Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trähus'
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Ambertsson, Birger. "Stabilisering av lätta trähus." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104888.
Full textWith Tommy Persson the quality- and productmanager at Masonite Beams AB in Rundvik the issue surrounding the attachment of wall elements with a high prefabrication level to the ground was discussed. It was agreed I should study the wall attachment in one- and two-family houses and only the phenomenon overturning would be considered. The load distribution was made as Klas Nyman writes in his essay ”Tredimensionella effekter vid horisontalstabilisering av volymbyggda trähus”. Calculations of lift force was made according to the plastic method of sole plate anchored to the lift while the front rule is not anchored against lifting as Bo Källsner and Ulf Arne Girhammar describes in their book ”Horisontalstabilisering av träregelstommar”. For the calculation of the screws load carrying capacity are made according to Eurocode 5. For calculation of caharactersic 5-percentil values from tests are made according to SS-EN 14358:2006 Träkonstruktioner. Results; the two studied fastning methods load carrying capacity is 1.61 kN and 1.23 kN, the lifting force in the sole plate is in the order of 3-19 kN/m. The report can be seen as an indication of how big lift forces that occurs in the sole plate when the wind blows and an option on how to calculate these lifting forces. With more time could a better fastening method be designed.
Nilsson, Linnea. "Dimensionering av loftgångsbalkar i trähus." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-83555.
Full textThe study is based on a project that is a cooperation between Tyréns AB, Martinsons AB and Murman Arkitekter. They are about to construct two tall wooden houses in Sandåkern, Umeå. The purpose of this study was to define and calculate the beams, which are exposed to the highest amount of loads. This type of beam is located under the access balcony, which is on every floor between the apartments. These calculations also include the effects of moisture ratio and the acoustics plate´s ability to inhibit vibration noise. The results show that the investigated beam is sufficient, considering the loads that it will be exposed to. The acoustic plate prevents the noise and vibration from the access balcony to be heard inside the apartments. To be sure that the moisture ratio is acceptable it is important that the roofing felt is applied correctly. If not, the moisture will increase and within a few years the wooden beams probably will be weakened with rot and mold. The strength of the beam decreases with the same amount moisture ratio increases. As shown in the result of the control of climate class 3, the qualification of deflection is not achieved with higher moisture. In summary the investigated beam and the acoustic plate has correct dimensions, only if the roofing felt is mounted accurately with no open passages for moisture.
Stening, Eric, and Erik Wall. "Utmaningar med att projektera höga trähus." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61913.
Full textThis thesis have been executed to address the challenges that may emerge when tall timber buildings are to be designed. Tall timber buildings can be an important part for sustainable construction from several aspects. In this thesis, tall buildings have been defined as buildings with at least eight floors. In collaboration with WSP Örebro, the Head of Department on Construction Engineering has assisted with support and tips, and provided contact information to relevant actors in the subject, and has also been contacting several actors by own hand. In order to obtain the information, literature has been studied and interviews conducted with experienced actors in construction design. Most actors were oriented in timber buildings. During the interview, it has been found that the challenges for tall timber buildings are usually based on 5 areas. • Moisture • Shrinkage • Acoustics • Wind • Fire Under results, each area is summarized to the part that answers the question. The main challenge is how wind can affect tall timber buildings since wood is a lightweight material. In the conclusion, it is shown that a tall timber building should stand for many years in order to show what a good quality of a structure the tall timber building is.
Ersson, Tina. "Balkonger i trähus : Systematisering av konstruktionsarbete." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73287.
Full textAlp, Martin, and Muhsin Mohammed Dhiaa. "Livscykelanalys - En jämförelse mellan trähus och betonghus." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84437.
Full textWhen a raw material is being extracted to being used as a product and then demolished, environmental impact occurs in many different steps. With a Life-cycle-assessment (LCA), it is possible to calculate a product's environmental impact in all its phases. These are large amounts of greenhouse gases that are released into the environment and have a negative impact on the environment. The purpose of this report is to find out which of a wooden and concrete house is the most climate-smart in terms of emissions from extraction of materials until the house is completed.With the help of companies, we managed to obtain the quantity of the various houses in terms of material consumption for the foundation and walls of the houses. When the quantities have been obtained, the survey can go ahead and for this the tool Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsverktyg is used where the quantities are calculated for the materials that are in demand.In order to achieve a result, certain parts of the life-cycle-assessment are delimited. Things that will be included in the report are the construction phase, i.e. A1-5 in the tool Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsverktyg. This includes raw material extraction until the building is completed.The program calculations show that the concrete house accounts for a greater part of the climate impact than the wooden house. Concrete house's total climate impact (GWP), kg CO2 per m2 Atemp, is 48.753kg, while the wooden house's total climate impact is 14.836kg from the raw materials being extracted to the house being finished.The conclusion is that it is more climate smart and that there are more benefits to building a house in wood than building a house in concrete during the construction phase, even though they both have a concrete slab.
