Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic light regulation'
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1
Rozali, Azpadli. "Traffic Light Control System Design Using Omron PLC With Ladder Diagram Method." Instal : Jurnal Komputer 12, no. 01 (October 25, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54209/jurnalkomputer.v12i01.18.
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At this time, traffic congestion is a problem that many big cities face, especially at intersections. Traffic jams at intersections occur a lot because they are caused by the traffic light regulation system that is not in accordance with the traffic light settings which can be changed at any time. The design of the traffic light simulation control program is deviated by four. The program is made with 4 models, namely the all-light flashing model, the flashing yellow light model, and a different one-way model. The current traffic light regulation mostly uses a fixed time setting system where the lights are set to work on a fixed time basis, regardless of the ups and downs of traffic flow. Therefore, offered a detector system (traffic actuated) by utilizing PLC (programmeble logic controller) as a controller. This research is made a simulation tool with PLC Omron. The working process of this tool is in the form of sending input from sensors installed on the road, where this sensor detects the presence or absence of vehicles.
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Sailau, Assel Aliyadynovna. "LIGHT REGULATION SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS TO FORECAST THE TRANSPORT FLOWS IN ALMATY." Вестник КазАТК 116, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2021-116-1-299-304.
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The number of vehicles on the roads of Almaty, Kazakhstan is growing from year to year. This brings about an increasing intensity and density of traffic flows in the streets which leads to congestion, decreasing speed of the traffic flow, increasing environmental pollution caused by car emissions, and which can potentially lead to the road traffic accidents (RTA), including fatalities.
While the number of injuries grows up mainly due to drivers’ non-compliance with the speed limit, the environmental pollution is caused by longer traffic jams. Therefore, to reduce the level of road traffic injuries and emissions into the environment it is necessary to ensure the uniform movement of traffic flows in cities. Currently, one of the effective ways to do it is the use of transport telematics systems, in particular, control systems for road signs, road boards and traffic lights.
The paper presents an analysis of existing systems and methods of traffic light regulation. The analyses of the systems and methods are based on the use of homogeneous data, that is the data on standard parameters of traffic flows. The need in collecting and analyzing additional semi-structured data on the factors that have a significant impact on the traffic flows parameters in cities is shown as well.
The work is dedicated to solving the problem of analysis and forecast of traffic flows in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. GPS data on the location of individual vehicles is used as the initial data for solving this problem. By projecting the obtained information onto the graph of the city's transport network, as well as using additional filtering, it is possible to obtain an estimate of individual parameters of traffic flows. These parameters are used for short-term forecast of the changes in the city's transport network.
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Novikov, A. N., S. V. Eremin, and A. G. Shevtsova. "PROGRAM OF LIGHT-FORMAT REGULATION ON THE BASIS OF CONTROLLED NETWORKS AND THE SATURATIONS’ FLOW: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATION." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-6-680-691.
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Introduction. The paper deals with traffic light regulation. This task is always relevant. Thus, even for an ordinary intersection, depending on the intensity of traffic flows, the control cycles should differ significantly. This paper discusses all kinds of systems, namely, two-phase, three-phase, four-phase and others. In addition to solving optimization problems of regulation the authors propose to use the device managed network, which allows setting the configuration of the transport network as the base graph of the managed network, and then based on the parameterization of the graph of the throughput ability of the network to solve the optimization problem of selecting the control traffic and pedestrian flow.Methods and materials. For solving the problem of traffic management on the road network, the authors proposed to use the mechanisms of managed networks. As a result, the authors presented a technique based on the calculation of saturation flows, the main characteristic of the control technique, which was activated when there were no requests from the transport detectors to turn by the green signal.Results. The authors constructed a generalized simulation model of control phases of regulation based on the usage of controlled networks, depending on the intensity of traffic flows and formed a method of selecting modes of traffic lights for different traffic situations.Discussion and conclusions. The solution of the problem of traffic light regulation significantly affects the traffic management efficiency. The authors determine the main parameters based on the analysis of traffic light control methods. As a result of the calculation of the saturation flow and information about the intensity of traffic, the authors form the method of selecting the necessary modes of the phosphor object’s operation.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
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Astarita, Vittorio, Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè, Giuseppe Guido, and Alessandro Vitale. "The Use of Adaptive Traffic Signal Systems Based on Floating Car Data." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4617451.
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This paper presents a simple concept which has not been, up to now, thoroughly explored in scientific research: the use of information coming from the network of Internet connected mobile devices (on vehicles) to regulate traffic light systems. Three large-scale changes are going to shape the future of transportation and could lead to the regulation of traffic signal system based on floating car data (FCD): (i) the implementation of Internet connected cars with global navigation satellite (GNSS) system receivers and the autonomous car revolution; (ii) the spreading of mobile cooperative Web 2.0 and the extension to connected vehicles; (iii) an increasing need for sustainability of transportation in terms of energy efficiency, traffic safety, and environmental issues. Up to now, the concept of floating car data (FCD) has only been extensively used to obtain traffic information and estimate traffic parameters. Traffic lights regulation based on FCD technology has not been fully researched since the implementation requires new ideas and algorithms. This paper intends to provide a seminal insight into the important issue of adaptive traffic light based on FCD by presenting ideas that can be useful to researchers and engineers in the long-term task of developing new algorithms and systems that may revolutionize the way traffic lights are regulated.
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Kozin, Yuriy. "Road Traffic Light in New Configuration." Journal of Road Safety 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00253.
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The three-color system containing signals of the same circular shape has been in existence for over a hundred years. Each traffic signal has been justifiably selected to have a special color light to correspond to human psychoemotional reaction (red – stop, yellow – caution, green – go) to a given color signal (British Standards, 2015) and to comply with the laws of physics (The Motivated Engineer, 2015) – Rayleigh’s scattering law (Banc SpaceTek, 2017). The main downsides of the traditional road traffic light include the following: • The uniform circular shape of light signals results in uncertainty and difficulties for road users with color blindness and visual impairments, resulting in the need for restrictions or bans on driving license issuance in some countries. This uncertainty becomes particularly acute in conditions of low visibility. • According to the concept of harmony of form and color (Itten, 1961), a green light alone corresponds to the circular (spherical-like) shape of the signal. Red and amber lights harmoniously combine with other geometrical shapes. • The uniform shape of light signals prevents the implementation of the original compact combined model of traffic lights. For example, during the day, colorblind people can tell which signal is which because there is a standard position assigned: top – bottom or right – left (Oliveira, Souza, Junior, Sales & Ferraz, 2015). This becomes problematic if the compact combined models of traffic lights are used. Engineers and inventors have been trying to solve these problems by introducing random changes in the light signal shape and complicating the traffic light design. For a long time there have been different proposals about how to eliminate the demerits of the existing traffic lights: from arbitrary changes in the signal shape (Patterson, 1988) to transformation of traffic lights into a single-section display panel (Kulichenko, 2011) which replaces among others stationary road signs. However, technical solutions like these deprive the traffic light of its signal uniformity and conciseness (simplicity, clarity and precision of its controlling effect), features which help safe traffic regulation in a busy and dynamic mode. Technical modernization of individual signal components has been going hand in hand with technological developments as light sources, diffusers, lenses, controllers, materials, control systems, timers, etc. are improved. However, adequate design and aesthetic proposals are considerably behind. The aim of this paper is to propose a concept of creating control signals of traffic light that harmonize color and form, and, as a result, to create a new model of traffic light that will be convenient for all road users.
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Klimovich, A. N., and V. N. Shuts. "Crossroad control algorithm based on V2I-interaction." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (February 6, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2018-4-21-27.
