stimuli, enhanced cognitive distraction, and/or altered conflict resolution. It was the purpose of this thesis to carry out a series of behavioural experiments designed to tap into these neuro-cognitive functions. Facial stimuli were used in computerised reaction time experiments. Personality traits were assessed using psychometric measures. The primary aim of this thesis was to determine how trait anxiety (and social anxiety) relates to the recognition of emotional facial expressions, how trait anxiety relates to distraction by other emotional faces (or emotional words) when identifying emotional facial expressions, how trait anxiety relates to differences in how emotional conflict resolution is achieved, and to determine how trait anxiety relates to other personality traits. Moreover this work aimed to develop a novel emotional face conflict resolution paradigm that is grounded in neuroscientific theory. Results showed that high trait and social anxiety are (differentially) related to the enhanced processing of threat-related faces, but provided no evidence that trait anxiety is related to distraction caused by peripheral emotional faces (threat-related or otherwise). However, we found a very specific distracting effect of happy words that was related to trait anxiety. We found that trait anxiety was somewhat related to conflict resolution but further work is required before this relationship can be properly understood. These results are discussed in detail, in relation to established theories of anxiety. My original contribution to knowledge is a detailed analysis of how sub-clinical levels of anxiety relate to emotional face discrimination, emotional distraction (when emotional face discrimination is required), and emotional conflict resolution (when emotional face discrimination is required). My original contribution to knowledge is also a detailed examination of how sub-clinical anxiety relates to other personality constructs, and the development of a novel but scientifically grounded emotional face flanker task.
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Barton, Andrew David. "Trait-based approaches to marine microbial ecology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69465.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The goal of this thesis is to understand how the functional traits of species, biotic interactions, and the environment jointly regulate the community ecology of phytoplankton. In Chapter 2, I examined Continuous Plankton Recorder observations of diatom and dinoflagellate abundance in the North Atlantic Ocean and interpreted their community ecology in terms of functional traits, as inferred from laboratory- and field-based data. A spring-to-summer ecological succession from larger to smaller cell sizes and from photoautotrophic to mixotrophic and ieterotrophic phytoplankton was apparent. No relationship between maximum net growth rate and cell size or taxonomy was found, suggesting that growth and loss processes nearly balance across a range of cell sizes and between diatoms and dinoflagellates. In Chapter 3, I examined a global ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem model that indicated a decrease in) phytoplankton diversity with increasing latitude, consistent with observations of many marine and terrestrial taxa. Ii the modeled subpolar oceans, seasonal variability of the environment led to the competitive exclusion of phytoplankton with slower growth rates and to lower diversity. The relatively weak seasonality of the stable subtropical and tropical oceans in the global model enabled long exclusion timescales and prolonged coexistence of multiple phytoplankton with comparable fitness. Superimposed on this meridional diversity decrease were "hot spots" of enhanced diversity in soc regions of energetic ocean circulation which reflected a strong influence of lateral dispersal. In Chapter 4, I investigated how small-scale fluid turbulence affects phytoplankton nutrient uptake rates and community structure in an idealized resource competition model. The flux of nutrients to the cell and nutrient uptake are enhanced by turbulence, particularly for big cells in turbulent conditions. Yet with a linear loss form of grazing, turbulence played little role in regulating model community structure and the smallest cell size outcompeted all others because of its significantly lower R* (the minimum nutrient requirement at equilibrium). With a quadratic loss form of grazing, however, the coexistence of many phytoplankton sizes was possible and turbulence played a role in selecting the number of coexisting size classes and the dominant size class. The impact of turbulence on community structure in the ocean may be greatest in relatively nutrient-deplete regions that experience episodic inputs of turbulence kinetic energy.
by Andrew David Barton.
Ph.D.
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Sinclair, H. E. "Trait emotional intelligence and borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/855096/.
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Part 1: The Literature Review explores the association between Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEl) and emotion regulation (ER). Twenty-four studies met the review's inclusion criteria and their contributions to the TEl and ER literature are discussed. The studies suggest that high TEl is linked with a greater sensitivity to emotional information and enhanced ER ability. The review concludes that TEl may be an interesting and important concept for further investigation, especially in populations with ER difficulties. Part 2: The Empirical Paper explores the associations between TEl, ER difficulties, and mindfulness ability in those with and without a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). TEl, ER difficulty, and mindfulness scores were found to be correlated for the entire sample. Individuals with a diagnosis of BPD reported statistically significantly lower TEl, greater difficulties in ER and reduced mindfulness skills compared to the Non-Clinical sample. The research and clinical implications of the study, along with its limitations, are discussed. Part 3: The Critical Appraisal reflects on the personal motivations for the research. In addition, process issues which arose from the research are discussed. Finally, in reference to the clinical implications of the study, further areas for investigation are considered and recommendations made.
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Logeswaran, Sayanthan. "Mapping quantitative trait loci in microbial populations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4881.