Bayley, Peter. "Mätning av produktionstiden vid prefabricerade hus : En tidsstudie vid Sävsjö Trähus AB." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1527.
Full textVid prissättning av ett hus ingår produktionskostnaden och den utgör en stor andel av det totala priset. I produktionskostnaden ingår material, avskrivning samt löner. Kostnaden för löner är den mest svårbedömda eftersom husens storlek och arkitektur aldrig är lika. Ansvarige för offert och avtal använder sig idag av olika tillverkningsfaktorer vid beräkning och framtagning av offerter. Dessa är baserade på många års erfarenhet, där enheten antingen är timme/m2 eller timme/st beroende på vilken faktor som avses. Idag har man full kontroll över det totala täckningsbidraget, men det finns en viss osäkerhet vad gäller fördelningen mellan husen eftersom det ständigt cirkulerar flera hus i produktionen. I föreliggande examensarbete har ett flertal tidsstudier utförts för att granska tillverkningsfaktorerna och relationen mellan dem. Fabrikens produktionsflöde styrs av tillverkningen av ytterväggar varefter arbetet avgränsades till att främst mäta stationerna som monterar dessa. Resultatet av tidsstudien pekar på att yttervägg gjord i linan och gavelvägg gjord i vändbänken har en för hög faktor i det nuvarande systemet. Vidare mättes fönster som monterades löst i ett färdigt block och fönster som reglades i fönsterbänk. Båda dessa faktorer resulterade i en för låg faktor jämfört med nuvarande. Andra faktorer som mättes var yttervägg vändbänk, gavelspets och locpanel. I samband med tidsstudien, som utfördes under totalt 4 veckors tid, granskades även produktionsprocessen vilket resulterade i några förslag på åtgärder som förbättrar effektivitet, kvalitet och säkerhet i fabriken. Att fördela arbetet på ett bättre sätt i linan vid produktion av panelhus är ett av förslagen som skulle höja effektiviteten.
Price-setting of a house includes production-cost and the production-cost is a substanial part of the total price. In production-cost are material, write-offs and salaries included. The last mentioned factor is the one that is most difficult to determine since the house-sizes and architectures never are the same. The person responsible for tender and making deals are today using factors of manufacturing which are based upon many years of experience and where the measurement is either h/m2 or h/pc depending on which factor one uses. The total covering-costs is good totally, but one does not know whether the proportions between different house-types is accurate since it constantly circulates multiple different houses in production. In this examination-work has multiple time-studies been made to research the factors of manufacturing and the proportion of them. The production-flow of the factory is controlled of the manufacturing of outer-walls and therefore the studies narrowed down to measure the stations that are assembling these. The results of the time-study showed tendencies that outer-walls made in the line and gables made at the turning-table have a factor that is high in the present system. Windows that was installed loose in a partition and windows that were studded in windowsill were also measured. Both these factors resulted in a low factor comparing to the presence.During the time-study, that lasted four weeks of time, was even the production-process researched and resulted in suggestions for changes that could increase efficiency, quality and security in the factory. One of the suggestions that could result in more efficiency was dividing the workload more efficiently in production of prefabricated houses.
Revekrans, Robin. "Användande av diffusionsspärr vid tilläggsisolering av äldre byggnader med trästomme." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-218871.
Full textElofsson, Elina, and Nicklas Bernlo. "Jämförelse av LVL-balk och lättbalk i mellanbjälklag : En studie för Moderna Trähus." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68568.
Full textModerna Trähus will investigate the possibility of replacing the LVL-beams with light composite wood-based beams, yet preserving the same construction method. The method means that the beams in the intermediate floor will be taking down 30 mm under the bathroom. This report presents the characteristics of both LVL-and light composite wood-based beams. The report also present different results from cost calculations, strength calculations and laboratory test based on the standard EOTA TR002.
Åsengård, Marie. "Icke värdeskapande moment inom prefabricering av trähus hos Storsjöhus AB:s husfabrik. : En fallstudie." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28839.
Full textStorsjöhus AB’s house factory is located in Pilgrimstad, approximately 30 km south of Östersund. They manufacture house- and building components made out of wood, to customers all over Sweden. Today the factory uses two production lines where they produce mainly wall elements. By remodeling- and extending the factory, the production can be increased with another production line. The results of this study that are presented in this thesis have two purposes. One is to find out if there are any non-value creating moments within prefabrication of wall elements and how these can be prevented in buildings made out of wood at Storsjöhus AB. The other purpose is, from a Lean perspective, to give an example of how to configure the new extended factory and at the same time minimize non-value creating moments in the production. Some of the non-value creating moments could be identified through observations. From the result and literature studies a proposition of a new extension to the factory have been developed, including suggestions for improvement, which are presented in this thesis. Some of the suggested improvements are combined with investments, some suggestions have a small or no impact on the finances. The goal with the proposed improvements is to reduce non-necessary waste and facilitate the work for the staff. One of the suggested improvements that have been proposed is to label the elements in a more efficient way before they are sent further on in the production. With some small modifications to the planned extension, it can be planned from a Lean perspective, and different kind of waste in the production can be reduced. This thesis only brings up the production of wall elements and the outdoor environmental of the factory. No consideration have been taken to costs for changes and extension of the building.
