Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trait decay'
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Defendini, Hélène. "Bases génétiques et conséquences évolutives de la perte de sexe dans le groupe des pucerons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARA094.
Sexual reproduction is considered the ancestral reproductive mode of eukaryotes, yet it has been lost several times in many taxa. Understanding the mechanisms by which asexual lineages appear and persist over time remains a major challenge of evolutionary biology. During my PhD, I investigated the genetic basis as well as the evolutionary consequences of sex loss in aphids, a group that displays reproductive polymorphism. The ancestral reproductive mode of aphids is cyclical parthenogenesis (CP, an alternation of several parthenogenetic generations and one sexual generation), but obligate parthenogenesis (OP) is frequently observed in this group. Derived OP lineages are not able to produce sexual females though they often retain the ability to produce males. First, to characterize genomic regions involved in the transition from CP to OP reproductive mode, we used genome scan approaches on different aphid taxa that are more or less genetically related and exhibit variation in reproductive mode. We showed that the genetic basis of sex loss is different between the studied taxa, with no apparent convergence in gene content norfunctions. Thus, several independent genomic regions may be responsible for sex loss in aphids, suggesting that there are many paths that lead to asexuality in this group. Second, we studied the evolutionary consequences of the loss of sex on traits and genes essential for sexual reproduction. Since the males produced by OP lineages are unlikely to pass on their genes (because CP lineages are usually separated from OP ones), we tested the prediction that male traits should degenerate. Male production was indeed reduced in OP lineages, supposedly resulting from counter-selection, but male reproductive success was only slightly lower than in CP lineages, presumably due to the slow action of relaxed selection orunderestimation of reproductive opportunities. As OP lineages produce rare males and also do not produce sexual females, the gene expression of parthenogenetic females in these OP lineages is no longer constrained by that of other morphs. We thus predicted that the disappearance of sexual conflict (which arises when there are different morph-specific optima for a trait shared by different morphs) would result in shifts of gene expression. We therefore compared gene expression patterns of CP and OP lineages for different morphs in the pea aphid. We observed that gene expression in males from OP lineages tended towards the parthenogenetic female optimum, as predicted by theory. More surprisingly, males and parthenogenetic females of OP lineages consistently over-expressed genes typically expressed in the gonads of sexual morphs. These changes in gene expression in OP lineages may arise from the relaxation of selection or the repurposing of gene networks otherwise used in sexual lineages. This thesis illustrates the relevance of using species with polymorphic reproductive systems to understand the evolutionary history of sex loss and its consequences
Minbashi, Niloofar. "Applying Data Analytics to Freight Train Delays in Shunting Yards." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284672.
Europeiska kommissionen har förutspått en markansandel på 30% framtill 2030 för järnvägstransporter av gods. För att uppnå denna ökning krävsökad tillförlitlighet hos järnvägstransporttjänster. Rangergodsbangårdars optimalafunktion är ett av de områden som kan förbättra denna tillförlitlighet.Rangergodsbangårdar stora områden som är avsedda för att koppla ihopgodståg för sändning till nya destinationer. Deras produktivitet har en direktinverkan på järnvägsnätets totala prestanda. Därför krävs analys och modelleringav avvikelser från dessa noder för att förbättra interaktionen mellanrangergodsbangårdar och järnvägsnätet. I papper I undersöks sannolikheten och den tidsmässiga fördelningen avavvikelser med hjälp av en stor datamängd som omfattar 250 000 avgångaröver sju år från två rangergodsbangårdar (Malmö och Hallsberg) i Sverige.Sannolikhetsdistributioner av avvikelser jämförs med fyra huvuddistributioner,exponentiell, log-normal, gamma och Weibull enligt de maximalasannolikhetsuppskattningarna och resultaten av Anderson-Darling godhetav passningstest. Log-normal