Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic surveys Computer programs'
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Hussin, Masnida, and Nor Hanis Mohd Fouzi. "Computer Games as Learning Tool towards Children Road Safety Education." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (October 7, 2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.22995.
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Road safety awareness is one of the many awareness programs that are often highlighted and discussed around the world. The road accident statistics are increased due to the lack of exposure and awareness among communities about traffic environments and rules. Children are one of the most vulnerable populations involved in traffic accidents. The children are unable to familiarize themselves with the surroundings, especially when crossing the road. This research attempts to improve road-safety awareness among children by using computer games as a learning tool. Specifically, it determines the progress of knowledge on the road rules and conditions after the children using the tool. The computer online game is suitable methods to use for teaching them on road safety due to interactive application always intimate the children. Besides the survey questions that related to road traffic rules, we also measures the attitude towards road safety in the participant (i.e., children and adult). Descriptive analysis in frequency, mean, and percentage are used to describe the respondent’s information. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to analyze the findings. The overall findings show that all respondents have positive feedback on online games as a road safety tool. Interestingly, the significant output shows on the different knowledge about road safety when the children are analyzed for before and after they played the games. The future research is suggested to study the other group of participant as the respondent in this work is limited to the primary school children. It can be improved by involving the large sample size and wider location.
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Marshall, Byron, Michael Curry, Robert E. Crossler, and John Correia. "Machine Learning and Survey-based Predictors of InfoSec Non-Compliance." ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3466689.
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Survey items developed in behavioral Information Security (InfoSec) research should be practically useful in identifying individuals who are likely to create risk by failing to comply with InfoSec guidance. The literature shows that attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions drive compliance behavior and has influenced the creation of a multitude of training programs focused on improving ones’ InfoSec behaviors. While automated controls and directly observable technical indicators are generally preferred by InfoSec practitioners, difficult-to-monitor user actions can still compromise the effectiveness of automatic controls. For example, despite prohibition, doubtful or skeptical employees often increase organizational risk by using the same password to authenticate corporate and external services. Analysis of network traffic or device configurations is unlikely to provide evidence of these vulnerabilities but responses to well-designed surveys might. Guided by the relatively new IPAM model, this study administered 96 survey items from the Behavioral InfoSec literature, across three separate points in time, to 217 respondents. Using systematic feature selection techniques, manageable subsets of 29, 20, and 15 items were identified and tested as predictors of non-compliance with security policy. The feature selection process validates IPAM's innovation in using nuanced self-efficacy and planning items across multiple time frames. Prediction models were trained using several ML algorithms. Practically useful levels of prediction accuracy were achieved with, for example, ensemble tree models identifying 69% of the riskiest individuals within the top 25% of the sample. The findings indicate the usefulness of psychometric items from the behavioral InfoSec in guiding training programs and other cybersecurity control activities and demonstrate that they are promising as additional inputs to AI models that monitor networks for security events.
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Levterov, Andrii, and Larisa Kozachok. "Analysis and modeling of developing passenger traffic on public transport routes of urban transport systems." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 98 (November 29, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2022.98.0.19.
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Problem. To solve the problems of rational organization of work of urban passenger transport on the routes and determine the modes of vehicles work and labor of drivers of motor transport enterprises when carrying out transportation of the city population. It is necessary to know all the input conditions for creating traffic schedules on the route. One of the main parameters is the existing traffic volumes on a certain public transport route. In order to improve the management of transportation on the routes of urban passenger transport, various approaches to their survey were considered, the problem of studying traffic volumes for further drawing up traffic schedules was identified. In this article, the task was to analyze the work of a separate route and passenger traffic on it. Goal. The goal is studying passenger traffic on a separate public transport route, studying the regularities of traffic volumes and their dependence on operating time. Methodology. When fulfilling the task, the procedure by which the input data is processed is given. Having examined the known methods and principles of applying certain groups of methods to solve various types of problems, to solve the problem of organizing work on the route, namely, to distribute changes in the operation of vehicles for the transportation of passengers, we opted for a readable tabular method of examining passenger traffic. Thus, an incoming sequence of values was obtained, which we presented as time series levels. An analysis of incoming time series was carried out, their modeling using an adaptive algorithmic method. Results. A method of using computer mathematics systems for modeling and predicting input time series was developed, during which the solution process was programmed and the results of adaptive algorithmic modeling of passenger traffic dependencies on time were obtained, which can be used to build schedules for the movement of vehicles during passenger transportation by public transport. Originality. Passenger traffic on a separate route was investigated, the methodology of this study was presented, all components of the time series were taken into account and modeled. The graphic representation was provided. This article has developed programs for performing modeling and forecasting using adaptive algorithmic models. Practical value. This provides an opportunity to investigate the passenger traffic of any passenger transport route, carrying out transportation, sequences of volume whose values have similar components of the time series. The result of these studies is building a model and obtaining forecast values, which plays a large role in management of road passenger transport.
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Kerwin, Donald, and Daniela Alulema. "The CRISIS Survey: The Catholic Church's Work with Immigrants in a Period of Crisis." Journal on Migration and Human Security 9, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024211035726.