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Linkage between markers and genes that affect a phenotype of interest may be determined by examining differences in marker allele frequency in the extreme progeny of a cross between two inbred lines. This strategy is usually employed when pooling is used to reduce genotyping costs. When the cross progeny are asexual the extreme progeny may be selected by multiple generations of asexual reproduction and selection. In this thesis I will analyse this method of measuring phenotype in asexual cross progeny. The aim is to examine the behaviour of marker allele frequency due to selection over many generations, and also to identify statistically significant changes in frequency in the selected population. I will show that stochasticity in marker frequency in the selected population arises due the finite initial population size. For Mendelian traits, the initial population size should be at least in the low to mid hundreds to avoid spurious changes in marker frequency in the selected population. For quantitative traits the length of time selection is applied for, as well as the initial population size, will affect the stochasticity in marker frequency. The longer selection is applied for, the more chance of spurious changes in marker frequency. Also for quantitative traits, I will show that the presence of epistasis can hinder changes in marker frequency at selected loci, and consequently make identification of selected loci more difficult. I also show that it is possible to detect epistasis from the marker frequency by identifying reversals in the direction of marker frequency change. Finally, I develop a maximum likelihood based statistical model that aims to identify significant changes in marker frequency in the selected population. I will show that the power of this statistical model is high for detecting large changes in marker frequency, but very low for detecting small changes in frequency.
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Avelar, Ana Teresa. "Chromosomal structure: a selectable trait for evolution." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8576.
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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Evolutionary BiologyEvolution is driven by biological diversity, which is displayed by different phenotypes. These phenotypes arise as a coordinated response to the genetic composition of each organism. Chromosomal rearrangements (CRs), such as inversions and translocations, are a type of mutation contributing both to be-tween and within species phenotypic variation. Additionally, they are a promi-nent feature of several types of cancer, in particular lymphomas. However, unlike other types of mutations, the effects of inversions and translocations have not yet been directly quantified. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the mitotic and meiotic effects of CRs and to understand if chromosomal di-versity is an important macromutation for the generation of biological diversity. Initially, we asked whether chromosomal rearrangements are a poly-morphic mutation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We found, like others, that karyotype differences are very common in S. pombe isolates in spite of nucleotide diversity of the order observed within species diversity. This fact led us to test the genetic isolation between the natural iso-lates by scoring hybrid viabilities in pairwise crosses. We found that in some cases hybrid viability was severely impaired. These results prompted us to measure the meiotic and mitotic effects of single CRs in an otherwise isogenic background.(...)
This dissertation was sponsored by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Apoio financeiro da FCT e do FSE no âmbito do Quadro Comunitário de apoio, BD nº SFRH/BD/33214/2007.
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Stettler, Benjamin Andrew. "Visuospatial Attention and Autism Spectrum Trait Expression." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27992.
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Pseudoneglect (PN: Bowers & Heilman, 1980) references neurotypical leftward attentional bias reflective of right hemisphere (RH) specialization for spatial attention. Phasic visual cues can alter PN magnitude (McCourt et al., 2005). Tonic leftward bisection error for Uncued (UC) lines and its modulation with left (LC) and right (RC) cues were confirmed. Reported Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) neurobehavioral concomitants include greater lateralized RH function (Floris et al., 2015), narrowed visuospatial attentional spotlight (Robertson et al., 2013), reduced leftward bias in the grayscales task (English et al., 2015), and facial processing deficits. Neurotypical individuals’ judgments for chimeric faces and cued line bisection tasks were recorded, and analyzed as a function of their Autism Spectrum-Quotient (ASQ) scores. We find two distinct visual attention processing differences associated with high autistic trait expression. ASQ score, handedness, gender, and age were predictive of PN modulation UC to RC and degree of leftward bias for chimeric faces.
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Krapohl, Eva Maria Laura. "Multi-variable approaches to polygenic trait prediction." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multivariable-approaches-to-polygenic-trait-prediction(1e69a4a3-f89b-4646-980e-02031d5c23d3).html.
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Robust evidence for the polygenicity and genetic correlations of complex traits across the phenome suggests both the necessity of polygenic instruments and the value of multi-trait prediction models. This thesis used multi-variable approaches in four papers and along two main threads: Multi-variable approaches to trait prediction A primary goal of polygenic scores, which aggregate effects of trait-associated variants discovered in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), is to estimate individual-specific genetic propensities to predict trait variation. This is typically achieved using one polygenic score predicting one outcome. Extending this to a multi-variable approach, a ‘phenome-wide analysis of genome-wide polygenic scores’ mapped associations between 13 polygenic scores created from GWAS for psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits and 50 behavioural traits. Extending the multi-variable approach further, a multi-polygenic score approach was employed to increase prediction by exploiting the joint power of multiple discovery GWAS in the same model. A regularised regression model combining summary statistics of 81 trait GWAS improved out-of-sample prediction of three child outcomes over the best single-predictor model. Multi-variable approaches to gene-environment correlation Although geneenvironment correlation is widely investigated by family studies and recently by SNP-heritability studies, the possibility that genetic effects on traits capture environmental risk factors or protective factors has been neglected by polygenic prediction models. First, a study using genome-wide SNP-heritability estimation and polygenic score analysis provided the first molecular evidence for substantial genetic influence on differences in children’s educational achievement and its association with family socio-economic status. Second, covariation between offspring trait-associated polygenic variation and a wide range of parent-mediated environmental exposures was estimated. For this, a mixed linear model estimated the effects of multiple polygenic scores on each environmental exposure while controlling for overall relatedness by fitting the effects of all SNPs as random effects. Findings illustrate the relevance of gene-environment correlation for polygenic prediction models. Taken together, the analyses illustrate the value of multi-variable approaches to complex trait prediction, as well as their current limitations and future potential.
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Barnhart, Gwendolyn S. "Psychometric Development of the Autism Trait Survey." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1621285830016343.
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