Jonsson, Anders. "Höga trähus med skivbeklädda träregelväggar som avstyvande element : En jämförelse mellan skivbeklädda träregelväggar och massivträväggar." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22473.
Full textExtensions of buildings are a way to increase opportunities to create more housing or premises when areas on the ground aren’t sufficient. After the previous restriction on building timber frames higher than two storeys were removed, is it now possible to do an extension out of timber. Wood is a light material that is suitable for an extension because strengthening of the existing building doesn’t have to be as comprehensive as with a steel- or concrete frame. A high building needs to be stabilized against horizontal forces. One way to do that is to design walls as shear walls. A shear wall is a wall that is designed to transfer loads to the underlying floor. The purpose of this study has been to, by calculations, present if it is possible to design a system with shear walls by either wooden studs covered with boards or solid wood panels that can transfer the horizontal loads to the existing building. The building that has been studied is a fictional eight-storey extension to an existing 15 meter high building that was built in Östersund. The calculations have been done by hand with theory based on Eurocode and Massivträ. Handboken. 2006. The study showed that it is possible to design shear walls both of wooden studs covered with boards and solid wood panels where both wall types managed to bring down the horizontal loads to the existing building. It turned out that the walls of solid wood panels can handle the loads by a wide margin and that it was the joint between the panels that needed to be designed differently for different floors of the building. For the wall made of wooden studs covered with boards, it is required a tight spacing for fasteners between boards and studs on the lower floors to handle the loads. That means that the design of the joint must be carefully designed with respect to the smallest screw distance when the inner board is perforated by the fastener for the outer board. Keywords: Structural stability, Timber structures, Sheet action.
Ernst, Christian. "Öppen Slutenhet." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168675.
Full textÖppen Slutenhet Mariefred tillhör en av Sveriges mest välbevarade trähusstäder. De karaktäristiska trähusen med stående träpanel, färgskalan och slutenheten mot gatan har varit en drivande utgångspunkt för förslaget. Att hotellet ska vara en träbyggnad har från början varit en självklarhet. Hotellets utbredning och placering på tomten har fått bestämmas av tomtens angränsande gators utformning. Att göra entréplanet publikt och ansluta fasaden mot gatan har varit självklart från början. Detta ger tillbaka Storgatan den urbana karaktär som återfinns längre in på gatan. Att få byggnaden anpassad till den komplexa kontext som platsen medger har varit projektets drivande gestaltningsmotor. Hotellet är en högrest byggnad med stomme, ytskikt och fasad i trä. Taket är sadlat och belagt med enkupigt lertegel. Så som den lokala byggnadstraditionen lyder. Hotellet innehåller 36 rum och alla är försedda med balkong, badkar och bastu. Det har varit viktigt att göra ett hotell som är till för mer än bara tiurister på kort besök, utan även ett hem för mariefredsborna, en byggnad som de kan vara stolta över.
Al-Neyazi, Sandra. "Axelskolan." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208207.
Full textThe project is about creating an easily oriented and divided pre-school and primary school in Solvalla, Stockholm, that contributes with clarity, security and playfulness to the children. The division takes place in two different ways: separating the pre-school from the primary school, and separating every grade. The result was a clear division of grades in which four branches with gable roofs meet in the middle and create an exciting meeting point for the different age groups. This centre became important and acts mainly as the school's common dining hall, but it also gives an overview of all the activities of the school. The branches also divided the site and created 3 schoolyards with different functions: the entrance yard, the park yard and the forest yard. Simplicity is the key word, as all branches of the school are similarly structured: traditional classrooms and playrooms situated along generous corridors with space for socializing. The focus lays on a simple understanding of the rooms and a small scale that the intended age group can easily handle. Then the children can focus on the most important thing - their own learning.
Gustavsson, Göran, and Göran Löfgren. "Höga trähus : Befintliga trähusproducenters förutsättningar och intresse att bygga flerfamiljshus med bärande trästomme med fler än två våningar." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2312.