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Over the last five years, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) has conducted four surveys of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions, programs, and ministries in the United States. These surveys identify the multi-faceted needs of immigrants and refugees, and examine the successes and challenges of Catholic institutions in responding to them. CMS administered its most recent survey, the Catholic Refugee and Immigrant Service Integration Survey (the “CRISIS Survey”) from December 14, 2020 through February 5, 2021. This survey explored the work of Catholic institutions during the Trump administration and the COVID-19 pandemic. The CRISIS Survey documents the reach, diversity, and productivity of Catholic institutions that worked with immigrants and refugees during a pandemic that particularly devastated their communities and an administration whose policies and rhetoric made their work far more difficult. At a time of rampant “Catholic decline” narratives, the survey also documents the reach, vitality, and relevance of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions. It identifies the obstacles encountered by immigrants in accessing Catholic programs and ministries — both organizational (funding, staffing, and siting) and exogenous (federal policies, the pandemic, and community opposition). It underscores the threat posed by US immigration policies to immigrants and to the work of Catholic institutions. Survey respondents reported that they offered new services during this period, such as: Financial assistance for families, particularly those at risk of losing housing or utilities. COVID-19 testing, education, contact tracing, and quarantine services. Mental health services. Grief support and assistance with funeral expenses. Delivery of food and sanitation supplies for infected and other homebound persons. Voter registration and Census promotion activities. Virtually all respondents provided services remotely during the pandemic. Many reported on difficulties faced by immigrants in accessing their services, due to poor internet connections, limited computer access, and lack of communications technology and training. Respondents identified several factors that negatively affected immigrants’ access to their services pre-pandemic. As in previous CMS surveys, these factors included lack of immigration status, negative community attitudes toward immigrants, fear of apprehension (particularly after traffic stops) and deportation, public transportation deficiencies, stigma over receipt of mental health services, and identification requirements to access public benefits. Respondents also reported on obstacles in working with immigrants during the pandemic. These included the pandemic itself, limited funding, demand that outpaced resources, government restrictions on relief and benefit eligibility, and (particularly for students) living arrangements, work, and family caretaking responsibilities. Respondents overwhelmingly believed that immigration enforcement, tied to fear of deportation, very negatively or somewhat negatively affected participation in their services and programs. In Catholic terms, they reported that nativist immigration policies, rhetoric, and media sources interfered with their practice of discipleship. One respondent stated, “Fear of ICE and round-ups, locally in our state and nationally, along with negative immigration rhetoric from the out-going president have made our clients very fearful to access services they rightly qualify for.” A healthcare provider reported that immigrants were “avoiding or delaying seeking treatment for COVID-19 for fear of apprehension and/or deportation.” Many said that enforcement partnerships between Immigration and Customs Enforcement and states and localities made immigrants fearful of reporting crimes or accessing government facilities. One said that potential sponsors feared coming forward to reunify with children. Respondents also cited as problems delays in family reunification, barriers to asylum-seekers entering the United States, decreased refugee admissions, and the Trump administration's rule on the public charge ground of inadmissibility. The report recommends that Catholic institutions take stock of the creative new programs, skills and capacities that they have developed during the pandemic and build on them. It also recommends that scholars and researchers prioritize independent, person-centered research that critically analyzes the work of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions. Such research would ask whether these institutions, in the words of Pope Francis, are putting “the person at the center, in his or her many aspects” and honoring the “fundamental equality” of every person. It would draw on the perspectives of immigrants served by Catholic institutions to examine the degree to which these institutions advance the rights, participation, and wellbeing of immigrants and their families in US society. Finally, it would analyze how Catholic institutions work with each other — within Arch/dioceses, regionally, nationally, and across these realms — in response to the cross-cutting needs of immigrants. The report recommends that Catholic institutions develop programmatic plans to ensure that immigrants can return to or can continue to access their programs and ministries as the pandemic subsides. These plans will need to combine communication strategies, financial support, and services such as transportation and childcare. In addition, Catholic institutions should make it a high priority to ensure that immigrants can access the infrastructure, platforms, and training that will allow them to access virtual services. They should also develop strategies to engage Catholics who do not understand, who ignore, or who work at cross-purposes to Catholic teaching and policy positions in this area. Finally, they should redouble their work with the administration and Congress to reform US immigration laws, and with states and localities to promote welcoming and inclusive communities.
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Aghabayk, Kayvan, Sina Rejali, Seyed Alireza Samerei, and Nirajan Shiwakoti. "Evaluating Safety Issues for Taxi Transport Management." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (February 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6638640.
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Taxi drivers face many problems every day including safety issues. The tendency to quickly transport passengers to their destinations for more income has resulted in dangerous driving behaviors leading to traffic violations. So, taxi drivers need appropriate support and training programs to improve safety and reduce the risk of crashes. Implementing different support and safety training programs requires an effective management system. There is a dearth of research on the safety issues of taxis from the perspective of taxi organization managers. This study aims to evaluate the safety issues of taxi transport management through a case study of the Tehran Taxi Organization. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 22 regional managers and 20 transportation specialists of the Tehran Taxi Organization. Issues related to taxi drivers, roads and road users, vehicles, and management systems were evaluated in the questionnaire. Participants determined the relevance level and priority ranking of each question. The level of agreement was then tested using the Kendall concordance test. According to the results, the use of GPS was selected as the best in-vehicle monitoring system that can be used to evaluate drivers in the fleet. Participants believed that passengers’ loading and unloading had the most risk for taxi users. The start-inhibit technology to detect open doors was unanimously evaluated as an efficient technology for taxi safety. With respect to educating taxi users, starting education in schools had the most relevance and priority. Recommendations for increasing the safety of taxis include the use of GPS in taxis to monitor and evaluate drivers, receiving crash reports from police and submitting monthly safety assessment reports, flexibility in drivers’ working hours’ schedule, providing training on drivers fatigue management, and evaluating drivers’ health.
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Popov, Evgeny, Ivan Kokh, and Konstantin Semyachkov. "Digitalization of Social Infrastructure in the Smart City Development Strategy." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2022.10.3.9199.
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Digitalization of the social infrastructure of cities is becoming increasingly important in the strategy of city development and improving the efficiency of municipal management. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of digitalization of social infrastructure as part of the implementation of the smart city development strategy on the example of Yekaterinburg. It is determined that digital technologies have become an integral attribute of the lifestyle of the population. The population actively uses the Internet and mobile communication capabilities. The Internet is especially actively used to search for information, as well as communication, personal and business contacts. The Internet is actively replacing television and radio as sources of information. The reasons that reduce the digitalization of the urban environment are highlighted. A considerable number of respondents indicated the low level of communication between the local population and municipal authorities during the mass survey. The reasons for the weak formation of a digital society are also noted: low level of digital competencies, insufficient provision of computer equipment, lack of automated research systems, lack of affordable high-speed Internet. The directions of improving the social practice of smart city development are determined. In the field of improving the Internet, it is necessary to increase the speed of data transmission, ensure stability of operation, and improve information sites. In the field of education, it is proposed to provide educational institutions with the necessary equipment and appropriate programs, to replace outdated computers in educational institutions. In the field of healthcare, the achievements have been highly appreciated, but a wish has been expressed to simplify online registration in hospitals. Internet services, online payments, e-mail, delivery, and other services were highly appreciated. In general, transport services were also positively evaluated, but wishes were expressed to improve the organization of public transport, observe the traffic schedule, and use digital technologies at bus stations. Residents propose to upgrade bus shelters throughout the city, install more “smart stops”, introduce taxi drones.
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Rudall, B. H. "Reports & Surveys." Robotica 22, no. 3 (May 20, 2004): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574704000074.
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It is reported by the British Aerospace (BAE Systems) that their researchers have developed a revolutionary airborne computer system that, they claim, can land aircraft safely without the need of human air traffic controllers. The new system will allow a pilot to determine an aircraft's landing by pressing a button in the cockpit to initiate the computer system.
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Camara, Marcus Vinicius Oliveira, and Glaydston Mattos Ribeiro. "The support unit location problem to road traffic surveys with multi-stages." RAIRO - Operations Research 53, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 1109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2017084.
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Large countries with extensive road networks, such as Brazil, require large volumes of financial resources to perform traffic surveys. In Brazil, the biggest road traffic survey was performed in 2011 with 120 counting survey stations. This survey was divided into three stages and 83 support units provided survey teams. A support unit is a place, such as a military organization, close to the survey stations. A stage indicates that only some survey stations must be considered at a time. In large scale traffic surveys with multi-stages, we must define which support unit will serve each survey station so that travel costs for the survey teams and the costs to use the support units are minimized. We present the Support Unit Location Problem to Assist Road Traffic Survey with Multi-Stages where, given a set of available support units, each one with a coverage area, and a set of multi-stage traffic survey stations, we must select units to serve stations so that the cost is minimized. Scenarios are evaluated for a real traffic survey with 300 counting stations and four stages in Brazil. Computational experiments show that large cost reductions can be found when a mathematical model is used.