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The importance of efficient traffic management problem grows every year. Constantly increasing number of vehicles and traffic volume requires improvement of methods and algorithms of traffic control. Such improvement becomes possible due to the spreading of global navigation and positioning systems, the development of wireless communication technologies and mobile internet, the advance in specialized technologies for interaction between vehicles and road infrastructure (V2I), the enhancement of machine learning models, computer vision algorithms, the emergence of driverless cars. This paper considers the novel approach to traffic management at intersection based on the use of V2I communication, describes general scheme of such approach and differences with conventional traffic light regulation. Developed algorithm of intersection management utilizes advantages of V2I communication to increase throughput of the intersection comparing to simple traffic light regulation and more advanced adaptive methods. The increase of throughput is achieved due to the dynamic construction of regulation phases which can be done because of more complete information about traffic flow. The comparence of various methods of regulation was performed in developed traffic simulation environment based on multi-agent approach.
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Andronov, Roman, and Evgeny Leverents. "Effectiveness of adaptive control of traffic light intersection on isolated multi-lane intersections." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002107.
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The use of information technology in traffic management can increase the capacity of traffic intersections and reduce vehicle delays. In cities, adaptive traffic control at traffic lights intersections has been well established. Adaptive regulation is applied mainly on isolated traffic lights, where the traffic flow has a predominantly exponential distribution of intervals. It was established experimentally that the effectiveness of the method decreases with a supersaturated traffic flow, which makes it difficult to find a “cutoff point”, a convenient moment for switching the traffic light signal. The article shows that at isolated multi-band intersections, the search for a convenient signal switching time is difficult at low loading levels. At uninsulated intersections, the incoming flow will have clear periods of time without vehicles, which makes the operation of adaptive traffic control in these conditions at a multi-lane crossing more efficient. This suggests the need for further study of the patterns of distribution of intervals between cars in urban environments at the approaches to non-isolated intersections and at the approach to intersections operating without coordination with other traffic lights.
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Ma, Zibo, Tongchao Cui, Wenxing Deng, Fengyao Jiang, and Liguo Zhang. "Adaptive Optimization of Traffic Signal Timing via Deep Reinforcement Learning." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (November 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6616702.
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With rapid development of the urbanization, how to improve the traffic lights efficiency has become an urgent issue. The traditional traffic light control is a method that calculates a series of corresponding timing parameters by optimizing the cycle length. However, fixing sequence and duration of traffic lights is inefficient for dynamic traffic flow regulation. In order to solve the above problem, this study proposes a traffic light timing optimization scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). In this scheme, the traffic lights can output an appropriate phase according to the traffic flow state of each direction at the intersection and dynamically adjust the phase length. Specifically, we first adopt Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to improve the convergence speed of the model. Then, we elaborate the design of state, action, and reward, with the vehicle state defined by Discrete Traffic State Encoding (DTSE) method. Finally, we conduct experiments on real traffic data via the traffic simulation platform SUMO. The results show that, compared to the traditional timing control, the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the waiting time of vehicles and queue length in various traffic flow modes.
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Yadi, Mul, Rinto Yulianto, and T. n. Syamsah. "APPLICATION TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TASK." DE RECHTSSTAAT 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2015): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v1i2.456.
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ABSTRACT In the exercise of police discretion, the Traffic Unit officers Bogor City Police guided by Article 18 paragraph (2) of Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Indonesian National Police "In the circumstances it is necessary to pay attention to laws and regulations, as well as the Code of Professional Ethics of Indonesian Police". One example of the application of police discretion were conducted by the Traffic Police Unit Bogor City to tackle congestion in the city of Bogor, especially at traffic light Bogor Palace is to regulate traffic density without referring to the traffic light. Identify the problem in research 1) How does the application of police discretion in setting tasks traffic? 2) What positive and negative impacts discretionary actions carried out by the police in traffic control? The purpose of this study are as follows: 1) To determine and analyze on the application of police discretion in setting tasks traffic, and 2) To determine and analyze the impact of the actions undertaken by the police discretion in the regulation of traffic. The research method used in this research is normative juridical approach that is used legis positivist concept which states that the law is identical with the norms made written and enacted by institutions or authorities. In addition this concept also saw law as a normative system that is autonomous, closed and detached from public life. The conclusion from this study is the adoption of police discretion in the task of traffic management needs to recognize the Professional Ethics of Police, as very fundamental and important and substantial influence on both the poor implementation of police discretion in the regulation of traffic. Keywords: Discretion Police, Traffic Management
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Pudjaprasetya, Sri Redjeki, and Dear Michiko Noor. "An Analysis of A Three-Phase Versus A Four-Phase Traffic Lights Regulation for A Four-Leg Intersection." Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society 26, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.26.2.823.192-201.
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Traffic management of intersections is an important factor that can determine traffic density at the intersection, as well as its surrounding. Long traffic queues we encounter in daily life, were often caused by ineffectiveness of traffic lights management of the cross sections.In this article, an analytic study of traffic light management of a four-leg intersection, based on the kinematic LWR model, was presented. Comparison was based on observing the end of queues over three cycles of red-green lights, under the assumption of a constant traffic flux. On every leg of the intersection, the end of the queues were obtained from characteristic lines of the shock waves.From these observations, the three phase regulation was preferred over the four-phase one. Finally, a case study of Taman Sari - Baltos intersection located in Bandung City, Indonesia, was discussed. Parameter values used in these simulations were obtained from direct observation.
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Єресов, Володимир Іванович, and Вячеслав Едуардович Трушевський. "Calculation features of traffic light regulation regimesat the signal group control." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 3(70) (July 24, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.26270.
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Karmanov, Dmitriy, Dmitriy Zakharov, and Andrey Chistyakov. "Change of Traffic Parameters when Introduced Adaptive Method of Traffic Light Object Control." MATEC Web of Conferences 334 (2021): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133401034.
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The article is devoted to improving the quality of life in cities by implementing the concept of an “intelligent” city and developing an automated transport infrastructure. The following factors are considered in the work: the traffic intensity of vehicles and the mode of operation of traffic signal regulation. In work, the mode of operation of a traffic light is determined by an adaptive method. The main tool for increasing the capacity is the choice of the optimal ratio of phase coefficients and the optimal cycle time. Considered the influence of capacity on the parameters of road traffic, the environmental load from automobile transport. The dependence of the traffic parameters for different cycle times is established. A change in fuel consumption and in the content of harmful emissions for various traffic light modes is given. The justification is given for the necessity to change the traffic light mode after increasing the number of lanes in the street road network.
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Vitolin, S. V. "Basic Methodology of Traffic Management for the Street and Road Network of a Large City with Traffic Lights Regulation." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-148-155.
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The objective of the article is to develop a system of principles and methods aimed at improving management of transport flows on the street and road network of a large city with traffic lights regulation. The suggested methodology is based on the methods used in Russia and abroad to improve road traffic safety and quality, results of a survey of experts in the field of road design and traffic management, monitoring at regulated crossings, and analysis of road accidents in the city of Volgograd. The primary customer property of a regulated crossing is road safety. Elimination of causes of road traffic accidents associated with road traffic, structural geometric, signalling, and technical conditions is the most important task regarding a regulated crossing. Enhancing road traffic quality at low levels of network load supposed considering demand for transportation, increase in travel comfort, coordination, and flexibility of traffic lights operation. High degree of network load supposes that more attention is paid to traffic capacity of the street and road network elements, restrained access of vehicles to areas of greater congestion, increased duration of a green light cycle (for more than 120 seconds, if this does not affect traffic safety and network congestion degree).
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Vitolin, S. V. "Basic Methodology of Traffic Management for the Street and Road Network of a Large City with Traffic Lights Regulation." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-148-155.