Full textSyftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka befintliga trähusproducenters förutsättningar och intresse att bygga flerfamiljshus med bärande trästomme med fler än två våningar. För att nå vårt syfte har vi satt oss in i marknaden för höga trähus. Detta har vi gjort genom att initialt betrakta dels marknaden ur olika intressenters perspektiv, dels genom att undersöka företagen som finns på marknaden idag och placera in deras respektive byggsystem i en produktlivscykel. Vi har därefter satt oss in i marknaden för trähus och fokuserat på tio företag som vi har djupintervjuat. Vi beskriver sedan de samband vi ser mellan förutsättningarna på marknaden för höga trähus och intervjuresultaten. Dessa samband utmynnar i en analys av de faktorer som påverkar företagens val av strategi. Vi gör en uppdelning av företagen i olika strategiska grupper utgående från deras erfarenhet av höga trähus, och vi redogör för hur företagen i de olika grupperna kan agera vid några olika scenarier. Faktorer som påverkar är ägarförhållanden, övrig verksamhet i koncernen och bristen på ingenjörskompetens i projekteringen. I våra redovisade scenarier tror vi att flera av dagens trähusproducenter kommer att finnas på marknaden om fem år. Det gäller främst företag som är starka på projektverksamhet, men också företag som är underleverantörer av element. De företag som nu är på marknaden med ett byggsystem eller som nu är på väg in tror vi, i våra scenarier, har ett gynnsamt läge främst för leveranser till större och medelstora städer.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate existing manufacturers of wooden framed buildings requirements and interest of building block of flats with bearing wooden frame with more than two floors. With this in view we have studied the market for high wooden houses. We have initially regarded that market from the approach of different interest parties and through investigation of the companies in the market today and to place their systems for building technologies in a life cycle for the product. After that we have regarded the market for wooden framed buildings and focused on the ten companies which we have interviewed. Than we describe how the requirements on the market for high wooden houses are related to results from the interviews. These connections end in an analysis of the factors which influence the choices for the strategy of the companies. We divide the companies in different strategic groups. These groups originate from their experiences of high wooden houses. We describe how the different companies can act at some different scenarios. Factors which influence the existing manufacturers of wooden framed buildings entrance on the market are the state of proprietions, the other activity in the group of companies and the lack of competence of engineering in the projecting. In the scenarios, which we have given details about, do we predict that several of todays existing manufacturers of wooden framed buildings will be on the market in less than five years. This is above all valid for companies which are strong in the activities of projects and companies which are subcontractor of building elements. The companies which are on the market now with a system for building technologies, or are on their way, we believe have a favourable position above all for deliveries to larger or mediumlarge cities.
Bruun, Ludvig. "Trä och betonghus ur miljöperspektiv." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82371.
Full textNordblad, Sofia. "Stadsdelshus i Spånga-Tensta : Brofästet." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291642.
Full textMy town hall is located in Spånga-Tensta in western Stockholm. It is built of cross-laminated timber and has a glass facade to welcome the visitors. The building will house municipal employees but citizens are also invited to meet here. There is a restaurant for everyone to visit, with a large outdoor space to enjoy a meal in the sun. The presentation hall can be used by everyone for either work or parties and there is a foyer to host workshops or art exhibitions. The construction site is located by a bridge nearby the commuter train station in Spånga. There are excellent communications to the rest of Stockholm and I found the various heights on the site very interesting. You can enter my building from three different levels. The public, more vivid side of the building is facing the bridge whilst on the backside, the offices have views over a forest.
Mattsson, Sanna. "Förskolan Gröna Villan." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188137.
Full textProject based in Vasalund, close to Solna i north surburb of Stockholm. My project was a kindergarten in an area with villas from 1920's with beautiful old gardens and fragments from classism and charataristisc colours and elements. Kindergarten Green House is well adapted both for its content and surroundings in scale and charactar. Its green colour, the steep roof and the rounded windows are examples of how the new building fits its area. The interiors is characterized by simlicity, beautiful materialial as birch and limestone and rooms in a scale and logic that is adapted and understandable for children. The shared spaces as studios and workshop in located in the center surrounded by the three departents. The garden around Green House is an important complement for the interior rooms, the garden have space for pedagogic learning about nature, playing and have food outside in all kind of the swedish weather.
Holgersson, Andreas, and Thomas Törnblom. "Flervåningshus av trähusmoduler : Kostnadspåverkan på trähusmoduler till följd av ökade krav per våning." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40539.
Full textHelander, Sandra, and Magnus Linde. "Att bygga flervåningshus med trästomme - ur beställarens perspektiv." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23841.
