Academic literature on the topic 'Traffic signs and signals Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Traffic signs and signals Australia"

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Rash-ha Wahi, Rabbani, Narelle Haworth, Ashim Kumar Debnath, and Mark King. "Influence of Type of Traffic Control on Injury Severity in Bicycle–Motor Vehicle Crashes at Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 38 (May 14, 2018): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773576.

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Many studies have identified factors that contribute to bicycle–motor vehicle (BMV) crashes, but little is known about determinants of cyclist injury severity under different traffic control measures at intersections. Preliminary analyses of 5,388 police-reported BMV crashes from 2002 to 2014 from Queensland, Australia revealed that cyclist injury severity differed according to whether the intersection had a Stop/Give-way sign, traffic signals or no traffic control. Therefore, separate mixed logit models of cyclist injury severity (fatal/hospitalized, medically treated, and minor injury) were estimated. Despite similar distributions of injury severity across the three types of traffic control, more factors were identified as influencing cyclist injury severity at Stop/Give-way controlled intersections than at signalized intersections or intersections with no traffic control. Increased injury severity for riders aged 40–49 and 60+ and those not wearing helmets were the only consistent findings across all traffic control types, although the effect of not wearing helmets was smaller at uncontrolled intersections. Cyclists who were judged to be at fault were more severely injured at Stop/Give-way and signalized intersections. Speed zone influenced injury severity only at Stop/Give-way signs and appears to reflect differences in intersection design, rather than speed limits per se. While most BMV crashes occurred on dry road surfaces, wet road surfaces were associated with an increased cyclist injury severity at Stop/Give-way intersections. The results of this study will assist transport and enforcement agencies in developing appropriate mitigation strategies to improve the safety of cyclists at intersections.
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Inagaki, Joji. "Traffic message signals and signs." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 76, no. 1 (1992): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.76.1_21.

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C, Bharanidharan, Jeevan Chandra, Hitesh Kumar, Jayasurya s, and Stella A. "GLOBAL IMAGE IDENTIFIER." International Research Journal of Computer Science 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2022.v0908.08.

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Many of the things, signs, and symbols we encounter when exploring the world might not be familiar to us. A global image identifier must be created to minimize confusion and misunderstanding. We shall use the less-than-universal traffic signs as an example. Road signs are strategically positioned to safeguard drivers’ and tourists' safety. Additionally, they offer instructions on when and where cars should turn or not turn. The traffic signs on the road express several cautions. In India, there are 400 traffic accidents per day, according to official statistics. Road signs ensure the safety of both automobiles and pedestrians by preventing accidents from occurring. Additionally, traffic signals reduce the incidence of traffic offences by ensuring that drivers follow certain laws. All users of the road, including pedestrians and automobiles, should give priority to traffic signals. For a multitude of reasons, including difficulty focusing, tiredness, and lack of sleep, we fail to see traffic signs. Other reasons for ignoring the indicators include impaired vision, the outside world's influence, and environmental factors. There is a critical need for a system that can recognize traffic lights automatically.
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Sreenivas, Dr M. "Traffic Sign Recognition Using CNN." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 3522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44532.

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Abstract: You've probably heard about self-driving automobiles, in which the passenger can completely rely on the vehicle for transportation. Cars must, however, understand and follow all traffic rules in order to achieve level 5 autonomy. Many researchers and large organisations, including as Tesla, Uber, Google, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Ford, Audi, and others, are working on autonomous vehicles and self-driving automobiles in the world of artificial intelligence and technological innovation. As a result, in order for this technology to be accurate, the vehicles must be able to understand traffic signs and make proper decisions. Speed limits, prohibited entry, traffic signals, turn left or right, children crossing, no passing of big trucks, and so on are all examples of traffic signs. Traffic sign classification is the process of determining which class a traffic sign belongs to. In this project, we'll create a deep neural network model that can categorise traffic signals in an image into several groups. Using our model, we can read and understand traffic signs, which is a critical function for all autonomous vehicles. Based on Convolutional Neural Networks, we offer a method for detecting traffic signs (CNN). We employ support vector machines to convert the original image to grey scale, then apply convolutional neural networks with fixed and learnable layers for detection and recognition. The fixed layer can limit the number of interest regions to be detected and crop the boundaries to be as near to the original as possible.
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Almusawi, Husam A., Mohammed Al-Jabali, Amro M. Khaled, Korondi Péter, and Husi Géza. "Self-Driving robotic car utilizing image processing and machine learning." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1256, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1256/1/012024.

