Journal articles: 'TRAFFICO E AMBIENTE'

1

Chiafele, Anna. "Corpi di scarto: la vita in discarica narrata da Elisabetta Bucciarelli // Corpi di scarto: Life in a Landfill Narrated by Elisabetta Bucciarelli // Corpi di scarto: La vida en un vertedero narrada por Elisabetta Bucciarelli." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 8, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2017.8.2.1428.

Full text

Abstract:

Riassunto In questo articolo si offre una lettura ecocritica di Corpi di scarto, romanzo noir della scrittrice italiana Elisabetta Bucciarelli. Bucciarelli descrive la vita all’interno di una discarica italiana in cui vengono scaricate illegalmente alcune sostanze nocive provenienti da un ospedale limitrofo. Partendo da alcuni principi cardine dell’ecocritica materiale, si dimostrerà che lo scarto è dotato di forza agente e, per questo, interagisce con l’ambiente e con tutti gli esseri, umani e non. In questo romanzo, Bucciarelli si spinge oltre l’immaginario catastrofico alimentato dal discorso tossico. Nonostante le conseguenze nefaste del traffico illecito di rifiuti, Bucciarelli riesce a evidenziare la capacità dei rifiuti di cooperare con gli abitanti della discarica. Con Corpi di scarto, Bucciarelli ha scritto un noir coinvolgente che illustra l’illusione dell’essere umano di poter dominare l’ambiente e la materia attraverso diversi tipi di barriere. Invece di storie del disincanto, Bucciarelli ci propone una storia di compassione che nasce osservando i nostri rifiuti quotidiani. A volte, sono proprio i membri ridondanti della società, abitanti della discarica, ad essere in grado di trasformare e riabilitare la spazzatura. Abstract In this article, I offer an ecocritical reading of Corpi di scarto, a noir novel written by the Italian writer Elisabetta Bucciarelli. Bucciarelli describes the life within an Italian landfill in which some illegal and toxic substances from a nearby hospital are dumped. Starting from some fundamental principles of material ecocriticism, I illustrate how trash is endowed with its own agency and, therefore, is interactive with the environment and with both human and non-human beings. In this novel, Bucciarelli goes beyond the catastrophic imagination fostered by the toxic discourse. Despite the nefarious consequences of illegal trafficking of trash, Bucciarelli succeeds in underlining the ability of trash to cooperate with the inhabitants of the landfill. With Corpi di Scarto, Bucciarelli wrote a captivating noir that illustrates the illusion human beings have of being able to dominate their environment through different kind of barriers. Instead of stories of disenchantment, Bucciarelli offers a story of compassion, which comes from observing our daily trash. Sometimes, it is those members of society seemingly the most redundant, the inhabitants of the landfill, who are able to transform and rehabilitate trash. Resumen En este artículo se plantea una lectura ecocrítica de Corpi di scarto, una novela negra escrita por la italiana Elisabetta Bucciarelli. En ella, Bucciarelli describe el entorno de un vertedero italiano en el que se desechan sustancias y productos ilegales provenientes de un hospital cercano. Partiendo de los principios fundamentales de la ecocrítica, se demostrará cómo los residuos interactúan con el medio ambiente y, por ende, con todos los seres que en él habitan. Bucciarelli navega por la imaginación catastrófica conducida a través de un discurso tóxico. A pesar de las consecuencias negativas del tráfico ilegal de residuos, la autora es capaz de resaltar la capacidad que tienen las sustancias residuales para cooperar con los habitantes del vertedero. En Corpi di scarto, Bucciarelli ilustra la ilusión del ser humano de dominar su entorno a través de diversas barreras. En lugar de narrar una historia de desengaño, la italiana recrea un relato de compasión que nace de la observación de nuestros residuos cotidianos. En ocasiones, los propios miembros redundantes de la sociedad, habitantes del vertedero, son aquellos capaces de transformar y rehabilitar los residuos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wright, Steve, Nicholas J. Ward, and Anthony G. Cohn. "Enhanced Presence in Driving Simulators Using Autonomous Traffic with Virtual Personalities." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 11, no. 6 (December 2002): 578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474602321050712.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper summarizes a project to increase the sense of presence within a driving simulator while interacting with autonomous traffic. The project sought to model natural variations in ambient traffic to emulate identifiable driving styles for different categories of driver. Probability distributions combined with decision histories were employed to characterize speed choice while providing a mechanism for introducing temporal and spatial variation in speed changes. These efforts produced “virtual personalities” representing different categories of ambient traffic including generic, male, female, old, drunk, aggressive, cautious, and fatigued. A user evaluation of the ambient traffic concluded that naturalistic variation in behavior can significantly contribute to the subjective realism of the interaction with traffic simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kliučininkas, Linas, Simona Balkevičiene, and Jolita Mockuviene. "MODELLING OF TRAFFIC POLICY MEASURES FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 18, 2005): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2005vol1.2133.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the application of the Integrated Transport Effect Modeling System ITEMS, taking into consideration existing vehicle fleet, traffic flows, and ambient air quality monitoring data. The objective of this study is to estimate the exhausts of CO, NOx, and SO2 released by motor vehicles in relation to predictive traffic policy measures in Kaunas, Lithuania.This study analyses the extent to which some traffic policies and future trends may influence the ambient air pollution in urban environment. Three traffic policy measures such as: i) increase of car parking fee; ii) reduction of car parking places; iii) introduction of dedicated traffic lines for public transport are considered as the case studies to examine the extend to which they could reduce emissions from motor vehicles. At the same time, each policy measure comprises four scenarios including one, which indicates the current situation. The comparative analyses of the influence of different traffic policy measures on vehicle/passenger kilometres travelled and on emissions are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Shelton, Ben, and Keith Nesbitt. "WaveWatch – An Ambient Display of Web Traffic Data." Application and Theory of Computer Technology 2, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22496/atct20161230121.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sangnum, Pisut, Niti Kammuang-Lue, P. Sakulchangsatjatai, and P. Terdtoon. "Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chiang Mai City Using Mobile Surveying Approach." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.605.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to evaluate on Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chiang Mai city and to study effects of population density, building density and traffic density on ambient air temperature. The ambient air temperature was measured by thermocouples at a constant altitude of 2 m above the road. The surveyed routes were divided to urban routes and rural routes. The Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) was calculated from an average ambient air temperature difference between urban and rural areas. Experimental investigations were carried out in 2 periods, which were a day time (12.30-02.30 pm) and a night time (10.00 pm-00.00 am) on Monday, Wednesday, and Sunday in summer time (March-May, 2013). The results show that the UHII in Chiang Mai city in a day time is +1.1 °C and in a night time is +1.3 °C. Moreover, the population density, building density and traffic density were found to have significant effects on ambient air temperature, especially the population density and building density have direct effect on ambient air temperature. However, the traffic density has direct effect on ambient air temperature only in a day time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Agarwal, Sheetal, and B. L. Swami. "Status of ambient noise levels in Jaipur city." Environment Conservation Journal 11, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2010): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2010.1221.