Full textIn 1994, it became legal in Sweden to build residential houses with wooden frames higher than two storeys. There are many advantages to building houses with wooden frames, not least from an environmental point of view, but very few multi-storey houses with wooden frames are built in comparison to frames of other materials. The purpose of this study is to examine how clients reason when deciding on whether to build or not to build multi-storey houses with wooden frames and how their attitudes are towards this form of construction. To do this, a qualitative study has been conducted in which five people in a customer position have been interviewed. The results show that there is a certain lack of knowledge about wooden frames. Information is available, but few have taken part of it and the certainty of building in concrete in many cases exceeds the advantages that wooden frames actually have. Costs are for obvious reasons the most important aspect for many. There are different opinions regarding cost advantages in wooden frames, but if there are any, they need to be made clearer for clients if they are to explore wooden frames as an alternative. In many cases, it is the municipalities who get the less experienced clients to actually buy and build wooden framed houses, as in some places they require a wooden frame. Proposing a wooden framed building can also be a way of standing out from the crowd and thus gaining a landmark at the municipality. The influence of municipalities on companies’ choice of frame is something that the authors think should be researched further. Overall, it appears that there is a fairly positive view of wooden frames from the clients’ perspective, mainly regarding environmental aspects. However, it is not yet enough for the clients who are less experienced with wooden frames to willingly try it, as their knowledge of it is lacking and the fact that it has not proven to have cost advantages in all situations.
Öhlin, Emil. "Höghusbyggande med korslaminerade träskivor." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59887.
Full textHistoriskt sett är trä vårt viktigaste byggmaterial där användandet sträcker sig långt bak i tiden. Idag gör dess låga vikt det möjligt att prefabricera hela trästommar i fabrik för att sedan fraktas ut till arbetsplats där de kan monteras på plats. För att möta behoven och på bostadsmarknaden har Lindbäcks Bygg AB startat ett projekt där ett 14-våningshus ska projekteras. Att kunna bygga högt ligger i linje med ökade markpriser, eftersom marken måste utnyttjas på ett effektivare sätt. En sådan hög byggnad ställer stora krav på konstruktionslösningar för att kunna klara av stora pelarlaster i botten på byggnaden och samtidigt vara stabil mot vind. Syftet med denna rapport är att visa hur det är möjligt att konstruera ett 42 meter högt 14-våningshus med KL-trästomme. Vid beräkningar används en preliminär planlösning, som inte är helt färdigställd. Detta är för att ge möjlighet att visa en godtycklig lösning som kan fungera för byggnader med olika planlösning. Av samma anledning är nyttjandegraden för KL-träskivorna lägre än vad som önskas för att en byggnad skall anses kostnadsoptimerad. Det resultat som redovisas är med avseende på statiska laster. Dynamiska laster och svängningar har inte beaktats. För att vindstabilisera byggnaden undersöks två olika metoder. I ena metoden utgörs stabiliseringen av trapphusen av betong. I det andra fallet stabiliseras byggnaden genom skivverkan med 120 mm tjocka KL-träskivor, vilket även används till att bära upp de vertikala lasterna i bägge fallen. På var 5:e våning i byggnaden används betongbjälklag, som bidrar med att minska lastens fördelning på de svagare delarna i konstruktionen. Med kompositteori kontrolleras KL-träskivorna med avseende på skjuvning, deformation och tryck. Skivan kan betraktas som limträ av klass GL28h om C24-virke används, vilket är antaget i denna rapport. KL-träskivorna ses som ett homogent element när de tar upp horisontala krafter. Detta medför att skjuvkrafterna kan spridas genom hela skivan, vilket medför lägre tryck och lyftkrafter i ändarna av de stabiliserande skivorna, jämfört med en traditionell gipsvägg. KL-träskivorna som används visas vara tillräckligt styva för att klara av vindlasterna och trycklasterna. Då en byggnad stabiliseras med betongtrapphus antas det att betongstommen utformas så att den kan ta upp de horisontala lasterna som leds in till betongtrapphusen. Resultatet visar på att det är möjligt att med avseende på statiska laster konstruera ett 14-våningshus med en KL-trästomme, som uppfyller kraven enligt EKS9. Då byggnaden vindstabiliseras med betongtorn så uppkommer det en last mot trapphusen. Det har inte undersökts om betongens kapacitet är tillräcklig för denna belastning.
Persson, Tobias, and Oscar Hannu. "Träfasader på höga hus : Brandtekniska möjligheter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89027.
Full textThe Swedish legislation of building code was changed in 1994, allowingconstruction of wooden buildings over two floors. To do so there are certainfunctional requirements that must be fulfilled to obtain fire safety. This studydetermines the level of knowledge of different contractors in the constructionindustry in the subject through interviews. The possibilities of using wooden facadesin high-rise building are also presented. The study shows that several possibilities touse wooden facades i high rise buildings are possible according to the legislation.Contractors in the industry consider their knowledge to be sufficient but believesthere is a general lack of knowledge in the industry regarding fire safetyrequirements.
Luu, Alan, and John Ragnarsson. "Effektivisering av informationsflödet hos ett företag med produktvariation : Fallstudie på A-hus AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67066.
Full textEriksson, Jennifer. "Horizontal natural frequency in a 10 story building : A comparison between CLT and concrete using estimate calculations." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152131.