och gamma visar sig passa bäst för avvikelser:den förstnämnda vid förseningar och den senare vid tidiga avgångar. I dentidsmässiga fördröjningsfördelningen är de veckovisa och månatliga men inteårliga försenade avgångarna positivt korrelerade med järnvägsnätets nyttjandegrad.För försenade avgångar per timme visar dock en rangergodsbangårdsom är inblandad i internationell trafik ingen korrelation mellan försenadeavgångar och järnvägsnätets nyttjandegrad, medan en inhemsk rangergodsbangårdvisaren signifikant negativ korrelation mellan dessa två parametrar.Resultaten från denna avhandling bidrar till en bättre förståelse av avvikelserfrån rangergodsbangårdar och kan användas för att förbättra drift och kapacitetsutnyttjandeav rangergodsbangårdar växelplatser i framtida modeller. Papper II och III analyserar förhållandet mellan trängsel i ankomstgårdenoch avgångsförseningar med hjälp av samma datamängd som i papperI. Enligt tidigare analyser spelar trängsel en viktig roll vid förseningar förrangergodsbangårdar. Trängsel definieras som antalet ankommande tåg föreavgångstid och papper II analyserar detta förhållande som begränsar ankomsteroch avgångar mellan de två rangergodsbangårdar med beaktande av olikatidsperioder före avgång, medan papper III utvecklar analysen genom attdefiniera trängselnivån under en fast tidsperiod före avgångstid inklusive allaankomster och avgångar. Med tanke på datamängden som användes i analysenvisar resultaten att det inte finns något signifikant samband mellan trängselni ankomstgården och tågens förseningar. Det är möjligt att trängsel kanskeinte påverkar tågens avgångsfördröjningar, men det kan påverka vagnarnasavgångsfördröjningar på grund av missad vagnanslutning eller öka vagnenstomgångstid, vilket kan undersökas med vid tillgång av vagnanslutningsdata.Dessutom kan framtida vidareutveckling av definitionen av trängsel som påen detaljerad nivå täcker rangergodsbangårdars alla delar, leda till ytterligareförbättrade analyser.
QC 20201105
Shift2Rail
FR8HUB
Sundqvist, Frej. "Developing Markov chain models for train delay evolution in winter climate." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-179526.
Fakhraei, Roudsari Farzad. "Spatial, temporal and size distribution of freight train time delay in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-59708.
Karthikeyan, Arun Kumar, and Praveen Kumar Mani. "Visual and Analytical Support for Real-time Evaluation of Railway Traffic Re-scheduling Alternatives During Disturbances." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4299.
Nilsson, Robert, and Kim Henning. "Predictions of train delays using machine learning." Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230224.
Tågförseningar inträffar dagligen i Stockholms pendeltågstrafik. Det orsakar att resenärerna själva kan bli försenade till deras destinationer. För att hitta den mest träffsäkra metoden för att förutspå tågförseningar jämfördes maskininlärningsmetoderna beslutsträd, med och utan AdaBoost, och artificiella neuronnät med olika inställningar. Det artificiella neuronnätet gav det bästa resultatet när det användes med 3 lager och 22 neuroner i varje lager. Dess förseningsförutsägelse hade ett genomsnittligt fel på 122 sekunder jämfört med den verkliga förseningen. Det kan därför vara den bästa metoden för att förutspå tågförseningar. Den här studien hade dock väldigt begränsat med tid och mer information om tågavgångar hade behövts samlas in.
Granlöf, Markus. "A study of the effects of winterclimate and atmospheric icing onhigh-speed passenger trains." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171868.
Chin, Elizabeth D. "Symptom Experience and Treatment Delay during Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/30.
Newhall, William George. "Wideband Propagation Measurement Results, Simulation Models, and Processing Techniques for a Sliding Correlator Measurement System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35678.
Presented in this Thesis are fundamental theory, practical implementation, and simulation models for a sliding correlator measurement system. The sliding correlator technique is explained in detail and large-scale measurement survey is presented. Techniques for statistically quantifying the characteristics of propagation using the sliding correlator measurements are presented and compared. The development of simulations of the sliding correlator system is described, and simulation results are used to test conventional and newly developed post-processing algorithms.