Full text

Abstract:

Transportation sector is one of the major contributors to noise in urban areas. Hence, as a first step towards assessment of noise pollution, measurement was taken up with emphasis on traffic noise. During the course of study ten heavy to medium busy commercial corridors were selected for monitoring of vehicular traffic activities and ambient noise levels as well. Sound Level Meter (SLM) SC-30 with a calibration source was used for measurement of equivalent noise levels.The results indicates that the noise levels were higher than the limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), It directly highlighted the necessity of effective mitigation measures of noise pollution levels in the city.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lee, Wen-Jhy, Ya-Fen Wang, Ta-Chang Lin, Ying-Yuan Chen, Weng-Chang Lin, Chin-Chuen Ku, and Juei-Tang Cheng. "PAH characteristics in the ambient air of traffic-source." Science of The Total Environment 159, no. 2-3 (January 1995): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04323-s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lee, Berto Paul, Peter Kwok Keung Louie, Connie Luk, and Chak Keung Chan. "Evaluation of traffic exhaust contributions to ambient carbonaceous submicron particulate matter in an urban roadside environment in Hong Kong." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 24 (December 21, 2017): 15121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15121-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Road traffic has significant impacts on air quality particularly in densely urbanized and populated areas where vehicle emissions are a major local source of ambient particulate matter. Engine type (i.e., fuel use) significantly impacts the chemical characteristics of tailpipe emission, and thus the distribution of engine types in traffic impacts measured ambient concentrations. This study provides an estimation of the contribution of vehicles powered by different fuels (gasoline, diesel, LPG) to carbonaceous submicron aerosol mass (PM1) based on ambient aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and elemental carbon (EC) measurements and vehicle count data in an urban inner city environment in Hong Kong with the aim to gauge the importance of different engine types to particulate matter burdens in a typical urban street canyon. On an average per-vehicle basis, gasoline vehicles emitted 75 and 93 % more organics than diesel and LPG vehicles, respectively, while EC emissions from diesel vehicles were 45 % higher than those from gasoline vehicles. LPG vehicles showed no appreciable contributions to EC and thus overall represented a small contributor to traffic-related primary ambient PM1 despite their high abundance (∼ 30 %) in the traffic mix. Total carbonaceous particle mass contributions to ambient PM1 from diesel engines were only marginally higher (∼ 4 %) than those from gasoline engines, which is likely an effect of recently introduced control strategies targeted at commercial vehicles and buses. Overall, gasoline vehicles contributed 1.2 µg m−3 of EC and 1.1 µ m−3 of organics, LPG vehicles 0.6 µg m−3 of organics and diesel vehicles 2.0 µg m−3 of EC and 0.7 µg m−3 of organics to ambient carbonaceous PM1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yakunin, I. N., A. F. Fattakhova, E. V. Yakunina, and O. I. Shapovalova. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES ON THE FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIOLATIONS OF TRAFFIC RULES." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 2 (2022): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-2-115.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In the hot season, there is a positive relationship between the number of accidents per thousand registered vehicles and air temperature, due to the fact that high temperatures and solar activity can have a significant negative impact on the condition of drivers. As a rule, the creation of an emergency is preceded by a violation of traffic rules. Therefore, the identification of the type and number of violations committed by drivers at high ambient temperatures is relevant. The purpose of the work is to assess the impact of high ambient temperatures on the structure and frequency of traffic violations. Based on a literature review, the article states that at present there is no methodology for assessing the impact of high ambient temperatures on the characteristics of traffic violations. As an information platform, data from the Wialon — GPS/Glonass system are used, which allow you to objectively assess the characteristics of driving activity and the number of traffic violations. The work uses methods of mathematical statistics. The main result of the work, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the study, is the revealed increasing dependence of the total number of traffic violations on the average monthly ambient temperature. The structure of such violations is determined. The most significant, based on the impact on the accident rate, violations are: exceeding the speed limit and abrupt and dangerous maneuvers. It has been found that the total number of violations of the rules increases during periods with high ambient temperatures by 94% compared to months with moderate temperatures. The largest number of violations consists in exceeding the speed limit — 97.8% of their total number. The practical significance of the work consists in obtaining objective information about accidents at high ambient temperatures, on the basis of which it becomes possible to develop organizational and technological measures aimed at improving road safety. The areas of further research are related to the creation of an information platform for theoretical and methodological tools aimed at preventing high accidents of road transport in the hot season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bilenko, Natalya, Michal Ashin, Michael Friger, Laura Fischer, Ruslan Sergienko, and Eyal Sheiner. "Traffic Noise and Ambient Air Pollution Are Risk Factorsfor Preeclampsia." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 4552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154552.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of traffic-related noise (TRN), environmental noise (EN) and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on preeclampsia. Methods: We followed 285 pregnant women from Maternal and Child Health Clinics who reported exposure to TRN on a scale from 0 (absence of EN) to 10 (high level of EN). EN was measured using a portable dosimeter, and NOx was calculated using the AERMOD pollutant dispersion model. Results: Using a multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for maternal age, BMI, number of births, fetal sex and maternal chronic illness, TRN (score ≥ 6 vs. score < 6) and TRAP (NOx ≥ 300 µ/m3 vs. NOx < 300 µ/m3) were noted as independent risk factors for preeclampsia, with OR = 3.07 (95% CI 0.97; 9.70, p = 0.056) and OR = 3.43 (95% CI 1.20; 9.87, p = 0.022), respectively. Joint exposure to TRN and TRAP was associated with a significant and independent risk for preeclampsia (OR of 4.11 (95% CI 1.31; 12.94, p = 0.016). Conclusions: In our population, traffic-related noise and ambient TRAP were risk factors for preeclampsia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Širović, Ana, John A. Hildebrand, and Mark A. McDonald. "Ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda and Panama Canal traffic." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 139, no. 5 (May 2016): 2417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4947517.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Guicherit, Robert. "Traffic as a source of volatile hydrocarbons in ambient air." Science of The Total Environment 205, no. 2-3 (October 1997): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00207-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Janhäll, Sara, Peter Molnar, and Mattias Hallquist. "Traffic emission factors of ultrafine particles: effects from ambient air." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14, no. 9 (2012): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2em30235g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

., T. Peganvignesh. "ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN TRAFFIC JUNCTIONS, VELLORE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 05 (May 25, 2016): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0505039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

de Kok, Theo M., Janneke G. Hogervorst, Jacco J. Briedé, Marcel H. van Herwijnen, Lou M. Maas, Edwin J. Moonen, Hermen A. Driece, and Jos C. Kleinjans. "Genotoxicity and physicochemical characteristics of traffic-related ambient particulate matter." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 46, no. 2 (2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20133.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