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Safronov, K. E., and E. A. Safronov. "TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE OMSK AGGLOMERATION: EVALUATION OF THE COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-6-692-705.
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Introduction. On the basis of the priority project “Safe and High-quality Roads”, the researches develop and implement the programs of the transport infrastructure integrated development – highways and municipal roads, bringing the urban agglomeration network into a standard transport and operational state, eliminating the congestion of the urban agglomerations’ network, optimizing traffic flows, increasing efficiency traffic management systems. The paper assesses the options’ effectiveness of the transport infrastructure development in the Omsk region until 2041.Materials and methods. The authors used analysis methods of existing regulatory, legal, program documents; of carrying out and analyzing the results of traffic intensity surveys at key nodes by means of transport; of conducting and analyzing the results of pedestrian traffic surveys at key points; analyzing the existing traffic conditions obtained from the results of the development of the transport macro model of the Omsk agglomeration in the PTV Vision VISUM software; of analyzing causes and conditions of accidents; of analyzing statistical data on freight turnover and passenger traffic in the Omsk agglomeration.Results. The paper presented the research results on the Omsk agglomeration’s example. The results formed the programs’ basis for the integrated development of the transport infrastructure of Omsk and eight districts of the Omsk agglomeration. Moreover, the authors presented the literature review and took into account the achievements of foreign science.Discussion and conclusions. The authors emphasize that it is necessary to improve the methods of obtaining data used in the formation of the transport model and to improve the performance of the transport i modern cities’ infrastructure.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
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Kang, Mi-Seon, Pyong-Kun Kim, Kil-Taek Lim, and You-Ze Cho. "Method for Obtaining Better Traffic Survey Data." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070833.
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Road traffic surveys determine the number and type of vehicles passing by a specific point over a certain period of time. The manual estimation of the number and type of vehicles from images captured by a camera is the most commonly used method. However, this method has the disadvantage of requiring high amounts of manpower and cost. Recently, methods of automating traffic volume surveys using sensors or deep learning have been widely attempted, but there is the disadvantage that a person must finally manually verify the data in order to ensure that they are reliable. In order to address these shortcomings, we propose a method for efficiently conducting road traffic volume surveys and obtaining highly reliable data. The proposed method detects vehicles on the road from CCTV (Closed-circuit television) images and classifies vehicle types using deep learning or a similar method. After that, it automatically informs the user of candidates with a high probability of error and provides a method for efficient verification. The performance of the proposed method was tested using a data set collected by an actual road traffic survey company. As a result, we proved that our method shows better accuracy than the previous method. The proposed method can reduce the labor and cost in road traffic volume surveys, and increase the reliability of the data due to more accurate results.
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Friedrich, Markus, Peter Mott, and Klaus Noekel. "Keeping Passenger Surveys Up to Date: A Fuzzy Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1735, no. 1 (January 2000): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1735-05.
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The knowledge of travel demand is an essential prerequisite for analyzing and planning transport supply. Obtaining travel-demand data for a transit system requires passenger surveys that combine counts and interviews. Passenger surveys have two unpleasant characteristics: they are expensive, and the results of such studies tend to lose their validity fairly rapidly. For these reasons, the development of techniques that reduce survey costs and keep demand matrices up to date is gaining increasing interest. Details of a technique for computer-aided processing of passenger surveys are given, and a method for continuous updating of demand matrices is presented. Because traffic surveys represent only a snapshot situation, the proposed updating method employs a fuzzy approach to consider that traffic volumes vary within a certain bandwidth.
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Solomon, Scott, Hang Nguyen, Jay Liebowitz, and William Agresti. "Using data mining to improve traffic safety programs." Industrial Management & Data Systems 106, no. 5 (June 2006): 621–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635570610666412.
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Chebykin, I. A. "Automating Road Traffic Monitoring Using Computer Vision." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 6 (July 30, 2021): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-6-74-87.
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The objective of the article is to describe application of computer vision and artificial intelligence technologies for solving the problems of road infrastructure design.The article evaluates the traditional methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of traffic flows in terms of labour intensity and accuracy using the method of comparative analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods are indicated. A new method of traffic flow analysis using unmanned aerial vehicles and computer vision technology based on convolutional neural networks is proposed. The considered method makes it possible to fully automate collection and analysis of data on traffic flows. The article describes the first application of the proposed method when performing transport and economic surveys within the framework of the design of «Northern bypass of the city of Perm». The advantages of the applied method in relation to the traditional ones are described. To implement this project, software was developed for analysing traffic flows using video materials.Further, traffic monitoring is considered, its goals and objectives are described, the necessary functionality of the road traffic monitoring automation system is indicated, the traffic parameters that it should determine are listed. The methodology for implementation of an automated traffic monitoring system based on video materials on a section of the road is considered.A presented project of a traffic monitoring system makes it possible to extend the previously considered approach to the entire road network. Technologies are described that make it possible to implement this system based on video analytics of materials from CCTV cameras. A method for vehicle re-identification is proposed, and the implementation of this method is demonstrated. The method allows building a correspondence matrix of vehicles recorded by CCTV cameras located on different segments of the road network, as well as determining all traffic parameters for the entire street and road network.The conclusions outline the prospects for development of the developed software in terms of application in intelligent transport systems.
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Segredo, Eduardo, Gabriel Luque, Carlos Segura, and Enrique Alba. "Optimising Real-World Traffic Cycle Programs by Using Evolutionary Computation." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 43915–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2908562.
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Wissinger, Leanne M., Joseph E. Hummer, and Joseph S. Milazzo. "Using Focus Groups to Investigate Issues of Red Light Running." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-06.
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Red light running (RLR) has been an important issue among transportation officials seeking to make intersections safer for drivers and pedestrians. Many cities in the United States have started programs aimed at reducing the number of red light violations, and many of these programs include the use of automated enforcement utilizing a camera to record violations. Previous research on such enforcement has quantified the rate of its public acceptance through surveys; however, little research has been performed probing the reactions and concerns of the public toward red light cameras. For this study, focus groups were used to investigate the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the public toward RLR and red light cameras. Fifteen focus groups were held throughout North Carolina with representatives from organizations interested in and knowledgeable about traffic safety, traffic engineering, and traffic law enforcement, as well as with people not professionally involved in law enforcement or traffic engineering. Some of the focus group discussions involved such issues as determining an appropriate RLR grace period, developing an educational campaign, addressing financial issues, and determining appropriate penalties for RLR violations. Participants voiced their opinions on both sides of the issues; for instance, many participants said they strongly believed there should be some sort of grace period with automated enforcement, whereas others said they felt a zero-tolerance policy should be used. Also, many participants voiced their unequivocal support for automated enforcement, whereas others expressed concerns.
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Susungi, Adilla, and Claude Tadonki. "Intermediate Representations for Explicitly Parallel Programs." ACM Computing Surveys 54, no. 5 (June 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3452299.