Full textHöga slanka byggnader kan sättas i svajande rörelser av vind och jordbävningar, men genom att uppskatta byggnadernas horisontella egenfrekvenser i den tidiga konstruktionsfasen kan dessa rörelser hållas inom acceptabla gränser. Det är många parametrar som bestämmer byggnadens egenfrekvens och det kan därför vara svårt att beräkna den. Det finns dock några sätt att uppskatta horisontella egenfrekvenser hos höga byggnader och två metoder har testats i denna rapport. Båda metoderna ger frekvensen av en fast inspänd konsolbalk men en av dem kräver ett enfrihetsgradsystem medan den andra kan hantera ett system med flera frihetsgrader. Metoderna kallas SDOF-metoden och MDOF-metoden i denna rapport. En fiktiv byggnad skapades i detta projekt för att vara referensobjekt i jämförelsen mellan de två metoderna SDOF och MDOF. Byggnadens väggar och golv konstruerades med stöd av både en akustiker och en konstruktör för att skapa en realistisk byggnad. Byggnadens egenfrekvens är beroende av byggnadens egenvikt, styvhet och höjd och det var därför viktigt att utforma dessa komponenter med omsorg. Den fiktiva byggnaden kallas House 1 och är en 10 vånings-, nästan fyrkantig byggnad ca 20 m lång och bred och 30 m hög. Denna rapport jämför inte bara egenfrekvenserna erhållna från de två olika beräkningsmetoderna, den visar även skillnaden i frekvens i trä- och betongkonstruktioner. Skjuvväggar utgör det horisontella stabiliseringssystemet för den fiktiva byggnaden och både en KL-kärna och en betongkärna har utformats och jämförts. Det är bara väggarna som skiljer de två olika versionerna åt, bjälklagen består av KL-skivor i båda fallen. De horisontella egenfrekvenserna hos House 1 var ca 2 Hz och 3 Hz för KL-version respektive betongversion. Frekvenser inom detta område var väntade med tanke på höjden av House 1. Att KL-kärnan skulle ha en lägre frekvens än betongkärnan förväntades också eftersom betong är ett styvare material än trä. För att kunna göra en rättvis jämförelse mellan SDOF-metoden och MDOF-metoden, var House 1 utformad med samma dimension och styvhet på alla våningsplan eftersom SDOF-metoden kräver det. Resultaten från de två metoderna är nästan identiska med endast 0,3 Hz och 0,4 Hz skillnad för betong respektive KL. För en skjuvväggskonstruktion med en kontinuerlig styvhet, vikt och dimension kan båda de två metoderna användas för att uppskatta den horisontella egenfrekvensen. Det är dock inte realistiskt för en byggnad på 30 m eller högre att ha samma dimensioner på den lastbärande konstruktionen på alla våningar vilket gör MDOF-metoden mer korrekt i fler fall än SDOF-metoden.
Oddgeirsson, Edmark Henrik. "Varje fartyg är unikt : Sjöbefäls upplevelser av BRM och hur det tränas." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82489.
Full textBridge Resource Management (in short BRM) is today a natural part of ship handling, with its purpose of enhancing safety. The accidents, on the other hand, are not declining by a desired rate. This study has therefore posed the question of how working deck officers experience training in BRM and how it is contributing to safety. The theoretical basis is the concept of non-technical skills. The conclusion is that every vessel is unique when it comes to BRM. Seemingly abstract faculties as attitude and behavior shown by the crewmembers combined with practical, nautical competence and experience are key factors for safe ship handling. Every moment of BRM-training should be a unique event, and therefore arranged keeping the specific needs and background of the participants in mind.
Lundström, Johan. "Variation i kognitiva utmaningar : En studie om hur kognitiva förmågor tränas i läroböcker i engelska." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-170235.
Full textLarsson, Emelie, and Anton Lydell. "Livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys av nyckelfärdiga flerbostadshus : En jämförelse mellan betong- och träkonstruktion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150099.
Full textThe residential sector accounts for more than a third of the energy use in Sweden. To reduce the energy use of buildings is a necessity in order to meet future regulationof maximum allowable energy, but also important to reduce the impact on global warming. Another complexity arising in Sweden is the shortage of accommodation. Municipal housing corporations face the challenge of constructing residences fast, cheap and with concern of environmental effects in order to reduce the shortage of accommodation. One way of assessing two of the three aspects of sustainability when looking at future construction of residential buildings is to carry out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and a Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA). An LCA can indicate what kind of environmental impact a product causes over its lifetime and the LCC allows for assessing what types of costs are associated with the product. For the municipal housing corporation Stångåstaden AB the shortage of accommodation is a reality and their mindset is sustainable construction of residences. This study was conducted upon request from Stångåstaden who wanted a comparative LCA and LCCA between two prefabricated multi-residential buildings that are available to them through a framework agreement. The first building has a concrete foundation and the second one is made of wood. The houses are planned to be placed at the outskirts of Linköping, Sweden. The focus of this study has been to comparatively assess the environmental impact from the different life cycle phases and the economic costs of the two buildings during a time period of 50 years. Moreover, the thesis also analyze the optimal retrofit strategy for the buildings in order to find the optimal (lowest) life cycle cost. Furthermore, the current literature has conveyed relatively few studies that combine both LCA and LCC methodology for house types that are common in most towns. The result from the LCA indicated that the house with concrete construction had a little less impact in six of the seven studied environmental impact categories compared to the house made of wood. The result differed slightly when the input data were changed. Regarding the LCCA the house made of wood was roughly 20 % more expensive than its concrete counterpart. Changing the input data revealed no difference in the result. With an interest rate of 7,5 % no retrofits were profitable for either building, however reducing the interest rate to half its original value made it cost optimal to increase the floor insulation for the house made of wood. More studies should be conducted to be able to draw general conclusions regarding which construction material that is the most sustainable. This thesis is based on two specific and real cases. The same result could possibly not be expected from other studies comparing buildings with concrete and wood construction.
Thorling, Åsa, and Anne-Marie Cederberg. "Hur tränas och kompenseras elevernas läs- och skrivsvårigheter? : Tre specialpedagoger och två speciallärare tar datorn till hjälp." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Special Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28141.
Full textHur säger specialpedagoger/speciallärare att de anpassar datorbaserad träning och kompensation för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter? Uppfattar specialpedagoger/speciallärare att elevernas motivation för skolarbetet påverkas? Anser de att eleven ser sina framsteg och måluppfyllelser på ett tydligt sätt? Visar studien att specialpedagoger/speciallärare anser att eleverna ska träna mer på det de inte kan? Eller väljer de istället att kompensera för svårigheterna och visar på alternativa vägar för att eleverna ska ha möjlighet att inkluderas i den ordinarie undervisningen? Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tre specialpedagoger och två speciallärare har denna studie undersökt hur de individanpassar datorbaserat arbete för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Undersökningen är inriktad på specialpedagoger/speciallärare som arbetar praktiskt nära elever i skolår 1-6. Studien visar att specialpedagoger/speciallärare säger sig utgå från elevens behov och initierar inte alltid diagnostisering i första hand. Enligt informanternas uppfattningar är det inte antingen träning eller kompensation, utan både och. Individanpassningen visade sig variera beroende på kompetens, tillgång till datorer, attityder samt samverkan inom organisationerna. Alla specialpedagoger och speciallärare talade varmt om datorn som komplement till den ordinarie undervisningen. De ansåg att datorn är motivationshöjande och leder till ökad koncentrationsförmåga. Eleverna kan enligt informanterna tydligt se sina framsteg vilket bidrar till positiva effekter för eleven.
Söderberg, Karin. "Läskulturer i geografiämnet : - En studie av vilka läsförmågor som tränas genom arbete med elevuppgifter i två geografiläromedel." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412624.
Full textUrthaler, Stephanie. "Tränas förmågorna i ämnet fysik? : En innehållsanalys av lärarnas planeringar, LPP:er samt hur lärarna övar förmågorna med eleverna i ämnet fysik." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33978.
Full textStrömberg, Michelle, and Emelie Svensson. "TRÄDS UPPTAG AV METALLER PÅ FÖRORENAD MARK : EN FÄLTSTUDIE OM TRÄDPROVTAGNING ÄR LÄMPLIGT SOM INDIKATION PÅ METALLFÖRORENING." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18922.
Full textThe number of polluted areas in Sweden has been estimated to around 80 000. Therefore, during the last decade, a lot of time and effort have been spent to characterize the contaminants and assess the hazard at many of these sites. In some rare cases remedial action has already been completed. Traditionally survey methods such as groundwater and soil sampling are applied to determine the degree of pollution at contaminated site. These methods generally mean a lot of work and high costs as pollutants often are distributed unevenly at the site. These sampling techniques may also influence the surroundings. Because of the difficulties that may occur, it would be attractive to find an alternative sampling method that can provide an overall assessment of the pollution situation before any drilling and excavation is carried out. Tree sampling requires an increment borer to extract the tree-core. To see if there is any connection of where the tree uptake is made, this study also includes samples taken from soil and roots. One potential method is to use trees as a source of material for sampling instead of soil and water. Tree sampling requires only an increment borer to extract the tree-core. As the accumulation ability may vary with different plant organs samples in this study was taken from both roots and stems. To analyse the relationship between pollutants in soil and in tree organs soil samples were also included. The study material consisted of samples from 45 trees on site and two referential trees. There were three firs, two pines and the remainder forty was birches. The analysis made where on metals and the study focused on arsenic, lead, copper and zinc. Analyses of results by linear regression didn´t show any strong relationship between metal content in soil and metal content in the tree organs (max R2value = 0,30). However, it was possible to discern a stronger relationship between soil and roots than between soil and stems. There's a possibility that this study of tree samples might be a suitable method for the future, but still more tests needs to be done and more development needs in the field.