This Thesis presents a practical view of the sliding correlator measurement system, but its foundations are rooted in the theoretical results which are explained and derived herein. Propagation researchers and students in the wireless communication field may find this work and the cited references useful for continued study of wideband propagation measurements or for application of the sliding correlator system as a wideband measurement solution.
Master of Science
Oharek, Aleš. "Zvyšování bezpečnosti a výkonnosti navigace dopravních letadel po trati letu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228554.
Coelho, Mônica Andrigo Moreira de Ulhoa. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala de avaliação da primeira infância para bebês e crianças DECA I/T (Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Infants And Toddlers)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20514.
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Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP
The subject of this master´s dissertation is related to early childhood and resilience in infants (four weeks to 18 months old) and toddlers (18 to 36 months old). The study aimed at translating into Portuguese and transculturally adapting the early childhood assessment for infants and toddlers named ―Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Infants and Toddlers‖ (DECA I/T), developed by Gregg Powell, Mary Mackrain and Paul LeBuffe, owned by The Devereux Foundation, edited and published by Kaplan Early Learning Corporation in 2007. DECA I/T assessment measures the social and emotional protective factors (attachment/relationship, initiative and self-regulation) to evaluate and indicate the strength of such factors in infants and toddlers. For the translation and transcultural adaptation of the assessment, the guidelines of Hambleton and Patsula (1998) and Souza and Rojjanasrirat (2010) were generally used. The procedure consisted of the following steps: (a) translation of the original instrument in English into Portuguese by two Brazilian, bilingual, independent translators, being one of them a sworn-translator, both of them familiarized with the Brazilian and American cultures, and without knowledge in Psychology; (b) comparison and consolidation of both translated versions by the researcher, who acted as a third translator, and review of the synthetized version; (c) back-translation of the consolidated version in Portuguese into English by another American, bilingual, independent translator, fluent in Portuguese, familiarized with the Brazilian and American cultures and not working in the Psychology area, followed by review and approval of the final version of the assessment in Portuguese by an Expert Committee; (d) application of the Portuguese final version in a pilot project. The translated DECA I was applied to and responded by 13 evaluators (six mothers, one grandmother, one father and five nursery caregivers of infants). A total of 12 infants were evaluated (one of them was evaluated by the father and the nursery caregiver). The translated DECA T was applied to and responded by 13 evaluators (six mothers, one grandmother, two room assistants, two educators e two teachers of toddlers). A total of 19 toddlers were evaluated (two room assistants evaluated two toddlers each, two educators evaluated three toddlers each, and two teachers evaluated three toddlers each). After application of the pilot project, the translation into Portuguese of DECA I/T was considered culturally adapted and apt for future validation
O tema da dissertação de mestrado é ligado à primeira infância e à resiliência em bebês (de quatro semanas a 18 meses de idade) e crianças (de 18 a 36 meses de idade). O objetivo do trabalho foi traduzir para o português e realizar a adaptação transcultural da escala de avaliação da primeira infância para bebês e crianças denominada Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Infants and Toddlers (DECA I/T), criada e desenvolvida por Gregg Powell, Mary Mackrain e Paul LeBuffe, detida pela The Devereux Foundation, editada e publicada por Kaplan Early Learning Corporation em 2007. A escala DECA I/T mede os fatores de proteção sociais e emocionais (apego/relacionamento, iniciativa e autorregulação) para avaliar e indicar a força desses fatores em bebês e crianças. Para realização da tradução e adaptação transcultural foram utilizadas, em linhas gerais, as diretrizes e orientações de Hambleton e Patsula (1998) e Souza e Rojjanasrirat (2010). O procedimento consistiu das seguintes etapas: (a) tradução do instrumento original em inglês para o português por duas tradutoras brasileiras independentes e bilíngues, sendo uma delas juramentada, ambas familiarizadas com a cultura brasileira e americana e sem conhecimento em psicologia; (b) comparação e unificação das duas versões traduzidas pela pesquisadora, que atuou como terceira tradutora, e revisão da versão unificada; (c) retrotradução