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While compilers generally support parallel programming languages and APIs, their internal program representations are mostly designed from the sequential programs standpoint (exceptions include source-to-source parallel compilers, for instance). This makes the integration of compilation techniques dedicated to parallel programs more challenging. In addition, parallelism has various levels and different targets, each of them with specific characteristics and constraints. With the advent of multi-core processors and general purpose accelerators, parallel computing is now a common and pervasive consideration. Thus, software support to parallel programming activities is essential to make this technical transition more realistic and beneficial. The case of compilers is fundamental as they deal with (parallel) programs at a structural level, thus the need for intermediate representations. This article surveys and discusses attempts to provide intermediate representations for the proper support of explicitly parallel programs. We highlight the gap between available contributions and their concrete implementation in compilers and then exhibit possible future research directions.
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Li, Shuo, Tommy Nantung, and Yi Jiang. "Assessing Issues, Technologies, and Data Needs to Meet Traffic Input Requirements by Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1917, no. 1 (January 2005): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191700116.
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As part of the implementation initiatives undertaken by the Indiana Department of Transportation Research Division, this paper presents the effort made to identify potential issues arising from traffic data processing and to assess technologies and data needs to meet the requirements of traffic design inputs in the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) and geographical information system (GIS) technologies were proposed to manage weigh-in-motion (WIM) and automatic vehicle classification site information and manipulate the traffic design input database. Computer programs were developed to process the raw data ASCII files generated from a WIM vendor's software. A platform was developed to combine GPS coordinates, GIS base maps, data processing programs, and the traffic database into an integral unit. Three WIM sites were selected for trial study. It was demonstrated that, with this platform, the WIM sites and database can be accessed visually and more efficiently. In addition, the computer programs can save significant data processing time. Other issues, such as the possible effect of unclassified vehicle count, were identified. On the basis of findings from the implementation initiatives, necessary efforts and future implementation activities are outlined.
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Getschmann, Christopher, and Florian Echtler. "DesPat: Smartphone-Based Object Detection for Citizen Science and Urban Surveys." i-com 20, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2021-0012.
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Abstract Data acquisition is a central task in research and one of the largest opportunities for citizen science. Especially in urban surveys investigating traffic and people flows, extensive manual labor is required, occasionally augmented by smartphones. We present DesPat, an app designed to turn a wide range of low-cost Android phones into a privacy-respecting camera-based pedestrian tracking tool to automatize data collection. This data can then be used to analyze pedestrian traffic patterns in general, and identify crowd hotspots and bottlenecks, which are particularly relevant in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. All image analysis is done locally on the device through a convolutional neural network, thereby avoiding any privacy concerns or legal issues regarding video surveillance. We show example heatmap visualizations from deployments of our prototype in urban areas and compare performance data for a variety of phones to discuss suitability of on-device object detection for our usecase of pedestrian data collection.
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Maksimenko, L. A., O. A. Korobova, and I. M. Makarikhina. "Preparation of tests and surveys based on instrumental test programs." Actual Problems of Education, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-8031-2022-1-221-227.
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The article discusses the varieties of instrumental test shells, provides an overview of the most common testing systems. The classification of systems according to the most significant areas of application is carried out, for which are highlighted: educational activities and the activities of personnel assessment companies. A study was conducted on the preparation of pedagogical measuring materials in order to acquire the necessary practical skills of trainees to create tests in the subject area on the basis of instrumental shell programs that allow creating computer tests by forming a database from a set of test tasks.
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Li, Hongyi, and Xinrui Che. "DRL-Based Edge Computing Model to Offload the FIFA World Cup Traffic." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8825643.
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In recent years, the volume of global video traffic has been increasing rapidly and it is considerably significant to offload the traffic during the process of video transmission and improve the experience of users. In this paper, we propose a novel traffic offloading strategy to provide a feasible and efficient reference for the following 2022 FIFA World Cup held in Qatar. At first, we present the system framework based on the Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) paradigm, which supports transferring the FIFA World Cup traffic to the mobile edge servers. Then, the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is used to provide the traffic scheduling method and minimize the scheduling time of application programs. Meanwhile, the task scheduling operation is regarded as the process of Markov decision, and the proximal policy optimization method is used to train the Deep Neural Network in the DRL. For the proposed traffic offloading strategy, we do the simulation based on two real datasets, and the experimental results show that it has smaller scheduling time, higher bandwidth utilization, and better experience of user than two baselines.
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Gao, Ge, Zhen Wang, Xinmin Liu, Qing Li, Wei Wang, and Junyou Zhang. "Travel Behavior Analysis Using 2016 Qingdao’s Household Traffic Surveys and Baidu Electric Map API Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (March 11, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6383097.
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Household traffic surveys are widely used in travel behavior analysis, especially in travel time and distance analysis. Unfortunately, any one kind of household traffic surveys has its own problems. Even all household traffic survey data is accurate, it is difficult to get the trip routes information. To our delight, electric map API (e.g., Google Maps, Apple Maps, Baidu Maps, and Auto Navi Maps) could provide the trip route and time information, which remedies the traditional traffic survey’s defect. Thus, we can take advantage of the two kinds of data and integrate them into travel behavior analysis. In order to test the validity of the Baidu electric map API data, a field study on 300 taxi OD pairs is carried out. According to statistical analysis, the average matching rate of total OD pairs is 90.74%, which reflects high accuracy of electric map API data. Based on the fused data of household traffic survey and electric map API, travel behavior on trip time and distance is analyzed. Results show that most purposes’ trip distances distributions are concentrated, which are no more than 10 kilometers. It is worth noting that students have the shortest travel distance and company business’s travel distance distribution is dispersed, which has the longest travel distance. Compared to travel distance, the standard deviations of all purposes’ travel time are greater than the travel distance. Car users have longer travel distance than bus travelers, and their average travel distance is 8.58km.
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Dubina, V. A., I. O. Katin, V. A. Nesterenko, V. V. Plotnikov, I. A. Kruglik, M. K. Dabizha, and I. N. Chernomyrdina. "Estimation of fishing traffic in the Sea of Japan according to VIIRS radiometer night surveys." Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 16, no. 1 (2019): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-1-239-242.
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Gedrimas, Giedrius, and Artūras Sabaliauskas. "Strength Analysis of Traffic Sign Frame." Jaunųjų mokslininkų darbai 51, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/jmd.2021.8.
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Traffic sign frame has to be safe, reliable, and withstand the loads to which it can be exposed during exploitation. This type of product strength is determined by the calculations and tests, which are described in the standards. Prior to the production of a prototype, it is useful to perform strength analysis, using analytical or numerical methods. The article presents the analysis of the existing frame lightening and the strength of lightened frames, using computer-aided design and analysis programs. The analysis showed that the model of this type of product can be lightened, but not all frames can withstand the loads.The paper has been prepared on the basis of G. Gedrimas’ Master Thesis.
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Kuren, Sergey, Galina Galchenko, Sergey Popov, Julianna Marchenko, Nikolai Dontsov, and Dmitriy Drozdov. "Optimization of transport routes based on environmental indicators." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021009005.
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Air pollution monitoring in Rostov-on-Don and Rostov region is considered. The excess of the concentration of suspended solids over the national average is shown, especially near motorways and the busiest intersections. On the example of one intersection, field observations were carried out, and based on the developed computer programs, calculation of the main transport characteristics, the vehicle queue length at different phases of traffic light switching was carried out. The necessity of installing a "smart" (adaptive) traffic light is shown. The developed software products can be used to improve the organization of traffic flows and as a computer laboratory when teaching students in the specialty "Organization of transport processes".
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Sokolovskij, Edgar. "COMPUTER MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF OVERTURNING OF THE AUTOMOBILE." TRANSPORT 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638090.
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The article deals with investigation of the possibilities of the program PC CRASH, meant for the computer modeling of the movement of vehicles. The computer modeling of the process of overturning of the automobile with the help of the program PC CRASH is introduced. The cross profile of the road, the height of the centre of gravity of the automobile and the other parameters are evaluated while modeling. The influence of the introduced parameters upon the computer modeling results is investigated. The possibilities of application of the computer modeling programs in the expert assessment of the traffic accidents are considered, the items on reliability of the results of modeling and the requirements, raised towards the experts, who work with such programs, are analyzed.
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Soltani, Ali, and Sajad Askari. "Analysis of Intra-Urban Traffic Accidents Using Spatiotemporal Visualization Techniques." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2014-0020.
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Abstract Road traffic accidents (RTAs) rank in the top ten causes of the global burden of disease and injury, and Iran has one of the highest road traffic mortality rates in the world. This paper presents a spatiotemporal analysis of intra-urban traffic accidents data in metropolitan Shiraz, Iran during the period 2011-2012. It is tried to identify the accident prone zones and sensitive hours using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based spatio-temporal visualization techniques. The analysis aimed at the identification of high-rate accident locations and safety deficient area using Kernel Estimation Density (KED) method. The investigation indicates that the majority of occurrences of traffic accidents were on the main roads, which play a meta-region functional role and act as a linkage between main destinations with high trip generation rate. According to the temporal distribution of car crashes, the peak of traffic accidents incident is simultaneous with the traffic congestion peak hours on arterial roads. The accident-prone locations are mostly located in districts with higher speed and traffic volume, therefore, they should be considered as the priority investigation locations to safety promotion programs.
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Sieklicka, Agnieszka, Patrycja Chądzyńska, and Damian Iwanowicz. "Analysis of the Behavior of Vehicle Drivers at Signal-Controlled Intersection Approach while Waiting for a Green Signal—A Case Study in Poland." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 10133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910133.
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The article presents the results of research on the behavior of vehicle drivers who, in the congested city road network (during the transport peak period), were unable to pass a traffic light-controlled intersection during one signaling cycle. They were therefore forced to wait in line at least once on the red signal before they could continue their journey. Empirical research was conducted at several intersections with traffic lights in Poland, in the cities of Bydgoszcz and Toruń. In addition, the database was supplemented with the results of surveys, which were decided to be conducted in the form of electronic form during the COVID-19 pandemic through dedicated surveys and social networking sites. The analysis of the results of field studies confirms that most drivers commit traffic offenses in the form of using mobile devices in their hands (over 60%) in the period after the start of transmitting the red signal and after stopping the vehicle. Interestingly, less than 40% of respondents admitted this offense in the survey.
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Guerrieri, Marco, Giuseppe Parla, and Raffaele Mauro. "Traffic Flow Variables Estimation: An Automated Procedure Based on Moving Observer Method. Potential Application for Autonomous Vehicles." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2019-0017.
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Abstract The estimation of traffic flow variables (flow, space mean speed and density) plays a fundamental role in highways planning and designing, as well as in traffic control strategies. Moving Observer Method (MOM) allows traffic surveys in a road, or in a road network. This paper proposes a novel automated procedure, called MOM-AP based on Moving Observer Method and Digital Image Processing (DIP) Technique able to automatically detect (without human observers) and calculate flow q, space mean speed vs and density k in case of stationary and homogeneous traffic conditions. In order to evaluate how reliable is the MOM-AP, an experiment has been carried out in a segment of one two-lane single carriageway road, in Italy. 30 datasets for the segment have been collected (in total 30 round trips). A comparative analysis between MOM-AP and traditional MOM has been carried out. First results show that the current MOM-AP algorithms underestimate the local mean flow variable values of around 10%. Nowadays MOM-AP may be implemented in smartphone apps. Instead, in the near future, it is realistic expecting the increase in the use of automated procedures for calculating the traffic flow variables (based on the “moving observer method”), due to the amount of sensors and digital cameras employed in the new autonomous vehicles (AVs). Considering such technical advances, the MOM-AP is a feasible model for real-time traffic analyses of road networks.
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Pan, Jiaye, Yi Zhuang, and Binglin Sun. "Efficient and Transparent Method for Large-Scale TLS Traffic Analysis of Browsers and Analogous Programs." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (October 27, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8467081.
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Many famous attacks take web browsers as transmission channels to make the target computer infected by malwares, such as watering hole and domain name hijacking. In order to protect the data transmission, the SSL/TLS protocol has been widely used to defeat various hijacking attacks. However, the existence of such encryption protection makes the security software and devices confront with the difficulty of analyzing the encrypted malicious traffic at endpoints. In order to better solve this kind of situation, this paper proposes a new efficient and transparent method for large-scale automated TLS traffic analysis, named as hyper TLS traffic analysis (HTTA). It extracts multiple types of valuable data from the target system in the hyper mode and then correlates them to decrypt the network packets in real time, so that overall data correlation analysis can be performed on the target. Additionally, we propose an aided reverse engineering method to support the analysis, which can rapidly identify the target data in different versions of the program. The proposed method can be applied to the endpoints and cloud platforms; there are no trust risk of certificates and no influence on the target programs. Finally, the real experimental results show that the method is feasible and effective for the analysis, which leads to the lower runtime overhead compared with other methods. It covers all the popular browser programs with good adaptability and can be applied to the large-scale analysis.
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Wang, Jiangyan, and Eugene M. Wilson. "Using Traffic Counts in Rural Statewide Transportation Planning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1593, no. 1 (January 1997): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1593-03.
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Statewide transportation planning in a rural state is presented to illustrate demand modeling using spreadsheet programs. An interactive planning approach is developed through the planner-computer interface approach to select the most applicable traffic count data for model input. For rural states in which spatial segmentation between communities is large, modeling fewer specific trip purposes is proposed. In Wyoming, this stratification resulted in two analysis trip purposes for rural statewide planning. This simplification and the results of the interactive modeling procedure illustrate the benefits of a tailored approach to statewide transportation planning for rural states with limited commuter work trips.
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Lerman Ginzburg, Shir, Pilar Botana Martinez, Ellin Reisner, Shamira Chappell, Doug Brugge, and Sabrina Kurtz-Rossi. "An Evaluation of an Environmental Health Infographic in Community Settings." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211059290.
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Background: Infographics are an effective way of communicating complex information due to their reliance on concise language and clear, uncluttered visuals. Research indicates that traffic-related ultrafine particles (UFPs) in air pollutions adversely affect human health, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we work with community-based adult literacy programs to develop an infographic about UFPs in air pollution with the goal of community-driven problem solving related to traffic-related UFPs within affected neighborhoods. Objective: In this paper, we discuss the development and evaluation of an infographic about the dangers of UFPs from traffic pollution, and actions that readers in affected communities can take to protect their health. We used the infographic format to conceptualize UFP pollution and its health effects visually for community members many of whom are new immigrants and do not speak English as their first language. Methods: We conducted 1 focus group and 4 interviews over Zoom, and collected 74 anonymous surveys among Boston Chinatown and Somerville, MA residents. Community partner organizations assisted us in recruiting participants by sending a recruitment flyer to their email contacts and identifying specific people who were interested in participating. Key Results: Data from the surveys, focus group, and interviews yielded 8 themes that guided the revision of the infographic. The majority of the participants responded positively to the infographic: 95.9% (n = 71) of respondents reported that the purpose of the infographic was clear, that the infographic contained a clear message, and that the infographic uses images to explain important points. Conclusions: Our experience developing and evaluating an infographic about near highway pollution in environmental justice communities suggests that infographics can be a viable communication tool in this context. Further research with infographics of a similar nature but in diverse communities is needed to strengthen our conclusion.
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Zou, Futai, Siyu Zhang, Linsen Li, Li Pan, and Jianhua Li. "Detecting malware based on expired command-and-control traffic." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 13, no. 7 (July 2017): 155014771772079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147717720791.
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In this article, we analyze the behavioral characteristics of domain name service queries produced by programs and then design an algorithm to detect malware with expired command-and-control domains based on the key feature of domain name service traffic, that is, repeatedly querying domain with a fixed interval. In total, 3027 malware command-and-control domains in the network traffic of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, affecting 249 hosts, were successfully detected, with a high precision of 92.0%. This algorithm can find those malware with expired command-and-control domains that are usually ignored by current research and would have important value for eliminating network security risks and improving network security environment.
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Asensio, Eva, Alejandro Almeida, Aida Galiano, and Juan-Manuel Martín-Álvarez. "Using Customer Knowledge Surveys to Explain Sales of Postgraduate Programs: A Machine Learning Approach." International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence 7, no. 3 (2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2022.01.008.
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Postolit, A. V. "Automation of Collection of Primary Data for Development of a Passenger Origin-Destination Trip Correspondence Matrix Based on Computer Vision and Neural Network Technologies." World of Transport and Transportation 19, no. 2 (November 13, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-2-5.
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The origin-destination trip matrix is a fundamental characteristic of a transport network, and development of a reliable correspondence matrix is the most important task in organising passenger traffic. It is the basis on which the public transport route network of a city (region) is built and optimised.Currently, collection of initial information for construction of a travel correspondence matrix is carried out through field surveys comprising questionnaire surveys of the population; accounting for movement of passengers according to the coupons issued to them; checkers, tellers manually counting passengers in vehicle compartments; simple surveys of passengers. Besides, mathematical modelling is used based on statistical data on the number of residents in various districts of the city, employees in enterprises and students in educational institutions, as well as on available data on the characteristics of passenger traffic along certain routes. All these surveys are very expensive and are carried out once over few years; they give a large error, which is why decisions made on the basis of these data are far from being optimal.There are a lot of solutions in the software and hardware market that provide automated collection of data on passenger flows. They are based on the use of infrared sensors or of video recording. However, none of these systems provide information about the points of entry and exit of each passenger. The objective of this study was to develop methods for automating the collection of reliable information about passenger trips, that will be the base for building up-to-date and reliable passenger trip correspondence matrices. This task can be solved by constant monitoring of passengers’ trips with fixing places of entry and exit of each passenger.The study describes the possibility of creating software based on computer vision and artificial intelligence which will provide automation of collection of primary information about travel of each passenger from the place of boarding into the vehicle to exit from it, that is, automation of data generation to build a passenger trip correspondence matrix.
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Sanett, Shelby. "Archival Digital Preservation Programs: Staffing, Costs, and Policy." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 42, no. 3 (September 2013): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2013-0019.
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AbstractA three-part longitudinal research study- conducted from 1999-2007-gathered information on management practices in national archives that were developing digital preservation programs. In the first two rounds, data was collected from surveys and interviews. The third round was an in-depth case study conducted at the National Archives of Australia (Sanett 2008). Three core areas of practice in the emerging digital preservation programs were selected for further exploration after the first round: staffing, costs, and policy. Generally, the data indicated that these three areas remained underdeveloped in archival digital preservation programs. This article discusses results of the study and is an overview of what has changed in these areas since the study ended in 2007.
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Cheng, Qian, Wei Deng, and Qizhou Hu. "Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Traffic Violation Behaviors in E-Bike Couriers in China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (November 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2427614.
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This paper identifies salient beliefs that influence e-bike couriers’ traffic violation behavior based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Two surveys were conducted in Nanjing, China, in 2018. The first survey extracted the key psychological beliefs, which were used to design a questionnaire. The second survey assessed TPB components and reported e-bike couriers’ traffic violation behavior. A structural equation model was adopted to analyze the data. The results revealed that attitudes, descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 55.7% of the variance in intention to perform traffic violation behavior, and intentions together with perceived behavior control accounted for 28.5% of the variance in self-reported violation riding behavior. All of the belief composites had strong direct impacts on their respective TPB constructs. Salient beliefs were applied to develop effective intervention strategies. Age, education level, whether one possessed a driver’s license, and past traffic violation behaviors had significant effects on belief composites and behavior. The quantitative analysis results obtained in the study can provide theoretical support for designing more effective interventions for reducing the traffic violation rate of e-bike couriers.
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Lord, Dominique. "Analysis of Pedestrian Conflicts with Left-Turning Traffic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1538, no. 1 (January 1996): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153800108.
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The interaction between pedestrians and left-turning vehicles at signalized intersections are examined using the traffic conflict technique. Paramount was a comparison of the safety of left turns at two types intersections: T-intersections and X-intersections (cross-intersections). Previous research has indicated that T-intersections are more dangerous to pedestrians. In preparation for the comparison several traffic conflict definitions and their applications to pedestrians were evaluated. Use of a laptop computer for data collection was tested. Eight sites taken from intersections in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, were selected. A conflict recording methodology was developed for T-intersections and X-intersections that consisted of recording data at various times along the paths of pedestrians and left-turning vehicles, and recording traffic conflicts. Two computer programs were written for the data collection process: one for vehicles and one for pedestrians. Several statistical tests to relate traffic conflicts and the expected number of accidents were performed. These tests indicate that a positive correlation between traffic conflicts and expected number of accidents exists; they also suggest that T-intersections have a higher traffic conflict rate than X-intersections.
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Carrion Silva, Alexis Javier, Angie Melanie Reyes Calderon, Margarita Giraldo Retuerto, and Laberiano Andrade-Arenas. "Application of Augmented Reality in Teaching and Learning in Engineering Programs." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 15 (August 17, 2022): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i15.31695.
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Augmented reality is one of the new emerging technologies in the world, since its appearance was considered for many years its application in education as a tool in the student's learning process. Taking these aspects into account, the present research article was developed, which is based on the design proposal using augmented reality in the learning process at a university in northern Lima. In which the analysis, architecture and development of a prototype was showed in detail. The result of the article was obtained by means of surveys, in the first survey it was demonstrated that the augmented reality is an unknown technology for several of the students and the feasible use in the distance education as a support in the classes, in the same way the second survey demonstrated a high interest on the part of the students at the moment of using this technology in its learning of university formation.
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Gavulová, Andrea, and Marek Drličiak. "Capacity Evaluation of Roundabouts in Slovakia." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0001-0.
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Capacity Evaluation of Roundabouts in Slovakia Two technical regulations for capacity estimation of roundabouts are valid in the Slovak Republic at the present time. Each of these regulations is based on a different theory of capacity estimation which affects the outcome of the capacity of roundabouts and their evaluation. The capacity of various roundabouts was estimated according to both methods in the previous analysis made at our department [3] and in some cases different results of the evaluation were achieved. The question is: which one of the mentioned theories better reflects a real capacity of the roundabout? For this reason some of the existing roundabouts in the town Žilina were selected and they were evaluated according to both methods and a micro simulation using PTV Vissim software. The geometrical parameters of roundabout, real driving behaviour (speed, proportions, acceleration, etc.) and also pedestrian behaviour were taken into account in the microscopic models. The first assumption for capacity evaluation by a microscopic traffic model is a calibration process which is based on traffic surveys results. Thus created models allow several capacity analyses during the peak traffic loading. Then, the results of micro-simulation can be compared with the capacity evaluation according to the technical regulations. The article deals with creation and calibration of microscopic traffic models and with the mentioned comparing of results.
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Anagnostopoulos, Apostolos, and Fotini Kehagia. "Utilizing UAVs Technology on Microscopic Traffic Naturalistic Data Acquirement." Infrastructures 6, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6060089.
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Research into collecting and measuring reliable, accurate, and naturalistic microscopic traffic data is a fundamental aspect in road network planning scientific literature. The vehicle trajectory is one of the main variables in traffic flow theory that allows to extract information regarding microscopic traffic flow characteristics. Several methods and techniques have been applied regarding the acquisition of vehicle trajectory. The forthcoming applications of intelligent transport systems on vehicles and infrastructure require sufficient and innovative tools to calibrate existing models on more complex situations. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are one of the most emerging technologies being used recently in the transportation field to monitor and analyze the traffic flow. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of UAVs as a tool for microscopic traffic data collection and analysis. A comprehensive guiding framework for accurate and cost-effective naturalistic traffic surveys and analysis using UAVs is proposed and presented in detail. Field experiments of acquiring vehicle trajectories on two multilane roundabouts were carried out following the proposed framework. Results of the experiment indicate the usefulness of the UAVs technology on various traffic analysis studies. The results of this study provide a practical guide regarding vehicle trajectory acquirement using UAVs.
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Skabardonis, Alexander. "Determination of Timings in Signal Systems with Traffic-Actuated Controllers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1554, no. 1 (January 1996): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155400103.
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Many traffic control systems on urban arterials and grid networks include signals with actuated controllers. However, commonly used signal timing computer programs have been designed for fixed-time signals and cannot directly optimize the timing of coordinated actuated signals. Users have to apply techniques designed for pretimed signals and then translate the optimal fixed-time plans into settings for the actuated controllers. The development of improved procedures for applying the MAXBAND, PASSER, and TRANSYT-7F timing programs to arterials and grid networks with actuated controllers is described. These procedures determine the yield points, force-offs, and maximum green times from the fixed-time plans on the basis of simple analytical relationships. The proposed procedures were applied on 14 representative real-world arterials and grid networks with different characteristics, and their performance was evaluated with the NETSIM microscopic simulation model. The results indicated that the proposed procedures improved traffic performance compared with the commonly used approaches that directly use the optimal fixed-time splits and offsets to set the actuated controller settings. Based on the study findings, guidelines were formulated and documented for timing coordinated actuated signals.
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Ujita, Hiroshi, Satoru Nagata, Minoru Akiyama, Masanori Naitoh, and Hirotada Ohashi. "Development of LGA & LBE 2D Parallel Programs." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 08 (December 1998): 1203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183198001096.
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A lattice-gas Automata two-dimensional program was developed for analysis of single and two-phase flow behaviors, to support the development of integrated software modules for Nuclear Power Plant mechanistic simulations. The program has single-color, which includes FHP I, II, and III models, two-color (Immiscible lattice gas), and two-velocity methods including a gravity effect model. Parameter surveys have been performed for Karman vortex street, two-phase separation for understanding flow regimes, and natural circulation flow for demonstrating passive reactor safety due to the chimney structure vessel. In addition, lattice-Boltzmann Equation two-dimensional programs were also developed. For analyzing single-phase flow behavior, a lattice-Boltzmann-BGK program was developed, which has multi-block treatments. A Finite Differential lattice-Boltzmann Equation program of parallelized version was introduced to analyze boiling two-phase flow behaviors. Parameter surveys have been performed for backward facing flow, Karman vortex street, bent piping flow with/without obstacles for piping system applications, flow in the porous media for demonstrating porous debris coolability, Couette flow, and spinodal decomposition to understand basic phase separation mechanisms. Parallelization was completed by using a domain decomposition method for all of the programs. An increase in calculation speed of at least 25 times, by parallel processing on 32 processors, demonstrated high parallelization efficiency. Application fields for microscopic model simulation to hypothetical severe conditions in large plants were also discussed.
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PIVA, Fernando Jose, José Reynaldo SETTI, and Scott WASHBURN. "Using Traffic Simulation for Level of Service Traveller Perception Studies." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 34, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i2.3965.
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Level of service (LOS) classifications of traffic oper-ational conditions play a significant role in roadway-im-provement funding decisions. Traveller perception of LOS should be consistent with traffic analysis values to avoid undermining the public confidence in the transpor-tation agency decisions. Research methods to study trav-eller perceptions range from in-vehicle videos to focus groups and surveys. These methods have different advan-tages, but all suffer from time and/or cost inefficiencies for collecting data sets across a wide range of operating conditions. This paper describes a novel method to study this topic with increased time and cost efficiency. This new method combines traffic microsimulation and 3-D visualisation capabilities. The focus of this paper is to provide guidance on how to apply traffic microsimula-tion and computer 3-D visualisation to evaluate highway trip quality from a traveller’s perspective. It discusses the creation of the simulation environment to produce a real-istic view from the vehicle’s cabin interior, including the network creation, landscaped area, dashboard speedom-eter, and rear-view mirror. The authors also propose an automated method for choosing an appropriate vehicle within the simulated traffic stream, such that the desired overall traffic stream conditions are conveyed to the trav-eller vehicle within the field of view.