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The objective of the article is to develop a system of principles and methods aimed at improving management of transport flows on the street and road network of a large city with traffic lights regulation. The suggested methodology is based on the methods used in Russia and abroad to improve road traffic safety and quality, results of a survey of experts in the field of road design and traffic management, monitoring at regulated crossings, and analysis of road accidents in the city of Volgograd. The primary customer property of a regulated crossing is road safety. Elimination of causes of road traffic accidents associated with road traffic, structural geometric, signalling, and technical conditions is the most important task regarding a regulated crossing. Enhancing road traffic quality at low levels of network load supposed considering demand for transportation, increase in travel comfort, coordination, and flexibility of traffic lights operation. High degree of network load supposes that more attention is paid to traffic capacity of the street and road network elements, restrained access of vehicles to areas of greater congestion, increased duration of a green light cycle (for more than 120 seconds, if this does not affect traffic safety and network congestion degree).
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Ridayati, Ridayati. "UJI BEDA PELANGGARAN TRAFFIC LIGHT BERDASARKAN LOKASI PELANGGARANNYA." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v8i2.120.
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The increasing of the vehicles flow on Yogya-Solo street causing congestion at some points in the Klaten district. The main cause of the congestion is the number of traffic violations which lead to the accidents. Bendogantungan, south Klaten, is one of the most congested point in this district. This study is aimed to determine the causes and the effects of traffic light violations and to examine the difference o f traffic light violations based on the point of violations in the intersection of bendogantungan, Yogya-Solo street. The results show that the practical mind-set of Klaten community in driving has created an instant community. Many people of that community have not realized yet on the importance of traffic regulation, this causes the number of accident. The result of analysis using SPSS 15 shows that there is a significant difference between the one way traffic violation at Empu Sedah street and eastward of Yogya-Solo street. The difference also appears between the one way traffic violations at Empu Sedah street and the westward of Yogya-Solo street. It also happens between the right turn of Ki Ageng Pandanaran street and the westward of Yogya-Solo street.
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Kliueva, A. V. "EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTING THE "SMART CITY" SYSTEM IN THE WORLD." System analysis and logistics 2, no. 28 (June 1, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/2077-5687-2021-2-120-128.
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The article describes a system called "Smart City" and its elements, presented in the generally recognized developed cities in this area around the world. The successful implementation of such technologies in Russia was also noted on the example of adaptive traffic light regulation in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Key words: city, traffic light, transport, adaptive management, ecology.
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Ikidid, Abdelouafi, Abdelaziz El Fazziki, and Mohammed Sadgal. "A Fuzzy Logic Supported Multi-Agent System For Urban Traffic And Priority Link Control." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 27, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 1026–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jucs.69750.
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Artificial technologies are rapidly becoming one of the most powerful and popular technologies for solving complicated problems involving distributed systems. Nevertheless, their potential for application to advanced artificial transportation systems has not been sufficiently explored. This paper presents a traffic optimization system based on agent technology and fuzzy logic that aims to manage road traffic, prioritize emergency vehicles, and promote collective modes of transport in smart cities. This approach aims to optimize traffic light control at a signalized intersection by acting on the length and order of traffic light phases in order to favor priority flows and fluidize traffic at an isolated intersection and for the whole multi-intersection network, through both inter- and intra-intersection collaboration and coordination. Regulation and prioritization decisions are made on real-time monitoring through cooperation, communication, and coordination between decentralized agents. The performance of the proposed system is investigated by implementing it in the AnyLogic simulator, using a section of the road network that contains priority links. The results indicate that our system can significantly increase the efficiency of the traffic regulation system.
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Tarasyan, V. S., and A. O. Gryaznov. "Applicability of genetic algorithms for confi guring fuzzy traÈ c control systems at intersections." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-3-4-11.
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The paper demonstrates a method for optimizing a fuzzy controller through a genetic algorithm that uses an elitism strategy. A simplified model of a regulated four-way intersection was used as the object of regulation, describing an intersection with one lane of traffic in each direction. A series of computer experiments on optimization of the fuzzy controller was performed for the set values of the traffic intensity. The results of several runs, each with the duration of the simulation was limited to ten generations, demonstrated repeatability of the settings, on the basis of which a conclusion about the achievement of the maximum efficiency control method was made. The results of modeling traffic light regulation in three variants are compared: 1) fixed duration of traffic light phases, 2) the rule base for the fuzzy controller is compiled by an expert method, and 3) the rule base for the fuzzy controller is optimized by a special evolutionary algorithm. It is shown that the average tube length for the optimized regulator in the experiments sought to the minimum value (about 11 vehicles, which is almost twice less than in the preparation of the expert rule base of a fuzzy controller and about four times less than for a fixed cycle traffic light).
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Suleimen, A. А., G. B. Kashaganova, G. B. Issayeva, B. R. Absatarova, and M. C. Ibraev. "OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT OF URBAN LIGHTS WITH THE USE OF NEURAL NETWORKS." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.2.
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One of the most pressing problems of large cities is the problem of traffic management of vehicles. The reason for this problem is an imperfect way to manage traffic flows. Traffic light regulation is of particular importance in traffic management. Most modern traffic light control systems operate at set time intervals and are not able to cope with the constantly changing situation on the road. A promising direction for solving this problem is to optimize the system using artificial neural networks. The advantage of neural networks is self-learning, which allows the system to adapt to the changing situation on the road. Despite numerous attempts, it has not yet been possible to obtain a high-quality mathematical model of urban traffic management. This model should determine the functional dependence of transport flow parameters on control parameters. Nowadays, traffic flows are regulated everywhere by means of traffic lights. If we can get a fairly accurate mathematical model of traffic flows, we can determine the optimal duration of the traffic signal phases to achieve the maximum capacity of the road network node. A fairly accurate mathematical model of traffic management that works in predictive mode will display an estimate of the optimal control parameters, as well as make correct decisions in emergency situations. Well-known mathematical models of road traffic take into account only the average values of traffic flows, and not the exact number of cars on each road section at a particular time.
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Nimac, Peter, Andrej Krpič, Boštjan Batagelj, and Andrej Gams. "Pedestrian Traffic Light Control with Crosswalk FMCW Radar and Group Tracking Algorithm." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051754.
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The increased mobility requirements of modern lifestyles put more stress on existing traffic infrastructure, which causes reduced traffic flow, especially in peak traffic hours. This calls for new and advanced solutions in traffic flow regulation and management. One approach towards optimisation is a transition from static to dynamic traffic light intervals, especially in spots where pedestrian crossing cause stops in road traffic flow. In this paper, we propose a smart pedestrian traffic light triggering mechanism that uses a Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar for pedestrian detection. Compared to, for example, camera-surveillance systems, radars have advantages in the ability to reliably detect pedestrians in low-visibility conditions and in maintaining privacy. Objects within a radar’s detection range are represented in a point cloud structure, in which pedestrians form clusters where they lose all identifiable features. Pedestrian detection and tracking are completed with a group tracking (GTRACK) algorithm that we modified to run on an external processor and not integrated into the used FMCW radar itself. The proposed prototype has been tested in multiple scenarios, where we focused on removing the call button from a conventional pedestrian traffic light. The prototype responded correctly in practically all cases by triggering the change in traffic signalization only when pedestrians were standing in the pavement area directly in front of the zebra crossing.
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Anisimov, Ilya, Anastasia Burakova, Olga Burakova, and Lyudmila Burakova. "Evaluation of the traffic signal regulation efficiency of crossroads with unstable transport demand by time." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817005013.
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The article describes the results of the research, whose goal is to assess the effectiveness of the traffic light operation at crossroads with unstable transport demand in terms of time and directions. The modern way of cities development consists in creation of sustainable, and, hence, safe, harmless and comfortable environment for residing. This determines the separation of urban and industrial areas, the creation of transport infrastructure, in particular crossroads, which are equipped with traffic lights. As a rule, it is characterized by unstable transport demand in the direction of entry and exit from the territory of enterprises, which causes an inadvertent increase in the idle time of vehicles in the main direction. In the course of experimental studies, the authors found that the crossroads under consideration are parts of the road network that connect the industrial and urban areas, which causes a high traffic intensity in the main areas. At the same time, the share of ineffective resolving phase for entry and exit from the territory of the enterprise reaches 70-80%, which increases the idle time of vehicles in the main direction. The authors proposed an indicator that characterizes the proportion of inefficient operation of the traffic signal.
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Andronov, R. V., E. Eh Leverents, D. A. Genze, and E. N. Legostaeva. "The influence of traffic management at a regulated intersection on the uniformity of traffic capacity." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 6 (2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-6-179-185.
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The paper deals with the issue of uniformity indicator of the traffic capacity at the regulated intersections from the standpoint of the traffic management, emphasizing the importance of accounting the value of uniformity, in addition to the value on the traffic performance. The schemes of traffic management are provided, where the interferences, due to turning vehicles and the movement of pedestrians in one phase, reduce the uniformity of the traffic capacity. This reduces the efficiency of traffic light regulation and increases the queue length and overall vehicle delays. The conclusions of the study are confirmed by carrying out a multiple-factor testing with the search for statistically significant coefficients.
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Dorohin, Sergei, Dmitrii Lihachev, Sergei Bogdanov, and Aleksei Sorokin. "ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF ENTERING A SPECIALIZED LEFT-STEERING PHASE REGULATION." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 4, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2311-8873-2021-4-4-51-63.
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The paper analyzes the foreign and Russian approach to the calculation of a controlled intersection, defines the basic principles and approaches used in the construction of phase-by-phase crossing schemes. The classification of the ap-proaches used is carried out taking into account foreign and domestic experience. In the course of the analysis of regulatory sources, it was found that there are many approaches to the choice of the organization of the traffic scheme in regulated areas. Particular attention in this matter is paid to the introduction of a specialized phase for performing a left turn, basically this choice is made by a design engineer, based mainly on the demand for performing a left turn, without analyzing the main characteristics of the traffic flow, namely the queue length, speed and traffic delays. funds. The main design parameters used to determine the need to enter a specialized left-turn phase when using traffic light control have been determined.
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Меженков and A. Mezhenkov. "EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE CRITERION FOR EVALUATING TRAFFIC SAFETY AT REGULATE CROSSROADS." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19494.
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In work substantiates and defines the object of experimental research, which is the transport flows at intersections with traffic light regulation with strict software control. After the collection and processing of source data have been identified according the criteria of safety assessment statistics of road accident. Based on the results of experimental research, clarified the criterion for evaluating traffic safety at regulate crossroads, the characteristics of the interaction of transport flows on them
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Khitrov, Igor, Mykhailo Krystopchuk, Oleg Tson, and Oleg Pochuzhevskiy. "Analysis of transport delays in the central part of the city and ways to reduce them." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 14, no. 2 (January 2022): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2021-14-2-131-139.
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The main task in ensuring the appropriate level of organization of traffic on the street and road network of cities is to minimize traffic delays, increase traffic safety, provide transport and pedestrian communication between the planning elements of the city. Problems caused by the deterioration of the street and road network significantly affect the work of the entire transport complex of the city. Significant traffic delays, congestion, characterized by increased travel time, deterioration of transport services, increased pollution of urban environment due to increased emissions and noise, increasing the number of road accidents indicate the inconsistency of the road network of cities to the modern level of motorization. To ensure the required capacity of the elements of the road network, there is a need to create appropriate road conditions, namely the construction of new and reconstruction of existing engineering structures and elements of streets and roads. However, addressing these issues may not always improve the performance of the entire network, as, in parallel with technical measures based on the construction and reconstruction of transport infrastructure, the application of effective traffic management measures to manage traffic in urban areas should be addressed streets. When creating conditions for optimizing the operation of regulated intersections, it is necessary to take into account the technical condition of vehicles, road conditions and the condition of the road surface. One of the main tasks of any traffic organization is to increase the capacity of intersections and reduce vehicle delays, ie the passage of traffic lights with minimal delay. To solve the problem of congestion of the street and road network of the city is to increase the efficiency and use of coordinated management of traffic and pedestrian flows, improving the operation of traffic lights. To implement the introduction of coordinated traffic light regulation, or the so-called green wave, it is necessary to establish the intensity and composition of traffic flows, the capacity of the elements of the road network and the modes of operation of traffic light facilities. The paper considers the results of the study of the impact of coordinated traffic management in the central part of Rivne on reducing traffic delays when passing intersections by vehicles and proposed technical solutions to improve road safety by equipping intersections with additional technical means of traffic control.
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Li, Wen, Hongying Zhang, Zhaoguo Huang, and Chenhui Li. "Human-Vehicle Intersection Traffic Lights Timing Optimization Research." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5549454.
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The purpose of this research is to find a traffic light timing optimization scheme. During the research, an intersection between Xi’an Mingguang road and the Fourth FengCheng road was chosen to analyze the crossing time distribution of pedestrians who were separated from west-to-the-right-turn vehicles during which the method of breaking off both ends of pedestrian green light signals was used. The VISSIM software was used for traffic simulation, aimed at improving traffic volume and right-turning vehicle average speed for less vehicle queuing delays, less human-vehicle conflicts, and better security for pedestrians without excessive interruption on their street crossing efficiency. The optimal scheme is obtained and the result shows that (1) the number of passing vehicles remains unchanged, with the queuing delay reduced by 5.78% and crosswalk passing speed increased by 19.01% compared with the original one. (2) As the scheme effect is positively correlated with the increase of right turn vehicle numbers, the scheme could be adopted for urban traffic management based on the local situation, which is not only in peak traffic hours but also in the flat peak time to ensure vehicle efficiency and pedestrian safety in the light of “vehicle yielding to pedestrians” regulation. (3) The scheme could also be adopted in cities with no “vehicle yielding to pedestrians” policy for both people-vehicle separation and pedestrian safety when crossing streets.
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Ganzin, S. V., D. D. Silchenkov, and Yu A. Silchenkova. "DETERMINATION OF THE BANDWIDTH OF THE TRAFFIC LANE OF THE CIRCULAR PART OF THE CIRCULAR INTERSECTION WITH TRAFFIC LIGHT REGULATION AND A CUT-THROUGH CENTRAL ISLAND." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 2 (2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-2-79.
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The capacity of a road (street) is the maximum number of cars that a section of a road (street) can pass per unit of time in one or two directions in the considered road and weather and climatic conditions. In science, there are several approaches to determine the capacity: models based on dynamic models of traffic flow, the model of Birul A. K., Silyanov V. V., Tribunsky V. M., Khomyak Ya. V., Bilyatinsky A. A. and etc. In a practical way, they divide: theoretical, practical and maximum throughput. In the Russian Federation, there are a large number of guidelines for its determination. However, for a circular intersection with traffic light regulation and a cut-through central island (hereinafter referred to as KPSRPTSO), no such recommendations have been presented. After analyzing this traffic organization scheme, it was for the first time proposed to determine the capacity of the traffic lane of the KPSRPTSO half-ring. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of the KPSRPTSO by determining the theoretical bandwidth of the traffic lane of a semi-ring of a traffic intersection. The article hypothesizes that the investigated theoretical throughput depends on two factors: the diameter of the traffic junction ring and the effective duration of regulation for the main road. To substantiate the adequacy of the calculations, the simulation method was used in the Aimsun software package (micromodeling). On the basis of data from field surveys of sections of the road network, a simulation model was created with a high degree of reliability, reflecting the current situation at regulated intersections, and the effectiveness of design solutions when organizing the KPSRPTSO was assessed. The relationship between the theoretical bandwidth of the KPSRPTSO half-ring and the diameter of the ring and the effective duration of regulation for the main road has been established. Comparison of the experimental data with the calculated values performed according to the recommendations of the methodological literature shows a discrepancy from 1% to 13%, which shows the qualitative convergence of the data. Further research involves the development of a methodology for calculating the parameters of the KPSRPTSO.