OBrien, Eugene, Ciaran Carey, and Jennifer Keenahan. "Bridge damage detection using ambient traffic and moving force identification." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 22, no. 12 (April 27, 2015): 1396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.1749.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Okon, I. E., K. I. Omoniyi, E. D. Paul, and P. A. Ekwumemgbo. "Influence of Vehicle Traffic Emissions on Spatial Variation of Ozone and its Precursors in Air of Port Harcourt City, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 8 (November 29, 2021): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i8.11.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed at assessing the influence of vehicle traffic on spatial variation of ozone (O3) and its vehicular emission precursors in the air of Port Harcourt city. Sampling was carried out in ten (10) sites, eight (8) located within the high traffic density area (study sites) and two (2) located within the very low traffic density area (reference sites). The precursor pollutants measured were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCSs). Ozone and the precursor pollutants were measured in situ using AeroQUAL 500 series portable ambient air analyzer while traffic flow survey was achieved by direct counting. Measurements were carried out at morning, evening and off-peak traffic periods respectively. The mean concentrations of ozone and the precursor pollutants were significantly higher (p = 0.05) in the study sites than in the reference sites. Mean concentrations were higher at peak traffic periods than at off-peak traffic periods except for ozone that was higher at off-peak than at morning peak. There was significant correlation between traffic density and each of the pollutants including ozone. The spatial variability in concentration of pollutants was influenced by vehicular traffic. VOCs and NO2 levels were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) limit of 0.05 ppm and 0.04 – 0.06 ppm respectively, O3 concentration was below the standard limit (0.06 ppm) but was at the verge of exceeding. Traffic emission within the city was significant and could be mitigated through regular monitoring and control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kermani, Majid, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mitra Gholami, Abbas Shahsavani, Farhad Taghizadeh, and Hossein Arfaeinia. "Ambient air PM2.5-bound PAHs in low traffic, high traffic, and industrial areas along Tehran, Iran." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 27, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1695194.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Potgieter-Vermaak, Sanja, Marianne Stranger, Leen Verlinden, Edward Roekens, and Rene Van Grieken. "Ambient NO2 concentration profiles in Flanders using passive sampling." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 27, no. 4 (September 20, 2008): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v27i4.95.

Full text

Abstract:

In most parts of Europe NO2 emissions from excessive road traffic, concentrated by confined spaces and limited dispersion, are often higher than the ambient guideline values. As a pollutant,NO2 has a number of adverse effects on human health and the environment. The European Union sets guideline and threshold values for various pollutants, to protect humans and the environment, of which NO2 is one. Flanders adopted these values as most countries did, and the monitoring and evaluation of the levels against these guideline values are mostly done by VMM (the Flemish Environmental Company). The air quality Framework Directive (96/62/EG) was drafted on the27th of September 1996 and instituted on the 21st of November 1996. New guideline values forNO2 will come into effect in 2010 (1999/30/EG). The future hourly guideline value is 200 µg m-3which may not be exceeded more than 18 times in a calendar year. The average annual guideline value must not exceed 40 µg m-3.Currently various pollutants are continuously monitored by means of fixed monster monitors and analysers, where after data is extrapolated to give an overview of the dispersion. In the 2003annual report the future guideline value has been exceeded in 7 locations in Flanders. Moreover, in a separate study it was reported that in various locations with high traffic density and low dispersion, this value was exceeded, even though the dispersion model did not indicate it. Hence, to test these and other locations against the future guideline value a total of 19points, in 6 different cities and towns in Flanders, were chosen to monitor the NO2 profile over a1 year period. Passive sampling, averaged over periods of 2 weeks, was used and comparisons with the fixed monitors in some of these locations were possible. The future annual guideline value of 40 µg m-3 (2010) was exceeded in 11 of the 19 measured locations. When high traffic density was accompanied by low dispersion the value was at its highest and the results confirmed the relationship between high traffic density and high NO2concentrations. A good correlation between duplicate measurements and those compared to the fixed monitors ensured accurate and precise results. Ozone-rich periods were noted for the highNO2 values as expected, while seasonal effects were also noted. Backward trajectories indicated the significance of air masses originating from heavily polluted areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Hudda, Neelakshi, Misha Eliasziw, Scott O. Hersey, Ellin Reisner, Robert D. Brook, Wig Zamore, John L. Durant, and Doug Brugge. "Effect of Reducing Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Blood Pressure." Hypertension 77, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15580.

Full text

Abstract:

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to increased prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure (BP) for residents of near-highway neighborhoods. Relatively few studies have investigated the effects of reducing TRAP exposure on short-term changes in BP. We assessed whether reducing indoor TRAP concentrations by using stand-alone high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters and limiting infiltration through doors and windows effectively prevented acute (ie, over a span of hours) increases in BP. Using a 3-period crossover design, 77 participants were randomized to attend three 2-hour-long exposure sessions separated by 1-week washout periods. Each participant was exposed to high, medium, and low TRAP concentrations in a room near an interstate highway. Particle number concentrations, black carbon concentrations, and temperature were monitored continuously. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and heart rate were measured every 10 minutes. Outcomes were analyzed with a linear mixed model. The primary outcome was the change in SBP from 20 minutes from the start of exposure. SBP increased with exposure duration, and the amount of increase was related to the magnitude of exposure. The mean change in SBP was 0.6 mm Hg for low exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 2500 particles/cm 3 and 149 ng/m 3 ), 1.3 mm Hg for medium exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 11 000 particles/cm 3 and 409 ng/m 3 ), and 2.8 mm Hg for high exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 30 000 particles/cm 3 and 826 ng/m 3 ; linear trend P =0.019). There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes, diastolic BP, or heart rate. In conclusion, reducing indoor concentrations of TRAP was effective in preventing acute increases in SBP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Jerrett, M., M. A. Arain, P. Kanaroglou, B. Beckerman, D. Crouse, N. L. Gilbert, J. R. Brook, N. Finkelstein, and M. M. Finkelstein. "Modeling the Intraurban Variability of Ambient Traffic Pollution in Toronto, Canada." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 70, no. 3-4 (February 2007): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390600883018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ishikawa, Yoshinori, Konosuke Nishida, and Takane Kitao. "A model for estimation of traffic NOxemission rates from ambient NOxconcentrations." International Journal of Environmental Studies 41, no. 1-2 (August 1992): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207239208710744.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Minguillón, M. C., I. Rivas, T. Moreno, A. Alastuey, O. Font, P. Córdoba, M. Álvarez-Pedrerol, J. Sunyer, and X. Querol. "Road traffic and sandy playground influence on ambient pollutants in schools." Atmospheric Environment 111 (June 2015): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Hou, Zhi-Hui, Meng Wang, Hao Xu, Matthew J. Budoff, Adam A. Szpiro, Sverre Vedal, Joel D. Kaufman, and Bin Lu. "Ambient air pollution, traffic proximity and coronary atherosclerotic phenotype in China." Environmental Research 188 (September 2020): 109841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109841.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Tun, Sai Nyan Lin, Than Htut Aung, Aye Sandar Mon, Pyay Hein Kyaw, Wattasit Siriwong, Mark Robson, and Than Htut. "Assessment of ambient dust pollution status at selected point sources (residential and commercial) of Mingaladon area, Yangon region, Myanmar." Journal of Health Research 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-11-2017-007.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Dust (particulate matters) is very dangerous to our health as it is not visible with our naked eyes. Emissions of dust concentrations in the natural environment can occur mainly by road traffic, constructions and dust generating working environments. The purpose of this paper is to assess the ambient dust pollution status and to find out the association between PM concentrations and other determinant factors such as wind speed, ambient temperature, relative humidity and traffic congestion. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted for two consecutive months (June and July, 2016) at a residential site (Defence Services Liver Hospital, Mingaladon) and a commercial site (Htouk-kyant Junction, Mingaladon) based on WHO Air Quality Reference Guideline Value (24-hour average). Hourly monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration and determinant factors such as traffic congestion, wind speed, ambient temperature and relative humidity for 24 hours a day was performed in both study sites. CW-HAT200 handheld particulate matters monitoring device was used to assess PM concentrations, temperature and humidity while traffic congestion was monitored by CCTV cameras. Findings The baseline PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of Mingaladon area were (28.50±11.49)µg/m3 and (52.69±23.53)µg/m3, means 61.48 percent of PM2.5 concentration and 54.92 percent of PM10 concentration exceeded than the WHO reference value during the study period. PM concentration usually reached a peak during early morning (within 3:00 a.m.-5:00 a.m.) and at night (after 9:00 p.m.). PM2.5 concentration mainly depends on traffic congestion and temperature (adjusted R2=0.286), while PM10 concentration depends on traffic congestion and relative humidity (adjusted R2=0.292). Wind speed played a negative role in both PM2.5 and PM10 concentration with r=−0.228 and r=−0.266. Originality/value The air quality of the study area did not reach the satisfiable condition. The main cause of increased dust pollution in the whole study area was high traffic congestion (R2=0.63 and 0.60 for PM2.5 and PM10 concentration).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zivkovic, Filip. "The level of ambient sounds as an indicator of urban road safety." Put i saobraćaj 66, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.66.04.02.

Full text

Abstract:

Traffic in urban areas has led to environmental noise pollution. However, traffic is not only source of noise, so environmental noise is referred to as a communal noise, which is combination of several sources. All sources may lead to consequences on human health such as: stress, tinnitus, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and death in extreme cases. In this regard, ambient sound levels were measured at 19 locations in the city of Belgrade, during the winter and summer period. The aim of this paper is to show ambient sounds level as an indicator of urban road safety, based on which it would be possible to complete the goals of creating cities suitable for the life of citizens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Geipel, Inga, Bawan Amin, Rachel A. Page, and Wouter Halfwerk. "Does bat response to traffic noise support the misleading cue hypothesis?" Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 6 (September 27, 2019): 1775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz148.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The world has become a noisier place due to the increase in urbanization. Noise is generally considered an impediment, altering an animal’s behavior through masking or distraction. But noise can also provide useful information about the environment. For animals that rely on natural environmental noise as an indicator of favorable foraging conditions, increasing levels of anthropogenic noise might mislead informed decision-making. Bats use rain noise, a natural environmental cue, to delay their emergence from the roost, presumably to avoid sensory and metabolic costs associated with foraging in heavy rain. Here we tested the “misleading cue hypothesis,” asking whether traffic noise is mistaken for rain noise by bats. Given the acoustic similarity between rain noise and traffic noise, we predicted that bats would confuse the two. We conducted a playback experiment using rain, traffic, and ambient noise at natural roosts of common big-eared bats (Micronycteris microtis, Phyllostomidae) and recorded bat emergence behavior. In contrast to their response to rain noise, the bats did not delay roost emergence in response to traffic noise. Thus, we found that bats were able to discriminate between traffic noise and rain noise and were not misled by similarity in acoustic parameters in the two noise types, when emerging from their roost. Emerging bats did show more exploration flights during traffic noise than during rain noise, but not during ambient noise, suggesting that they perceive traffic noise as a novel acoustic cue. Our data provide new insights into perception of traffic noise by bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Regencia, Zypher Jude G., Godofreda V. Dalmacion, Antonio D. Ligsay, and Emmanuel S. Baja. "Short-Term Cumulative Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Black Carbon and Blood Pressure: MMDA Traffic Enforcers’ Health Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 12122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212122.

Full text

Abstract:

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is linked with acute alterations in blood pressure (BP). We examined the cumulative short-term effect of black carbon (BC) exposure on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP and assessed effect modification by participant characteristics. SBP and DBP were repeatedly measured on 152 traffic enforcers. Using a linear mixed-effects model with random intercepts, quadratic (QCDL) and cubic (CCDL) constrained distributed lag models were fitted to estimate the cumulative effect of BC concentration on SBP and DBP during the 10 hours (daily exposure) and 7 days (weekly exposure) before the BP measurement. Ambient BC was related to increased BP with QCDL models. An interquartile range change in BC cumulative during the 7 days before the BP measurement was associated with increased BP (1.2% change in mean SBP, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1 to 2.3; and 0.5% change in mean DBP, 95% CI, −0.8 to 1.7). Moreover, the association between the 10-h cumulative BC exposure and SBP was stronger for female (4.0% change, 95% CI: 2.1–5.9) versus male and for obese (2.9% change, 95% CI: 1.0–4.8) vs. non-obese traffic enforcers. Short-term cumulative exposure to ambient traffic-related BC could bring about cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms involving increased BP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Syafei, Arie Dipareza, Nurul Rizki Nurasrin, Abdu Fadli Assomadi, and Rachmat Boedisantoso. "Microplastic Pollution in the Ambient Air of Surabaya, Indonesia." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (June 8, 2019): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.13.