da versão unificada para o inglês por outro tradutor independente bilíngue, estadunidense, fluente em português, familiarizado com a cultura brasileira e a americana e não atuante na área de psicologia, seguida de revisão e aprovação da versão final da escala em português por Comitê de Especialistas; (d) aplicação da versão final em português em um projeto piloto. A DECA I traduzida foi aplicada e respondida por 13 avaliadores (seis mães, uma avó, um pai e cinco berçaristas de bebês). No total foram avaliados 12 bebês, sendo um deles avaliado pelo pai e pela berçarista. A DECA T foi aplicada e respondida por 13 avaliadores (seis mães, uma avó, duas assistentes de sala, duas educadoras e duas professoras de crianças). No total foram avaliadas 19 crianças, pois duas assistentes de sala avaliaram duas crianças cada, duas educadoras avaliaram, cada uma, três crianças, e duas professoras avaliaram, cada uma, três crianças. Após a aplicação do projeto piloto, a tradução para o português da DECA I/T foi considerada culturalmente adaptada e apta para futura validação
Mell, Hugo. "Fast-slow strategies in human populations : applying insights from life history theory to explain patterns of interindividual variation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE074.
Social gradients in behavior have been documented across various domains of people’s lives. In western countries, low SES individuals tend for instance to invest less in their education, to smoke more, are more subject to overweight and are more willing to take risks in financial settings. Being exposed to deprivation therefore seems to elicit a constellation of behaviors that appear to covary in a systematic fashion. This behavioral constellation of deprivation has been mostly interpreted as the product of poor decision making abilities, of a general failure of willpower. In this dissertation we explore a different interpretation that is rooted in adaptive explanations of human behavior. Instead of viewing the behaviors of low SES individuals as suboptimal deviations from a global optimum, they are seen as adjustments of people’s overall life strategies that are, from an evolutionary point of view, adaptive in the particular context of a deprived ecology. Indeed, we will explore the idea that deprived environments select for strategies that put more weight on present outcomes over uncertain future outcomes, and that this present orientation in low SES individuals propagates across a range of decision domains, giving rise to the constellation. To this aim, we first use structural equation models on observational data from a diversity of samples, to analyze the covariation between peoples’ behaviors in several relevant domains (health, reproduction, social trust) and their exposure to deprivation during childhood and/or adulthood. Overall, we find that a lower somatic effort tends to covary with a more short-term reproductive strategy, as well as lower social trust. This pattern is associated with a higher exposure to deprivation, with unique effects of early life conditions. In addition to this empirical work, we further investigate the theoretical underpinnings of our working hypotheses, from an adaptationist perspective. Specifically, we build a formal life history model to predict optimal changes in discounting within and between individuals. This allows us to highlight that the extent to which individuals prefer short-term rewards, should vary depending on two main parameters: 1) the uncertainty around their ability to actually collect delayed rewards, and 2) the opportunity costs of not having the reward during the delay. Finally, we conclude by discussing the promising perspective of further integrating the approach adopted in the present thesis, with more traditional social and behavioural sciences
Mihajlo, Jecković. "Ultrazvučna dijagnostika upalnih oboljenja creva u komparaciji sa magnetnom rezonancom u dečjem i adolescentnom dobu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100637&source=NDLTD&language=en.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammatory diseases are manifested through two clinical entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their significance lies in the chronicity and the degree to which they restrict the growth and development of children and youth. There are many consenquences that come with the very nature of the disease, in addition to long-term absence from school, limiting life activities and the occurrence of complications that often affect other organ systems. The etiology of the disease has long been in favor of the theory that a chronic inflammatory process in genetically conditioned individual is provoking an inflammation due to a certain infectious agent. However, a step closer was made regarding the etiology of the disease - when the genetic basis of inheritance studies have revealed chronic inflammatory bowel diseases were associated with NOD2 gene. It is particularly