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Abstract The major goal of this paper is to build and represent a prototype of a fully autonomous car that employs computer vision to detect lanes and traffic signs without human intervention using limited computing capacity. The project contains an embedded system represented by a Raspberry Pi 3 which serves as the image processing and machine learning unit. This method requires a stream of images as input for the computer vision using OpenCV2 library with C++ programming language along with Haar Cascade Classifier for the detection of traffic signs. The Raspberry Pi will send binary signals to the Arduino UNO which is responsible for merging those signals with the ones from the ultrasonic sensor and producing new signals which are sent to the motor driver to control the direction and speed of the dc motors. The system was able to detect the lane and respond to changes in lane direction, as well as to detect traffic signs and give appropriate responses.
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Xiong, Jun Yu, Xiao Hui Du, Jia Qi Wang, and Hui Li Zhai. "A Optimized Design of One Traffic Circle." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1632.

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In this paper we use queuing theory to analysis the incoming traffic, developed an effective way to control the traffic of a circle by using stop signs and yield signs,and calculated the traffic capacity and average waiting time of this method. Then, we use signals to control the traffic and improve the original method by a analysis the ways the car can pass through the circle crossing. Taking into account of the traffic flow in the different time of a day, we got the light's signal period to adapt to the features of the traffic flow.
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Satpute, Ms Bhumika Vasant, Ms Dhanlaxmi Balavant Don, Ms Rakhi Ajaykumar Salave, Ms Abrar Zameer Shaikh, and Prof Akash K. Gunjal. "Intelligent Transportation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 4560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43354.

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Abstract: People have experienced frequent communication and information exchange in recent years as a result of the proliferation of mobile devices. For example, when people go on vacations, it is common for each person to bring a smart phone with them to get information about nearby attractions. When a user visits a location, the application will provide useful information based on the user's current location preferences and previous visits to locations and their traffic signs. This new feature of map will learn your preferences and will display traffic signs in the area this system would display all traffic signs in and around the city including No Parking, Give Way, Speed Breakers ,Zebra Crossings ,Signals ,Tunnels, Sharp Curves, Speed ,No Overtaking Zones, Accidents Ponds, and Cycle Lanes. The use of popularity based filtering allows users to see all of the traffic signs in the area. Keywords: Traffic signs, Intelligent Transportation
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Allen, R. Wade, Zareh Parseghian, and Theodore J. Rosenthal. "Simulator Evaluation of Road Signs and Signals." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 14 (October 1994): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801423.

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This paper describes a accuracy versus speed paradigm for evaluating signing and traffic signal conditions using low cost simulation technology. Two research examples are reviewed. One study involved the use of an interactive driving simulator that included the presentation of high resolution signs over the apparent viewing range from 500 to 50 feet. Drivers had to control vehicle speed and lane position while identifying the meaning of symbol signs as rapidly as possible. Subjects were scored in terms of correctness and the distance at which signs were identified. A second study involved a computer controlled presentation of static signalled intersection scenes, including supplemental signs, to subjects who were required to make decisions about permissive movements. Subjects were required to make decisions about permissive movements as rapidly as possible, and were scored by the computer on correctness and response time. Results in both studies showed that both response speed and correctness degrade with the complexity of signal and sign treatments.
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Lee, Suzanne E., Sarah B. Brown, Miguel A. Perez, Zachary R. Doerzaph, and Vicki L. Neale. "Normal and Hard Braking Behavior at Stop Signs and Traffic Signals." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 22 (September 2005): 1897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902203.