Full text

Abstract:

Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 mm in length. Microplastics in the air can be ingested and inhaled by humans. In this work, three sites in a roadside area were investigated for microplastics. Air samples were obtained by sucking air at these three sites into a stainless steel funnel with a vacuum pump. The air went through a filter media to retain any particles, which were then collected and observed with a digital microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) testing. A diversity of microplastic shapes were identified at the sites, including fibres, fragments and films. Pellets were not found at any sites, and fibre was the dominant microplastic shape. The highest microplastic was found in the study site with high traffic volume than at sites with low traffic volume. Microplastic on Urip Sumoharjo street (225,087 units/day) as many as 174.97 particles/m3 and 130.50 particles/m3, Mayjend Sungkono street (132,066 units/day) as many as 131.75 particles/m3 and 68.36 particles/m3, and Embong Malang street (98,017 units/day) as much 94.69 particles/m3 and 55.93 particles/m3. Microplastics from different polymers, such as polyethene terephthalate (PET), polyester and cellophane, were identified. Thus, dust emissions and depositions in the air, on land surfaces, and in aquatic environments are associated with microplastic transportation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Johansson, Anders, Karl Bolin, and Jesper Alvarsson. "Annoyance and Partial Masking of Wind Turbine Noise from Ambient Sources." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919382.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper investigates noise annoyance from wind turbines of different sizes and in different acoustic surroundings. A listening test was conducted where wind turbine noises were rated alone and together with background sounds from a deciduous forest, a busy city and road traffic. A magnitude production procedure was implemented which showed high correlation between repeated measurements and the results were analysed using A-weighted sound levels, signal-to-noise ratios and time varying loudness and partial loudness. Ratings for wind turbine sound heard alone showed no coherent statistically significant differences between wind turbine types, neither for A-weighted sound levels nor loudness. The masking test indicate that road traffic noise is a superior masker compared to forest sound. However, these effects where only statistically significant at low sound levels, below the range 35–45 dB(A), where noise guidelines for wind turbine noise usually are stipulated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Cai, Yutong, Wilma L. Zijlema, Dany Doiron, Marta Blangiardo, Paul R. Burton, Isabel Fortier, Amadou Gaye, et al. "Ambient air pollution, traffic noise and adult asthma prevalence: a BioSHaRE approach." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 1 (October 20, 2016): 1502127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02127-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated the effects of both ambient air pollution and traffic noise on adult asthma prevalence, using harmonised data from three European cohort studies established in 2006–2013 (HUNT3, Lifelines and UK Biobank).Residential exposures to ambient air pollution (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) were estimated by a pan-European Land Use Regression model for 2007. Traffic noise for 2009 was modelled at home addresses by adapting a standardised noise assessment framework (CNOSSOS-EU). A cross-sectional analysis of 646 731 participants aged ≥20 years was undertaken using DataSHIELD to pool data for individual-level analysis via a “compute to the data” approach. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to assess the effects of each exposure on lifetime and current asthma prevalence.PM10 or NO2 higher by 10 µg·m−3 was associated with 12.8% (95% CI 9.5–16.3%) and 1.9% (95% CI 1.1–2.8%) higher lifetime asthma prevalence, respectively, independent of confounders. Effects were larger in those aged ≥50 years, ever-smokers and less educated. Noise exposure was not significantly associated with asthma prevalence.This study suggests that long-term ambient PM10 exposure is associated with asthma prevalence in western European adults. Traffic noise is not associated with asthma prevalence, but its potential to impact on asthma exacerbations needs further investigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Zhang, Shaoyi, Yongliang Wang, and Kaiping Yu. "Steady-State Data Baseline Model for Nonstationary Monitoring Data of Urban Girder Bridges." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 12134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912134.

Full text

Abstract:

In bridge structural health monitoring systems, an accurate baseline model is particularly important for identifying subsequent structural damage. Environmental and operational loads cause nonstationarity in the strain monitoring data of urban girder bridges. Such nonstationary monitoring data can mask damage and reduce the accuracy of the established baseline model. To address this problem, a steady-state data baseline model for bridges is proposed. First, for observable effects such as ambient temperature, a directional projection decoupling method for strain monitoring data is proposed, which can reduce the nonstationary effect of ambient temperature, and the effectiveness of this method is proven using equations. Second, for unobservable effects such as traffic load, a k-means clustering method for steady state of traffic loads is proposed; using this method, which can divide the steady and nonsteady states of traffic loads and reduce the nonstationary effect of traffic loads on strain monitoring data, a steady-state baseline model is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the steady-state baseline model is verified using an actual bridge. The results show that the proposed baseline model can reduce the error caused by nonstationary effects, improve the modelling accuracy, and provide useful information for subsequent damage identification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Sims, Paul Q., Samuel K. Hung, and Bernd Würsig. "High-Speed Vessel Noises in West Hong Kong Waters and Their Contributions Relative to Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)." Journal of Marine Biology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/169103.

Full text

Abstract:

The waters of West Hong Kong are home to a population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) that use a variety of sounds to communicate. This area is also dominated by intense vessel traffic that is believed to be behaviorally and acoustically disruptive to dolphins. While behavioral changes have been documented, acoustic disturbance has yet to be shown. We compared the relative sound contributions of various high-speed vessels to nearby ambient noise and dolphin social sounds. Ambient noise levels were also compared between areas of high and low traffic. We found large differences in sound pressure levels between high traffic and no traffic areas, suggesting that vessels are the main contributors to these discrepancies. Vessel sounds were well within the audible range of dolphins, with sounds from 315–45,000 Hz. Additionally, vessel sounds at distances ≥100 m exceeded those of dolphin sounds at closer distances. Our results reaffirm earlier studies that vessels have large sound contributions to dolphin habitats, and we suspect that they may be inducing masking effects of dolphin sounds at close distances. Further research on dolphin behavior and acoustics in relation to vessels is needed to clarify impacts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kulyukin, Vladimir A., Daniel Coster, Anastasiia Tkachenko, Daniel Hornberger, and Aleksey V. Kulyukin. "Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation as a Predictor of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Traffic in Linear and Non-Linear Regression: Numerical Stability, Physical Time and Energy Efficiency." Sensors 23, no. 5 (February 26, 2023): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052584.

Full text

Abstract:

Since bee traffic is a contributing factor to hive health and electromagnetic radiation has a growing presence in the urban milieu, we investigate ambient electromagnetic radiation as a predictor of bee traffic in the hive’s vicinity in an urban environment. To that end, we built two multi-sensor stations and deployed them for four and a half months at a private apiary in Logan, UT, USA. to record ambient weather and electromagnetic radiation. We placed two non-invasive video loggers on two hives at the apiary to extract omnidirectional bee motion counts from videos. The time-aligned datasets were used to evaluate 200 linear and 3,703,200 non-linear (random forest and support vector machine) regressors to predict bee motion counts from time, weather, and electromagnetic radiation. In all regressors, electromagnetic radiation was as good a predictor of traffic as weather. Both weather and electromagnetic radiation were better predictors than time. On the 13,412 time-aligned weather, electromagnetic radiation, and bee traffic records, random forest regressors had higher maximum R2 scores and resulted in more energy efficient parameterized grid searches. Both types of regressors were numerically stable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Zhang, Tianchu, Yushan Su, Jerzy Debosz, Michael Noble, Anthony Munoz, and Xiaohong Xu. "Continuous Measurements and Source Apportionment of Ambient PM2.5-Bound Elements in Windsor, Canada." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020374.