Eriksson, Andreas, and Gabriel Ågren. "Materialtester på KL-trä : Undersökning av KL-träets tryckkraftskapacitet och tryckhållfasthet samt teoretiska beräkningar och praktiska tester av en KL-trä bräda." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85125.
Full textCompression perpendicular to the grain is today a problem with tall wood buildings with timber-frame at, for example, the meeting between timber stud and the bottom rail. A material that has become increasingly popular in Sweden is cross-laminated timber, which is referred to as CLT, where lamellae are glued together crosswise to a board. Experiments have previously been performed on the material and it has shownthat a board made of CLT, which is not manufactured today, can withstand a higher pressure than an ordinary board made of structural timber, which could be a solution to the problems with compression perpendicular to the grain in tall wood buildings. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the CLTs characteristic compressive force capacity and compressive strength for two formations of CLT where proportions of perpendicular and parallel lamellae that are loaded in the cross section differ. It will also be investigated how loads are distributed on the lamellae which are loaded parallel to the grain and perpendicular to the grain in a board made of CLT and that theoretical calculations of the compressive force capacity were performed in the middle and at the end of the board. The thesis was comprised of three different methods where the standard SS-EN 408 for compression perpendicular to the grain was used to determine compressive forcecapacity and compressive strength for the two formations of CLT through material tests in a hydraulic press. The load distribution between the lamellae in a CLT-boardwas examined by compression tests at the end of the board and reflects a real meeting between a timber stud and the bottom rail. A solid board made of CLT, a board where the perpendicular lamellae were sawn off and a board made of structural timber were loaded to investigate the difference in compression. Theoretical calculations were performed on the CLT-boards both in the middle and at the end through calculating the different lamellae as individual boards according to Eurocode 5 and EKS11 and then all lamellae for the CLT-board were summed. The results showed that the arrangement of CLT with the largest proportion of lamellae parallel to the grain obtained the largest compressive force capacity and had the highest compressive strength. In the CLT-board, the parallel-loaded lamellae took up about four-fifths of the load in the cross-section that was loaded. The theoretical calculations performed gave a lower compressive force capacity than the results of the experimental tests. For material test 1 where the lamellae were distributed 58% perpendicular lamellaeand 42% parallel lamellae, characteristic values of 79.7 kN on compressive capacity and 18.6 MPa on compressive strength were obtained. For material test 2 where the lamellae were distributed 42% perpendicular lamellae and 58% parallel lamellae, characteristic values of 114.6 kN on compressive capacity and 26.8 MPa on compressive strength were obtained. The load distribution in the CLT-plank shown that the parallel-loaded lamellae took up a load corresponding to 80.8% and the perpendicular lamellae took up a load corresponding to 19.2%. The theoretical calculations were used to 57% in comparison with the maximum load from the experimental test, both in the middle and at the end of the board.
Brock, Saskia. "Hur tränas social kompetens med hjälp av utomhuspedagogik? : Kan utomhuspedagogik vara en möjlighet för att öka den sociala kompetensen hos elever i gymnasieskolan?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1251.
Full textSyfte med detta arbete var att undersöka om och hur utomhuspedagogik kan främja social kompetens och om utomhuspedagogik kan vara en möjlighet för att träna social kompetens i gymnasieskolan.
Dagens ungdomar har färre vuxenkontakter och blir influerade av det tekniska samhället samtidigt som sociala färdigheter tränas mindre. Därav blir ungdomars brister i social kompetens mer påtaglig för samhället. Gymnasielever befinner sig i en känslig utvecklingsfas där social kompetens spelar en omedveten roll för sociala interaktioner. För närvarande finns ingen aktuell forskning om sambandet mellan utomhuspedagogik och träning av social kompetens på gymnasieskolan.
Min empiriska studie har med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer av fyra verksamheter som arbetar med utomhuspedagogik tagit reda på om och hur utomhuspedagogik kan användas för att främja social kompetens. Respondenterna är verksamma i grundskolan, försvarsmakten, polisutbildningen och företagskonsulting. Jag har intervjuat en respondent från varje verksamhet.
I min undersökning har jag kommit fram till att utomhuspedagogik kan främja social kompetens och tillämpas för att träna social kompetens i gymnasieskolan med hjälp av i andra verksamheter beprövade verktyg som bör anpassas till tonåringars behov.
Framtida forskning för utveckling av utbildningskoncept och kompetenser är lika nödvändig som en skolpolitisk förankring av social färdighetsträning i gymnasieskolans styrdokument.
Wilander, Madelen. "Trädvård i historiska landskapsparker : Tillvägagångssätt för att bevara äldre träd i historiska parker. Exemplet Axmar bruk landskapspark." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13541.
Full textHelbling, Violetta. "Förderung umweltbewussten Verhaltens durch wirksame(re) Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation." Thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-232658.
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