important to prevent continuous exposure to the harmful effects of X-rays. Therefore, numerous studies have been made towards the validation of complementarity, accuracy and diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as noninvasive techniques. Our research was based on the capabilities of these two methods in their daily work for diagnosis and follow-up of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the aim was to define and compare the advantages and limitations between ultrasound diagnosis and magnetic resonance in inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 62 children and adolescents during the first attack of disease or recurrent stages of the disease, or during regular monitoring in remission. Patients included children of both sexes, aged 4-18. Then they were sorted into groups based on the type of the examination and the presence of a thickening of the intestinal wall into groups A and B - in these groups children were examined by ultrasound, A group had observed thickening of the intestinal wall > 3 mm whereas children in group B had had thickening of the intestinal wall between 2,5-3 mm. Based on the review of MRI children were divided into groups A1 and B1, also according to the criterion of bowel wall thickening greater than 3mm (A1) and between 2,5-3mm (B1). The research was conducted at the Institute for Health Protection of Children and Youth and the Institute of Radiology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The first review was made by ultrasound, followed by the review of magnetic resonance. Data were analyzed retrospectively and prospectively. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: thickening of the intestinal wall greater than 3 mm, the existence of disturbed intestinal wall architectural structure, no clear distinction of layers, abnormal thickening of certain intestinal segments, signs of fibrosis, the absence of peristalsis, expressed hyperemia on color Doppler, transmural inflammation, increased mesenterial lymph nodes as well as check-ups for children with previously established diagnosis. Endosccopy with biopsy has made for the definitive diagnosis and then we approached statistical analysis of the data obtained. The data are presented in graphs and tables. For parametric variables we used Man - Whitney U test. For categorical values χ2 and Fisher's test were used. Further the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were determined. Relationship between these two parameters were established using Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression model. For data processing we used the program SPSS Statistics 21, statistically significant values were taken p values <0.05. RESULTS: After statistical analysis there was no for the number of chronic inflammatory diseases between the sexes. Statistical significance was found in terms of age of the children during the acute phase as well as remission. Statistical significance was obtained for the observed thickness of the intestinal wall, intestinal hyperemia, the presence of fibrosis in the digestive tract. It was noted that US better demarcates children with acute disease in terms of involvement of segments. Other features are not observed as significant after the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: The initial hypothesis of this study, after data processing were confirmed. By determining the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound MRI results we came to the following results: sensitivity of ultrasound was 88,4% versus 92,3%, for magnetic resonance. In terms of specifics UZ has a 88% and 91,6% of magnetic resonance imaging. The classification of children in the acute phase of the disease as well as children in remission was better when MRI was used. The results of positive and negative predictions do not predict the probability of failure in neither of these methods.
Milliet, De Faverges Marie. "Développement et implémentation de modèles apprenants pour l’exploitation des grandes gares." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CNAM1283.
This thesis deals with uncertainty and robustness in decision problems, with the case of the train platforming problem subject to delays. A two-part methodology is proposed to address this problem. First, delay records are used to build models predicting probability distributions conditionnaly to a set of explanatory variables. A methodology to validate and evaluate these predictions is proposed to ensure their reliability for decision-making. As the train platforming problem can be seen as a weighted clique problem, these predicted distributions are used in a second part to add weights on edges to penalize risk of conflict. Local search algorithms are used and experiments show a significant decrease in conflicts
Grasreiner, Sebastian. "Combustion modeling for virtual SI engine calibration with the help of 0D/3D methods." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-90518.
Moderne Ottomotoren spielen heute sowohl in konventionellen als auch hybriden Fahrzeugantrieben eine große Rolle. Aktuelle Konzepte sind hochvariabel bezüglich Ventilsteuerung, Kraftstoffeinspritzung und Laststeuerung und ihre Optimierungspotentiale erwachsen zumeist aus neuen Softwarefunktionen. Deren Applikation ist zeit- und kostenintensiv und soll durch virtuelle Methoden unterstützt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein physikalisches 0D Verbrennungsmodell für Ottomotoren aufgebaut und bis zur praktischen Anwendung geführt. Dafür wurde zuerst die Thermodynamik echtzeitfähig modelliert und im gesamten Motorenkennfeld abgeglichen. Der Aufbau eines neuen Turbulenzmodells auf Basis der quasidimensionalen k-epsilon-Gleichung ermöglicht anschließend, die veränderlichen Einflüsse globaler Ladungsbewegung auf die Turbulenz abzubilden. Für den Brennverzug wurde ein vereinfachtes Modell abgeleitet, welches den Übergang von laminarer zu turbulenter Flammenausbreitung nach der Zündung in den Vordergrund stellt. Der restliche Brennverlauf wird durch die physikalische Ermittlung der turbulenten Brenngeschwindigkeit in einem 0D Entrainment-Ansatz dargestellt. Nach Validierung aller Teilmodelle erfolgt die virtuelle Bedatung der Momentenstruktur und der Abgastemperaturfunktion für das Motorsteuergerät
Lin, Tzu-Ya, and 林姿雅. "Development of Delay-Based Base Train Equivalents for Multiple-Type Train Operations." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72685302729051998977.
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
100
A conventional railway system usually has multiple types of trains with various service patterns operating on the same line. This difference in train characteristics lead to different capacity impacts on the system. Recently a new concept was proposed to use Base train equivalent (BTE) standardize different train type into base train; this concept is similar to Passenger car equivalent (PCE) on highway. By convert these non-base trains to a standardized unit we call the convert volume as base train units (BTU). However, previous study focuses on the development of BTE with analytical capacity models as opposed to delay-based capacity models, such as parametric or simulation models. Consequently, this research develops delay-based BTE models for delay-based capacity models. Since BTE is developed based capacity models its value also varies with key capacity factors, such as traffic, operating and route characteristics. However, in terms of a particular route, BTE would only vary with traffic volume and heterogeneity since most of the other factors will be fixed. Therefore, this study first develops dynamic BTE models with consideration of volume and heterogeneity. Besides that, this study also develops fixed BTE model with consideration of heterogeneity since its impact is far more significant than traffic volume. Another variation in the development is the number of train types. For only two-type train operations, BTE can be directly computed based on the developed BTE models. However, the same model cannot be directly applied to multiple-type train operations (three or more types) due to due to limited output of variables from the capacity models. This study adopts the concept of vector projection to identify single value for each BTE in this case. With the proposed models, the unit of delay-based rail capacity can be converted into a standard unit. The impact of an additional train can be easily assessed, and capacity measurements from different lines or systems can be compared and evaluated.
"Establishing a Biomarker of Cellular Aging for Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Investigating Their Regenerative Potential." Tulane University, 2019.
Hsin-IChen and 陳心一. "Long Distance Train Delay Prediction: Evidence from Taiwan Railway System." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62617643261656329122.
國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
98
Delay of railway trains is highly affecting reliability of the system, and has significant negative impact on customers' satisfaction. Simulation models often used in previous research and in practice to predict the train delay; due to the growth of the scale of system, it turned to be too costly to develop on such problem. This research suggesting an approach on predicts train delay in the short term by linear model and neural network. With the train operation data of Taiwan Railway Administration for three month, we build several models on predicting weather the train will be delayed on the terminal station, the number of delay incidents on the train's journey and the length ratio of delay time, based on the predictive factors of train, route and environment. We'd found that delay occurs much often on weekends and holidays; the congestion delay is not obvious in the research area; specific class of train had seriously high delay rates; delay increase from the morning to the evening in every single day; Tze-Chiang express have different delay condition on each directions of research section. This research suggests that the system operator should build a special holiday timetable, according to the different passenger characteristic and destination between working days and non-working days, also we should increase the headway progressively to avoid the delay accumulate on the time period in a day.
Lin, Yu-Min, and 林育民. "Exploring the Reasons of Train Delay: A Case Study of Tilting Train of Taiwan Railways Administration." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4wneqn.
國立宜蘭大學
應用經濟與管理學系經營管理碩士班
104
Railway transport require precise calculation and careful planning. Therefore system reliability is an important performance criteria. Railway system is a close system, thus if delay occur, other trains might also be affected, a form of “chain effect”. Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) tilting train delay data were collected and analyzed in this study. Train delay can divided into: station delay, train delay, route operation delay and other delay. After discovered main issue of train delay occurrence, this study provide suggestions for train delay prevention and improvement.
Huang, Pei-Tzu, and 黃佩慈. "Reliability Evaluation of a Multistate Railway Transportation Network with Train Delay." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h73c9x.
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
107
In order to relieve working pressure and daily hustle, tourism plays an indispensable role in people’s lives. For most travelers, railway transportation is the primary conveyance because of its convenience and cost-effective. Accordingly, it’s difficult to provide lots of travelers with train service, especially on holidays and special festivals. Significantly, to measure whether the railway transportation system can meet travelers’ requirements, this thesis focuses on investigating the network reliability of a railway transportation system from a travel agency perspective. In which, such network reliability can be treated as a carrying performance indicator. A railway transportation system can be modeled as a multistate railway transportation network (MRTN), in which each node represents a transfer station and each arc denotes a train carrying passengers between a pair of stations. This dissertation first considers a MRTN meeting single railway travel demand while trains are on schedule. Therefore, the network reliability of the MRTN is defined as the probability that a requested number of train carriages can be carried successfully from an origin to a final destination station. Moreover, a MRTN is further extended to each train may have delay conditions in the busy congested rail system. Under train delay consideration, a minimal train-path (MP) has a working probability that the connection still keeps. Regarding two models this study, the algorithms are proposed in terms of minimal paths to evaluate the network reliability. Additionally, the working probability of a MP is added to the reliability calculation in the extended model. Finally, a case study of the Taiwanese railway transportation system is utilized to demonstrate how to implement the proposed algorithms, and then discuss the managerial implications of the reliability to travel agency in their decision-making.
CHANG, YU-WEI, and 張祐瑋. "The impact of personal traits, age and domain knowledge on Decoy effect." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70667524541503594317.
國立臺北大學
國際企業研究所
104
The needs of people are various and unique, in order to meet the needs, researchers believe that the various sorts and varieties of selection can satisfies more widely of needs. However, Decoy Effect (a phenomenon that an option added increases the favorable perceptions of similar, but superior, items in the choice set) indicate that the preference of people can be changed by adding a decoy option. Everyone has different thoughts even they get the same message, the aims of the thesis are to know how consumers react to decoy effect; we want to know the impact of these factors on decoy effects, and the intensity of effects. 1. To verify how personal traits (self-confidence, need of cognition) affect decoy effect. 2. To verify the relationship between age and decoy effect. 3. To verify the relationship between domain knowledge and decoy effect. 4. To provide the reasoning relationship between different theories. The results of this study show that Domain Knowledge and Self-Confidence significantly attenuates the intensity of decoy effect. We inference that experts don’t need to reference the information provided by choice set; and high Self-Confidence people more likely to trust their own experience.
Wu, Nan-Lin, and 吳南霖. "Roles of TRAIL and decoy receptor 3 in epidermal keratinocyte terminal differentiation and inflammatory skin diseases." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26652209456456108051.
國立臺灣大學
藥理學研究所
101
Skin provides the primary barrier to prevent excessive water loss and protect against the external insults and invasion of pathogens. The homeostasis of normal skin is maintained by the balance between continuous replenishment of proliferating keratinocytes and well-controlled cell death. Cornification, the process of terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, is a special form of programmed cell death in skin and distinct from apoptotic cell death. These terminally differentiated, dead keratinocytes construct the outermost cornified layer, which is the principal barrier of skin. Skin homeostasis is also controlled by coordination between different cellular effectors in skin including epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and various immunocytes. Disturbance of skin homeostasis can lead to diverse disorders characterized by aberrant growth, cell death, differentiation or severe inflammation. Like immunocytes, epidermal keratinocytes also can express many members of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Although many functions of TNF and TNFR superfamily in immune cells have been revealed, the known biological roles in skin still remain limited. In our studies, we first tried to evaluate the effect of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is a well-known apoptosis inducer in transformed cells, on primary human epidermal keratinocytes, focusing on keratinocyte differentiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Secondly, we investigated the expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in psoriasis, which is characterized by aberrant keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. DcR3 is a soluble receptor of Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT (TNFSF14) and TNF-like molecule 1A (TL1A), and plays pleiotropic roles in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and malignant diseases. In cutaneous biology, DcR3 is expressed in primary human epidermal keratinocytes and is up-regulated in skin lesions of psoriasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of DcR3 over-expression in skin lesions of psoriasis are unknown. For the part I, we found TRAIL could induce the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers involucrin and type 1 transglutaminase in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The induction of differentiation occurred mainly under the activation of caspases 3 and 8, and apoptosis could also be triggered. Inhibition of these apoptotic caspases attenuated both of the apoptosis and differentiation of keratinocytes caused by TRAIL, but barely affected the induction of differentiation caused by calcium and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The differential regulation of ERK and p38 activation by TRAIL was also observed. Moreover, the degradation of p63 was induced by TRAIL-elicited caspase activation. However, the existence of p63 is essential for the initiation of keratinocyte differentiation caused by TRAIL because knockdown of ΔNp63 decreased the TRAIL-induced differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that TRAIL can be an inducer of both differentiation and apoptosis in human keratinocytes, and that caspases critically mediate these processes. This study identifies a new role of apoptotic caspases for terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and further elucidates the molecular pathways involved in this unique model of cell death. For part II, we demonstrate that DcR3 can be detected in both dermal blood vessels and epidermal layers of psoriatic skin lesions. Analysis of serum samples showed that DcR3 was elevated, but FasL was downregulated in psoriatic patients compared with normal individuals. Additional studies revealed a central role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in controlling the basal expression of DcR3 in keratinocytes. Activation of EGFR by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha strikingly upregulated DcR3 production. TNF-alpha enhanced DcR3 expression in both keratinocytes and endothelial cells compared with various inflammatory cytokines involved in psoriasis. Additionally, TNF-alpha-enhanced DcR3 expression in keratinocytes was inhibited when EGFR was knocked down or EGFR inhibitor was used. The NF-kappa B pathway was critically involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of EGFR and TNF-alpha. Collectively, the novel regulatory mechanisms of DcR3 expression in keratinocytes and endothelial cells provide new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Huan-Kuang, Chang, and 張煥光. "Analytic Time Delay Study of Train Failure Treatment Mode for MRT System - A Case Study of Metro Taipei." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93694150793715546417.
國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所
91
The major purpose of this dissertation is to clarify the train failure treatment procedure and delay time. Based on the system concept, FMEA method, and comprehensive MRT system we induced 8 modes of train failure treatment. Based on the work and time study we developed the optimistic, average, pessimism time standards for train subsystems. Through the case study of Metro Taipei and SPSS statistic analysis we summarized finding and suggestions of the correlated factors as environment, aging, human error, equipment, time value, operation for continuous improvement (CI). We also summarized our results and make some comments about future research.
Manitz, Juliane. "Statistical Inference for Propagation Processes on Complex Networks." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F38-B.
Conte, Carla. "Identifying dependencies among delays." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F124-2.