Full text

Abstract:

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, are impacted by local emissions and regional/transboundary transport input and also attributable to secondary formation. PM2.5-bound elements were monitored hourly in Windsor from April to October 2021. Observed concentrations of the elements were generally comparable to historical measurements at urban sites in Ontario. A clear diurnal pattern was observed for most of the elements, i.e., high in the morning and low in the afternoon, mostly related to evolution of atmospheric mixing heights and local anthropogenic activities. Conversely, sulfur showed elevated levels in the afternoon, suggesting conversion of gaseous sulfur dioxide to particulate sulphate was enhanced by increased ambient temperatures. Five source factors were resolved using the US EPA positive matrix factorization model, including three traffic-related sources (i.e., vehicular exhaust, crustal dust, and vehicle tire and brake wear factors) and two industrial sources (i.e., coal/heavy oil burning and metal processing factors). Overall, the three traffic-related sources were mostly local and contributed to 47% of the total elemental concentrations, while the two industrial sources may originate from regional/transboundary sources and contributed to 53%. Measures to control both local traffic emissions and regional/transboundary industrial sources would help reduce levels of PM2.5-bound elements in Windsor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Inchaouh, Manal, Kenza Khomsi, and Pr Mohamed Tahiri. "Ambient Air Quality Assessment in the Grand Casablanca Area (Morocco): Impact of Road Traffic Emissions for the 2013-2016 Period." Energy and Earth Science 1, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ees.v1n1p1.

Full text

Abstract:

Air Pollution is a serious hazard worldwide especially in urban areas. Road traffic is the main cause of pollution in agglomerations that are confronted to an excess of pollutants due to traffic intensity and the dominance of diesel cars. This paper presents the assessment of road traffic pollution in the Grand Casablanca area. Data used are the result of simultaneous measurements at thirteen sites located in the Grand Casablanca. Available data cover 4 years period (2013-2016). Traffic-related air pollutants are reviewed in order to assess their impact on the local air quality. It include nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO) and Benzene (C6H6). Annual evolutions are presented and compared to national air quality standards; NO2 annual trends are also evaluated. The [NO]/[NO2] emissions ratio calculation allows then to characterize the measurement sites against road traffic. The paper focuses on determining the contribution of road traffic emissions on air quality modifying; we found spatial variability in traffic pollutants. The results pointed out that road traffic and conditions are the main causes of air pollution in the area and the analysis provide a quick view of the relatively critical areas that need more action to reduce this pollution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Shi, Yuqi, Ziyan Xi, Maimaiti Simayi, Jing Li, and Shaodong Xie. "Scattered coal is the largest source of ambient volatile organic compounds during the heating season in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 15 (August 11, 2020): 9351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9351-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We identified scattered coal burning as the largest contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exceeding traffic-related emissions, during the heating season (the cold season when fossil fuel is burned for residential heating) in Beijing prior to the rigorous emission limitations enacted in 2017. However, scattered coal is underestimated in emission inventories generally because the activity data are incompletely recorded in official energy statistics. Results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) models confirmed that coal burning was the largest contributor to VOC mixing ratios prior to the emission limitations of 2017, and a reduction in scattered coal combustion, especially in the rural residential sector, was the primary factor in the observed decrease in ambient VOCs and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential in urban Beijing after 2017. Scattered coal burning was included in a corrected emission inventory, and we obtained comparable results between this corrected inventory and PMF analysis particularly for the non-control period. However, a refined source subclassification showed that passenger car exhaust, petrochemical manufacturing, gas stations, traffic evaporation, traffic equipment manufacturing, painting, and electronics manufacturing are also contributors to ambient VOCs. These sources should focus on future emission reduction strategies and targets in Beijing. Moreover, in other regions with scattered coal-based heating, scattered coal burning is still the key factor to improve the air quality in winter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Singh, Ashish, Elangovan Rajsekar, and Manoranjan Parida. "Development of a relation between traffic variables and environmental noise descriptors for four-lane National Highways." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 4276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0611.

Full text

Abstract:

In India, transportation sector is quickly expanding. The heterogeneity of traffic plays a vital role in shaping noise ambience in vicinity of highways. This study aims to evaluate the factors that contribute to traffic noise along four-lane divided National Highways. Data were collected at 4 locations with free-flowing traffic on the National Highway 334 in India. The parameters included traffic noise levels, classified traffic volumes, vehicular speed, and geometry of highway cross-section. Traffic volume and composition were captured using videography, while traffic speed was measured using radar gun. Single octave spectral characteristics of the traffic noise were measured using a multi-channel noise spectrum analyser. The data was sampled at 15 minutes intervals and measurements carried out for 3-hour duration during peak and off-peak periods weekdays and weekends. Noise descriptors such as equivalent noise level (Leq), 10 percentile sound level (L10), 50 percentile sound level (L50), 90 percentile sound level (L90) were estimated from the measured data. Effect of traffic characteristics on the traffic noise levels was established through regression analysis. The study concludes that traffic volume, percentage of heavy vehicles, and traffic speed are the major factors influencing noise levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ajie Ronowijoyo, Tozan, Muhammad Arief Budiharjo, and Sri Sumiyati. "Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Conditions of TSP Parameters and Its Source in Temon District." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020202009.

Full text

Abstract:

Air pollution as dust particles (TSP) is produced by nature or human activities. Some human activities that produce TSP include transportation and industrial activities. High TSP concentrations can cause disturbances ranging from visual disturbances to health problems. Temon District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province is the location of Yogyakarta International Airport, so it is necessary to know the current ambient air quality, especially TSP and its source. This article shows the level of TSP concentration in the Temon District area and its sources. The analysis is done by linking the concentration of the TSP to the traffic volume and road condition. In Temon District, the level of TSP concentration ranges from 22 - 70.2 µg/m³. Traffic volume ranges from 1,720 - 2,099 passenger car unit (pcu)/hour in intersection and 19.51 -565.79 pcu/hour in the roads section. Road conditions start from very bad to good. In general, TSP parameters are still in good condition and do not cause health problems. Primary pollutant sources come from traffic and secondary pollutant sources come from road conditions

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wnorowski, Andrzej, David Harnish, Ying Jiang, Valbona Celo, Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska, and Jean-Pierre Charland. "Assessment and Characterization of Alkylated PAHs in Selected Sites across Canada." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081320.