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A testbed intersection violation warning system was developed to address the problem of intersection crashes. The effectiveness of such systems is fundamentally dependent on the driver-braking model used to decide if a warning should be issued to the driver. If the model is unrealistic, drivers can either be annoyed due to assumed braking levels that are too low, or can be warned too late if braking expectations are too high. Initial algorithm development relied on data from the Collision Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) Forward Collision Warning (FCW) project. However, it was unknown whether the CAMP data (collected in the presence of stopped lead vehicles) would be applicable to the intersection problem (e.g., will drivers respond similarly to red traffic signals and stopped lead vehicles). Braking profile and performance tests were thus conducted to determine the applicability of the CAMP FCW results to the intersection violation warning.
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Wani, Gulzar Ahmad, and Dr Gurinder Kaur Sodhi. "Implementation of Bootstrap Technique in Detection of Road Sign using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 2299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48460.

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Abstract: Traffic sign recognition is a driver assistance tool that can alert and warn the driver by showing any applicable limitations on the current stretch of road. Such limitations include signs such as 'traffic light approaching' or 'walking crossing.' The present research focuses on identifying Indian road and traffic signs in real time. Real-time footage from a moving automobile is captured by a computerized camera, and genuine traffic signs are retrieved using vision data. The network is divided into three stages: one for identification and the other for classification. The first stage created and constructed hybrid colour edge detection. In stage 2, a new and successful custom feature-based technique is used for the first time in a road sign identification strategy. Finally, a multilayer Convolution Neural Network (CNN) with Graphical User Interface (GUI) is being created to identify and analyse various traffic signals. It's tricky, despite the fact that it's been tested on both traditional and nontraffic signs and passed with flying colours..
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traffic signs and signals Australia"

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Peiffer, John P. "Fatigue testing of stiffened traffic signal structures." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1888253611&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Franz, Mark L. "Local agency traffic sign retroreflectivity case study and model of observed traffic sign light intensity." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10473.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 85 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
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Sullivan, Andrew J. "Developing a traffic signal design manual for Alabama." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/sullivan.pdf.

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Jrew, Basim K. "Application of off-line computer programs to arterial signal timing and railroad preemption." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20131.

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Wong, Lo-kwan. "The use of vehicular countdown traffic signal in Hong Kong a feasibility analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41549296.

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Amanzholov, Anuar. "Analysis of off-peak traffic signal operations." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 129 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605156311&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Malek, Shahram. "EASINET : a procedural package for development and analysis of intersection control strategies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33612.

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Brunot, Douglas Clair. "SPECIFICATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS FOR HIGHWAY SIGNS, LUMINAIRES AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1145887924.

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Yang, Chun-Ming. "Enhancing driving safety through proper message design on variable message signs /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3206259.

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Einhorn, Mark David. "Self-organising traffic control algorithms at signalised intersections." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96751.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The debilitating social, economic and environmental ramifications of traffic congestion are experienced in large cities the world over. The optimisation of traffic signal timings at signalised road intersections attempts to mitigate the extent of these adverse effects of traffic congestion by reducing the delay time experienced by vehicles in a transport network. Today, traffic signal control schemes may be classiffied into one of two main classes, namely fixed-time traffic signal control strategies, which are typically cyclic in nature, and vehicle-actuated traffic signal control strategies, which are typically acyclic in nature. Generally, cyclic control strategies tend to lack exibility, and are unable to adapt to short-term uctuations in traffic ow rates, resulting in green times that are either too long or too short. On the other hand, acyclic control strategies tend to lack coordination between intersections, resulting in vehicles being required to stop at the majority of signalised intersections they encounter. Self-organising traffic signal control has been proposed as an attractive alternative form of control which both exhibits exibility and facilitates a global coordination between intersections as a result of localised signal switching policies. Two examples of existing self-organising traffic signal control algorithms from the literature include an algorithm proposed by Lammer and Helbing in 2008 and an algorithm proposed by Gershenson and Rosenblueth in 2012. These algorithms have been shown to outperform both optimised fixed-time traffc signal control techniques as well as state-of-the-art vehicle actuated trffic signal control techniques, in terms of reducing vehicle delay time in a transport network. A draw-back of both of these self-organising approaches, however, is that their effective operation relies on carefully selected parameter values; poorly selected parameter values may render these algorithms very ineffectual. In this dissertation, three novel self-organising traffic signal traffic control algorithms are proposed. These three algorithms assume the use of existing radar detection sensors mounted at the intersection to provide the necessary input data. The radar detection sensors are capable of detecting and tracking individual vehicles approaching an intersection, providing real-time information pertaining to their physical dimensions, velocities, and ranges from the intersection in terms of both time and distance. The three traffic signal control algorithms are free of any user-specialised parameters, and instead rely solely on the data provided by the radar detection sensors to inform their signal switching policies. The first of these traffic signal control algorithms is inspired by inventory control theory, and draws parallels between the monetary costs typically considered in inventory control models and the delay time costs associated with traffic control at signalised intersections, which the algorithm attempts to minimise. The second novel traffic control algorithm is inspired by the chemical process of osmosis in which solvent molecules move unaided from a region where they are highly concentrated, across a semi-permeable membrane, into a region of high solute molecule concentration. The algorithm models vehicles approaching an intersection as solvent molecules and the physical space available for the vehicles to occupy once they have passed through the intersection as solute molecules. Following this analogy, the intersection is considered to be the semi-permeable membrane. The third traffic control algorithm is a hybrid of the inventory and osmosis-inspired algorithms together with an intersection utilisation maximisation technique, which prevents unnecessary or prolonged underutilisation of an intersection. The three novel trafficc control algorithms, together with the algorithms of Lammer and Helbing, and of Gershenson and Rosenblueth, as well as a fixed-time control algorithm, are implemented in a purpose-built microscopic traffic simulation modelling framework. Several measures are employed to evaluate the relative performances of the algorithms. These measures include the usual mean and maximum resulting delay times incurred by vehicles and the saturation level of the roadways in the transport network, as well as three novel performance measure indicators which include the mean number of stops made by vehicles, their mean normalised delay time and the mean normalised number of stops made. The algorithms are compared in the context of a linear corridor road network topology as well as a grid road network topology under various traffic ow conditions. The overall performance of the novel hybrid traffic signal control algorithm is found to be superior for the corridor road network topology, while the performance of the osmosis-inspired algorithm is found to be superior for the grid road network topology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Die negatiewe sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingsimpak van verkeersopeenhoping word in groot stede regoor die w^ereld ervaar. Die doel met die optimering van verkeersligwerkverrigting by straatkruisings is om die omvang van hierdie negatiewe impak tee te werk deur die vertraging van voertuie in 'n vervoernetwerk te verminder. Hedendaagse verkeersbeheeralgoritmes kom in een van twee hoofklasse voor, naamlik vaste-tyd beheerstrategiee, wat gewoonlik siklies van aard is, en beheerstrategiee gebaseer op voertuigopsporing, wat tipies asiklies van aard is. Oor die algemeen beskik sikliese beheerstrategiee nie oor genoegsame buigsaambeid om aan te pas by kort-termyn fluktuasies in verkeersvloei nie, wat tipies daartoe lei dat hul groentye spesifiseer wat of te lank of te kort is. Aan die ander kant is asikliese beheerstrategiee nie daartoe in staat om koordinasie tussen naasliggende straatkruisings te bewerkstellig nie, wat weer daartoe lei dat voertuie genoodsaak word om by die oorgrote meerderheid straatkruisings op hul pad te stop. Die self-organiserende beheer van verkeersligte is as 'n aantrektlike, buigsame alternatief voorgestel wat in staat is om globale koordinasie tussen naasliggende straatkruisings as gevolg van gelokaliseerde seinstrategiee te bewerkstellig. Twee voorbeelde van bestaande self-organiserende verkeersbeheeralgoritmes in die literatuur is die algoritmes wat in 2008 deur Lammer and Helbing en in 2012 deur Gershenson en Rosenblueth voorgestel is. Daar is aangetoon dat hierdie algoritmes daartoe in staat is om ge-optimeerde vaste-tyd beheerstrategiee sowel as gevorderde strategiee gebaseer op voertuigopsporing uit te stof in terme van 'n vermindering van die vertraging van voertuie in 'n vervoernetwerk. 'n Nadeel van beide hierdie self-organiserende benaderings is egter dat hul doeltreffende werkverrigting berus op versigtig-gekose parameterwaardes; willekeurige parameterwaardes mag lei na hoogs ondoeltreffende werkverrigitng van die algoritmes. Drie nuwe self-organiserende verkeersbeheeralgoritmes word in hierdie proefskrif voorgestel. Hierdie drie algoritmes maak vir hul toevoerdata staat op die beskikbaarhed van bestaande radar opsporingsensors wat by straatkruisings geinstalleer is. Die sensors is daartoe in staat om individuele voertuie wat 'n straatkruising nader, op te spoor, te volg en intydse data oor hul fisiese dimensies, snelhede, en afstande na die kruising (in terme van beide tyd en afstand) te lewer. Die drie algoritmes bevat geen gebruikers-gespesifiseerde parameters nie, en maak in plaas daarvan slegs gebruik van die sensortoevoerdata om hul beheerstrategiee te bepaal. Die eerste van hierdie verkeersbeheeralgoritmes is deur die teorie van voorraadbeheer geinspireer en maak gebruik van parallelle tussen die monet^ere kostes wat tipies in voorraadbeheermodelle voorkom en die kostes in terme van vertragingstyd wat met verkeersbeheer by straatkruisings aangegaan word, en wat deur die algoritme geminimeer word. Die tweede verkeersbeheeralgoritme is deur die chemiese proses van osmose geinspireer, waar molekules van 'n oplossingsmiddel sonder eksterne hulp vanaf 'n gebied waar hul in hoe konsentrasie voorkom, deur 'n gedeeltelik-deurlaatbare membraan beweeg na 'n gebied waarin hul ook in hoe konsentrasie, maar in opgeloste vorm voorkom. Die algoritme modelleer voertuie wat 'n straatkruising nader as die molekules van die oplossingsmiddel en die fisiese ruimte wat aan die ander kant van die kruising beskikbaar is om deur voertuie beset te word, as molekules in opgeloste vorm. In hierdie analogie word die kruising self as die gedeeltelik-deurlaatbare membraan beskou. Die derde algoritme is 'n hibriede strategie waarin elemente van die eerste twee algoritmes in samewerking met 'n tegniek vir die maksimering van straatkruisingsbenutting gekombineer word, en wat wat ten doel het om onnodige of verlengte onderbenutting van die kruising te vermy. Hierdie drie nuwe verkeersbeheeralgoritmes word, tesame met die bestaande algoritmes van Lammer en Helbing, en van Gershenson en Rosenblueth, asook 'n vaste-tyd beheeralgoritme, in 'n mikroskopiese verkeersimulasiemodelleringsraamwerk wat spesifiek vir die doel ontwerp is, geimplementeer. Verskeie maatstawwe word ingespan om die relatiewe werkverrigting van die algoritmes te evalueer. Hierdie maatstawwe sluit in die gebruiklike gemiddelde en maksimum vertragingstye van voertuie en die versadigingsvlak van strate in die vervoernetwerk, sowel as drie nuwe maatstawwe, naamlik die gemiddelde aantal stoppe deur voertuie, hul genormaliseerde vertragingstye en die gemiddelde, genormaliseerde aantal stoppe. Die algoritmes word in die kontekste van 'n line^ere topologie van opeenvolgende straatkruisings en 'n netwerktopologie van reghoekige straatblokke onder verskeie verkeersdigthede met mekaar vergelyk. Daar word bevind dat die nuwe hibriede algoritme die beste vaar in die line^ere topologie, terwyl die osmose-ge inspireerde algoritme die ander algoritmes uitstof in die straatblok-netwerktopologie.
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Books on the topic "Traffic signs and signals Australia"

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Ireland. Department of the Environment. Traffic signs manual. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1996.

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McDonald, M. Obscuration of traffic signs and signals. [Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory], 1988.

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Dudek, Conrad L. Changeable message signs. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1997.

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Great Britain. Department of Transport. Traffic Advisory Unit. Traffic signs, signals and road marking bibliography. London: Department of Transport, Traffic Advisory Unit, 1989.

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S, Tabor Lee, and Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, eds. Accessible pedestrian signals. Washington, DC (1331 F St., NW, Ste. 1000, Washington 20004-1111): U.S. Access Board, 1998.

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Macken, JoAnn Early. Road signs. Mankato, Minn: Amicus, 2011.

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Orcutt, Fred L. The traffic signal book. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Curtis, Owen. Time-based coordination of traffic signals. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1985.

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Curtis, Owen. Time-based coordination of traffic signals. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1985.

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Curtis, Owen. Time-based coordination of traffic signals. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traffic signs and signals Australia"

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"Markings, Signs, and Traffic Signals." In Lighting for Driving, 143–60. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008159-9.

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"Markings, Signs, and Traffic Signals." In Lighting for Driving, 125–42. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008159.ch5.

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Perlovsky, Leonid I. "Symbols." In Semiotics and Intelligent Systems Development, 121–51. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-063-9.ch005.

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What is the nature of symbols? This word is used for traffic signs, for mathematical notations, and motivationally loaded cultural objects, which may inspire war and piece. This chapter explains relationships among symbols, cognition, and language. Symbols are explained as processes in the mind involving cognition and language. Relationships between cognition and language were a mystery until recently. Linguists often considered language as relationships among words and other linguistic entities, separately from its relationships to the world. Mechanisms of language in the mind and brain were considered separate and different from thinking and cognition. Neural mechanisms integrating language and cognition are unknown. Yet, language and cognition are intertwined in evolution, ontogenesis, learning, and in everyday usage, therefore a unified understanding of working of the mind is essential. A mathematical description of such unifying mechanisms is the subject of this paper. We discuss relationships among computational intelligence, known mechanisms of the mind, semiotics, computational linguistics, and describe a process integrating language and cognition. Mathematical mechanisms of concepts, emotions, and instincts are described as a part of information processing in the mind and related to perception and cognition processes in which an event is understood as a concept. Development of such mathematical theories in the past often encountered difficulties of fundamental nature manifested as combinatorial complexity. Here, combinatorial complexity is related to logic underlying algorithms and a new type of logic is introduced, dynamic fuzzy logic, which overcomes past limitations. This new type of logic is related to emotional signals in the brain and combines mechanisms of emotions and concepts. The mathematical mechanism of dynamic logic is applicable to both language and cognition, unifying these two abilities and playing an important role in language acquisition as well as cognitive ontogenesis. The mathematical description of thought processes is related to semiotic notions of signs and symbols.
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Lauter, Paul. "Whose Culture? Whose Literacy?" In Canons and Contexts. Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195055931.003.0019.

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Zora Neale Hurston, the black writer and anthropologist, liked to tell a story about how she was arrested for crossing against a red light. But, she laughed, she had gotten off. “I told the policeman,” she would say, “that I had seen white folks pass on the green and so assumed the red light was for me.” That story has always held a particular appeal to me, since my father was color blind and could not tell red from green. He knew them apart in traffic lights, he once told me, only because one was always on top and the other on bottom. signs, particularly: Which are on top and which on bottom; which command you to stop, and which invite you to proceed, and how that might differ, depending who “you” are. After all, schools, whatever else they do, help establish and transmit our society’s cultural signals, those determinative red and green lights. Indeed, one way of understanding the curriculum is as an elaborate set of signals directing students onto the various tracks they will likely follow throughout their lives. However that might be, it is certainly true that educational institutions always seem to be caught between two prepositions, “in” and “to.” Part of our mission is to instruct students in various disciplines, in history, in literature, in physics. But at the same time, we are expected to orient students to the world outside the classroom, to its creation and recreation in the work they will perform and the ideas they will evolve. find a tension in these prepositions between the voices of the past and the visions of the future. The dilemma may seem familiar, yet another chapter in the honored debate between the Ancients and the Moderns, between those who say “set the students’ eyes firmly upon the ‘monuments of unaging intellect,’ “ and those who say “educere, lead them forth, help them dream, let their ‘thought be mother to the deed.’ ”
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Conference papers on the topic "Traffic signs and signals Australia"

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Harasthy, Tomas, Jan Turan, and L'ubos Ovsenik. "Optical correlator based Traffic Signs Inventory system." In 2013 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwssip.2013.6623463.

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Royle, M. C. "Optical aspects of traffic signals and variable message signs." In Eighth International Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring and Control. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960323.

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Konstantinopoulou, Lina, Anthony Germanchev, Marko Ševrović, and James Bradford. "Assessing the Readiness of Infrastructure for Automated Vehicles from a Safety Perspective." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-acm-065.

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The Paper examines the "Roads that Cars can Read'' attributes for physical and digital infrastructure and develops the AD Star rating methodology by assessing the readiness of the infrastructure for AD vehicles from a safety perspective in 4 member states (SLAIN project). It also describes the Australian findings on Infrastructure Changes to Support Automated Vehicles on Rural and Metropolitan Highways and Freeways. The European Road Assessment Programme (EuroRAP) is an innovative programme of systematic risk assessment protocols which include among others the aiRAP and Autonomous Driving (AD) Star Rating. EuroRAP works on the European Commission funded CEF project SLAIN which is a 2-year project co-financed by the European Union under the Connecting Europe Facility. The project is set out in eight activities to support and encourage the proposed changes to Directive 2008/96/EC and Prepare for Automation. Among other activities, Activity 7 will perform a three-part study to demonstrate the readiness of Europe's physical infrastructure for automation. lt will include verifying several physical road attributes (relevant 52 attributes) including road marking and traffic signs and digital road attributes in 4 member states and it is going to develop the automatic coding methodology for the European network for network wide assessment and producing AI algorithms for identifying and combining datasets of vehicle sensors. The Australian case study: The method used for the Australian CAV readiness audit was documented in the Austroads Report (2019) [4]. The audit was conducted by the Australian Road Research Board using a survey vehicle fitted with a Mobileye camera that represents machine vision technology used in late model or near future market vehicles. This technology detects the road environment in real-time including speed signs, lines and objects. Mobileye is a global supplier of machine vision technology to automotive manufacturers, and the Mobileye technology is the foundation of more than 25 auto manufacturer's ADAS functionality and is representative of how today's vehicles read the road.
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Chowdhury, Sohini Roy, Lars Tornberg, Robin Halvfordsson, Jonatan Nordh, Adam Suhren Gustafsson, Joel Wall, Mattias Westerberg, et al. "Automated Augmentation with Reinforcement Learning and GANs for Robust Identification of Traffic Signs using Front Camera Images." In 2019 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9049005.

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Young, William, and John Dovel. "Powering Traffic Signals in an Emergency With Alternative Power Sources." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1053.

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Disasters, whether man-made or natural, destroy buildings, structures, lives and natural surroundings. As an example, Hurricane Andrew devastated South Florida with winds up to 140 miles per hour leaving more than 250,000 people homeless and severely damaging at least 85,000 buildings, in addition to traffic signals and other roadway devices. Traveling was hazardous with debris in the roadway, power lines down, traffic signals damaged or not working, and road signs missing. With so many traffic signals not working, normal traffic flow was disrupted and roadways became congested. The importance of maintaining traffic flow in a disaster was evident for effective movement of emergency vehicles and to support recovery efforts. The same effect is realized, but to a smaller degree, during brown-outs, severe storms, accidents and other power outages for whatever the cause. During power outages caused by disasters or other events, there are many traffic signals that are still functional, but not operational due to loss of electrical power. Recent advances in power electronics, lighting and alternative energy sources provide a means of making these functional traffic signals operational during power outages. Updating signal heads with new light emitting diode (LED) lamps will lower the energy consumption by 60 to 80 percent of that of existing incandescent lights. With lower power requirements, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, become capable of providing the needed electric power. Redesigning traffic signals to incorporate new low-energy technologies make renewables a more viable source of power. This paper addresses these issues with respect to energy consumption and describes a new design that uses renewables to power these new lighting technologies.
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