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Gulivindala, Pallavi, and Arpan Mehar. "Analysis of Side Friction on Urban Arterials." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2018-0003.
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Abstract The influence of the side friction activities on the speed has been analyzed in the present study by conducting series of traffic field surveys. Pedestrian movements, parked vehicles and entry-exit of vehicles from surroundings, and wrong way movements are observed from videos and analyzed to estimate weighing factors. To examine the combined effects of all the activities the weighing factors are used to determine total value of side friction on the road. The study suggests model to estimate average speed of vehicular stream with the effect of side friction and volume on the roads section. It was found that the vehicular speed decreases as side friction increases at all the levels of traffic volume. However, no change in the speed was observed at lower level side friction. Capacity value obtained for combined data based on Greenshield’s theory that showed 9% reduction in the value considering with and without side friction.
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Fox, Paul B., and Jonathan D. Wareham. "Governance Mechanisms in Internet-Based Affiliate Marketing Programs in Spain." International Journal of E-Business Research 6, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2010100901.
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Internet-based affiliate marketing programs have emerged as one of the fastest-growing methods for online retailers to acquire customers and increase sales by tapping into the power of independent web sites to reach a large, diverse audience of potential customers. However, while these programs have proven effective in increasing website traffic and sales, illegal or inappropriate activities on the part of affiliates could negatively impact a retailer’s brand in the eyes of customers. This study is an exploratory analysis of governance mechanisms (formal contracts, partner selection, incentives and monitoring) in one-to-many affiliate programs in Spain. Agency theory and transaction cost analysis provide the theoretical background. The conclusion is that there is a significant lack of transparency in the guidance and restrictions communicated to affiliates, and a lack of systematic monitoring of affiliate behavior, which increases the risk of opportunism or misconduct. General recommendations for managers of affiliate programs are considered.
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Qasim, Zaynab, Abdul-Razzak Ziboon, and Khaldoon Falih. "TransCad analysis and GIS techniques to evaluate transportation network in Nasiriyah city." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816203029.
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Transportation is an essential element for the development of countries economically, socially, and culturally. AL-Nasiriyah is one of the highly congested urban centers within Dhi-Qar province. Network in the city center suffers congestion, particularly during peak hours simply because of the existence of vitality centers (educational, commercial and government). The network is used to assess the flow of the current traffic network patterns through several programs such as the (TransCad, GPS, GIS) so collecting different types of data, such as (Traffic volumes and free flow speed) using a device (MSSS), field surveys is done for the work of large-scale map road network.The results of the evaluation showed that most of the roads in the city have a level of service type (B), as the network showed service-level type (F) at which the vehicle relative to the road capacity (v/c) is greater than one in the city center, such as (Habboubi Street, Nasir bridge, Sumer Street, etc.) as illustrated in analysis map. On the basis of that proposed to add new roads to change path of external - external trips and also add new bridges to get rid of the congestion that appeared in the city center.
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Alexandrov, Alexander Ernstovich, Igor Alexandrovich Kovalev, Vadim Yuryevich Permikin, Alexander Vladimirovich Surin, and Vladislav Vladislavovich Lesnykh. "Logic verification of optimization model of car traffic processing at marshalling station." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-2-17-22.
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Mathematical modeling is widely spread among studies dedicated to operational planning on the railway transport. In short-term planning of marshalling station operation heuristic algorithms and simulation modeling are mainly used. It is possible to improve the quality of planning on the basis of models of strict optimization. The authors have created both a mathematical and a computer model of car traffic processing at a marshalling station with the use of mixed integer linear programming. For the realization of the computer model the authors have used a package of applied programs. The paper considers verification of the model. This procedure is necessary for revealing possible technical and content mistakes in a computer realization of a mathematical model. The authors have made the emphasis on revealing content mistakes in marshalling station operation. For the verification of the model the authors have used a logic approach.
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Brock, John F. "Applying ISD to a Social Problem: Systematic Development of a Driver Training Computer-Based Program." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 20 (October 1998): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202006.
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Traditionally, Instructional Systems Development (ISD) has been applied on large, primarily military training systems. Many skill-based training programs in the civilian world have followed the more traditional textbook, lecture, written-test model of the public educational system. In the meantime, after 70 years of public and private higher education over 6,000 young persons a year are killed in traffic crashes. It is well established that exposure to driver education does not correlate with either fewer crashes, or fewer traffic violations. This symposium reports on a three-year program that applied ISD techniques to the development of CD-ROM program for young drivers. The first paper, by Dr. David Willis of the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, reports on the early needs analysis which identified a new approach to driving instruction as a potential intervention for young drivers. The second paper, by Larry Lonero of Northport Associates, describes the curriculum development effort which identified, among many, a set of specific learning objectives which were used to design the CD-ROM program described and demonstrated in the third paper, presented by Dr. Deborah Blank of Electronic Learning Facilitators, Inc. Finally, the fourth paper, by Dr. Donald Fisher of the University of Massachusetts, reports on the test and evaluation of the CD-ROM program using an advanced driving simulator.
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Gabryel, Marcin, Magdalena M. Scherer, Łukasz Sułkowski, and Robertas Damaševičius. "Decision Making Support System for Managing Advertisers By Ad Fraud Detection." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2021-0020.
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Abstract Efficient lead management allows substantially enhancing online channel marketing programs. In the paper, we classify website traffic into human- and bot-origin ones. We use feedforward neural networks with embedding layers. Moreover, we use one-hot encoding for categorical data. The data of mouse clicks come from seven large retail stores and the data of lead classification from three financial institutions. The data are collected by a JavaScript code embedded into HTML pages. The three proposed models achieved relatively high accuracy in detecting artificially generated traffic.
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Hopman, P. C. "VEROAD: A Viscoelastic Multilayer Computer Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1539, no. 1 (January 1996): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153900110.
Full textAbstract:
The mathematical principles and derivation of a linear viscoelastic multilayer computer program are described. The principles of the derivation apply equally to conventional linear elastic programs. The practical consequences of the viscous material properties for the mathematical derivation have been solved by Fourier transformation; another mathematical consequence is that complex calculus was inevitable. The program is called VEROAD, (viscoelastic road analysis Delft). The program's primary extension is that the analyzed material can be vis-coelastic. Consequences of this extension are numerous: calculation from physical material properties of quantities such as time-dependent displacements, stresses and strains, permanent deformations, and dissipated energies is made possible. All these quantities depend on velocity of traffic, which is explicitly included in the calculations. The material model assumes the bulk modulus to be elastic and the shear modulus to be viscoelastic. The latter follows Burger's model. For illustrative purposes some mechanical analyses of asphaltic road structures are carried out, with emphasis on the distribution of stresses, strains, (permanent) deformations, and dissipated energies.