Full text

Abstract:

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are naturally present in fossil fuels. Thus, they can be considered as candidates for markers of pollution from petrogenic emissions such as those from traffic. Consequently, ambient air concentrations of alkyl-PAHs, DBTs, and PAHs at selected ambient air monitoring sites of various types (residential, near-road, urban-industrial, agricultural) in Montréal, Toronto, Hamilton, Edmonton, and Simcoe, were evaluated from 2015 to 2016 to study their profiles, trends, and assess potential primary emission source types. Alkyl-PAHs were the prevailing species at all sites and were most elevated at the high-traffic impacted near-road site in Toronto which was also accompanied by the highest unsubstituted PAH concentrations. Comparison of relative abundance ratios of alkyl-PAH and PAH groupings suggests that the profile differences amongst sites were small. Source attribution with cluster grouping suggested similar emission sources of alkyl-PAH and PAH at all sites, with the exception of Hamilton which was particularly impacted by additional emission sources of PAHs. The Principal Component Analysis further indicated distinct PAC profiles at HWY401 and HMT that have the same variability of “heavy PACs” but differ in “medium mass PAHs” sources. Seasonality affected the bulk species trends (alkylated naphthalenes, fluorenes, and phenanthrenes/anthracenes), especially at sites with lower concentrations of these species. This study findings confirm a notable contribution of traffic emissions to alkyl-PAH levels in urban ambient air at the studied Canadian sites, and show that enhanced speciation of alkyl-PAHs provides more data on ambient air quality and additional health risks, and can also help distinguish petrogenic-influenced sources from other sources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Raab, Christiane, and Manfred N. Partl. "Laboratory Evaluation and Construction of Fully Recycled Low-Temperature Asphalt for Low-Volume Roads." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (March 25, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4904056.

Full text

Abstract:

Growing economy and increasing pollution evoke the need for more environmentally friendly road construction techniques and the saving of natural resources. In this context, cold recycling plays an important role since, on the one hand, it allows to reduce CO2 emissions drastically and, on the other hand, it offers a variety of opportunities for high percentages of recycling. Inspired by experience in Sweden, the international project “Optimal Recycling of Reclaimed Asphalts for low-traffic Pavement” (ORRAP) for low-volume roads in the Upper Rhine region aims to develop and establish a new strategy for 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) at ambient temperature (20°C) without adding virgin bituminous binders or rejuvenators. The still ongoing research project involves laboratory experiments as well as in situ test sections. The link between small-scale laboratory experiments and in situ testing is provided by medium-scale traffic simulation in the laboratory. This paper describes results from medium-scale compaction in the laboratory using different methods as well as traffic simulation with a medium-scale mobile traffic load simulator. The results show that compaction in the laboratory at ambient temperature (20°) is very difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, it was found that compaction at a temperature of 60°C appears possible and provides promising results regarding stability and rutting enabling the in situ construction. The in situ pavement construction at ambient temperature on a low-volume road in Switzerland resulted in a visibly well-compacted and stable base course which was covered by a hot mix asphalt surface course the day after. The test section will be monitored closely over the next 12 months.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Khanna, D. R., N. S. Nigam, and R. Bhutiani. "Monitoring of ambient air quality in relation to traffic density in Bareilly City (U.P.), India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i2.359.

Full text

Abstract:

An ambient air quality study was undertaken in Bareilly city, U.P., India during the year 2010 and 2011. The seasonal air quality data was obtained from ten monitoring sites across the city considering sampling site of Cantt as control site. The maximum (713.06±55.64 µg/m3) suspended particulate matter (SPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2) (80.08±4.77 µg/m3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (64.98±3.53 µg/m3) level was found at Choupla during the winter 2011. Among the annual mean values of air pollutants were analyzed, SPM level was found to be above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (200 µg/m3) at all the polluted sites. SO2 and NOx levels were below the threshold limits (80 µg/m3) as per NAAQS. The ambient air quality was correlated with the traffic density in the city. The pollution level was observed to be positively correlated with traffic density which is the major source of air pollution in the city. The ambient air quality at different monitoring sites was categorized into different pollution level on the basis of Oak ridge air quality index (ORAQI). Light to moderate air pollution conditions were present at different sites. Sampling site of Choupla (SVII) observe maximum ORAQI of 64.48 and 70.81 and falls under category of moderate pollution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Eastcott, Emma, Julie M. Kern, Amy Morris-Drake, and Andrew N. Radford. "Intrapopulation variation in the behavioral responses of dwarf mongooses to anthropogenic noise." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 3 (February 22, 2020): 680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Anthropogenic noise is an increasingly widespread pollutant, with a rapidly burgeoning literature demonstrating impacts on humans and other animals. However, most studies have simply considered if there is an effect of noise, examining the overall cohort response. Although substantial evidence exists for intraspecific variation in responses to other anthropogenic disturbances, this possibility has received relatively little experimental attention with respect to noise. Here, we used field-based playbacks with dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) to test how traffic noise affects vigilance behavior and to examine potential variation between individuals of different age class, sex, and dominance status. Foragers exhibited a stronger immediate reaction and increased their subsequent vigilance (both that on the ground and as a sentinel) in response to traffic-noise playback compared with ambient-sound playback. Traffic-noise playback also resulted in sentinels conducting longer bouts and being more likely to change post height or location than in ambient-sound playback. Moreover, there was evidence of variation in noise responses with respect to age class and dominance status but not sex. In traffic noise, foraging pups were more likely to flee and were slower to resume foraging than adults; they also tended to increase their vigilance more than adults. Dominants were more likely than subordinates to move post during sentinel bouts conducted in traffic-noise trials. Our findings suggest that the vigilance–foraging trade-off is affected by traffic noise but that individuals differ in how they respond. Future work should, therefore, consider intrapopulation response variation to understand fully the population-wide effects of this global pollutant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kahr, Maike K., Melissa A. Suter, Jerasimos Ballas, Ryan Ramphul, Graciela Lubertino, Winifred J. Hamilton, and Kjersti M. Aagaard. "Preterm birth and its associations with residence and ambient vehicular traffic exposure." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 215, no. 1 (July 2016): 111.e1–111.e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.171.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wu, Yu-Ta, and Kuei-Yuan Chan. "Optimal design and impact analysis of urban traffic regulations under ambient uncertainty." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25, no. 2 (August 5, 2010): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-010-0430-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Riener, Andreas, Matthew Fullerton, Christian Maag, Christian Mark, Cristina Beltran Ruiz, Juan Jesus Minguez Rubio, and Kashif Zia. "Modular Simulation-Based Physical and Emotional Assessment of Ambient Intelligence in Traffic." IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 44, no. 2 (April 2014): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2302389.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Skrabe, Emerson Strack, Paulo Guilherme Carniel Wagner, and Walter Nisa Castro Neto. "A percepção ambiental de professores do ensino fundamental sobre o tráfico e a proteção à fauna em três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Ambiente & Educação 25, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 694–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/ambeduc.v25i2.8660.

