Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Training modalities'
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1
Porter, Laurel M. "Assessing Teacher Preference for Training Modalities for Behavior Intervention Plans." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7890.
Abstract:
Within public schools, teachers and instructors may require training to implement procedures listed in a behavior intervention plan (BIP) to support students with disabilities. It is crucial that teachers receive training that is both effective and efficient. Behavioral skills training (BST) and video modeling are two training modalities that are proven to be effective for a wide range of skills and learners. Written instructions, although they are not supported as an effective training method in the literature, can be used as task analysis for the steps that are needed to be performed for a procedure. At present, there is no standard for training teachers to implement BIP procedures and potentially effective training methods may be impacted by the amount of time training or the intensity of the training procedure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess teacher preference for training modalities and to assess the feasibility of each modality in terms of training time and intensity. The participants in this study overwhelmingly selected self-assessments for both pre- and post-assessment evaluations as well as written instructions for their training modality.
2
Akilan, Layla. "Exploring Feedback Modalities Using Wearable Device for Complex Systems Training Programs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1548197803609102.
3
Dyck, Ernest M. "Principles for the development of appropriate church planting training modalities in Venezuela." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
4
Bodkin, Amy Winter. "Home-based treadmill training in ambulatory children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2006.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. in Clinical Science) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-61). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
5
Manrique, Daniel R. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of three instructional modalities for best practices of military training and education." Thesis, TUI University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690543.
Abstract:
This study examined three different instructional delivery modalities in order to identify the best practices for training and education of military personnel from the Department of Defense (DOD) in preparation for supporting civilian authorities during emergencies, disasters, and catastrophic events. This quantitative research sought to identify the best practices for military education recognizing the instructional delivery that results in the highest student academic performance and the highest level of personal learning satisfaction in order to identify program effectiveness and maximize the use of educational budget for DOD.
The population for this research study consisted of nine hundred students (n=900), divided into three groups of 300 students who graduated from the US Army North (USARNORTH) training program for Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) course level II, conducted from 2012 to 2014. Each group was composed of five courses of 60 students each who have completed the Defense Support to Civilian Authorities (DSCA) program via one of the three instructional delivery methods: face-to-face instruction, n=300; digital instruction, n=300; or web-based instruction, n=300. This study used secondary data collected from 2012 to 2014 from students’ academic final grades and satisfaction survey feedback to identify the best instructional methodology. The finding after conducting all statistical analyses reveled that in fact the overall, type of instruction significantly affected participants’ reported course satisfaction and course success, even when controlling for educational level, branch of service, gender, and instructor teaching experience. Based upon the findings, participants who received face to face instruction had higher course success (final grades) than did participants who had web-based and digital instruction. Participants who had face-to-face instruction also reported higher course satisfaction than did participants who had web-based and digital instruction. When examining the differences between digital and web-based instruction, parametric and nonparametric findings suggests that when controlling for demographic covariates, participants who had web-based instruction were more likely to report higher satisfaction responses than were participants who had digital instruction. However, the results were mixed between webbased and digital instruction for course success. Finally, the results of this study provide a better understanding of the most effective instructional approach and practical contributions that could improve current military education modalities and enhance instruction delivery by supporting face to face education as the instructional method that provides a higher level of students ‘success and satisfaction which can be used to justify allocation of funds and resources for educational programs for DOD which is currently impacted by a ten-year cut in spending due to caps instituted by the Budget Control Act (BCA) of 2011 (Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR2014). xviii
6
Heimler, Benedetta. "Mechanisms of learning and plasticity across sensory modalities: insights from bilateral deafness and intense visual training." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368118.
Abstract:
Interacting with the external environment is an inherently multisensory experience. Therefore, understanding how unisensory deprivations occurring early in life affect this interaction has always been a hot topic of research. In this thesis I aim to contribute to this prolific debate by further investigating the effects on behavior exerted by early-acquired bilateral deafness. In the past decades many studies have extensively investigated this topic, focusing mainly on explaining the changes occurring within the visual modality of deaf people, ultimately aiming at understanding to what extent the intuitive assumption that deaf adults ‘see better’ than hearing controls is really true. This approach proved highly informative, yet many fundamental aspects of behavior remained largely overlooked. The aim of this thesis was to identify these missing aspects and try to address them as systematically as possible. In particular I focused on four critical domains: (i) the investigation of the behavioral reorganization that occurs within the tactile modality of deaf adults (Chapter 2, Study 1; Study 2); (ii) the possible modifications of the interactions between two intact sensory systems (i.e., vision and touch) as a consequence of auditory deprivation (Chapter 3); (iii) the finer-grained definition of which mechanisms of visual attention are modified by bilateral deafness (Chapter 4, Study 1; Chapter 5); (iv) the further understanding of the role of extensive visual training in driving the behavioral improvements reported in the deaf population compared to hearing controls (Chapter 2, Study 3; Chapter 4, Study 1; Study 2; Chapter 5). This set of results highlight that deafness-related plasticity exerts multifaceted effects on behavior, which extend selectively to certain functions but not to others, and that even produced selective aspects of impaired behaviors. Importantly, these data also provide initial evidence that vision and touch might to a certain extent, reorganize independently from one another as a consequence of early bilateral deafness and that also the way they interact with each other shows some modified aspects. Finally, the majority of the behavioral modifications I documented in this thesis depended from deafness per se and was not ascribable to training-related effects. Unexpectedly but very interestingly, what clearly emerged from this set of results is the remarkable flexibility of which are capable the reorganized sensory systems, and in particular the reorganized visual system of deaf adults.
7
Heimler, Benedetta. "Mechanisms of learning and plasticity across sensory modalities: insights from bilateral deafness and intense visual training." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1097/1/Ph.D.-Dissertation_Benedetta_Heimler.pdf.
Abstract:
Interacting with the external environment is an inherently multisensory experience. Therefore, understanding how unisensory deprivations occurring early in life affect this interaction has always been a hot topic of research. In this thesis I aim to contribute to this prolific debate by further investigating the effects on behavior exerted by early-acquired bilateral deafness. In the past decades many studies have extensively investigated this topic, focusing mainly on explaining the changes occurring within the visual modality of deaf people, ultimately aiming at understanding to what extent the intuitive assumption that deaf adults ‘see better’ than hearing controls is really true. This approach proved highly informative, yet many fundamental aspects of behavior remained largely overlooked. The aim of this thesis was to identify these missing aspects and try to address them as systematically as possible. In particular I focused on four critical domains: (i) the investigation of the behavioral reorganization that occurs within the tactile modality of deaf adults (Chapter 2, Study 1; Study 2); (ii) the possible modifications of the interactions between two intact sensory systems (i.e., vision and touch) as a consequence of auditory deprivation (Chapter 3); (iii) the finer-grained definition of which mechanisms of visual attention are modified by bilateral deafness (Chapter 4, Study 1; Chapter 5); (iv) the further understanding of the role of extensive visual training in driving the behavioral improvements reported in the deaf population compared to hearing controls (Chapter 2, Study 3; Chapter 4, Study 1; Study 2; Chapter 5). This set of results highlight that deafness-related plasticity exerts multifaceted effects on behavior, which extend selectively to certain functions but not to others, and that even produced selective aspects of impaired behaviors. Importantly, these data also provide initial evidence that vision and touch might to a certain extent, reorganize independently from one another as a consequence of early bilateral deafness and that also the way they interact with each other shows some modified aspects. Finally, the majority of the behavioral modifications I documented in this thesis depended from deafness per se and was not ascribable to training-related effects. Unexpectedly but very interestingly, what clearly emerged from this set of results is the remarkable flexibility of which are capable the reorganized sensory systems, and in particular the reorganized visual system of deaf adults.
8
Kronenberger, Jenna N. "What is the effectiveness of neuromuscular training versus traditional strength training on restoration of knee function in the rehabilitation of non-operative or post-operative anterior cruciate ligament patients? A Systematic Review." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524153666369126.
9
Wazzani, Rkia. "Effets de l'exercice physique sur le tissu osseux et sa vascularisation : comparaison entre différentes modalités de course." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0092.
Abstract:
L'exercice physique se caractérise par ses effets bénéfiques sur l'organisme humain. Au niveau osseux, il se traduit par une action ostéogénique permettant d'améliorer la qualité du tissu osseux. Elle se détermine entre autres par la vascularisation et l'angiogenèse. Le réseau vasculaire assure au tissu osseux les apports en oxygène et en nutriments dont les cellules osseuses ont besoin pour leur bon fonctionnement. L'effet de l'exercice physique sur ces différents paramètres dépend de l'intensité, de la fréquence et du type de l'exercice. L'exercice physique en continu n'a que peu d'effet sur le tissu osseux. L'exercice de type intermittent a des effets bénéfices en termes d'ostéogenèse dans des modalisations chez les rats Wistar. Cependant aucune étude, à notre connaissance, ne s'est intéressée à l'effet de l'exercice combiné sur la qualité de tissu osseux et sa vascularisation. Notre objectif est d'analyser les effets de ces différentes modalités d'exercice continu, intermittent et le combiné sur les paramètres architecturaux et micro-architecturaux du tissu osseux, tout en tenant compte des différents mécanismes de mécano-transduction et de vascularisation. Cette étude montre que l'entraînement combiné tend à favoriser l'angiogenèse du fémur distal. Ce phénomène est associé à un effet ostéogénique au niveau de l'os trabéculaire fémoral. La course intermittente, antérieurement connu dans la littérature par son effet ostéogénique, tend à avoir un léger effet angiogénique. La course continue à intensité modérée semble ne pas affecter l'ensemble des paramètres au niveau de l'os fémoralPhysical exercise is characterized by its beneficial effects on the human body. At the bone level, it results in an osteogenic action that improves the quality of the bone tissue. This is determined by vascularization and angiogenesis, among other things. The vascular network provides the bone tissue with the oxygen and nutrients that the bone cells need for their proper functioning. The effect of exercise on these different parameters depends on the intensity, frequency and type of exercise. Continuous exercise has little effect on bone tissue. Intermittent exercise has beneficial effects in terms of osteogenesis in Wistar rats. However, no study, to our knowledge, has investigated the effect of combined exercise on bone tissue quality and vascularization. Our objective is to analyze the effects of these different modalities of continuous, intermittent and combined exercise on the architectural and micro-architectural parameters of bone tissue, while taking into account the different mechanisms of mechano-transduction and vascularization. This study shows that combined training tends to promote angiogenesis of the distal femur. This phenomenon is associated with an osteogenic effect on the femoral trabecular bone. Intermittent running, previously known in the literature for its osteogenic effect, tends to have a slight angiogenic effect. Continuous running at moderate intensity does not seem to affect all the parameters in the femoral bone
10
Pereira, Reyes Y. I. "Perception and production of English vowels by Chilean learners of English : effect of auditory and visual modalities on phonetic training." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417190/.
Abstract:
The aim of this thesis was to examine the perception of English vowels by L2 learners of English with Spanish as L1 (Chilean-Spanish), and more specifically the degree to which they are able to take advantage of visual cues to vowel distinctions. Two main studies were conducted for this thesis. In study 1, data was collected from L2 beginners, L2 advanced learners and native speakers of Southern British English (ENS). Participants were tested on their perception of 11 English vowels in audio (A), audiovisual (AV) and video-alone (V) mode. ENS participants were tested to investigate whether visual cues are available to distinguish English vowels, while L2 participants were tested to see how sensitive they were to acoustic and visual cues for English vowels. Study 2 reports the outcome of a vowel training study. To compare the effect of different training modalities, three groups of L2 learners (beginner level) were given five sessions of high-variability vowel training in either A, AV or V mode. Perception and production of English vowels in isolated words and sentences was tested pre/post training, and the participants’ auditory frequency discrimination and visual bias was also evaluated. To examine the impact of perceptual training on L2 learners’ vowel production, recordings of key words embedded in read sentences were made pre and post-training. Acoustic-phonetic analyses were carried out on the vowels in the keywords. Additionally, the vowels were presented to native listeners in a rating test to judge whether the perceptual training resulted in significant improvement in intelligibility. In summary, the study with native English listeners showed that there was visual information available to distinguish at least certain English vowel contrasts. L2 learners showed low sensitivity to visual information. Their vowel perception improved after training, regardless of the training mode used, and perceptual training also led to improved vowel production. However, no improvement was found in their overall sensitivity to visual information.
11
Banek, Christopher. "Novel Modalities for Preeclampsia Prevention: A Role for Exercise Training and 5–Aminoimidazole–4–Carboxamide–1–β–D–Ribofuranoside (AICAR) Administration." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18520.
Abstract:
Preeclampsia (PE) remains one of the most enigmatic and pervasive conditions developed during pregnancy and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Afflicting nearly 5-8% of pregnancies in the Unites States, PE is most commonly characterized by an increase in blood pressure and high protein excretion near or after the 20th week of gestation. Unfortunately, few effective treatments are available, and the only "cure" is delivery. While the molecular pathogenesis of PE remains undefined, an interruption in placental blood flow, or placental ischemia, is widely observed as a primary contributor to the syndrome progression. Furthermore, to investigate the role of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities to prevent placental ischemia induced hypertension, we employed a robust model of reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure (RUPP) in the pregnant rat.
First, in Chapter IV, exercise initiated during gestation was not effective in the prevention of RUPP-induced hypertension, whereas exercise training prior to and continued through gestation prevented the increase in blood pressure. Though the molecular contributions to this effect are undefined, the effects appear to be independent of angiogenic balance restoration.
Finally, in Chapter V, administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) was explored as a novel pharmacological modality to prevent the onset of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in the RUPP model. As hypothesized, AICAR ameliorated the RUPP-induced hypertension, and the anti-hypertensive effect in the RUPP appears to be dependent on the restoration of angiogenic balance in the maternal plasma.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
12
Wallstrom, Timothy J. "The effects of three testing and training modalities on exercise independence and sit-ups performance among children with severe mental retardation /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847309050274.
13
Steyn, Leonie. "Using Internet resources and e-learning modalities for training learners in Nutrition for people living with HIV and AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122005-083839.
14
Shekhar, Ravi. "Learning to merge - language and vision: A deep evaluation of the encoder, the role of the two modalities, the role of the training task." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368314.
Abstract:
Most human language understanding is grounded in perception. There is thus growing interest in combining information from language and vision. Multiple models based on Neural Networks have been proposed to merge language and vision information. All the models share a common backbone consisting of an encoder which learns to merge the two types of representation to perform a specific task. While some models have seemed extremely successful on those tasks, it remains unclear how the reported results should be interpreted and what those models are actually learning. Our contribution is three-fold. We have proposed (a) a new model of Visually Grounded Dialogue; (b) a diagnostic dataset to evaluate the encoder ability to merge visual and language input; (c) a method to evaluate the quality of the multimodal representation computed by the encoder as general purposed representations. We have proposed and analyzed a cognitive plausible architecture in which dialogue system modules are connected through a common \emph{grounded dialogue state encoder}. Our in-depth analysis of the dialogues shows the importance of going beyond task-success in the evaluation of Visual Dialogues: the dialogues themselves should play a crucial role in such evaluation.
We have proposed a diagnostic dataset, \emph{FOIL} which consists of images associated with incorrect captions that the model has to detect and correct. Finally, we have used FOIL to evaluate the quality of the multimodal representation produced by an encoder trained on different multimodal tasks. We have shown how the training task used effects the stability of the representation, their transferability and the model confidence.
15
Shekhar, Ravi. "Learning to merge - language and vision: A deep evaluation of the encoder, the role of the two modalities, the role of the training task." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3701/1/DECLARATORIA_ENG.pdf.
Abstract:
Most human language understanding is grounded in perception. There is thus growing interest in combining information from language and vision. Multiple models based on Neural Networks have been proposed to merge language and vision information. All the models share a common backbone consisting of an encoder which learns to merge the two types of representation to perform a specific task. While some models have seemed extremely successful on those tasks, it remains unclear how the reported results should be interpreted and what those models are actually learning. Our contribution is three-fold. We have proposed (a) a new model of Visually Grounded Dialogue; (b) a diagnostic dataset to evaluate the encoder ability to merge visual and language input; (c) a method to evaluate the quality of the multimodal representation computed by the encoder as general purposed representations. We have proposed and analyzed a cognitive plausible architecture in which dialogue system modules are connected through a common \emph{grounded dialogue state encoder}. Our in-depth analysis of the dialogues shows the importance of going beyond task-success in the evaluation of Visual Dialogues: the dialogues themselves should play a crucial role in such evaluation.
We have proposed a diagnostic dataset, \emph{FOIL} which consists of images associated with incorrect captions that the model has to detect and correct. Finally, we have used FOIL to evaluate the quality of the multimodal representation produced by an encoder trained on different multimodal tasks. We have shown how the training task used effects the stability of the representation, their transferability and the model confidence.
16
Orozco, Daniella. "Teaching Mands to Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Evaluation of the Essential for Living Communication Modality Assessment." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7345.
Abstract:
McGreevy, Fry, and Cornwall (2014) developed an assessment within the Essential for Living (EFL) manual for clinicians to identify which communication modality should be used for each individual. This assessment identifies an AAC based on the learner’s skills, level of problem behavior, similarities between AAC and vocal community, and size of the verbal community. However, to date, no research has evaluated if this assessment identifies the communication modality that will result in faster acquisition of mands in individuals with ASD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare acquisition of mands across a modality identified by the EFL communication modality assessment and two other commonly used modalities. A secondary purpose was to determine if participants acquire mands using the mode of AAC identified by EFL. Finally, a third purpose was to determine if the communication modality identified by EFL communication modality assessment matches the modality currently used by the individual. Findings showed that although all three participants acquired mands across the three communication modalities, mands in the modality of communication recommended by the EFL assessment were acquired faster only by 1 out of the 3 participants.
17
Matheus, Gabriela Bertolini 1967. "Influência do treinamento muscular pós-operatório sobre as medidas de desempenho da musculatura respiratória em pacientes no pós-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio = Influence of muscular training on measures of the respiratory muscles in postoperative coronary artery bypass grafting." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308806.
Abstract:
Orientador: Desanka DragosavacDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus_GabrielaBertolini_M.pdf: 1394514 bytes, checksum: 814cccdf11d81a381fe2058341b4254c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Justificativa e Objetivo: Complicações pulmonares estão entre as maiores causas de morbidade e mortalidade do pós-operatório (PO) de cirurgia cardíaca. As causas são diversas e estão relacionadas à disfunção pulmonar causada pela circulação extracorpórea, esternotomia, uso da artéria mamária interna, drenos torácicos e à dor no período pós-operatório. Ocorre disfunção da musculatura respiratória acompanhada de perda da força muscular e redução das capacidades e volumes pulmonares. Nesse contexto, técnicas fisioterapêuticas têm por objetivo a reexpansão e melhora da capacidade pulmonar além da manutenção ou ganho de força muscular respiratória, e podem contribuir para prevenção e tratamento de tais complicações. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento muscular inspiratório em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, com o uso do Threshold® IMT no período pós-operatório. Método: Quarenta e sete pacientes submetidos à revascularização eletiva do miocárdio através de esternotomia mediana foram randomizados por sorteio prévio à avaliação pré-operatória e divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Estudo (23 pacientes, cinco mulheres e 18 homens) e Grupo Controle (24 pacientes, oito mulheres e 16 homens), com idade média de 61,83±8,61 e 66,33±10,20 respectivamente. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos ao protocolo de rotina para atendimento fisioterápico em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Apenas o grupo estudo foi submetido a um protocolo de treinamento inspiratório com o uso do Threshold® IMT com carga de 40% da Pimáx obtida no 1º PO durante três dias. Foram mensuradas e comparadas às pressões respiratórias máximas (Pimáx e Pemáx), VC (Volume Corrente), CV (Capacidade Vital) e Pico de Fluxo Expiratório (Pico de Fluxo Expiratório) no Pré-OP, PO1 e PO3. Resultados: Observou-se redução significativa em todas as variáveis mensuradas no 1º dia de pós-operatório quando comparadas ao pré-operatório, nos dois grupos estudados. Pimáx (p<0,0001), Pemáx (p<0,0001), VC GE (p<0,0004) e GC (p<0,0001), CV GE (p<0,0001) e GC (p<0,0001) e Pico de Fluxo Expiratório (p<0,0001). No PO3, o GE apresentou, em comparação ao GC, maior valor de CV, (GE 1230,4±477,86ml vs GC 919,17±394,47ml, p=0,0222) e VC (GE 608,09±178,24ml vs GC 506,96±168,31ml, p=0,0490). Conclusão: Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca sofrem redução da capacidade ventilatória e da força muscular respiratória após a cirurgia. O treinamento muscular realizado foi eficaz em recuperar o volume corrente e a capacidade vital no terceiro dia de pós-operatório, no grupo treinado. Não houve diferença na incidência de complicações respiratórias e o grupo treinado apresentou menor tempo de internação na unidade coronariana
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Pulmonary complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality of postoperative period (PO) of cardiac surgery. The causes are diverse and are related to pulmonary dysfunction caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, sternotomy, internal mammary artery use, chest drains, and pain in the postoperative period. There may be dysfunction of the respiratory muscles accompanied by loss of muscle strength and reduction of capacity and lung volumes. In this context, physical therapy techniques are designed to re-expansion and improve lung capacity and maintenance or gain of respiratory muscle strength and may contribute to prevention and treatment of such complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, using the Threshold® IMT in the postoperative period. Method: Forty-seven patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting via median sternotomy were randomized by lot prior to the preoperative evaluation, and divided into two groups: Study Group (SG) (23 patients, 5 women and 18 men) and Control group (CG) (24 patients, 8 women and 16 men) and with mean age of 61.83±8.61 and 66.33±10.20 respectively. Both groups were subjected to routine protocol for the physical therapy treatment in post-cardiac surgery. However, only the study group was subjected to inspiratory training protocol using Threshold IMT® with a load of 40% of MIP obtained in first postoperative day for three days. Maximal respiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), VT (Tidal Volume), VC (Vital Capacity) and Peak Flow in the Pre-OP, PO1 and PO3 were measured and compared. Results: There was a significant reduction in all variables measured on PO1 compared to preoperative values in both groups, MIP (p<0.0001), MEP (p<0.0001), VT SG (p<0.0004) and CG (p<0.0001), VC SG (p<0.0001) and CG (p<0.0001) and Peak Flow (p<0.0001). At PO3, SG presented higher value of VT, SG 1230.4±477.86ml vs CG 919.17±394.47ml (p=0.0222) and VC SG 608.09±178.24ml vs CG 506.96±168.31ml (p=0.0490). There were differences between SG and CG for VT (p=0.0490) and VC (p=0.0222) in PO3. Conclusion: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery experience reduced ventilatory capacity and respiratory muscle strength after surgery. Muscle training was performed to retrieve the effective tidal volume and vital capacity in the third postoperative day of the trained group. There was no difference in the incidence of respiratory complications and the trained group had shorter hospitalization in the coronary unit
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
18
Pillette, Léa. "Redefining and Adapting Feedback for Mental-Imagery based Brain-Computer Interface User Training to the Learners’ Traits and States." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0377/document.
Abstract:
Les interfaces cerveau-ordinateur basées sur l’imagerie mentale (MI-BCIs) offrent de nouvelles possibilités d’interaction avec les technologies numériques, telles que les neuroprothèses ou les jeux vidéo, uniquement en effectuant des tâches d’imagerie mentale, telles qu’imaginer d’un objet en rotation. La reconnaissance de la commande envoyée au système par l’utilisateur repose sur l’analyse de l’activité cérébrale de ce dernier. Les utilisateurs doivent apprendre à produire des patterns d’activité cérébrale reconnaissables par le système afin de contrôler les MI-BCIs. Cependant, les protocoles de formation actuels ne permettent pas à 10 à 30 % des personnes d’acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour utiliser les MI-BCIs. Ce manque de fiabilité des BCIs limite le développement de la technologie en dehors des laboratoires de recherche. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’examiner comment le feedback fourni tout au longde la formation peut être amélioré et adapté aux traits et aux états des utilisateurs. Dans un premier temps, nous examinons le rôle qui est actuellement donné au feedback dans les applications et les protocoles d’entraînement à l’utilisation des MI-BCIs. Nous analysons également les théories et les contributions expérimentales discutant de son rôle et de son utilité dans le processus d’apprentissage de contrôle de correlats neurophysiologiques. Ensuite, nous fournissons une analyse de l’utilité de différents feedback pour l’entraînement à l’utilisation des MI-BCIs. Nous nous concentrons sur trois caractéristiques principales du feedback, i.e., son contenu, sa modalité de présentation et enfin sa dimension temporelle. Pour chacune de ces caractéristiques, nous avons examiné la littérature afin d’évaluer quels types de feedback ont été testés et quel impact ils semblent avoir sur l’entraînement. Nous avons également analysé quels traits ou états des apprenants influaient sur les résultats de cet entraînement. En nous basant sur ces analyses de la littérature, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que différentes caractéristiques du feedback pourraient être exploitées afin d’améliorer l’entraînement en fonction des traits ou états des apprenants. Nous rapportons les résultats de nos contributions expérimentales pour chacune des caractéristiques du feedback. Enfin, nous présentons différentes recommandations et défis concernant chaque caractéristique du feedback. Des solutions potentielles sont proposées pour à l’avenir surmonter ces défis et répondre à ces recommandationsMental-Imagery based Brain-Computer Interfaces (MI-BCIs) present new opportunities to interact with digital technologies, such as neuroprostheses or videogames, only by performing mental imagery tasks, such as imagining an object rotating. The recognition of the command for the system is based on the analysis of the brain activity of the user. The users must learn to produce brain activity patterns that are recognizable by the system in order to control BCIs. However, current training protocols do not enable 10 to 30% of persons to acquire the skills required to use BCIs. The lack of robustness of BCIs limit the development of the technology outside of research laboratories. This thesis aims at investigating how the feedback provided throughout the training can be improved and adapted to the traits and states of the users. First, we investigate the role that feedback is currently given in MI-BCI applications and training protocols. We also analyse the theories and experimental contributions discussing its role and usefulness. Then, we review the different feedback that have been used to train MI-BCI users. We focus on three main characteristics of feedback, i.e., its content, its modality of presentation and finally its timing. For each of these characteristics, we reviewed the literature to assess which types of feedback have been tested and what is their impact on the training. We also analysed which traits or states of the learners were shown to influence BCI training outcome. Based on these reviews of the literature, we hypothesised that different characteristics of feedback could be leveraged to improve the training of the learners depending on either traits or states. We reported the results of our experimental contributions for each of the characteristics of feedback. Finally, we presented different recommendations and challenges regarding each characteristic of feedback. Potential solutions were proposed to meet these recommendations in the future
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Freitas, Cíntia Domingues de. "Comparação das técnicas reeducação postural global, pilates solo e exercícios com a bola suíça em relação aos efeitos sobre a força e resistência muscular do tronco, flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior e mobilidade da coluna: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-05122016-162756/.
Abstract:
Introdução: Técnicas específicas como a Reeducação Postural Global (RPG), Pilates e exercícios de estabilização com bola suíça, além da cinesioterapia clássica, são frequentemente utilizadas na fisioterapia. Não há estudos que compararam exercícios com bola, Pilates e RPG. Objetivos: Comparar os exercícios de RPG, com bola suíça e Pilates solo quanto à força, resistência muscular do tronco, flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior e mobilidade da coluna em adultos saudáveis. Métodos: 100 indivíduos, ambos os sexos entre 18 e 50 anos, randomizados nos grupos: Controle, Bola, RPG e Pilates. Os indivíduos foram avaliados por um avaliador cego pré e pós-intervenção em relação: dados antropométricos, atividade física (IPAQ), flexibilidade (Toe-touch test), mobilidade da coluna (Schober e Stibor), força (dinamômetro isocinético BIODEX) e resistência muscular do tronco (Sorenson e Crunch). Cada intervenção foi realizada em uma sessão de uma hora por semana, por 8 semanas, em grupos de cinco pessoas. A análise estatística seguiu os princípios da intenção de tratar (p<=0,05). Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante para ganho de flexibilidade somente para o RPG, ganho de resistência extensora e flexora para os exercícios com bola e RPG e ganho de resistência flexora no Pilates comparados ao grupo controle que não teve alterações pós-intervenção. Não houve diferenças significantes para os resultados de força. Conclusões: Os exercícios de Pilates, RPG e com bola, aplicados uma vez por semana por oito semanas, foram eficientes de forma específica para melhorar resistência e flexibilidade muscular. Nenhuma das intervenções desenvolveu força de troncoIntroduction: Global postural reeducation (GPR), Pilates, and stabilization exercises using a Swiss ball, in addition to classic kinesiotherapy, are often used in physical therapy. There are no studies comparing exercises with the ball, Pilates, and GPR. Objectives: to compare GPR with Swiss ball and Pilates in relation to trunk muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility of the posterior muscular chains and spine mobility in healthy adults. Methods: 100 subjects of both sexes, aged between 18 and 50 years, randomized into groups: Control, Ball, GPR and Pilates. The individuals were evaluated by a blinded evaluator at the baseline and post-intervention, in relation to anthropometric data, physical activity (IPAQ), flexibility (Toe-touch test), mobility of the spine (Schober and Stibor), strength (BIODEX isokinetic dynamometer) and trunk muscle endurance (Sorenson and Crunch). Each intervention was performed in one one-hour session per week, for 8 weeks, in groups of five people. The statistical analysis followed the principles of intention to treat (p <= 0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant difference for gain in flexibility only for the GPR, a gain in extensor and flexor endurance for the exercises with the ball, and GPR, and a gain in flexor endurance for the Pilates, compared to the control group, which had no alterations after intervention. There were no significant differences in the results for strength. Conclusions: The Pilates exercises, GPR and exercises with the ball, applied once a week for eight weeks, were especially effective in improving muscle endurance and muscular flexibility. None of the interventions developed trunk muscle strength
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Guignard, Marc. "Devenir enseignant de mathématique : étude des modalités du transfert didactique : vers une prise en compte d'une parentalité psychique interne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB251.
Abstract:
Cette thèse, qui s'inscrit dans une démarche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l'éducation, porte sur le devenir enseignant de mathématiques. Des recherches antérieures ont conduit des chercheurs s'inscrivant dans une telle démarche à qualifier d'« adolescence professionnelle » (Bossard, 2004) le moment du passage d'étudiant à enseignant et à proposer (Blanchard-Laville, 1997) et à mettre au travail (Chaussecourte, 2003, 2014) la notion de transfert didactique pour appréhender des modalités du rapport au savoir dans l'espace de la classe. Dans la lignée de ces travaux, cette thèse se propose de mettre au travail la notion de transfert didactique à travers deux modalités méthodologiques à la conjugaison desquelles elle réfléchit. Il s'agit d'une part d'entretiens cliniques de recherche et d'autre part d'observations cliniques. Ces dernières sont déclinées selon deux formes, l'une « ultra clinique » (Chaussecourte, 2003) et l'autre plus instrumentée (Blanchard-Laville, 1997). Le couplage observation et entretien fait l'objet d'une interrogation méthodologique. Dans cette thèse, les mathématiques sont considérées à la fois comme objet d'enseignement, mais également comme objet potentiellement structurant de l'économie psychique des sujets enseignants de mathématiques. Dans cette optique, la thèse pose la question de la place de la didactique des mathématiques dans une recherche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique. L'étude clinique du matériel nous conduit à proposer et à mobiliser la notion de parentalité psychique interne qui pourraient s'avérer pertinente pour appréhender des modalités du transfert didactique de l'enseignant notamment lors de moments d'insécurité professionnelle (début de carrière, changement d'affectation...). Enfin la sensibilité à ces questions nous semble pouvoir être une piste à prendre en compte en formation d'enseignant notamment par l'intermédiaire de dispositifs d'analyse des pratiques professionnellesThis thesis, which take place in a clinical approach with a psychoanalytic orientation in the sciences of education, focuses on the future mathematics teacher. Previous research in such an approach has led researchers to describe the time of transfer from student to teacher, as "professional adolescence" (Bossard, 2004) and to propose (Blanchard-Laville, 1997) (Chaussecourte, 2003, 2014) the notion of transfert didactique to apprehend modalities of the relation to knowledge in the space of the class. In line with this work, this thesis proposes to put to work the notion of transfert didactique through two methodological modalities to the conjugation of which it reflects. It is firstly, clinical interviews of research and on the other hand clinical observations. The latter are declined in two forms, one "ultra-clinical" (Chaussecourte, 2003) and the other more instrumented (Blanchard-Laville, 1997). The coupling observation and interview is the subject of a methodological interrogation. In this thesis, mathematics is considered both as an object of instruction and as a potentially structuring object of the psychic economy of mathematics teachers. From this perspective, the thesis raises the question of the place of the didactics of mathematics in a clinical research with a psychoanalytic orientation. The clinical study of the material leads us to propose and to mobilize the notion of parentalité psychique interne professionnelle which could be relevant to apprehend modalities of the didactic transfer of the teacher especially during moments of professional insecurity (Beginning of career, change of assignment'). Finally, the sensitivity to these questions seems to us to be a way to be taken into account in teacher training, in particular through the use of devices for analyzing professional practices
21
Sosner, Philippe. "Effet hypotenseur de nouvelles modalités d’exercice physique chez le patient hypertendu de grade 1 ou 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2260.
Abstract:
L’hypertension artérielle (HTA) est une pathologie fréquente à l’origine d’un grand nombre de complications cardiovasculaires. La sédentarité est aussi un facteur de risque important de morbi-mortalité cardiovasculaire, et à l’inverse, la pratique régulière d’une activité physique (AP) diminue très significativement ce risque, au-delà du bénéfice lié à la seule amélioration du niveau de pression artérielle (PA). L’AP est pour cela recommandée dans la prise en charge de l’HTA. Son action anti-hypertensive est observée en « aigu » au décours immédiat d’un exercice, mais aussi en « chronique » avec des adaptations induites par la répétition des séances : adaptations à la fois fonctionnelles (mécanismes de régulation de la PA) et structurelles (composants des vaisseaux). Face à la diversité des modalités d’AP disponibles (en aérobie ou en résistance, mode continu ou intermittent, à l’extérieur, en gymnase ou en piscine) et des envies et possibilités des patients, notre objectif était d’étudier, chez des personnes hypertendues, le bénéfice de modalités nouvelles (exercice intermittent à haute intensité (HIIE), exercice sur vélo en piscine), en privilégiant les mesures ambulatoires de PA. Notre recherche a ainsi identifié, par la réalisation d’une méta-analyse ainsi que de 3 études cliniques :A- concernant l’AP : 1- le bénéfice hypotenseur de l’HIIE au décours d’une session d’exercice, au décours d’un entraînement court de 2 semaines (3 sessions / semaine), et d’un programme complété de conseils diététiques de 9 mois (2 HIIE / semaine) ; 2- le bénéfice additionnel de sa pratique sur cyclo-ergomètre dans l’eau ; 3- un effet favorable sur la compliance artérielle (mesure de vitesse de l’onde de pouls, VOP). B- concernant le patient, des modérateurs favorables tels qu’une PA de repos ≥135/85 mm Hg, l’association de mesures diététiques. Ces éléments devraient contribuer à améliorer la prescription d’AP en cas d’HTAHigh blood pressure is a common disease with many cardiovascular complications. Inactivity is also an important cardiovascular risk factor, and the regular practice of physical activity (PA) decreases very significantly this risk, more than the single improvement of blood pressure (BP). Therefore, PA is recommended for its contribution on the management of hypertension. The “acute” BP fall following a bout of exercise contributes to the “chronic” antihypertensive effect of physical training, by inducing both functional and structural adaptations (BP regulation systems and components of arterial wall, respectively). Face to the many modalities of PA (aerobic, strength, continuous or intermittent mode, outdoor, indoor or in swimming-pool) and to the desires and availabilities of the patient, we aimed to assess, in hypertensive individuals, the effect of new modes (high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), cycling in immersed condition) using preferably ambulatory BP monitoring measures. Thereby, our research identified, through a meta-analysis and 3 clinical studies, the following results:A- regarding PA characteristics : 1- a BP decrease following one bout of HIIE, 2-week HIIE training (thrice a week) and 9-month HIIE training (twice a week) in a combined lifestyle program;2- an additional BP improvement in up-to-the chest immersed condition; 3- an improvement in arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV);B- regarding patient’s characteristics: favorable moderators such as a resting BP ≥135/85 mm Hg, or the association of diet intervention. These results should contribute to improve prescription of PA in hypertensive individuals
22
Ferdows, Kimia. "« Design moi un métier » : modalités d’accès et socialisations au groupe professionnel des designers : monographie de deux grandes écoles de design de la région parisienne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100187.
Abstract:
La thèse prend comme objet les enjeux de formation des futurs designers. Au croisement de la sociologie de l’éducation, du travail et des professions, il s’agit de rendre compte des différentes socialisations qui ont conduit des personnes à devenir designer. Il s’agit de comprendre qui et comment des personnes décident de devenir designer aujourd’hui. Cette thèse repose sur une enquête réalisée dans deux institutions de formation qui ont la particularité de se situer au plus haut niveau du champ de l’enseignement supérieur en design : une grande école publique et une grande école privée. D’autre part, il s’agit d’examiner les différentes voies professionnelles qui se dessinent pour les étudiants. Premièrement, à travers l’analyse des caractéristiques sociales des élèves admis dans ces des deux établissements, il s’agit de comprendre les processus communs de socialisation primaire qui ont conduit ces jeunes à s’orienter vers la profession de designer. Ensuite, nous verrons comment ces deux écoles, via leur mode de sélection et leur socialisation secondaire spécifique, s’opposent assez nettement sur la manière de concevoir le métier de designer et la nature des services qu’il peut être amené à accomplir au sein de l’entreprise. La méthodologie mise en œuvre rassemble des observations de longue durée ; une soixantaine d'entretiens réalisés avec des étudiants, des enseignants et des professionnels ; le dépouillement exhaustifs des archives des dossiers scolaires des deux écoles ainsi que les résultats d'une enquête quantitative menée auprès des étudiants en formation en 2010The thesis takes for object the training issues of future designers. At the crossroad of education sociology, of work and professions sociology, it consists in accounting the different socializations which led individuals to become designers. It consists in understanding who and how people decide today to become designer. This thesis is based on a survey led in two training institutions which have the particularity to be on the highest level of design superior teaching: one large public school and one large private school. On the other hand, it consists in examining the different professional paths existing for students. First, thought the analysis of the social characteristics of student admitted in these two establishments, it consists in understanding the common processes of primary socialization which led these young people to turn towards the designers profession. Then, we will see how these two schools, thought their selection way and their specific secondary socialization, oppose themselves quite vividly on the way to conceive the designers profession and the nature of the services a designer can be led to accomplish in a company. The methodology gathers long duration observations; sixty interviews carried out with students, teachers and professionals; the exhaustive analysis of the archives of scholar files from the two schools and the results of a quantitative survey led among students in 2010
23
Muscianisi, Véronique. "Les modalités d'incorporation des savoir-faire au Théâtre du Mouvement : l'apprentissage sensoriel de l'acteur au sein d'une compagnie de mime contemporain (Ile-de-France)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080031.
Abstract:
Cette thèse propose une étude des modes d’incorporation des savoir-faire au sein du Théâtre du Mouvement, une compagnie de mime contemporain dirigée par Claire Heggen et Yves Marc en Île-de-France. En s’appuyant sur une littérature en études théâtrales et danse, en ethnologie, ainsi que sur des données en physiologie et sciences de la motricité, elle interroge plus particulièrement la transmission de compétences sensorielles en son sein. La première partie présente le cadre épistémologique et méthodologique de la recherche menée, privilégiant un mode de connaissance micrologique ainsi qu’une approche ethnographique. La seconde partie traite successivement des modes d’affinement des sensibilités kinesthésiques et proprioceptives – insistant sur une connaissance globale de soi et l’incorporation de principes issus de la technique du mime corporel d’Etienne Decroux (1898-1991) –, des sensibilités visuelles et tactiles, mettant en lumière la transmission d’une technicité sensorielle. Enfin, une troisième partie, à travers les portraits de trois femmes artistes, formées dans la compagnie et considérées comme expertes, postule le partage d’une culture sensible au sein du groupe d’artistes considéré.Cette recherche se veut une contribution aux connaissances sur la formation de l’acteur dans le domaine des Arts du Mime et du Geste aujourd’hui en France, ainsi qu’un apport à une ethnographie des techniques sensorielles et de leur transmission dans le cadre des pratiques artistiquesThis thesis proposes a study of the expertise within Théâtre du Mouvement, a contemporary mime company co-directed by Claire Heggen and Yves Marc in France. Based on performing arts studies, ethnology, as well as data in physiology and movement science, it specifically concerns the transmission of sensory skills. The first part presents the epistemological and methodological framework of the research, favoring a mode of micrological knowledge and an ethnographic approach. The second part deals successively with refining kinesthetic and proprioceptive sensitivities – insisting on a global self-knowledge and the incorporation of the principles of mime developed by Etienne Decroux (1898-1991) – visual and tactile sensitivities, highlighting the transmission of sensory expertise. Finally, the third part, through the portraits of three woman artists, experts from the company, postulates the sharing of a sensitive culture in the group of artists. This research is a contribution to the actor’s learning in “Arts du Mime et du Geste” in France today, as well as a contribution to an ethnography of sensory techniques and their transmission within performing arts
24
Muscianisi, Véronique. "Les modalités d'incorporation des savoir-faire au Théâtre du Mouvement : l'apprentissage sensoriel de l'acteur au sein d'une compagnie de mime contemporain (Ile-de-France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080031.
Abstract:
Cette thèse propose une étude des modes d’incorporation des savoir-faire au sein du Théâtre du Mouvement, une compagnie de mime contemporain dirigée par Claire Heggen et Yves Marc en Île-de-France. En s’appuyant sur une littérature en études théâtrales et danse, en ethnologie, ainsi que sur des données en physiologie et sciences de la motricité, elle interroge plus particulièrement la transmission de compétences sensorielles en son sein. La première partie présente le cadre épistémologique et méthodologique de la recherche menée, privilégiant un mode de connaissance micrologique ainsi qu’une approche ethnographique. La seconde partie traite successivement des modes d’affinement des sensibilités kinesthésiques et proprioceptives – insistant sur une connaissance globale de soi et l’incorporation de principes issus de la technique du mime corporel d’Etienne Decroux (1898-1991) –, des sensibilités visuelles et tactiles, mettant en lumière la transmission d’une technicité sensorielle. Enfin, une troisième partie, à travers les portraits de trois femmes artistes, formées dans la compagnie et considérées comme expertes, postule le partage d’une culture sensible au sein du groupe d’artistes considéré.Cette recherche se veut une contribution aux connaissances sur la formation de l’acteur dans le domaine des Arts du Mime et du Geste aujourd’hui en France, ainsi qu’un apport à une ethnographie des techniques sensorielles et de leur transmission dans le cadre des pratiques artistiquesThis thesis proposes a study of the expertise within Théâtre du Mouvement, a contemporary mime company co-directed by Claire Heggen and Yves Marc in France. Based on performing arts studies, ethnology, as well as data in physiology and movement science, it specifically concerns the transmission of sensory skills. The first part presents the epistemological and methodological framework of the research, favoring a mode of micrological knowledge and an ethnographic approach. The second part deals successively with refining kinesthetic and proprioceptive sensitivities – insisting on a global self-knowledge and the incorporation of the principles of mime developed by Etienne Decroux (1898-1991) – visual and tactile sensitivities, highlighting the transmission of sensory expertise. Finally, the third part, through the portraits of three woman artists, experts from the company, postulates the sharing of a sensitive culture in the group of artists. This research is a contribution to the actor’s learning in “Arts du Mime et du Geste” in France today, as well as a contribution to an ethnography of sensory techniques and their transmission within performing arts
25
Barraud, Catherine. "Professionnalisation des étudiants infirmiers et construction identitaire : une approche par les représentations du métier et sous l'angle de la catégorisation sociale inter IFSI." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22035/document.
Abstract:
Le processus de professionnalisation des infirmières en France semble se baser préférentiellement sur une professionnalisation par les savoirs et les activités. La professionnalisation des individus par la construction d'une identité professionnelle est peu interrogée. Adoptant un regard psychosocial, nous nous proposons dans ce travail d'appréhender le développement identitaire professionnel des étudiants infirmiers. La construction de l’identité professionnelle des étudiants infirmiers s’appuie d’une part sur l'élaboration et l'évolution des représentations socioprofessionnelles de la profession infirmière et d’autre part, dans les relations intergroupales et sur le processus de catégorisation sociale qu'adoptent les étudiants infirmiers tout au long de leur formation. Réalisée dans quatre Instituts de Formation de la région Aquitaine auprès d’étudiants en début et en fin de formation, l’enquête allie méthode quantitative et méthode qualitative en deux séquences : des entretiens de groupe restreint et naturel ont été effectués en début et en fin d’année scolaire ; un questionnaire a été administré en milieu d’année scolaire aux promotions dans leur totalité. Les résultats montrent une différence et une évolution dans les représentations socioprofessionnelles qu’ont les étudiants de leur future profession. Une distinction est repérée non seulement selon l’année de formation mais aussi selon l’IFSI d’origine. La catégorisation sociale inter IFSI montre une évolution dans les modalités de catégorisation selon les IFSI et peu de corrélation avec les années de formationThe professionalization process of nurses in France seems to be preferentially based on knowledge and activities. The professionalization of individuals through the building up of a professional identity is hardly taken into account. In this study, we suggest to examine the professional identity development of nursing students from a psychosocial viewpoint. The building up of nursing students’ professional identity rests on the elaboration and development of socio-professional representations of the nursing profession on the one hand, and of cross-group relationships and the process of social categorization embraced by nursing students through their training on the other. Conducted among beginning and advanced students in four Training Institutes of the Aquitaine Region, this two-stage survey combines quantitative and qualitative methods: small, spontaneous group interviews were conducted at the beginning and end of the school year; the full student body was also given a questionnaire halfway through the school year. The results indicate differences and changes in the students’socio-professional representations of their future profession. Differences were observed not only depending on training level but also depending on the students’ home IFSI (Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers - Nursing Assistant Training Institute). The cross-ISFI social categorization reveals changes in categorization methods depending on the IFSI, and little correlation with training levels
26
Yadav, Saroj Bala. "A study of cost effectiveness of training modalities in population education." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1152.
27
Pighon, Abdolnaser. "Modalities of exercise training on liver fat accretion and inflammatory markers in ovariectomized rats." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4400.
Abstract:
Les facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires, telle, que la détérioration du profil lipidique, deviennent plus prononcés après la ménopause, ce qui fait de la maladie coronarienne, l’une des principales causes de décès chez les femmes ménopausées. Une proportion importante de femmes prennent du poids après la ménopause en particulier dans la région abdominale entraînant par conséquent des perturbations métaboliques. Des données récentes suggèrent également que l’absence des œstrogènes observée à la ménopause favorise le développement de la stéatose hépatique. Cette dernière a été incriminée pour incriminée dans le développement de la résistance à l'insuline, et est de ce fait considérée comme une composante hépatique du syndrome métabolique. Il est impératif d'établir des stratégies visant à contrecarrer l'accumulation de graisse dans le foie et l’accroissement du tissu adipeux chez les femmes ménopausées, en tenant compte que l'utilisation de l'hormonothérapie substitutive est de nos jours moins soutenue. Les quatre études de la présente thèse ont été conduites pour tenter de fournir des informations sur le traitement et la prévention de l’augmentation de la masse graisseuse et de la stéatose hépatique qu’entraîne la suppression des œstrogènes, à travers les modifications du mode de vie (diète et exercice physique) chez la rate ovariectomizée (Ovx); un modèle animal de la ménopause.
Dans les deux premières études nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’augmentation de la masse graisseuse et sa reprise suite à une perte de poids. Dans la première étude, nous avons montré que les rates Ovx qui ont suivi un programme de restriction alimentaire (FR) ont diminué significativement (P < 0.01) leur poids corporel, leur contenu en graisses intra-abdominales ainsi que leurs triacylglycérols (TAG) hépatiques, comparativement aux rates Ovx nourries à la diète normale. De plus, l’entraînement en résistance (RT) a prévenu la reprise de poids corporel ainsi que l’accroissement du tissu adipeux et l’accumulation de lipides dans le foie des rates Ovx, après l’arrêt du régime amaigrissant. Les résultats de la deuxième étude ont confirmé l'efficacité de la restriction alimentaire associée à l’entraînement en résistance (FR + RT) dans la réduction du poids corporel, des lipides dans le foie et le tissu adipeux chez les rates Ovx. Tenant compte des résultats de notre première étude, l’entraînement en résistance seulement a constitué un atout pour atténuer le poids corporel et la masse grasse reprise par les rates Ovx suite à un programme de perte de poids (FR + RT); bien que l'impact ait été moindre comparé au maintien seul de la restriction alimentaire. De la même manière que la supplémentation en œstrogènes, les résultats de la troisième étude indiquent que l'entraînement en endurance mené concurremment avec l’ovariectomie a significativement atténué l'accumulation de lipides dans le foie ainsi que dans le tissu adipeux. Toutefois, l’entraînement en endurance effectué avant l'ovariectomie n'a pas protégé contre l'accumulation des graisses qu’entraîne l'ovariectomie, si celui-ci est interrompu après l'ovariectomie. Enfin, pour compléter les résultats antérieurs, nous avons montré dans la quatrième étude que l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse de lipide; SREBP-1c, SCD-1, ChREBP, et ACC dans le foie a augmenté après le retrait des œstrogènes, tandis qu’une diminution (P < 0.01) des niveaux d'ARNm de PPAR-α a été observée. De plus, l'expression hépatique des gènes des cytokines pro-inflammatoires incluant IKKβ, IL-6 ainsi que le contenu protéinique de NF-кB étaient augmentés (P < 0.01) chez les rates Ovx par rapport aux rates ayant subi une Ovx simulée (Sham). Toutes ces perturbations ont été améliorées avec la supplémentation en œstrogènes seulement, ainsi qu'avec l'entraînement en endurance seulement.
Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats indiquent que l'exercice physique (en résistance ou en endurance) a un impact significatif sur la réduction de l'accumulation des lipides dans le foie et dans le tissu adipeux des rates Ovx. De plus, chez les rates Ovx, l’entraînement en endurance mimerait les effets des œstrogènes sur l'expression des gènes impliqués dans l'accumulation de lipides et l’inflammation préclinique dans le foie.Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as lipid profile deterioration, become more pronounced after menopause making coronary heart disease a leading cause of death among postmenopausal women. A large proportion of women after menopause gain weight especially in the abdominal region resulting in several metabolic disturbances. Recent evidence also suggests that loss of estrogen function in menopause is associated with the development of a state of hepatic steatosis. Excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes has been shown to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and is even considered as a hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome. There is an important need to establish strategies to counteract fat accumulation in adipocyte and liver in postmenopausal women specifically considering the fact that utilization of hormone replacement therapy is now less supported. The four studies of the present thesis have been conducted in an attempt to provide information on the treatment and prevention of estrogen withdrawal-induced fat mass and hepatic steatosis via lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise training) in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model of menopause. In the first two studies we focused on fat mass gain and regain following weight loss. In study 1, we showed that food restriction program (FR) decreased (P < 0.01) body mass, intra-abdominal fat pad weight, and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) levels as compared to normally fed Ovx rats. Moreover, resistance training program (RT) was useful in preventing body weight as well as adipose tissue and liver fat regain in Ovx rats, following diet-induced weight loss. Results of study 2 confirmed the efficiency of the FR + RT program in reducing body weight as well as liver and adipocytes fat accretion in Ovx rats. In line with the findings of our first study, continuation of only RT constituted an asset to attenuate body weight and fat mass regain in Ovx rats following a FR + RT weight loss program, although the impact was less than maintaining FR alone. Similar to estrogen supplementation, results of study 3 indicated that endurance exercise training conducted concurrently with the induction of ovariectomy significantly attenuated liver and adipocyte fat accumulation. However, an endurance exercise training state acquired before ovariectomy did not provide any protective effects against ovariectomy-induced fat accumulation if exercise is discontinued after the ovariectomy. Finally, complementing previous findings we showed in study 4 that liver gene expressions of transcription factors SREBP-1c and ChREBP along with downstream lipogenic enzymes SCD-1 and ACC were increased with estrogens withdrawal conversely to reduced PPAR-α mRNA levels (P < 0.01). Furthermore, gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IKKβ and IL-6 as well as protein content of NF-кB were higher (P < 0.01) in the liver of Ovx than in Sham animals. All of these responses were corrected with estrogen supplementation alone as well as with endurance exercise training alone in Ovx rats. On the whole, our results indicate that exercise training (resistance or endurance) has a significant impact on reducing fat accumulation in liver and adipocytes in Ovx rats. In addition, it seems that endurance exercise training in Ovx rats stimulates estrogenic-like effects on the expression of genes involved in lipid accumulation and sub-clinical inflammation in the liver.
28
Abela, MRL. "Exercising long-term : adherence to novel training modalities in older Australians - effects on strength, balance and functional capacity." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/34520.
Abstract:
University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Health.NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. This thesis contains 3rd party copyright material. The hardcopy may be available for consultation at the UTS Library.
NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. This thesis contains 3rd party copyright material. ----- Age-related reductions in muscle strength, balance and functional capacity can be offset with exercise, however, whilst a plethora of exercise programs exist for older individuals, adherence is often poor. Understanding the types of exercise programs that appeal to older individuals, as well as the factors that predict exercise adherence was the rationale behind this thesis. Study one investigated adherence between three types of home-based exercise programs, as well as identifying the predictors of exercise adherence among older individuals who were at an elevated risk of falling. Community-dwelling older adults aged >70 years (n=317) were recruited and divided into three groups consisting of gentle exercise (GE), structured strength and balance training (SSB) or a novel “unstructured” group that incorporated exercise into their daily lifestyle (LIFE). After six months of training, retention to the program was 81%, and overall adherence for the entire sample was 43%. Health status was the major predictor for non-adherence (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.18-3.25) and other factors significantly associated with higher exercise adherence included parameters from biological, psychological, functional and behavioural domains. The LIFE and GE groups recorded significantly higher adherence (25.5%) compared to the SSB group and since the GE group was used as a control condition, it appears that the LIFE approach enhanced adherence to exercise in older adults. Following the identification of numerous barriers to home-based exercise participation for older individuals and discovering that lifestyle programs can yield higher adherence, study two examined the effects of a novel form of training, Nintendo Wii Fit, on strength, balance and functional performance. This novel training regime was compared to a program which integrated exercise into daily life (IEDL) and was based upon the LIFE program in study one. The main outcome measures for this study included exercise adherence, strength, balance and functional performance. Nineteen community-dwelling women aged >70 years were recruited and randomised into the Wii group or the IEDL group. Following 10 weeks of training, adherence to the Wii Fit (88%) and IEDL (85%) groups was comparable. Additionally, the Wii Fit group displayed significantly higher balance confidence (17.3%) and knee extensor strength (33.1%) compared to the IEDL group. A number of improvements were recorded within the Wii Fit group for functional performance, knee flexion and extension strength and power, ankle dorsiflexion and static balance. Within-group improvements for similar parameters were recorded for the IEDL group, however, their magnitudes were often lower. It appears that novel, home-based exercise programs can improve exercise adherence among older populations without compromising performance outcomes. The findings from this research provide allied health professionals with additional choices to traditional exercise programs for elderly populations.
29
Terrell, Sara Lynn. "Neuromuscular training modalities as a preventive for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes a study of coaches' attitudes and perceptions /." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
30
Chen, Chung-Ta, and 陳鍾德. "Clinical Assessment of Dynamic Plantar Pressure Monitoring System and Development of Ambulatory Training Modalities for Lower Limb Motor Control Impaired Patients." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69607672490219003810.
Abstract:
碩士長庚大學
機械工程研究所
91
After surgery for the replacement of hip and knee joints, patients often experience lower limb dysfunction due to pain in the operated area. Abnormalities are seen in the inability of the patient to properly balance his weight on both legs. Surgeons usually suggest that patients should use accessory equipment to improve the weight-bearing balance of both legs in order to accelerate their return to normal function. It is thus important to establish a system for quantitative evaluation of both the weight-bearing balance of the legs during walking and the therapeutic effect of the accessory equipment. A tilting table is a rehabilitation equipment for gravity adaptation but it can neither be used in lower joint exercises, weight-bearing feedback at standing posture, nor in balance training. We also cannot quantitatively evaluate the effect of sole pressure feedback because this measurement needs to be taken simultaneously during training for integrated gravity adaptation and stepping balance. Balance shafts which are commonly used in walking training of patients with lower limb dysfunction cannot sufficiently support the patient’s body-weight and their use will ultimately result in poor recovery of muscle strength. It is interesting to know that during the act of balancing posture, the correct order of muscle activation and the balance of lower limbs can be induced and improved, respectively, in walking training by certain combinations of sole pressure data and electrical stimuli. The goals of the present study can be divided into three major items: quantitative evaluation of walking balance in patients with artificial hip or knee joints, development of a walking training system using sole pressure feedback gravity adaptation, and development of a walking-training system using sole pressure feedback electrostimuli. The first part of this study was done in cooperation with Professor Ming-Yih Lee, who developed the sole pressure detection system, and the Department of Orthopedics at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. This aimed to analyze and compare the weight-bearing balance during walking between normal individuals and patients with artificial hip or knee joints. In addition, we also evaluated post-stroke patients and compared the efficacy of three different sole pressure detection systems. Our study is the first one to use three balance indicators in the clinical assessment of walking in orthopedic patients. We analyzed the walking balance conditions among ten normal individuals, nine patients with artificial hip joint replacement and 26 patients with artificial knee joints. The subjects were made to walk independently and then walk while using three different kinds of accessory equipment with different heights of armrests. The three different armrest heights include 1) up to the level of the greater trochanter of the standing patient (condition A), 2) midway between the height of the greater trochanter and the palm (condition B) and 3) up to the level of the distal wrist crease (condition C). Our results demonstrated that 40% of knee joint replacement patients who used condition B or C had the best balance indicators, and 56% of hip joint replacement patients who used condition C had the best balance indicators. As for the comparison of the three sole pressure detection systems, our study used a sole pressure detection system developed by ourselves and two commercially available devices, the Pedar and GaitMatII, to clinically evaluate post-stroke patients. Our results showed that in the walking cycles, the single foot standing time ratios between the affected and unaffected legs measured by the GaitMatII pressure pad and our systems were 0.6 and 0.625, respectively. The single foot standing peak force ratio between the affected and unaffected legs measured by Pedar was 0.86 while the single foot standing total pressure ratio between the affected and unaffected leg measured by our system was 0.46. The second part of the study was the improvement of our newly developed gravity adaptation stepping machine. We attached sole pressure detection and feedback equipment and suspended weight supporting gear to the machine and developed a computer-based interface Window program with use of visual basic software. We used a touch-control monitor for better manipulation. The pattern of pressure distribution in 24 sensors in both legs could be monitored simultaneously when the patients stand on the paddle by transducing signals from the monitor to the Programming Logic Controller (PLC) and the sole pressure detection feedback equipment. The system also provided adjustment parameters such as paddle velocity, right and left foot alternation transfer time, and paddle amplitude. As for the suspended weight-supporting gear, our system could not only provide the patients with protection while using this rehabilitation equipment but also provide the accessory tool of body-weight support for handicapped patients. The third part of our study consisted of making some additions to the sole pressure detection system developed by Professor Lee, to lessen the power requirement, miniaturize the hardware design and systemically improve the design elements such as the M30620ECGP single chip microprocessor, quick-flashing memory card, alternative switch, membrane volt-resistance sensory element, signal amplification and transfer circuit, power circuit, liquid crystal display monitor, and amplifier. We also integrated a custom-made double-channel electrostimulator into the sole pressure feedback walking training system. The power circuit was modified to be able to simultaneously provide 3V and 9V of power to achieve a stimulatory effect. We performed function tests of the electrical stimuli by using different frequencies (100 Hz and 5 Hz). The output currents were 2.2mA and 0.6mA respectively, and the output voltage was 90V. We noted no interferences when the two channels were simultaneously tested. In the quantitative analysis of walking weight-bearing balance, our balance indicators could prove to be a useful basis in the clinical evaluation of a patient’ ability to control his posture. The results can provide surgeons and therapists with an objective reference in analyzing the outcomes of surgery and therapy. In the development of the sole pressure feedback gravity adaptation stepping training system, our study demonstrated that patients can use one single equipment for training in balance, stepping, and gravity adaptation simultaneously. This can not only shorten the rehabilitation time but also simultaneously provide the surgeons and therapists with the control parameters through the computer, and thus adjust to a more appropriate rehabilitation regimen for the individual patient. In terms of the custom-built sole pressure feedback electrostimulatory walking system, we have shown that our equipment can not only expand the storage capacity of testing data but also achieve the effect of sole pressure walking training through double stimulatory pulses generated by the pads that are attached to the patients’ lower limbs.
31
Oliveira, Ana Paula Simões de. "Projetos de vida e expectativas sociais dos jovens à saída do secundário: um estudo de caso numa escola secundária." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7820.
Abstract:
A sociedade do conhecimento enfrenta hoje mudanças e desafios significativos. Um deles é a
necessidade e a urgência em combater os (ainda) persistentes fenómenos de baixa qualificação
académica e profissional da sua população. Nas últimas décadas, Portugal tem implementado um
conjunto de políticas educativas que visam contrariar este fenómeno de modo a elevar os níveis de
qualificação da população portuguesa colocando-a em situação de igualdade com os padrões europeus.
No quadro das políticas que têm vindo a ser adotadas destaca-se a diversidade de modalidades de
educação e formação, que possibilitam uma multiplicidade de percursos escolares que se constituem
como alternativas ao designado ensino regular.
Com o objetivo de perceber a influência que as escolhas realizadas pelos jovens tem nos seus
projetos de vida e expetativas futuras, desenvolveu-se a presente investigação, assente num estudo de
caso que envolveu jovens à saída do ensino secundário de uma escola da área metropolitana de Lisboa,
com percursos escolares diversificados.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar a relação entre o percurso escolar, desdobrado em
variáveis caraterizadoras (número de retenções, resultados escolares, perceção sobre o curso
frequentado e autoavaliação das aprendizagens realizadas) e os projetos de vida e expetativas futuras
dos jovens, diferenciados nas dimensões familiar, de formação e de competências autoavaliadas.At present knowledge society encounters great transformations and challenges. One of these is the urgent necessity to restrict the (still) persistent phenomena of reduced academic and prof essional levels of its populations. In this last decade Portugal has implemented a series of educational policies that target on elevating the levels of qualifications of the Portuguese population and positioning it at the same standing of European standards. Within the framework of the implemented policies the varieties of educational and professional methods which enable a range of different routes to regular education stand out greatly. With the main objective of understanding the influence that the choices made by students have on their life projects and future expectations, this research was based on a case study of student population leaving high school in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon who followed assorted educational routes. The obtained results point to a relation between the chosen educational routes, supported by characterizing variables (number of retentions, school results, perception of the course taken and self -assessment of the learning undertaken) with the life projects and future expec tations of these young people differentiated by dimensions of family structure, qualifications and self -assessment skills.
32
Lawlor, Gwynneth Mary. "Examining the fit between personal, learning and practical work contexts of students to further practice excellence in social work training." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1997.
Abstract:
South Africa is currently facing a severe shortage of trained and competent social
workers. Case loads have reached proportions of such magnitude that social workers in
the field are battling to meet the needs of the people they serve, while still maintaining
high ethical and professional standards. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the field of social
work has currently redirected a major part of the focus of the profession on meeting the
needs of child-headed households, to find and train foster parents for these children and
generally to assist the poorest of the poor to access various grants applicable to their
circumstances.
This redirection appears also to have changed the emphasis regarding social work
training requirements. Whereas in the past the newly qualified social worker was able to
acquire additional skills in the workplace, under the guidance of experienced social
workers, today it would seem that the demands of the work place are such that the social
worker needs to take on significant responsibilities on entering the field. At the same
time the Department of Social Services in South Africa is encouraging universities to
increase the intake of social work students, in an attempt to meet this rising need for
personnel trained to meet the current requirements of the clients of social work services.
This exploratory research will focus on the applicability of UNISA (University of South
Africa) social work training to these current requirements of social work by tapping into
three different frames of reference:
1) The experiences and perceptions of the final year social work student in their
placement setting, and particularly on whether they have felt their UNISA training
equipped them for the work they are required to do.
2) The way the UNISA student is perceived by the practice setting personnel
(contact person), and whether they meet the requirements of the field setting.
3) Input from the UNISA appointed supervisors responsible for the final year social
work students' professional development in the field.The person-centred approach and the developmental approach have been briefly
discussed in relation to social work in South Africa in the literature review and form the
backdrop to this research, guiding the researcher in the exploration of the perceptions of
the three different types of respondents. Post-modern theory is also at the root of the
researcher's attempt to find fit between the different perceptions and the implications for
social work training at a distance learning institute in South Africa today.Social Work
M. A. (Mental Health)
33
Damsgaard, Donna. "Activity-oriented approaches in child and youth care interventions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3506.
Abstract:
The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study shows how child and youth care professionals understand and apply activity-oriented interventions with children aged 6 to 11. Thirteen child and youth care professionals who employ activity-oriented interventions with children participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. Eighteen emergent themes describe the participants’ perceptions of how activity-oriented interventions engage children, build therapeutic relationships and aid children’s learning. The findings in this study show how activity-oriented interventions fit with children’s development and are seen to be helpful in facilitating self-awareness and promoting change. Further, the findings highlight the lack of activity-oriented core training in Canadian undergraduate and graduate child and youth care programs. These finding suggest that there is a need for increased core curriculum in activity-oriented approaches, and also for future research in the effectiveness of activity-oriented interventions.Graduate