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Shevtsova, Anastasiya, Ivan Novikov, and Alexey Borovskoy. "Driver's Reaction Time in Evaluation of the Road Capacity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.1212.
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The paper gives an overview of researches of foreign scientists to change the driver's reaction time, depending on various road conditions, namely regarding the change of studied magnitude when using traffic-light signalization. Previously, the authors have carried out researches of capacity of road section with traffic light regulation, which allowed to establish the dependence of this parameter from the driver's reaction time. This paper proposes calculation of the road capacity using a variety values of the driver's reaction time derived from the analysis. The values obtained allow us to conclude that the inclusion of psychophysiological characteristics of drivers (such as reaction time) will affect both on road capacity and on the different methods of organization/reorganization of road networks sectors, which use the value of road capacity in their implementation.This article analyzes foreign researches devoted to changing the reaction time of drivers on the road conditions. Besides, the effect of changing the driver's reaction time on capacity of the road network sector with traffic-light control was considered.
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Leverents, Evgeny, Roman Andronov, and Tatiyana Anufrieva. "Simulation of queue length and vehicle delays on signal-controlled intersection." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817005010.
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The extensive use of information technology in the field of traffic control will increase the traffic capacity of intersection points and transports. To assess the efficacy of changing options for the road traffic organization or the reorganization of intersection points, you need to know the average delay in vehicles and the length of the queue. The adaptive traffic light control is one of such tools. Simulation modeling of traffic flows use for the definition of its work. The aim of this work is to create a simulation model of controlled intersection, which can evaluate the efficiency of the application the adaptive regulation in various traffic situations, including the availability or deficiency of pedestrian traffic through the intersection. The numerical experiment in in the model pass with using of the Monte Carlo method, which can to draw a conclusion about the calculated parameter on the basis of the result of the reproduction of the calculation model.
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Nizam, M. Taufik, Puji Astuti, and Mardianto Manan. "PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG ALTERNATIF PEMECAHAN MASALAH TRANSPORTASI DI JALAN RIAU KOTA PEKANBARU." Jurnal Teknik Sipil Unaya 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/jtsu.v2i1.17.
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Riau street in Pekanbaru classified as secondary arterial roads with solid activit s so susceptible to the problem of traffic. The physical condition of damaged roads, land use mix and irregular, activities of right and left side crowded streets, parking inadequate, lack of public transport, and the behavior of road users who are not orderly, is the picture of the problem of traffic that occurs on the Riau street. This is supported also by the growth in the number of private vehicles. The accumulation of a variety of symptoms that led to the road capacity can no longer accommodate the volume of passing vehicles, causing traffic delays. One way to unravel this problem is to assess the public's perception of road users alternative solutions to problems related to urban transport in Riau street. The method used is descriptive quantitative with the number of respondents 100 people and supported by a statement from the policy holder of the traffic in the city of Pekanbaru . Public perception related factors causing transportation problems in Riau street is the traffic policy is less strict in discipline of road users, the traffic volume exceeds the capacity of the road, setting traffic light rigid, road users are not orderly, parking space is limited, public transport is limited, and the illegal parking. Alternative solutions is the increase in traffic policy, modify or regulate the flow of traffic, optimization of public transport facilities and infrastructure, restrictions on the use of private vehicles, road widening, traffic lights adjustment, socialization regulation and enforcement, and the construction of flyovers..
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Katerinin, Konstantin, and Bulat Sanzhapov. "Optimization of the traffic light regulation parameters on the urban road network in order to minimize the negative environmental impact." E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913801024.
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A large number of vehicles in cities has a significant negative impact on the environmental situation. Today, economic measures are actively applied to reduce the number of vehicles used with internal combustion engines, and new technical solutions are being introduced to reduce exhaust toxicity. However, the potential of these approaches to improving the environmental situation in cities is very limited and has already been almost fully realized. Therefore, the huge potential to minimize environmental damage, in an increasing number of vehicles in large cities, is to optimize the parameters of traffic flows. The key role here is played by the scheme of traffic light control, to the consideration of the optimality parameters of which this work is devoted.
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Renkas, A., D. Rudenko, and V. Tovaryanskyy. "ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF INTERSECTIONS WITH INTENSIVE TRAFFIC AND PEDESTRIAN FLOWS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 23 (July 1, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.23.2021.09.
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Introduction. Problematic sections of the road network are intersections with high traffic intensity of conflicting pedestrian and traffic flow, in particular, right and left turns. At such crossings, there are significant traffic delays. In the case of vehicles turning left or right at an intersection when passing at a traffic light signal that allows traffic, should give way to pedestrians crossing the roadway on the crosswalk. In the case of high intensity of pedestrian traffic, it is impossible to complete the turn of such vehicles, they remain at the intersection, so there are significant traffic delays for returning vehicles.Purpose. Therefore, the work aims to study the interaction of traffic and pedestrian flows with high intensity at regulated intersections to improve their capacity.Methods. To study the parameters of traffic flows, in particular, the length of congestion, we used traffic flow models, which include a psychophysiological model of following a vehicle moving in front, and a model based on traffic rules. To model, pedestrian flows the Wiedemann model was used. The leastsquares method was used to obtain empirical nonlinear dependences of congestion length on the intensities of conflicting pedestrian and traffic flows.Results. The paper uses known methods for solving applied problems in the field of traffic for some unique cases, namely the intersection of intensive -traffic and pedestrian flows. Studies of road and pedestrian traffic parameters at crossings have shown that the length of congestion significantly depends on the intensity of traffic flow, but with increas-ing intensity of pedestrian traffic more than 1000 people/h, the length of congestion changes insignificantly. If there are trams at the intersection, the length of congestion increases by an average of 1.14% and depends significantly on the intensity of traffic and pedestrian flows.It is proposed to introduce three-phase traffic light regulation on such sections when one of the phases allows traffic only for pedestrians. The simulation results showed that the length of congestion in the absence of rail vehicles on the approaches to the intersection decreases by an average of 45.3% and is weakly dependent on the intensity of pedestrian flows. If there are rail vehicles at the crossing, the length of congestion can reduce by an average of 13.7%. But in some cases may increase.Conclusion. The research methodology presented in this paper can be used for intersections with another traffic organization scheme to justify the feasibility of introducing threephase traffic light control when one of the phases allows traffic only to pedestrians.
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Titu, Aurel Mihail, Andrei Alexandru Boroiu, Sorin Mihailescu, Alina Bianca Pop, and Alexandru Boroiu. "Assessment of Road Noise Pollution in Urban Residential Areas—A Case Study in Piteşti, Romania." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084053.
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The paper addresses the problem of urban road noise, in the context of the European legislative requirements regarding noise pollution. The second noise mapping in Pitesti city, revealed that despite the proposed action plan after the first noise mapping, the noise pollution increased instead of decreasing. Considering that the proposed measures were insufficient to control road noise in the conditions of the estimated increase in road traffic, the authors developed complex research to identify how the road noise level is determined by the way of regulation of road traffic at intersections of the residential zone. Thus, noise and traffic measurements are made at the main road intersections in the central part of the city, determining the most relevant noise indicators for the specifics of urban traffic and residential areas. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that roundabouts bring a reduction in noise pollution compared to traffic light intersections only if the speed of vehicles in the roundabout is predictable: on preselected lanes and with speed timing.
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Destanović, Emira. "ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING STATE OF THE CROSSROADS AND PROPOSAL OF A SOLUTION OF REGULATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC BY PRESENTATION OF MODELING BY PTV - VISSIM SOFTWARE." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 3 (June 5, 2019): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3103799d.
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The plan of this paper is focused on road traffic, regulating the intersection with light traffic signs and providing proposals for the planned strategic solution for achieving sustainability. It defines concrete activities and programs that will contribute to the sustainable development of the area based on the analysis of the current state of traffic. Through the implementation of the strategic plan, this plan will maintain urban mobility, the rapid passage of all traffic participants, also the conditions to fulfill the sustainable development that global experts have designated as; Ensure easy and healthy life with less air pollution for all traffic users, access to reliable traffic regulation programs, maintain modern energy to encourage new innovations in the form of transport. Build a resilient infrastructure by analyzing software simulations, and foster innovation by fostering the use of new technology. The strategic problems of developed cities require careful consideration and implementation of innovative approaches to creating strategic solutions. Contemporary ways of innovative arrangements and programs, based on sound regulation, are increasingly being used in practice, replacing new urban development instruments that are more appropriate to the needs of public administration and the possibilities of civilization. Global problems and accelerated dynamics of urban growth, above all, imply the use of innovative technology. The criterion for implementing the efficiency of technology in reaching the provision of an adequate quality of life. Strategic solution, which is implemented in the software as one of the newest urban development instruments, is specifically aimed at achieving the set goals, while respecting the principle of sustainability of traffic regulation, which is a strategic issue in many countries. Its basic characteristic is due to the development policies and the desired future through the dialogue of the wide traffic network. To make cities and other settlements, safe, resistant and sustainable strategic promotion of better development planning and incentivize modeling on the PTV VISION platform. Creating this plan will enable all future projects and ideas to be based on the unique programs provided by the software to ensure the consistency of the strategic approach. This means that the same importance will be attached to large infrastructure projects, as well as to projects of peaceful traffic planning or improvement of local main roads. The 'PTV-VISSIM' software program becomes an umbrella document for all transport and transport planning activities in this regard. The desired direction will be established and the key initiatives for the realization of the strategy for the next few years will be presented.
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HUANG, WEI, GUANGYU WU, and GUO-YONG WANG. "Cell type-specific and light-dependent expression of Rab1 and Rab6 GTPases in mammalian retinas." Visual Neuroscience 26, no. 5-6 (November 2009): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523809990277.
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AbstractThe Ras-like Rab1 and Rab6 GTPases modulate protein traffic along the early secretory pathway and are involved in the regulation of maturation of rhodopsin in the outer retina. However, Rab GTPases have not been studied in the inner retinas. Here, we analyzed the anatomatic distribution and expression of Rab1 and Rab6 in the mouse and rat retinas by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. We found that Rab1 was specifically expressed in the rod bipolar cells, while Rab6 was expressed in a different cell type(s) from rod bipolar cells in the inner retina. We also demonstrated that expression of Rab1 and Rab6 was increased with light. These data provided the first evidence implicating that Rab1 and Rab6 may be involved in the regulation of the retinal adaptation.
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Mallory, Conall. "A Traffic-Light System of State Arguments before the European Court of Human Rights." European Convention on Human Rights Law Review 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 181–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10009.
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Abstract Despite an often-tense relationship between Contracting Parties and those who administer the echr, the atmosphere within the Court remains relatively peaceful. I suggest that this harmony is the result of a traffic-light system of state arguments: ‘green’ for acceptable orthodox arguments, ‘amber’ for more dubious submissions, and ‘red’ for contentions that exceed the parameters of appropriate conduct. Using Stanley Fish’s theory of interpretive communities, I contend that the determining factor behind the acceptability of an argument is the reaction that it receives from the other stakeholders within the Convention system. The harmony is therefore the product of an implicit system of internal regulation. While this stability is to be celebrated, given the present global backlash against human rights, and ‘Strasbourg bashing’ more specifically, it is not to be taken for granted.
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Brustovetsky, Tatiana, Rajesh Khanna, and Nickolay Brustovetsky. "CRMP2 Is Involved in Regulation of Mitochondrial Morphology and Motility in Neurons." Cells 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 2781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102781.
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Regulation of mitochondrial morphology and motility is critical for neurons, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that these mechanisms may involve collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). CRMP2 is attached to neuronal mitochondria and binds to dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), Miro 2, and Kinesin 1 light chain (KLC1). Treating neurons with okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, resulted in increased CRMP2 phosphorylation at Thr509/514, Ser522, and Thr555, and augmented Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616. The CRMP2-binding small molecule (S)-lacosamide ((S)-LCM) prevented an OA-induced increase in CRMP2 phosphorylation at Thr509/514 and Ser522 but not at Thr555, and also failed to alleviate Drp1 phosphorylation. The increased CRMP2 phosphorylation correlated with decreased CRMP2 binding to Drp1, Miro 2, and KLC1. (S)-LCM rescued CRMP2 binding to Drp1 and Miro 2 but not to KLC1. In parallel with CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation, OA increased mitochondrial fission and suppressed mitochondrial traffic. (S)-LCM prevented OA-induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology and motility. Deletion of CRMP2 with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in increased mitochondrial fission and diminished mitochondrial traffic. Overall, our data suggest that the CRMP2 expression level and phosphorylation state are involved in regulating mitochondrial morphology and motility in neurons.
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Ahmad, Sanjana, and David L. Greene. "Effect of Fuel Economy on Automobile Safety." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1941, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194100101.
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Since 1975, the fuel economy of passenger cars and light trucks has been regulated by the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards, established during the energy crises of the 1970s. Calls to increase fuel economy are usually met by a fierce debate on the effectiveness of the CAFE standards and their impact on highway safety. A seminal study of the link between CAFE and traffic fatalities was published by R. W. Crandall and J. D. Graham in 1989. They linked higher fuel economy levels to decreases in vehicle weight and correlated the decline in new car weight with about a 20% increase in occupant fatalities. The time series available to them, 1947–1981, includes only the first 4 years of fuel economy regulation, but any statistical relationship estimated over such a short period is questionable. This paper reexamines the relationship between U.S. light-duty vehicle fuel economy and highway fatalities from 1966 to 2002. Cointegration analysis reveals that the stationary linear relationships between the average fuel economy of passenger cars and light trucks and highway fatalities are negative: higher miles per gallon is significantly correlated with fewer fatalities. Log–log models are not stable and tend to produce statistically insignificant (negative) relationships between fuel economy and traffic fatalities. These results do not definitively establish a negative relationship between light-duty vehicle fuel economy and highway fatalities; instead they demonstrate that national aggregate statistics cannot support the assertion that increased fuel economy has led to increased traffic fatalities.
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Alijanov, Donyorbek Dilshodovich, and Utkirbek Akramjonovich Axmadaliyev. "The Pecularities Of Automatic Headlights." American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 02, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume02issue10-03.
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Today, the types of vehicles and their functions are increasing, creating favorable conditions for humans. Sensors play an important role in performing functions such as driving, tracking, traffic regulation. The main function of sensors is to receive incoming information and transmit it to other forms of data. For example, we can take photoelectric sensors. Photoelectric sensors receive incoming light current and transmit information in the form of electrical voltage.
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Kapskiy, D. V., D. V. Navoy, and P. A. Pegin. "Development of Model for Traffic Flows on Urban Street and Road Network." Science & Technique 18, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-1-47-54.
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The paper considers issues pertaining to creation of a model for controlling road traffic with the purpose to minimize delays on street and road network, which is proposed as an innovative one while developing an intelligent transport system of the large city that is Minsk. The developed model has a complex structure of algorithmic support. The first-level model has been implemented on the basis of fuzzy logic, for which a program has been developed and conditions have been determined, and operation of traffic light at a real local intersection of Minsk, which is included in the automated traffic management system, has been simulated. Innovation in the first-level model is an approach in determining conditions while detecting a fuzzy set without using a standard algorithm that is an algorithm of local flexible regulation. The paper proposes and investigates a model that works on the basis of operationally obtained parameters of traffic flow intensity at characteristic points (sections) of street and road network. Efficiency of the first-level model has been equal to 8 % due to optimization of a traffic light cycle (reduction of transport delays during passage of stop lines). Results of the simulation using the proposed computer program have made it possible to improve efficiency of traffic management on the studied highway (Logoysky trakt) in Minsk city of Minsk by 15 % due to decrease of delay level in case of unilateral coordination. The algorithm has been already implemented as part of the current automated traffic management system in the city of Minsk and it has shown its efficiency. However this efficiency can be increased if it is used together with an algorithm for searching maximum volume of motion in a cycle with a distributed intensity pulse. It has been planned to take into account this specific feature when increasing possibilities for algorithmization of traffic management.
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Macía Morillo, Andrea. "El contrato o estipulación a favor de tercero a la luz del Derecho comparado y del moderno Derecho de contratos." Anuario de Derecho Civil, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 559–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.53054/adc.v73i2.3850.
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The contract or stipulation for the benefit of third parties is a figure that is enshrined in most national legal systems and that has also been subject to regulation by the modern law of contracts´ texts. Imposed by the needs of traffic, it is contemplated by the succinct article 1257 of the Spanish Civil code. However, since it lacks an elaborate and detailed structure, this legal figure is amenable to ambiguity and the solution to its problems has come by the hand of the Spanish scholars and jurisprudence, although not always in a unanimous fashion. Thus, there is a need for a better and more detailed regulation of the stipulation for the benefit of third parties in order to provide a definitive legal certainty to the matter. In the light of a potential future course of action regulating this legal structure in our legal system, an understanding of common traits of its present regulation is paramount. The paper aims to unravel those common traits in the national legal systems of our immediate sphere and in the texts of the modern law of contracts.
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Mendes de Leon, Pablo. "The Operation of Traffic Rights in the Post- Brexit Era: A Cost-Benefit Analysis." Air and Space Law 46, Special Issue (October 1, 2021): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2021040.
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On 30 December 2019, the European Union (EU) and Euratom, of the one part, and the United Kingdom (UK) of the other part, concluded an Agreement on Trade and Cooperation following the withdrawal of the UK from the EU. This agreement contains provisions on air transport, including the operation of traffic rights. It entered into force on 1 May 2020. The present essay will analyse the regulation of traffic rights in relation to the situation which governed the aviation relations between the two parties before said withdrawal, that is, the regime set forth by EU Regulation 1008/2008 on Common Rules for the Operation of Air Services in the Community. It will also look at the conduct of external aviation relations of the EU, while considering general air law provisions. In light of the previous state of the law, and similar arrangements made between jurisdictions aiming at the promotion of liberalization of trade and air services, it will be concluded that the restrictions on the operation of these traffic rights are relatively strict. Moreover, aviation, including traffic rights, has been approached in a rather pragmatic fashion, also meaning that the governance of the operation of air transport from an international and European law perspective has not always been appreciated. It is to be hoped that the parties will be able to establish a more liberal relationship in the future. Traffic rights, operation of air services, division of competencies, level playing field, fair competition, the EU internal market on air transport, air services agreements, the global framework
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Kokot, Rajnhardt. "Z problematyki prawnokarnej oceny zbiegnięcia sprawcy z miejsca przestępstwa drogowego." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 53 (February 1, 2020): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.53.2.
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On criminal-law issues of the assassment of an offender fleeing the scene of an traffic crimeOn the grounds of criminal-law research, the article tries to conduct a dispute analysis of the issues of a legal evaluation of “the fleeing” of a road traffic participant from the scene of the communication event. The subject of the analysis is not only the concept of “the escape” — its subjective aspect — but also its perception on the grounds of the past and the presently applicable legal solutions. Attention was drawn to the change in function that these circumstances fulfilled and to how, within years, its influence on justice in cases of communication crimes — from the circumstances restricting the dimension of punishment in the phase of judicial substantiation, via creation of the marks of the qualified type of forbidden act, to a general cumulative premise of extraordinary restriction of punishment. One of the leading ideas of this work is the case of the ratio legis regulation of the fleeing of the road traffic participant from the scene of the communication event. In light of the accepted legal solutions it is unclear what determines its object of protection, and so the protection of which legal goods this regulation serves.
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Chen, An, and Peter Hieber. "OPTIMAL ASSET ALLOCATION IN LIFE INSURANCE: THE IMPACT OF REGULATION." ASTIN Bulletin 46, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 605–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2016.12.
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AbstractIn a typical equity-linked life insurance contract, the insurance company is entitled to a share of return surpluses as compensation for the return guarantee granted to the policyholders. The set of possible contract terms might, however, be restricted by a regulatory default constraint — a fact that can force the two parties to initiate sub-optimal insurance contracts. We show that this effect can be mitigated if regulatory policy is more flexible. We suggest that the regulator implement a traffic light system where companies are forced to reduce the riskiness of their asset allocation in distress. In a utility-based framework, we show that the introduction of such a system can increase the benefits of the policyholder without deteriorating the benefits of the insurance company. At the same time, default probabilities (and thus solvency capital requirements) can be reduced.
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Chatzipanagiotis, Michael. "Liability Aspects of Air Traffic Services Provision." Air and Space Law 32, Issue 4/5 (September 1, 2007): 326–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2007036.
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Air Traffic Services (ATS) provision is a critical link in the safe and expedient conduct of international air transport. In case of an aviation accident, liability for ATS provision is an important and complex parameter to be examined. This Article attempts to shed light on the main aspects of such liability. The first part of the Article concerns traditional issues, i.e. problems that lawyers have always encountered. First of all, the legal nature of ATS liability is examined. Then, its scope is analyzed by reference to the objectives of ATS, the relation of the air traffic controller (ATCO) with the pilot-in-command of the aircraft, and the failure of automatic equipment. Subsequently, mention is made to the personal civil liability of the ATCO, jurisdictional problems, liability of regional ATS organizations, and insurance issues. Last, a short analysis of criminal liability arising out of ATS safety occurrences is made. The second part of the Article deals with recent developments posing new legal challenges. First, questions pertaining to functional separation between service provision and regulation of ATS are presented. Second, problems arising out of cross-border service provision are examined, especially if there is no formalized delegation agreement. Afterwards, liability matters regarding the Single European Sky (SES) initiative of the European Community are analyzed. Finally, some thoughts on the recent trend to criminalize aviation safety occurrences are put forward.
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Komarov, Yu Ya, S. V. Ganzin, and D. D. Silchenkov. "DETERMINATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE F. WEBSTER FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE TRANSPORT DELAY AT A CIRCULAR INTERSECTION WITH TRAFFIC LIGHT REGULATION AND A CUT-THROUGH CENTRAL ISLAND." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 1 (2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-1-76.
Full textAbstract:
The main method of determining transport delay in the national methodical and educational literature is its calculation according to the methodology (formula) of F. Webster (1958), which is based on the theory of mass service. However, in conditions of high traffic congestion or traffic congestion, experimental and calculated data at simple intersections vary considerably. The definition of delays for complex intersections, in particular for the Hamburger Through-About Intersection (further HTAI) is also contradictory. The aim of the study is to improve determine the area of application of F. Webster’s formula for a little-studied roundabouts HTAI. For the first time, the paper addresses the selection of parameters of the HTAI in urban settings, and also introduces a method of calculating transport delays depending on various factors. For the purpose of the study, the hypothesis is put forward that the application of the Webster formula depends on the intensity of traffic on the main and secondary roads, the degree of loading in directions and transport demand for left-turning traffic. According to the hypothesis, on the basis of the collected data, transport delays are calculated on the HTAI from the selected factors. To justify the adequacy of calculations, the method of simulation in the Aimsun (micro-modeling) software complex is used. On the basis of in-kind surveys of section of the road network, a high-reliability simulation model was created, reflecting the current situation at regulated intersection, and also assessed the feasibility of using the HTAI on a section of the road network. There are dependencies of transport delays on traffic in the main and secondary road, effective duration of the cycle of regulation on the main road, traffic on roundabout, the diameter of the islet for the HTAI. Thus, based on the resulting mathematical model, the range of application of the Webster formula is defined, which is affected by the number of lanes for the main and secondary roads, the degree of loading in directions and the number of lanes on the ring. Further research involves the development of a methodology for calculating the parameters of the HTAI.
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Banite, A. V., D. S. Deriaga, and O. V. Leonenko. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BY THE INTRODUCTION OF ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS." Automation on Transport 7, no. 4 (December 2021): 565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-4-565-583.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the prospects of improving the quality of traffi c in the junction of the urban street and road network through the introduction of intelligent transport systems, especially automatic traffi c control systems (ATCS). The paper analyzes the problems of implementing intelligent transport systems in urban conditions, taking into account the current regulatory framework. The classifi cation of local automated traffi c control systems according to the adaptability of traffi c light regulation to the changing parameters of traffi c fl ows is given. For the decision of a problem of practicability of introduction of ACSDS, the technique including construction of imitation models for more exact forecasting of eff ect of introduction of local ACSDS on the considered site of an urban street-road network is off ered. The application of the methodology is demonstrated on the example of the intersection of Engels Avenue and Suzdal Avenue in St. Petersburg. Two variants of the organization of control of phases of traffi c light objects are analyzed: static and adapted according to the time of day. The infl uence of ADCS implementation on average speed of vehicles and characteristics of traffi c jams in the junction in question was estimated based on simulation modeling in PTV Vissim. In accordance with the analysis, the prospects of introducing adaptive local ACSDS in the considered transport junction are described
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Kirveskari, Juha, Maaret Helintö, Jukka A. O. Moilanen, Timo Paavonen, Timo M. T. Tervo, and Risto Renkonen. "Hydrocortisone reduced in vivo, inflammation-induced slow rolling of leukocytes and their extravasation into human conjunctiva." Blood 100, no. 6 (September 15, 2002): 2203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-04-1017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hydrocortisone reduces the number of inflammatory leukocytes within tissues, but thus far the site of action on the multistep adhesion cascade leading to leukocyte extravasation has not been identified. We have recently developed a noninvasive in vivo reflected-light confocal microscopy technique to study this at sites of inflammation in human patients. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of preoperative intravenous hydrocortisone treatment on leukocyte trafficking after conjunctival inflammation induced by cataract surgery in human subjects in vivo. The surgery generated leukocyte rolling along the endothelial lining of conjunctival vessels. While preoperative hydrocortisone did not reduce the number of rolling cells, it significantly raised the velocity of individual rolling leukocytes and concomitantly reduced leukocyte emigration into conjunctival tissue. Immunohistology of conjunctival biopsies excised from the individuals studied provided circumstantial evidence that endothelial P-selectin might play a role in the surgery-induced up-regulation of the leukocyte rolling. Furthermore, hydrocortisone reduced surgery-induced P-selectin induction, suggesting a role for this selectin in the regulation of local leukocyte traffic into sites of inflammation in human conjunctiva. Taken together, these results suggest that control of the rolling velocity might be an effective way to adjust leukocyte traffic in vivo in human subjects.
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Shipman, Todd, Ron MacDonald, and Tom Byrnes. "Experiences and learnings from induced seismicity regulation in Alberta." Interpretation 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): SE15—SE21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0164.1.
Full textAbstract:
We have examined the experiences and learnings acquired through the implementation of the Alberta Energy Regulator’s (AER) subsurface order no. 2 (sub or no. 2) traffic light protocol (TLP). On 22 January 2015, a 4.4 [Formula: see text] seismic event occurred near a hydraulic fracturing operation in west-central Alberta and was felt by residents of the town of Fox Creek. On 19 February 2015, the AER issued sub or no. 2 to help manage induced seismicity, as related to hydraulic fracturing of the Duvernay zone in a prescribed area around Fox Creek. Sub or no. 2 requires operators affected by the order to conduct a seismic hazard assessment; prepare a monitoring, mitigation, and response plan; conduct seismic monitoring; and adhere to a TLP. Since sub or no. 2 was issued, two “red light” events (i.e., [Formula: see text]) have occurred in the area. Review and analysis of data and information collected under sub or no. 2 facilitate an improved understanding of the key geologic and operational controls on induced seismicity and allow for an assessment of the efficacy of industry practices and regulatory requirements. We still support the use of local magnitude [Formula: see text] for our TLP based on the purpose and outcomes provided by sub or no. 2. Conversations with operators have suggested that [Formula: see text] orientation should inform the wells’ trajectory with respect to critically stressed faults. The requirement of a response plan was part of the learning process developed under sub or no. 2. Through this exercise, the AER has developed a better understanding of the goals of the response plans, which were better defined through conversations with operators. Sub or no. 2 is consistent with the current state of the evolving science of induced seismicity and has the capacity to change as new information is obtained.
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Kapskiy, D. V., V. N. Shutst, and P. A. Pegin. "GRAPH MODEL OF VEHICLE CONFLICT INTERACTION AT VARIOUS CROSSROADS." Science & Technique 17, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-3-246-254.
Full textAbstract:
The paper introduces a new notion that is a graph of crossroad transport flows. It has been shown that the given graph serves as a unification of conflict graphs. The paper provides numerical characteristics of graphs on conflict interaction of transport flows in the process of their merging and intersection at crossroads of various configuration. The following construction of the graph has been carried out: merging graphs where their nodes correspond to conflicting flows and their edges indicate what flows enter into a merging conflict between themselves; intersection graphs where graph nodes correspond to conflicting flows and their edges indicate what flows enter into an intersection conflict between themselves. Taking into account the conflict interaction between traffic and pedestrian flows, traffic conditions and traffic trajectories before possible physical interaction the traffic flow graph takes such form which contains complete information about existing conflicts for the required intersection. As a result of the construction in accordance with theoretical aspects of a graph theory and actual interaction of transport and pedestrian flows at intersections, some regularities have been revealed that allow to estimate a danger of any particular intersection within the urban street-road network. The proposals can be identified as hazard markers of an object and that is especially topical with due account of available actual data on driving regimes, traffic light regulation, flow intensity and driving speed (especially single vehicles exceeding permissible driving speed for urban traffic or taking into account local restrictions on certain sections of street-road network) which form a vehicle or pedestrian graph. The proposed approaches can be used to assess quality of road traffic in conflict areas of the street-road network in cities and settlements and public roads as well.