Full text

Abstract:

O Projeto Liberdade e Saúde, pioneiro no Brasil, que utiliza a educação ambiental como ferramenta de combate ao tráfico de animais silvestres é desenvolvido pelo IBAMA (PI) e IBAMA (RS). Este trabalha na formação de professores e alunos do ensino fundamental sobre a problemática do tráfico, suas modalidades, consequências, a legislação brasileira e o risco das zoonoses associadas. Verificou-se o que os professores compreendem sobre o tema, através de um questionário semi-estruturado de percepção ambiental aplicado aos professores de Guaíba, Porto Alegre e São Sebastião do Caí (RS). Analisou-se por estatística descritiva não paramétrica, a fim de estimar a frequência, as relações entre as respostas dos professores das distintas cidades. Participaram 149 professores e, destes, 146 reconheceram que o tráfico de animais silvestres é danoso ao ambiente. As características locais apareceram em algumas questões, representando assim os contextos de onde estão inseridas de maior e menor proximidade com o ambiente natural e com menos ou mais sinais de antropização. The environmental perception about the wildlife traffic and wildlife protection in three cities in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil The Liberty and Health project, developed by IBAMA (PI) and IBAMA (RS), is one of pioneer projects that use environmental education to elementary teachers and students, to prevent the wildlife trafficking in Brazil. It trains teachers and students for elementary schools about this issue, its forms, consequences, Brazilian laws and the risk about the zoonoses in this practice. For verify the comprehension of this public about this theme, applied a semi-strcutured questionnaire of environmental perception in the Guaíba, Porto Alegre and São Sebastião do Caí cities. The data was analyzed with non-parametric descriptive statistical analysis to estimate the frequencies about answers and cities, considered significant ( < 0,05). The most important answer with 149 teachers was the recognition about the damages of the wildlife trafficking. The local difference was seen in some questions, demonstrate the contexts of the proximity with the urbanization. This work demonstrate the necessity of constant formation of the teachers and public agents about the wildlife trafficking. Keywords: Environmental perception. Animal trafficking. Biodiversity. Wildlife. Environmental education. Elementary school.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lee, Chin Hyung, Young Jun You, Ki Tae Park, Bong Chul Joo, Bo Mi Lee, and Tae Heon Kim. "Safety Assessment of Bridge Structures Using Ambient Vibration." Advances in Science and Technology 83 (September 2012): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.83.151.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, relative load-carrying capacity (RLC) evaluation system in which the change of load-carrying capacity of a bridge structure can be estimated through the variation of the dynamic property, which is induced by the stiffness change due to the deterioration of the bridge, by using ambient traffic-induced vibration was proposed. The system uses the natural excitation technique in conjunction with the eigensystem realization algorithm for identification of modal parameters. Indoor test using a truss-typed model bridge and field measurement were performed to verify the suggested system and it was shown that the RLC estimation system is suitable for the safety assessment of bridge structures in a simple and efficient manner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Li, Ning, Jack R. Harkema, Ryan P. Lewandowski, Meiying Wang, Lori A. Bramble, Glenn R. Gookin, Zhi Ning, Michael T. Kleinman, Constantinos Sioutas, and Andre E. Nel. "Ambient ultrafine particles provide a strong adjuvant effect in the secondary immune response: implication for traffic-related asthma flares." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 299, no. 3 (September 2010): L374—L383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00115.2010.

Full text

Abstract:

We have previously demonstrated that intranasal administration of ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) acts as an adjuvant for primary allergic sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in Balb/c mice. It is important to find out whether inhaled UFP exert the same effect on the secondary immune response as a way of explaining asthma flares in already-sensitized individuals due to traffic exposure near a freeway. The objective of this study is to determine whether inhalation exposure to ambient UFP near an urban freeway could enhance the secondary immune response to OVA in already-sensitized mice. Prior OVA-sensitized animals were exposed to concentrated ambient UFP at the time of secondary OVA challenge in our mobile animal laboratory in Los Angeles. OVA-specific antibody production, airway morphometry, allergic airway inflammation, cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress marker were assessed. As few as five ambient UFP exposures were sufficient to promote the OVA recall immune response, including generating allergic airway inflammation in smaller and more distal airways compared with the adjuvant effect of intranasally instilled UFP on the primary immune response. The secondary immune response was characterized by the T helper 2 and IL-17 cytokine gene expression in the lung. In summary, our results demonstrated that inhalation of prooxidative ambient UFP could effectively boost the secondary immune response to an experimental allergen, indicating that vehicular traffic exposure could exacerbate allergic inflammation in already-sensitized subjects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sowlat, Mohammad Hossein, Sina Hasheminassab, and Constantinos Sioutas. "Source apportionment of ambient particle number concentrations in central Los Angeles using positive matrix factorization (PMF)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 8 (April 20, 2016): 4849–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4849-2016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In this study, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model (version 5.0) was used to identify and quantify major sources contributing to particulate matter (PM) number concentrations, using PM number size distributions in the range of 13 nm to 10 µm combined with several auxiliary variables, including black carbon (BC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), PM mass concentrations, gaseous pollutants, meteorological, and traffic counts data, collected for about 9 months between August 2014 and 2015 in central Los Angeles, CA. Several parameters, including particle number and volume size distribution profiles, profiles of auxiliary variables, contributions of different factors in different seasons to the total number concentrations, diurnal variations of each of the resolved factors in the cold and warm phases, weekday/weekend analysis for each of the resolved factors, and correlation between auxiliary variables and the relative contribution of each of the resolved factors, were used to identify PM sources. A six-factor solution was identified as the optimum for the aforementioned input data. The resolved factors comprised nucleation, traffic 1, traffic 2 (with a larger mode diameter than traffic 1 factor), urban background aerosol, secondary aerosol, and soil/road dust. Traffic sources (1 and 2) were the major contributor to PM number concentrations, collectively making up to above 60 % (60.8–68.4 %) of the total number concentrations during the study period. Their contribution was also significantly higher in the cold phase compared to the warm phase. Nucleation was another major factor significantly contributing to the total number concentrations (an overall contribution of 17 %, ranging from 11.7 to 24 %), with a larger contribution during the warm phase than in the cold phase. The other identified factors were urban background aerosol, secondary aerosol, and soil/road dust, with relative contributions of approximately 12 % (7.4–17.1), 2.1 % (1.5–2.5 %), and 1.1 % (0.2–6.3 %), respectively, overall accounting for about 15 % (15.2–19.8 %) of PM number concentrations. As expected, PM number concentrations were dominated by factors with smaller mode diameters, such as traffic and nucleation. On the other hand, PM volume and mass concentrations in the study area were mostly affected by sources with larger mode diameters, including secondary aerosols and soil/road dust. Results from the present study can be used as input parameters in future epidemiological studies to link PM sources to adverse health effects as well as by policymakers to set targeted and more protective emission standards for PM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'TRAFFICO E AMBIENTE'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles