Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic engineering Study and teaching Australia'
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Watson-Brown, Natalie, Bridie Scott-Parker, Bruce Simons-Morton, and Teresa Senserrick. "Exploring the Dimensions of Driving Instruction through Naturalistic Observation of Formal Practical Lessons with Learner Drivers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120905594.
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Higher-order driving skills (HO-DS) are deficient in young drivers who are over-represented in road crash fatalities and serious injuries. Teaching HO-DS has strong theoretical support in reducing crash risk. This study contributes to the dearth of literature regarding on-road driver training that can develop these skills. Higher-order driving instruction (HO-DI) is explored in formal on-road driving lessons (in Queensland, Australia) via naturalistic observation. Fifteen instructors and 96 learner drivers aged 16–19 years were recruited, with 110 lessons observed. An HO-DI coding taxonomy informed by the Goals for Driver Education ( 24) was used for content analysis using an a priori approach, comprising eight HO-DI codes: driving plan (formerly driving route), vehicle control and maneuvering, mastery of traffic situations, surveillance, situational risk (formerly environmental variables), personal risk (formerly knowledge of risk), car function (formerly car knowledge), and distraction. Thirty-nine sub-themes were identified within the codes allowing a deeper understanding of instruction, including missed (unseen) and untaken (seen but not actioned) HO-DI opportunities. The findings inform recommendations for the development of best practice HO-DI. This study has implications for the driver training industry with potential for reducing the crash risk of young novice drivers.
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Kim, K. S., and U. Vandebona. "User Requirements and Willingness To Pay for Traffic Information Systems: Case Study of Sydney, Australia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1694, no. 1 (January 1999): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1694-06.
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Liu, Yuchen, Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia, and Aloke Phatak. "Evaluating the Accuracy of Bluetooth-Based Travel Time on Arterial Roads: A Case Study of Perth, Western Australia." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9541234.
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Bluetooth (BT) time-stamped media access control (MAC) address data have been used for traffic studies worldwide. Although Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely recognised as an effective, low-cost traffic data source in freeway traffic contexts, it is still unclear whether BT technology can provide accurate travel time (TT) information in complex urban traffic environments. Therefore, this empirical study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy of BT travel time estimates in urban arterial contexts. There are two major hurdles to deriving accurate TT information for arterial roads: the multiple detection problem and noise in BT estimates. To date, they have not been fully investigated, nor have well-accepted solutions been found. Using approximately two million records of BT time-stamped MAC address data from twenty weekdays, this study uses five different BT TT-matching methods to investigate and quantify the impact of multiple detection problems and the noise in BT TT estimates on the accuracy of average BT travel times. Our work shows that accurate Bluetooth-based travel time information on signalised arterial roads can be derived if an appropriate matching method can be selected to smooth out the remaining noise in the filtered travel time estimates. Overall, average-to-average and last-to-last matching methods are best for long (>1 km) and short (≤1 km) signalised arterial road segments, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that the differences between BT and ground truth average TTs or speeds are systematic, and adding a calibration is a pragmatic method to correct inaccurate BT average TTs or speeds. The results of this research can help researchers and road operators to better understand BT technology for TT analysis and consequently to optimise the deployment location and configuration of BT MAC address scanners.
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Heiets, Iryna, Richard C. K. Yeun, Wim J. C. Verhagen, and Jiezhuoma La. "Analysis of Bilateral Air Services Agreement Liberalization in Australia." Aerospace 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9070371.
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This paper examines an assessment of the level of air transport services liberalization in Australia in order to generate recommendations on what key market access features of Air Services Agreements should be revised to reflect the changes in air transport characteristics, including the increase in air cargo traffic during the COVID-19 period. The different variants of the key market access features of ASA, levels of air transport liberalization and the extent of air transport service liberalization between Australia and 104 partner countries were analysed using descriptive study, comparison analysis and the ALI index. The ALI index is calculated for four different weighting schemes. Passenger capacity in 41 bilateral agreements contain restrictions of frequency, capacity and aircraft type. The analysis of cooperative arrangements indicated that Australia has a single aviation market only with New Zealand. The cargo capacity analysis identified different types of capacity restrictions based on weekly cargo service, volume, destinations, designated airline and aircraft types. In conclusion, cargo capacity analysis illustrates that the level of liberalization is high, but the air services agreements between Australia and other countries in the first and second cargo capacity groups should be revised to reflect the increase in air cargo traffic during COVID-19.
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Morar, Tudor, Ion Costescu, and Bassian Hissink Muller. "The Importance of Teaching GIS in Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.744.
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This paper offers researchers in transport engineering a method for reducing urban traffic congestion by planning for pedestrians. The method is designed for cities where GIS data is unavailable. Showing how this data can be obtained is one of the major contributions to the field. Other contributions are: using density data instead of infrared imagery to populate housing units with the number of inhabitants, performing network analysis instead of buffer analysis, eliminating homogeneity errors of the density dataset and offering a quantitative way of evaluating new investments in pedestrian infrastructure. The method is applied on a case study, namely the Romanian city of Timisoara. The conclusions present some applications of this technology and underline the importance of teaching it in engineering.
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Ning, Qiao, and Hao Tong. "Case study: Analysis and planning of campus acoustic environment under traffic noise: A case analysis of Shandong University in China." Noise Control Engineering Journal 68, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/376832.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the acoustic environment of the campus under the influence of urban traffic noise and put forward the corresponding noise reduction measures. Taking the Central Campus of Shandong University as an example, this research obtained the noise data of the traffic inside and around the campus according to field measurement, drew the map of the traffic noise on the campus and analyzed the noise condition of campus from two aspects of the whole campus and the three functional areas â–” living area, sports area, and teaching area. The results indicated that the traffic noise on the campus mainly comes from the off-campus traffic, and the affected area is concentrated in the edge of the campus; the most serious area is the West dormitory area. Based on the analysis results, this article put forward constructive suggestions for campus acoustic environment planning and simulated the adjustment of campus planning to improve acoustic environment on the campus.
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Zein, Sany R., Erica Geddes, Suzanne Hemsing, and Mavis Johnson. "Safety Benefits of Traffic Calming." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-01.
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This study was conducted to determine whether there are quantifiable collision-reduction benefits that result from traffic calming. Traffic calming is typically implemented to address speeding and external traffic concerns. It is intuitively recognized that successful traffic calming would therefore result in safety benefits. This research attempted to determine whether these safety benefits are measurable and significant. Four local traffic-calming projects in the Greater Vancouver area were reviewed as part of the research. All four of the projects achieved reductions in collision frequency, severity, and the annual collision claim costs. The magnitude of these benefits varied among the projects, with an average 40 percent reduction in collision frequency and 38 percent reduction in the annual claims costs. A total of 85 case studies from Europe, Australia, and North America were reviewed to determine the safety benefits of traffic calming as measured by other jurisdictions. The international case studies in which more than five precalming collisions per year occurred were analyzed separately. In this group of 15 studies, the decrease in collision frequency ranged from 8 percent to 95 percent. The implementation of traffic calming involves participation on the part of the general public, local municipalities, and emergency response organizations. The planning, engineering, and public consultation process are all a necessary part of the process to improving neighborhood livability. The results of this research provide evidence that the safety benefits of traffic calming are both quantifiable and significant.
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Mahbub, Parvez, Ashantha Goonetilleke, Godwin A. Ayoko, Prasanna Egodawatta, and Tan Yigitcanlar. "Analysis of build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics on urban roads in gold coast, Australia." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 9 (May 1, 2011): 2077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.151.
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Urban water quality can be significantly impaired by the build-up of pollutants such as heavy metals and volatile organics on urban road surfaces due to vehicular traffic. Any control strategy for the mitigation of traffic related build-up of heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants should be based on the knowledge of their build-up processes. In the study discussed in this paper, the outcomes of a detailed experimental investigation into build-up processes of heavy metals and volatile organics are presented. It was found that traffic parameters such as average daily traffic, volume over capacity ratio and surface texture depth had similar strong correlations with the build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics. Multicriteria decision analyses revealed that that the 1–74 μm particulate fraction of total suspended solids (TSS) could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate heavy metals in build-up and this same fraction of total organic carbon could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate volatile organics build-up. In terms of pollutants affinity, TSS was found to be the predominant parameter for particulate heavy metals build-up and total dissolved solids was found to be the predominant parameter for the potential dissolved particulate fraction in heavy metals buildup. It was also found that land use did not play a significant role in the build-up of traffic generated heavy metals and volatile organics.
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Mansson, Joakim Trygg, Margareta Lutzhoft, and Ben Brooks. "Joint Activity in the Maritime Traffic System: Perceptions of Ship Masters, Maritime Pilots, Tug Masters, and Vessel Traffic Service Operators." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 3 (December 13, 2016): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463316000758.
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Teamwork in the maritime traffic system has been identified as an area of concern, and reports suggest there is room for improvement. Such improvements should be based on an understanding of how everyday activities are performed. This study was therefore aimed at gaining an insight into the everyday activity of navigating and manoeuvring ships in port waters. To get such an insight, the perceptions of ship masters, maritime pilots, tug masters and Vessel Traffic Service operators active in Australia were probed through qualitative research interviews. A conceptual framework based on Clark's work on joint activity was used to guide the study. Results indicate that in order to get the job done, these maritime professionals employ tools and procedures beyond those intended to be used, vary their level of participation, assume roles which differ from those prescribed, sometimes base their assumptions and expectations on poor quality evidence, and occasionally avoid communication. While such adaptations may be necessary to get the job done, they also reduce the participants’ ability to establish common ground – which is essential for coordination.
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Song, Changle, Julien Monteil, Jean-Luc Ygnace, and David Rey. "Incentives for Ridesharing: A Case Study of Welfare and Traffic Congestion." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627660.
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Traffic congestion is largely due to the high proportion of solo drivers during peak hours. Ridesharing, in the sense of carpooling, has emerged as a travel mode with the potential to reduce congestion by increasing the average vehicle occupancy rates and reduce the number of vehicles during commuting periods. In this study, we propose a simulation-based optimization framework to explore the potential of subsidizing ridesharing users, drivers, and riders, so as to improve social welfare and reduce congestion. We focus our attention on a realistic case study representative of the morning commute on Sydney’s M4 Motorway in Australia. We synthesize a network model and travel demand data from open data sources and use a multinomial logistic model to capture users’ preferences across different travel roles, including solo drivers, ridesharing drivers, ridesharing passengers, and a reserve option that does not contribute to congestion on the freeway network. We use a link transmission model to simulate traffic congestion on the freeway network and embed a fixed-point algorithm to equilibrate users’ mode choice in the long run within the proposed simulation-based optimization framework. Our numerical results reveal that ridesharing incentives have the potential to improve social welfare and reduce congestion. However, we find that providing too many subsidies to ridesharing users may increase congestion levels and thus be counterproductive from a system performance standpoint. We also investigate the impact of transaction fees to a third-party ridesharing platform on social welfare and traffic congestion. We observe that increasing the transaction fee for ridesharing passengers may help in mitigating congestion effects while improving social welfare in the system.
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Hu, Hai Yan, and Hui Yan. "Study on Application of Database Synchronization Technology in the CDIO Teaching System Based on Android." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5419.
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As a breakthrough in teaching methods, the teaching system for CDIO talents training is extended to the Android mobile phone platform for engineering talents training better. This paper focuses on constructing the teaching system for CDIO talents training on the Android mobile platform, Hash digest algorithm is applied to the synchronization management of Android platform-based CDIO teaching system databases, significantly reduces the data traffic on the wireless network, and greatly enhances the data interaction between the embedded devices and servers. This application also dramatically reduces the number of write operations on the memory stack and improves the performance of the I/O read-write efficiency of the memory stack.
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Rash-ha Wahi, Rabbani, Narelle Haworth, Ashim Kumar Debnath, and Mark King. "Influence of Type of Traffic Control on Injury Severity in Bicycle–Motor Vehicle Crashes at Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 38 (May 14, 2018): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773576.
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Many studies have identified factors that contribute to bicycle–motor vehicle (BMV) crashes, but little is known about determinants of cyclist injury severity under different traffic control measures at intersections. Preliminary analyses of 5,388 police-reported BMV crashes from 2002 to 2014 from Queensland, Australia revealed that cyclist injury severity differed according to whether the intersection had a Stop/Give-way sign, traffic signals or no traffic control. Therefore, separate mixed logit models of cyclist injury severity (fatal/hospitalized, medically treated, and minor injury) were estimated. Despite similar distributions of injury severity across the three types of traffic control, more factors were identified as influencing cyclist injury severity at Stop/Give-way controlled intersections than at signalized intersections or intersections with no traffic control. Increased injury severity for riders aged 40–49 and 60+ and those not wearing helmets were the only consistent findings across all traffic control types, although the effect of not wearing helmets was smaller at uncontrolled intersections. Cyclists who were judged to be at fault were more severely injured at Stop/Give-way and signalized intersections. Speed zone influenced injury severity only at Stop/Give-way signs and appears to reflect differences in intersection design, rather than speed limits per se. While most BMV crashes occurred on dry road surfaces, wet road surfaces were associated with an increased cyclist injury severity at Stop/Give-way intersections. The results of this study will assist transport and enforcement agencies in developing appropriate mitigation strategies to improve the safety of cyclists at intersections.
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Zhang, Ting, and Xiang Tao Xu. "Study of Local Failure of a Multi-Plate Arch Bridge by Numerical Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 275 (July 2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.65.
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An old multi-plate arch bridge (arch bridge) was built at a busy mining site for mine transportation in Western Australia in the early 1970s. After operation for more than 30 years, large deformations were noticed at the openings of two steel plate arches out the four at one side of the bridge. Site survey and inspection were carried, showing some corrosion and large deformation at the eastern end of the middle two arches of the bridge. This paper presents a simplified 2D finite element analysis (FEA) for predicting and evaluating the excessive deformation of the aged plates of the bridge. The finite element analysis results are consistent with the survey data for the deformed shape. It is found that the local failure was mainly caused by inadequate engineering design of skewed bridge a structure under the heavy traffic loads from iron ore mining trains on top of it.
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Shafique, Muhammad Awais. "Imputing Missing Data in Hourly Traffic Counts." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249876.
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Hourly traffic volumes, collected by automatic traffic recorders (ATRs), are of paramount importance since they are used to calculate average annual daily traffic (AADT) and design hourly volume (DHV). Hence, it is necessary to ensure the quality of the collected data. Unfortunately, ATRs malfunction occasionally, resulting in missing data, as well as unreliable counts. This naturally has an impact on the accuracy of the key parameters derived from the hourly counts. This study aims to solve this problem. ATR data from New South Wales, Australia was screened for irregularities and invalid entries. A total of 25% of the reliable data was randomly selected to test thirteen different imputation methods. Two scenarios for data omission, i.e., 25% and 100%, were analyzed. Results indicated that missForest outperformed other imputation methods; hence, it was used to impute the actual missing data to complete the dataset. AADT values were calculated from both original counts before imputation and completed counts after imputation. AADT values from imputed data were slightly higher. The average daily volumes when plotted validated the quality of imputed data, as the annual trends demonstrated a relatively better fit.
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Choi, Seongjin, Hwasoo Yeo, and Jiwon Kim. "Network-Wide Vehicle Trajectory Prediction in Urban Traffic Networks using Deep Learning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 45 (September 7, 2018): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794735.
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This paper proposes a deep learning approach to learning and predicting network-wide vehicle movement patterns in urban networks. Inspired by recent success in predicting sequence data using recurrent neural networks (RNN), specifically in language modeling that predicts the next words in a sentence given previous words, this research aims to apply RNN to predict the next locations in a vehicle’s trajectory, given previous locations, by viewing a vehicle trajectory as a sentence and a set of locations in a network as vocabulary in human language. To extract a finite set of “locations,” this study partitions the network into “cells,” which represent subregions, and expresses each vehicle trajectory as a sequence of cells. Using large amounts of Bluetooth vehicle trajectory data collected in Brisbane, Australia, this study trains an RNN model to predict cell sequences. It tests the model’s performance by computing the probability of correctly predicting the next [Formula: see text] consecutive cells. Compared with a base-case model that relies on a simple transition matrix, the proposed RNN model shows substantially better prediction results. Network-level aggregate measures such as total cell visit count and intercell flow are also tested, and the RNN model is observed to be capable of replicating real-world traffic patterns.
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Wang, Xu, and Kai Liu. "A Crash Surrogate Metric considering Traffic Flow Dynamics in a Motorway Corridor." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9349418.
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We proposed a new crash surrogate metric, i.e., the maximum disturbance that a car following scenario can accommodate, to represent potential crash risks with a simple closed form. The metric is developed in consideration of traffic flow dynamics. Then, we compared its performance in predicting the rear-end crash risks for motorway on-ramps with other two surrogate measures (time to collision and aggregated crash index). To this end, a one-lane on-ramp of Pacific Motorway, Australia, was selected for this case study. Due to the lack of crash data on the study site, historical crash counts were merged according to levels of service (LOS) and then converted into crash rates. In this study, we used the societal risk index to represent the crash surrogate indicators and built relationships with crash rates. The final results show that (1) the proposed metric and aggregated crash index are superior to the time to collision in predicting the rear-end crash risks for on-ramps; (2) they have a relatively similar performance, but due to the simple calculation, the proposed metric is more applicable to some real-world cases compared with the aggregated crash index.
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Arif, Mohammad Taufiqul, and GM Shafiullah. "Exploring Teaching and Learning Experience during COVID-19 Pandemic in Engineering Education." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 7501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127501.
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The education system is continuously modernizing by accommodating the need due to the industrial revolution. Various teaching modes are also introduced including a diverse range of students, particularly in engineering education. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted normal education worldwide, forced to shut down campus activity for an extended period which forced Universities to adopt alternative approaches to continue student’s academic year. Engineering education faced significant challenges to find a realistic substitution for lab-based hands-on activity as well as group or team-based learning experiences. It is therefore very important to know the challenges and ways to address them. This paper evaluates the teaching and learning experiences observed in engineering education in Australia and abroad during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID period. The key motivation of this study is to identify key challenges arises due to COVID-19, develop Teaching & Learning (T & L) approaches to address these challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of the applied changes in the T & L approach, identify shortcomings, and find ways to improve them. The student feedback on selected engineering units have been collected from Deakin and Murdoch university in Australia to evaluate the performances of the applied changes. This data is considered as an authentic source of information to compare and identify the key challenges and effectiveness for students’ learning in pre-COVID and during COVID condition. This study later explored various literatures to gather experiences from other universities across the globe and by analysing all findings including academic experiences finally developed constructive recommendations for improvement. It is found that the current form of online mode of teaching has room to improve further as one segment of students finds it challenging and some others like a few approaches. It is also found that the online infrastructure, staff skills to innovate new unit designs, and motivating students are the other challenging areas. Therefore, a new teaching and learning framework is required to overcome all the challenges for future learning.
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Doe, Peter Edward, Sarah Lyden, Seeta Jaikaran-Doe, and Xiaolin Wang. "Enhancing Chinese Students’ Learning in an Australian 2+2 Undergraduate Engineering Program." International Journal of Higher Education 7, no. 5 (September 26, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n5p86.
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Undergraduate engineering units (subjects) are delivered by Australian academics at two universities in China over a three-week period. Students may choose to transfer to the Australian university to complete the final two years of the Bachelor of Engineering with Honours degree (2+2 program). The aim of this study is to determine what strategies are most effective for the Australian university academics to adopt for effective delivery of engineering units at Chinese universities. A mixed methods approach was applied to in-class feedback and student surveys. Three major themes: Language, Learning and Social were identified. These themes were further explored in a quantitative survey of Chinese students newly-arrived in Australia in 2016. Successful strategies for delivering engineering units included referring questions to discussion groups; students explaining difficult concepts to other students; writing key words on the board and flash cards. The principal concern for students before they transferred to Australia was the teaching and learning style of the Australian university academics. However, English language proficiency was the major concern for students transferred to Australia. The strategy for improving Chinese students’ engagement and learning outcomes should focus on additional support both in China and Australia.
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Alqhatani, M., S. Setunge, and S. Mirodpour. "Can a polycentric structure affect travel behaviour? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Modern Transportation 22, no. 3 (August 7, 2014): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-014-0054-y.
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Abstract This study models the impact of the shift from a monocentric private-car-oriented city to polycentric public-transport-oriented city. Metropolitan areas have suffered traffic problems—in particular increase in travel time and travel distance. Urban expansion, population growth and road network development have led to urban sprawl in monocentric cities. In many monocentric cities, travel time and distance has steadily increased and is only expected to increase in the future. Excessive travel leads to several problems such as air pollution, noise, congestion, reduction in productive time, greenhouse emissions, and increased stress and accident rates. This study examines the interaction of land use and travel. A model was developed and calibrated to Melbourne and Riyadh conditions and used for scenario analysis. This model included two parts: a spatial model and a transport model. The scenario analysis included variations of residential and activity distribution, as well as conditions of public transport service.
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Jiang, Zhigang, Siva Chandrasekaran, Gang Zhao, Jing Liu, and Yanan Wang. "Teaching towards Design-Based Learning in Manufacturing Technology Course: Sino–Australia Joint Undergraduate Program." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093522.
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The internationalized higher education in Engineering has made the sustainable future of Chinese regional universities prosper in the recent decade. The teaching practices of engineering courses pose many challenges in Sino–foreign joint undergraduate programs. The design-based learning (DBL) approach addresses students learning challenges in the joint undergraduate program facilitated by the Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST) in central China along with Deakin University (DU), Australia. Following the seven general principles of DBL, a project of process planning was performed for teaching and learning in the Manufacturing Technology course. An implicit meta-cognitive competence was developed through performing the engineering project tutoring, diverse learning tasks and normative assessment criteria. The DBL pedagogy succeeds in bridging the diverse knowledge systems in the specialized courses of Manufacturing Technology between Chinese and Australian programs in Mechanical Engineering. Many achievements and awards won by the students demonstrate a satisfactory result in the case study on the teaching practice towards DBL. The pedagogy towards DBL truly improves the teaching quality of the courses in joint programs and further strengthens the internationalized engineering education for the sustainable development of regional universities in China.
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Yu, Hongchu, Zhixiang Fang, Feng Lu, Alan T. Murray, Zhiyuan Zhao, Yang Xu, and Xiping Yang. "Massive Automatic Identification System Sensor Trajectory Data-Based Multi-Layer Linkage Network Dynamics of Maritime Transport along 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 4197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194197.
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Automatic Identification System (AIS) data could support ship movement analysis, and maritime network construction and dynamic analysis. This study examines the global maritime network dynamics from multi-layers (bulk, container, and tanker) and multidimensional (e.g., point, link, and network) structure perspectives. A spatial-temporal framework is introduced to construct and analyze the global maritime transportation network dynamics by means of big trajectory data. Transport capacity and stability are exploited to infer spatial-temporal dynamics of system nodes and links. Maritime network structure changes and traffic flow dynamics grouping are then possible to extract. This enables the global maritime network between 2013 and 2016 to be investigated, and the differences between the countries along the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road and other countries, as well as the differences between before and after included by 21st-century Maritime Silk Road to be revealed. Study results indicate that certain countries, such as China, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Australia, and United Arab Emirates, build new corresponding shipping relationships with some ports of countries along the Silk Road and these new linkages carry significant traffic flow. The shipping dynamics exhibit interesting geographical and spatial variations. This study is meaningful to policy formulation, such as cooperation and reorientation among international ports, evaluating the adaptability of a changing traffic flow and navigation environment, and integration of the maritime economy and transportation systems.
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Müller, Samuel Baesso, Francisco Marchet Dalosto, and Alejandro Ruiz Padillo. "Procedimentos para estudo de uma interseção semaforizada mediante técnicas de engenharia de tráfego." Ciência e Natura 42 (February 7, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40474.
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The transport sector may be major responsible for directing the urban development of cities, however this possibility is overshadowed by the overuse of individual motorized modes of transport. This situation leads to problems such as congestion, accidents, pollution and increased travel times. In this scenario Traffic Engineering aligned with the perspective of sustainable urban planning appears as an essential tool to mitigate these effects., . Studies in this area provide important data such as the number of vehicles traveling in a particular region, as well as their composition, their origins/destinations and their speed of operation. Using this information, obtained from collection and analysis of data through recognized methodologies, urban managers can make decisions about traffic intervention measures aiming to increase traffic safety and efficiency. Therefore, the present article demonstrates the planning for developing a traffic study in a traffic light controlled-intersection of Cachoeira do Sul city, as a result of a cooperation between the Federal University of Santa Maria - Campus Cachoeira do Sul and City Council, also involving practical activities of degree subjects as an active teaching / learning resource.
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Smirnov, Igor Olegovich, Bozhena Borisovna Dokuto, and Alexey Ivanovich Kondratiev. "Teaching marine engineering terms through online methods in maritime training courses." Maritime Technology and Research 5, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 261340. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2023.261340.
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Verbal communication is an integral part of seafarers’ professional activity and a compulsory condition of vessels’ safety, the prevention of marine environment pollution, the fulfillment of international and national legislation in the field of sea transport, and the organization and management of sea transport traffic involving multinational crews. The present study contributes to the resolution of professional communication linguistic support problems within the framework of the marine engineer’s activities. Additionally, it ensures safety at sea by developing the terminological component of the foreign-language competence of marine engineers. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to identify patterns of teaching the English maritime engineering term system used in oral professional communication and technical documentation engaging the Moodle Platform. The concept of marine engineering terminology, as well as the principles of distinguishing it from a more general concept of «maritime terminology», was considered in order to achieve this goal. The article suggests a combination of the most efficient Moodle tools that can be used to develop trainees’ specific terminological competence. Highlights A comprehensive analysis has allowed identifying differences in the functioning of ship engineering terms in technical documentation and oral professional communication The elements of this terminological system under analysis form hierarchical paradigms The functioning of ship-engineering terms in professional communication is complicated by the presence of synonyms within the terminological system and pseudo-international vocabulary Marine engineering terms can be successfully taught through a combination of several Moodle instruments, which enables trainees to conduct comprehensive structural-semantic comparative analysis of the English ship engineering terminological system
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Chand, Sai, Gregory Aouad, and Vinayak V. Dixit. "Long-Range Dependence of Traffic Flow and Speed of a Motorway: Dynamics and Correlation with Historical Incidents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2616, no. 1 (January 2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2616-06.
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Speed and flow of vehicles tend to have several effects on the dynamics of a transport system. Fluctuations of these variables can implicate congestion, can lower predictability, and may even catalyze crashes. A concept of fractal theory called the Hurst exponent—a measure of the long-range dependence (LRD) of a time series—was used to understand the fluctuations in flow and speed of a motorway in Sydney, Australia. The spatial and temporal variation of the LRD for flow ( Hflow) and speed ( Hspeed) at several monitor sites is discussed. Furthermore, the effects of number of lanes on flow and speed predictability are explored. It was observed that the flow predictability of two-lane sections was significantly lower when compared with three-lane and four-lane sections. Conversely, the speed predictability of four-lane sections was considerably higher than that of two-lane and three-lane sections. Finally, traffic congestion was defined with regard to the LRD of speed, and its correlation with historical incident rates was measured. It was ascertained that monitor sites with a historically high proportion of large Hspeed were correlated with unsafe locations. This study could lead to many applications of fractal analysis on highways and urban traffic.
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Nasim Khan Raja, Babar, Saeed Miramini, Colin Duffield, Shilun Chen, and Lihai Zhang. "A Simplified Methodology for Condition Assessment of Bridge Bearings Using Vibration Based Structural Health Monitoring Techniques." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 10 (June 2, 2021): 2150133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421501339.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical properties of bridge bearings gradually deteriorate over time resulting from daily traffic loading and harsh environmental conditions. However, structural health monitoring of in-service bridge bearings is rather challenging. This study presents a bridge bearing condition assessment framework which integrates the vibration data from a non-contact interferometric radar (i.e. IBIS-S) and a simplified analytical model. Using two existing concrete bridges in Australia as a case study, it demonstrates that the developed framework has the capability of detecting the structural condition of the bridge bearings in real-time. In addition, the results from a series of parametric studies show that the effectiveness of the developed framework is largely determined by the stiffness ratio between bridge bearing and girder ([Formula: see text], i.e. the structural condition of the bearings can only be effectively captured when the value of [Formula: see text] ranges from 1/100 and 100.
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Sarikaya Basturk, Nurcan, and Abdurrahman Sahinkaya. "Performance comparison of population-based optimization algorithms for air traffic control." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 6 (April 20, 2020): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2019-0212.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed performance comparison of recent and state-of-the-art population-based optimization algorithms for the air traffic control problem. Design/methodology/approach Landing sequence and corresponding landing times for the aircrafts were determined by using population-based optimization algorithms such as artificial bee colony, particle swarm, differential evolution, biogeography-based optimization, simulated annealing, firefly and teaching–learning-based optimization. To obtain a fair comparison, all simulations were repeated 30 times for each of the seven algorithms, two different problems and two different population sizes, and many different criteria were used. Findings Compared to conventional methods that depend on a single solution at the same time, population-based algorithms have simultaneously produced many alternate possible solutions that can be used recursively to achieve better results. Research limitations/implications In some cases, it may take slightly longer to obtain the optimum landing sequence and times compared to the methods that give a direct result; however, the processing times can be reduced using powerful computers or GPU computations. Practical implications The simulation results showed that using population-based optimization algorithms were useful to obtain optimal landing sequence and corresponding landing times. Thus, the proposed air traffic control method can also be used effectively in real airport applications. Social implications By using population-based algorithms, air traffic control can be performed more effectively. In this way, there will be more efficient planning of passengers’ travel schedules and efficient airport operations. Originality/value The study compares the performances of recent and state-of-the-art optimization algorithms in terms of effective air traffic control and provides a useful approach.
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Mohd Rahim, Faizul Azli, Nurshuhada Zainon, Nur Mardhiyah Aziz, Loo Siaw Chuing, and U. H. Obaidellah. "A REVIEW ON SMART CAMPUS CONCEPT AND APPLICATION TOWARDS ENHANCING CAMPUS USERS’ LEARNING EXPERIENCES." International Journal of Property Sciences 11, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijps.vol11no1.1.
Full textAbstract:
The smart campus is an emerging trend that allows universities to improved services, decision making and campus sustainability. The recent pandemic has directed and amplified the need for a paradigm shift, with predominant virtual teaching, and remote working bursting onto the scene. As an educational institution, understanding campus user’s learning experience is vital in the process of assessing and ensuring quality university studies. Therefore, this study provides a review of smart campus concept, application and potential opportunities that emerge in the smart campus towards enhancing campus users’ learning experiences. To achieve the purpose of the study, a systematic literature review has been conducted extracted from the Scopus database. Initially, 19 articles were gathered. After the screening process using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were screened and finally, 11 articles were included in the review. This study found that smart campus is an integral concept that needs to be developed and applied in universities. Besides that, several potential opportunities emerging from the smart campus application such as the application of augmented reality and virtual reality in facilitating the learning process, the exploration of daily internet traffic that enables traffic forecasting to improve network service and personalised services. Thus, this study helps to explore the potential fields of employing smart campus especially in the learning process among community campus.
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Tekmen-Araci, Yasemin, and Llewellyn Mann. "Instructor approaches to creativity in engineering design education." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218758795.
Full textAbstract:
Creativity is essential in the engineering design process. Researchers, academics, educators, and engineering organisations all agree that further improvement is necessary in training methods for fostering creativity in engineering education. Even though studies exist about how creativity should be taught in engineering education, there is still limited research about the challenges of practical implementation. To address this gap, an action research project has been conducted in two undergraduate Mechanical Engineering design subjects at a prominent university in Australia with the aim of enhancing creativity during the problem-solving process. The study shows the many challenges that arose when enhancing creativity in engineering design education, and the issues that surrounded this implementation. Although teaching creativity to engineering students is a challenge, this study illuminates the difficulties of convincing the engineering instructors to embed creativity in the subjects they teach. Overall, the study found that instructors' understandings and beliefs about creativity influence their teaching approach and what they value. These influences were around four main areas: the instructors' focus on the design product being produced, their educational backgrounds and training, the subjective nature of creativity and their beliefs about it, and the performance mindset of the instructors. These findings suggest that enhancing creativity among engineering students is not possible until the engineering educators and practitioners understand and value creativity practice.
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Rouphail, Nagui M., and Brian S. Eads. "Pedestrian Impedance of Turning-Movement Saturation Flow Rates: Comparison of Simulation, Analytical, and Field Observations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-08.
Full textAbstract:
TRAF-NETSIM and its successor CORSIM are comprehensive micro-simulation environments that have been widely used to model the urban traffic environment in the United States and abroad. CORSIM is employed in this study to simulate and evaluate the effects of pedestrian flows on right-turn saturation flow rates at signalized intersections. The saturation flow rates returned by CORSIM were compared with field data collected throughout the United States and with three existing analytical models in the United States, Australia, and Canada. These comparisons indicated that CORSIM models pedestrian interference with the turning vehicles more severely than the three analytical methods, but with a smaller effect than the empirical data indicate. Further, the empirical data exhibit a logarithmic relationship between saturation flow rate and opposing pedestrian volume, compared with the linear relationship used in the simulation and analytical models. Implications for the design and analysis of signalized intersections are presented.
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Abushandi, Eyad. "Assessment for Student Success: Delivering High-Quality Modules and Improving Educational Methods in Civil Engineering Program." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0044.
Full textAbstract:
There are many internal and external factors influence student success such as optimization of student support services, campus resources, teaching methods and learning outcomes achievement, and many others. Understanding student success due to the global declining quality of undergraduate engineering students is very demanding. Post training or re-educating graduates is expensive and time consuming and can be prevented by if structured educational process took a place. The aims of this study were to identify student’s success related factors and assess how a new teaching method will impact student success. Assessment of student success within civil engineering major was analyzed. After conducting the teaching method, a structured reflective questionnaire was carried out among 50 students targeting two modules namely traffic and transportation engineering from level three, and introduction to structural analysis and design from level two. Students’ satisfaction and teaching method effectiveness emerged as significant indictors of student success. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate student responses. Person correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were used to test and predict the relationships between the variables mainly gender, teaching method effectiveness, and overall evaluation. Gender plays a moderate to strong role in the response for method effectiveness indicator and overall evaluation indicators. The performance of Multiple Linear Regression was exceptionally well with very low average relative error (5%). Students are more likely to be engaged onsite rather than online to adjust their need and trigger academic support. Improving student support services, student’s engagement, and update module materials to be more problem based are recommended to ensure students success. In addition, proper student’s feedback analysis, formative and summative assessments were primary tools to improve teaching practices.
Received: 26 November 2020 / Accepted: 27 January 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
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La, Jiezhuoma, and Iryna Heiets. "THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION AND INTELLIGENTIZATION ON AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM." Aviation 25, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2021.15336.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to provide insights into the impact levels of digitalization and intelligentization on air transport system (ATS) in Australia, China, the US, and India. Air transport system is one of the most efficient transport systems which contains three elements: air traffic control, airport, and airlines. In modern society, the importance of digitalization and intelligentization in ATS is attached to by publics. In this study, firstly, comparative analysis is used to analyze the different states of digitalization and intelligentization level and air transport system in sample countries. Then, correlation analysis is used to study the correlation of the different impact factors with the ATS in different countries. The third one is regression analysis, it is used to analyze the relationship between ATS and the development of digitalization and intelligentization in four sample countries. At last, forecasting analysis is used to predict the future trend of digitalization and intelligentization’s impact on ATS in the sample countries in the next few years. Then, the most significant impact factors for ATS will be obtained. Also, the future development trends of ATS under digitalization and intelligentization’s impact could be forecasted by using econometric models.
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Putri, Ayu Aprilia, and Suparno. "Recognize Geometry Shapes through Computer Learning in Early Math Skills." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.141.04.
Full textAbstract:
One form of early mathematical recognition is to introduce the concept of geometric shapes. Geometry is an important scientific discipline for present and future life by developing various ways that fit 21st century skills. This study aims to overcome the problem of early mathematical recognition of early childhood on geometry, especially how to recognize geometric forms based on computer learning. A total of 24 children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten has to carrying out 2 research cycles with a total of 5 meetings. Treatment activities in each learning cycle include mentioning, grouping and imitating geometric shapes. There were only 7 children who were able to recognize the geometric shapes in the pre-research cycle (29.2%). An increase in the number of children who are able to do activities well in each research cycle includes: 1) The activities mentioned in the first cycle and 75% in the second cycle; 2) Classifying activities in the first cycle were 37.5% and 75% in the second cycle; 3) Imitation activities in the first cycle 54.2% and 79.2% in the second cycle. The results of data acquisition show that computer learning application can improve the ability to recognize geometric shapes, this is because computer learning provides software that has activities to recognize geometric shapes with the animation and visuals displayed.
Keywords: Early Childhood Computer Learning, Geometry Forms, Early Math Skills
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An, Mi-Young, and Kwang-Seong Shin. "Teachers Perceptions on Early Childhood’s Traffic and Life Safety Education Program Using VR." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020777.
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The objective of this study is to verify the preventive effect of daily safety education on children by analyzing its influence on the improvement in their understanding, perceptions, and attitudes toward safety, when virtual reality (VR) is used. The use of VR-based tangible safety education is increasing. Thus, the effectiveness of VR stability education should be verified. This study was conducted for three months by selecting infants aged 4–5 years and their homeroom teachers enrolled in early childhood education institutions. After completing daily safety education using VR, questionnaires prepared by the teacher, comprising interviews and Q&A with the infants, were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, F-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. It was found that (a) the preference for audiovisual and VR as effective teaching methods in early childhood educational institutions was high; (b) safety education using VR showed a positive correlation with children’s traffic safety perceptions and attitudes; and (c) immersion was found to be a significant factor influencing the perception and attitude of safety education. These findings suggest that various methods to implement and utilize safety education programs using VR should be explored. Finally, VR safety education improved preventive attitudes toward the safety of children.
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Hu, Bing, Deng Dian Xuan, Hui Ming Fan, Zhen Guo Zhang, and Xin Wu. "The Discussions about the Relationship between Road Capacity with Building Floor Area Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1032.
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There are relationship between road capacity with building floor area ratio. It can be coordinated that between city planning, construction scheme and road system volume by find out connection of them. This paper will discuss the effect of the road capacity to city planning and building floor area ratio. At the same time it explain how traffic systems engineering infiltrate and cross with the city planning subjects in teaching, further raise students’ interests in the study, reinforce the ability of combining theory with practice, cultivate students’ open-minded and creative thinking by example analysis.
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Suprapto, Nadi, Woro Setyarsih, and Husni Mubarok. "Information Spectrum over Twelve Public Teaching Universities in Indonesia." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 42, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.42.4.17880.
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This paper gives an information spectrum of public teaching universities in Indonesia as viewed from their publication during 2000-2019. The data were collected through the Scopus database and then analysed based on the number of documents, language, author affiliation, document type, source type, source title, top authors, top citations, co-authorship, and international collaboration. The results indicated that the number of publications until 2019 was 11,993 documents. In the period 2016-2019, publication stretches have begun to appear, and there has been a significant increase in the number of conference proceedings as the primary source of publication. The publication’s subject area was dominated by physics and astronomy, engineering, and social sciences, with English being the primary language of communication. Authors from Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI), and Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) dominated the output of public teaching universities in Indonesia. Top citations from documents produced were dominated by UNNES, which collaborates a lot through World Class Professor (WCP). Co-citation, co-authorship, and co-occurrences network visualisation were also illustrated to complete the information of top authors and top citations in this study. The most collaborated authors of public-teaching universities were Malaysia, the USA, Australia, Japan, and Taiwan. Some future considerations were also illustrated as the recommendation of this study to increase the performance of publications among public teaching universities.
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Ahmed, Abul Abrar Masrur, Ravinesh C. Deo, Sujan Ghimire, Nathan J. Downs, Aruna Devi, Prabal D. Barua, and Zaher M. Yaseen. "Introductory Engineering Mathematics Students’ Weighted Score Predictions Utilising a Novel Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline Model." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711070.
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Introductory Engineering Mathematics (a skill builder for engineers) involves developing problem-solving attributes throughout the teaching period. Therefore, the prediction of students’ final course grades with continuous assessment marks is a useful toolkit for degree program educators. Predictive models are practical tools used to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching as well as assessing the students’ progression and implementing interventions for the best learning outcomes. This study develops a novel multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model to predict the weighted score WS (i.e., the course grade). To construct the proposed MARS model, Introductory Engineering Mathematics performance data over five years from the University of Southern Queensland, Australia, were used to design predictive models using input predictors of online quizzes, written assignments, and examination scores. About 60% of randomised predictor grade data were applied to train the model (with 25% of the training set used for validation) and 40% to test the model. Based on the cross-correlation of inputs vs. the WS, 12 distinct combinations with single (i.e., M1–M5) and multiple (M6–M12) features were created to assess the influence of each on the WS with results bench-marked via a decision tree regression (DTR), kernel ridge regression (KRR), and a k-nearest neighbour (KNN) model. The influence of each predictor on WS clearly showed that online quizzes provide the least contribution. However, the MARS model improved dramatically by including written assignments and examination scores. The research demonstrates the merits of the proposed MARS model in uncovering relationships among continuous learning variables, which also provides a distinct advantage to educators in developing early intervention and moderating their teaching by predicting the performance of students ahead of final outcome for a course. The findings and future application have significant practical implications in teaching and learning interventions or planning aimed to improve graduate outcomes in undergraduate engineering program cohorts.
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Lu, Mingyu, and Pengfei Feng. "Analysis on the Construction of School-enterprise Cooperation Base for Transportation Majors." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503014.
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The transportation specialty cannot be combined with reality in the construction. Traffic engineering and transportation are the combination of my country’s existing planning, and the profe ssional potential is huge. The main mission of applied universities is to cultivate high-quality applie d talents. Serving local economic and social development, the school-enterprise cooperation practice education base is the most important way to achieve the above goals. It is of great significance to i mprove the quality of application-oriented talent training and promote the technological transformati on and upgrading of enterprises. The construction is guided by the educational concept of “enterpri se-oriented, project-driven, ability training and overall development” to build a teaching platform for production, study and research. Establish a curriculum system that can optimize the corresponding curriculum, strengthen practical teaching, Better promote the training of talents towards a good situat ion and continue to develop steadily. Transportation majors are under construction.
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Mohd. Elmagzoub Eltahir, Najeh Rajeh Alsalhi, Geraldine Torrisi-Steele, and Sami Sulieman Al-Qatawneh. "The Implementation of Online Learning in Conventional Higher Education Institutions During the Spread of COVID-19: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 18, no. 01 (January 10, 2023): 68–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i01.36005.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate and explore the degree of success of the implementation of online learning in conventional higher education institutions instead of face-to-face learning during the spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic during the 2019/2020 academic year, via exploring the undergraduate students' perceptions of the application of the online learning system at Ajman University in UAE, and Griffith University in Australia. In the study, the descriptive approach was used. A questionnaire consisting of 40 items was designed and distributed to 630 students from Ajman University and 675 students from Griffith University, who were randomly selected from different faculties of the two universities during the 2019/2020 academic year during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study revealed that students' a moderate satisfaction with the University's readiness, training, and technical support for online learning and the university's teaching and learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic, with female students finding them more satisfaction than male students. Disciplines and computer skills also showed an impact on such satisfaction, with Pharmacy & Health Science College students at Ajman University and Architecture, Art, and Design discipline students at Griffith University, and those with excellent computer skills in both Universities. In addition, the results showed positive attitudes of students towards the use of online learning at the two universities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Edmonston, Colin, Victor Siskind, and Mary Sheehan. "Understanding the Roles of Remoteness and Indigenous Status in Rural and Remote Road Trauma in North Queensland: Using a Mixed-Methods Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051467.
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Road trauma is a significant health problem in rural and remote regions of Australia, particularly for Indigenous communities. This study aims to identify and compare the circumstances leading to (proximal causation) and social determinants of (distal causation) crashes of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in these regions and their relation to remoteness. This is a topic seriously under-researched in Australia. Modelled on an earlier study, 229 persons injured in crashes were recruited from local health facilities in rural and remote North Queensland and interviewed, mainly by telephone, according to a fixed protocol which included a detailed narrative of the circumstances of the crash. A qualitative analysis of these narratives identified several core themes, further explored statistically in this sample, supplemented by participants in the earlier study with compatible questionnaire data, designed to determine which factors were more closely associated with Indigenous status and which with remoteness. Indigenous participants were less often vehicle controllers, more likely to have recently been a drink driver or passenger thereof; to be unemployed, unlicensed, distracted or fatigued before the crash, alcohol dependent and have lower perceived social, but not personal, locus of control in a traffic crash than non-Indigenous persons. Differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants are largely ascribable to hardship and transport disadvantage due to lack of access to licensing and associated limitations on employment opportunities. Based on these findings, a number of policy recommendations relating to educational, enforcement and engineering issues have been made.
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Striuk, A. M., and S. O. Semerikov. "Professional competencies of future software engineers in the software design: teaching techniques." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2288, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2288/1/012012.
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Abstract The article is devoted to one of the competence components of a mobile-oriented environment for professional and practical training of future software engineers. It is shown that the introduction of higher education standard 121 “Software Engineering” for the first (bachelor) level of higher education in Ukraine has generated a number of training quality assurance problems associated primarily with the low level of detailed competencies and program learning outcomes. By solving these problems, the detailed design of the system of professional competencies for future software engineers is developed. The article deals with the approaches to developing one of the most important special professional competences of future software engineers – the ability to participate in software design, including modeling (formal description) of its structure, behavior, and processes of functioning. Based on a historical and genetic review of the software engineering training practice of future software engineers in the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore, recommendations for choosing forms of training organization, selection of training content, ways of students’ and teachers’ activities in software engineering, modeling and designing tools; assessment of the appropriate competence formation level are formulated. The example of organizing design training in conditions close to industrial-studio training is considered. The problems of transition from architectural to detailed design and project implementation are shown. Prospects for further development of this study are to substantiate the third (after requirements engineering and design engineering) engineering component of software engineering – the software construction.
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Guatelli, Susanna, Catherine Layton, Dean Cutajar, and Anatoly B. Rosenfeld. "The Teaching/Research Nexus And Internationalisation: An Action Research Project In Radiation Physics." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.7.2.5.
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This paper attempts to unpack the teaching and learning experiences of academics and students when a new way of teaching radiation physics was introduced. In an attempt to articulate the University of Wollongong’s commitment to the enhancement of the teaching/research nexus and to the development of learning communities, staff of the School of Physics in the Faculty of Engineering at University of Wollongong (UOW) implemented an action research project teaching scientific computing methodologies used in radiation physics to a combined laboratory class of postgraduates and undergraduates. The design of the practical laboratory classes took account of the expected heterogeneous computing skills and different knowledge of radiation physics of undergraduate and postgraduate students. Based on an earlier study, it was presumed that postgraduate students would be in a good position to support undergraduates. We illustrate how broad-based conceptions of the value of learning communities and their role in fostering the teaching/research nexus may be challenged by an internationalised student body. In this case, the previous patterns of undergraduate and postgraduate enrolments, which the pilot study had canvassed, did not hold true; almost all of the postgraduate students were international students, only recently arrived in Australia. This, along with other factors, meant that learning outcomes and students’ responses to the innovation were not what were expected. We suggest a path forward, both for the specific subject in which the innovation occurred, and for other similar attempts to bring together academics, postgraduate and undergraduate students in a nascent learning community, in the light of ongoing trends towards internationalisation.
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Striuk, Andrii. "Formation of software design skills among software engineering students." Educational Dimension 58 (June 15, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.4519.
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The study focuses on one of the mobile-oriented environment competence components for software engineering (SE) students. It has been demonstrated that the implementation of the higher education standard for SE bachelors has generated a number of issues in terms of ensuring training quality, principally due to a lack of specification for both skills and learning outcomes. Designing a precise framework of professional competencies for SE bachelors is one method to overcome these issues. The research examines methods for developing K14 (the ability to participate in software design, including modeling (formal description) of its structure, behavior, and working processes), a critical particular professional competency for future software engineers. Recommendations for software design teaching techniques, learning content, modeling and design tools, and assessment of the level of formation of relevant competence are developed based on a historical and genetic review of software design training among SE students in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore. The industrial-style software design training (studio training) is used as an example. The transition from architectural to detailed design, as well as project implementation, are discussed. The study's future prospects include substantiating the third engineering component of SE – software construction (after requirements engineering and design engineering).
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Haworth, Narelle, Matthew Legge, Divera Twisk, Jennifer Bonham, Tyler O’Hare, and Marilyn Johnson. "Young Driver Crashes with Cyclists: Identifying Training Opportunities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (June 29, 2019): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119860118.
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To understand where driver training should focus to contribute to improving the safety of cyclists, this study compared bicycle-motor-vehicle (BMV) crashes involving novice drivers (under 25 years) with those involving experienced drivers in the Australian states of Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia. Novice drivers were involved in only a small proportion of BMV crashes and were not over-represented on a per-license basis. For both driver groups, most crashes happened on lower speed roads, at intersections, and during the day. In contrast to expectations, the distribution of types of BMV crashes differed little between experienced and novice drivers. The absence of major differences between experienced and novice drivers may result from learning opportunities being too infrequent in low-volume cycling countries, but this hypothesis needs further testing. A comparison between Queensland and Victoria showed three situations with a higher proportion of young driver crashes: in the evening in both states, Right through-opposing directions (Victoria only), and From footway-maneuvering (Queensland only). These patterns are likely to be indicative of young driver experiences. When their time on the road increases, so does their exposure to risk and to challenging driving conditions (e.g., driving in darkness). On the other hand, these patterns may also point to effects of legislation on young driver crashes, for instance cycling on the sidewalk in Queensland. The results suggest that training for novice drivers needs to supplement a wider strategy to improve cyclist safety (including infrastructure and traffic management improvements) and that training needs to be tailored to state-specific conditions.
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Nadimi, Navid, Fariborz Mansourifar, Morteza Asadamraji, and Amir Mohammadian Amiri. "Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on transportation: a case study of Iran." Archives of Transport 62, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9174.
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Coronavirus first appeared in January 2020 and has spread dramatically in most parts of the world. In addition to exerting enormous impacts on public health and well-being, it has also affected a broad spectrum of industries and sectors, including transportation. Countries around the world have imposed restrictions on travel and participation in activities due to the outbreak of the virus. Many countries have adopted social distancing rules requiring people to maintain a safe distance. Therefore, the pandemic has accelerated the transition into a world in which online educa-tion, online shopping, and remote working are becoming increasingly prevalent. Every aspect of our life has witnessed a series of new rules, habits, and behaviours during this period, and our travel choices or behaviours are no exception. Some of these changes can be permanent or have long-lasting effects. To control this situation, these changes must first be recognised in various aspects of transportation in order to provide policies for similar situations in the future. In this regard, this study seeks to examine how transportation sectors have changed in the first waves of the pandemic. Iran has been selected as the case study in this paper. This research is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic on rural transportation in Iran. This is followed by assessing the impacts of the virus on urban transportation in Tehran (the capital of Iran). The behaviour of more than 700 travellers in terms of trip purpose, travel time, and mode choice is evaluated using a questionnaire. Results indicate that the number of passen-gers has reduced dramatically in rural transportation systems. In such systems, considerations such as keeping social distancing, disinfection of passengers and their luggage, and unemployment of a group of personnel working in the transportation industry have been more evident. In urban transportation, education trips have dropped the most. This might relate to an increase in online teaching and health concerns. The same pattern can be seen in the passengers who used bicycles, public taxis, and other public transportation systems. Finally, during the pandemic, drivers’ speed has increased, which justifies the need for traffic calming for drivers.
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., Muazzam, Muhammad Ali, and Atif Ali. "Prevalence of Intertrochanteric Fractures in Young Population with Hip Fractures Presented in Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166727.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of intertrochanteric fractures in young population with hip fractures presented in Ghurki Trust teaching hospital Lahore. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic& Spine Surgery from Jan, 2018 to April, 2022.About 295 patients presented in Ghurki teaching and trust hospital Lahore were taken as a part of this research out of which 94 patients were with intertrochanteric fractures. Those patients who had any kind of pathology or skeletal deformity were excluded from the study. Out of 94 patients, 60 were male while 34 patients were female. Fractures were treated surgically via DHS (dynamic hip screws). Results: In 94 patients with intertrochanteric fractures, the mechanism of injury was usually due to slip and fall (n= 15), fall from height (n= 19) and RTA (road traffic accidents) (n=60). The most common associated injury and fracture was of head injury and pelvis fracture respectively. RTA is most common mechanism of injury usually occurring in males (n= 40). The fractures were classified according to the BOYD’s classification. The intertrochanteric fractures showed complications like loosening of the nails or plates of DHS which occurred in patients having intertrochanteric fractures with SOF (shaft of femur) fractures. Conclusion: The characteristics related to intertrochanteric fractures depends on the mechanism of injury. An in-depth knowledge of the fracture stability and various implants is necessary for decision-making in the therapy of intertrochanteric fractures. More data on functional outputs are required, particularly for people with high functioning. Keywords: Intertrochanteric fracture, trochanters, Prevalence, trauma, surgery, DHS, ORIF, nails, mechanism of injury
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Jin, Ruoyu, Patrick Xiaowei Zou, Bo Li, Poorang Piroozfar, and Noel Painting. "Comparisons of students’ perceptions on BIM practice among Australia, China and UK." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 9 (October 21, 2019): 1899–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2018-0275.
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Purpose University students are the future driving forces in and leaders of the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) industry advancement. Although BIM pedagogical studies have been performed in different institutions, there has not been sufficient research providing a global perspective of BIM education and students’ perceptions toward BIM practice and application following their learning progress. The purpose of this paper is to adopt student samples from Swinburne University of Technology (SUT, Australia), Wenzhou University (WZU, China) and University of Brighton (UK) as three case studies to investigate the BIM practice and application-related perceptions and motivations. Design/methodology/approach Based on the thorough understanding of the BIM pedagogical delivery including teaching contents and assessment methods among the three institutions, a questionnaire survey approach was adopted to collect AEC students’ perceptions of BIM. Within each selected case, statistical analysis was conducted to investigate both the overall sample and subgroup differences regarding students’ opinions on BIM’s functions (e.g. as a 3D visualization tool) and BIM usefulness in various industry professions, their motivation in BIM-related jobs and their perceptions of challenges encountered in BIM practice and application. Multiple factors influencing BIM learners’ perceptions were discussed, such as pedagogical assessment approach, and individual factors (e.g. disciplines). Findings The results showed that students were able to discern the latest industry practices and critical thinking in BIM movements. For example, SUT students perceived more challenges from the government legislation or incentive policies, which was consistent with Australia’s BIM policy movement. WZU students tended to have less positive views on BIM usefulness. The results also indicated fewer differences regarding perceived challenges among students from these three institutions. Originality/value This study contributed to the body of knowledge in managerial BIM by focusing on learners’ perceptions from the perspective of students’ understanding, motivation and individual views of BIM, which were insightful to both BIM educators and employers. By initiating the framework of BIM learning process and its influence factors, the current study serves as a point of reference to continue the future work in strengthening the connection between institutional BIM education and industry practical needs worldwide.
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Savage, Julia, and Jillian Healy. "Creative teaching design in STEM: Using graduate learning outcomes to distribute students' existing knowledge in first-year biology practical work groups." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.16.3.2.
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In Australia, a significant number of students enrol in first-year university biology without the benefit of high school biology. In order to help students support each other, the authors of this paper (a central unit academic developer and a biology coordinator of first-year biology) created a classroom activity that facilitated the distribution of the more experienced students of biology throughout the practical work groups. An important feature of this creative design for forming groups, called the GLO Activity in this paper, was the embedding of two of the University’s key teaching and learning priorities within the activity. These were the University’s eight graduate learning outcomes (GLOs) and, inclusive education practice. We discuss creative pedagogies in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) and their link to supporting students in their first year of university study. We explain our scholarly thinking behind the GLO Activity and evaluate its impact. Finally, we reflect on how we, the educators, found satisfaction in thinking deeply to create a new learning structure for a biology practical class that solved one teaching challenge but also met a number of the University’s curriculum principles.
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Kerr, Emily L. "Shadow ESL Education from North American Tutors’ Perspective." International Journal of Literacy, Culture, and Language Education 3 (October 6, 2022): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijlcle.v3i.31861.
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For-profit, private tutoring services, often referred to as shadow education, are tutoring students for pay and are made use of as a concurrent supplement to their standard academic courses or programs. These tutoring sessions are often online and given by tutors who work for companies that are for-profit businesses in the education services industry. Tutors are often subject matter “experts” working as independent contractors, many of whom have little or no formal training as teachers. This is a qualitative case pilot study consisting of semistructured interviews with two such tutors working at a company that offers online tutoring in content areas and ESL to Chinese international undergraduate students studying abroad in Canada, the US, Australia, and the UK. Data reveal that these tutors have concerns with their sense of professional identity as teachers. These results elicit questions of who has the privilege of being called a “teacher” and the status of online for-profit tutors as compared to classroom teachers. Findings also include that tutors’ perceptions of working for a for-profit shadow education company impacts their teaching practices.
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Barton, Georgina, and Kay Hartwig. "Workplace Experience of International Students in Australia." Journal of International Students 10, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): viii—xi. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i2.1946.
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For the past three years over 400,000 international students have enrolled annually to study in higher education contexts in Australia (Australian Government, 2019). The extensiveness of international student enrolments has been equalled to Australia’s third highest export industry after coal and iron ore (Grewal & Blakkarly, 2017). Given the significance of international students it is important that Australian universities find effective and culturally-appropriate ways to support this cohort. One such area needing support is work experience as many study programs that international students undertake include compulsory or elective courses involving assessed experiences in professional contexts. Degrees such as business, education, engineering, health including nursing and psychology all require students to successfully complete workplace experiences in order to graduate. It is critical that international students are supported before, during and after workplace components of study as the International Student Barometer indicated that international students desire quality career advice, work experience and subsequently employment as a result of their studies (Garrett, 2014).
This short essay shares brief findings from a federally funded, large-scale project carried out in Australian universities – the Work-placement for International Student Programs (WISP) project. The WISP project aimed to investigate international students’ experiences in workplace contexts, but also their preparedness for such experiences. Data was collected from six universities including international student, workplace and university staff interviews; university documents; and international students’ assessed reports from their work experience. In addition, a large scale survey was also distributed across Australia – whereby findings are reported in Barton, Hartwig and Le (2017).
Findings from the qualitative data showed that international students face different challenges on work experience as compared to their domestic counterparts. Issues such as language difference, financial difficulties, being away from usual support networks, and cultural difference related to professional skills were identified. We theorised that international students indeed encounter ‘multi-socialisation’ (Barton et al., 2017) whereby they are expected to socialise into a new country, new university context, and workplace environment.
Further, our extensive data showed that many work place staff have limited capacities in cultural awareness and hence diverse approaches to working with, and supporting,international students. In fact, some work place staff showed hesitation in hosting international students as they perceived them as being ‘hardwork’ (Barton, Hartwig, Joseph & Podorova, 2017). Conversely, our data showed the success many that international students experience during work placement. For work place staff who displayed high ‘ethos’ (Knight, 1999), huge benefits in hosting international students were experienced for both parties.
Another major finding was that international students often find reflecting on their practice and consequently putting new practice into place challenging. Of course, this may be an issue for all students however, our international student participants noted reflecting on challenges and knowing how to improve action was difficult, particularly if their host was not supportive. Conversely, supportive hosts modelled good practice and worked above and beyond to support international students to success.
Recommendations from the WISP project are outlined in Table 1 below:
Table 1: Recommendations for all stakeholders in relation to work experience for international students
International students
University Staff (includes academic support staff)
Work place supervisors and staff
Know and use the range of support services available at your university for international students.
Learn about and experience new cultural and professional contexts through volunteering.
Be involved in any university learning activities that will assist you to reflect and understand Australian workplace contexts.
Participate in a community of learners by sharing your expertise, cultural knowledge and skill sets with the university, workplace and your peers.
Regularly seek your supervisor’s feedback on your performance and ensure you understand and can implement this advice.
Organise a meeting with international students and their supervisor prior to work placement, as well as post-placement sessions with university staff.
Encourage international students to gain experience in new cultural and professional contexts through volunteering.
Include a range of teaching and learning activities such as role plays, videos and critical reflection to assist international students’ understanding of Australian workplace contexts.
Create a community of learners through multimedia to encourage communication during work placement.
Share responsibility of feedback and assessment to allow a fuller understanding of the student’s progress.
Create a welcoming workplace environment including a student work space, clear expectations and open lines of communication.
Embrace and utilise international students’ unique cultural knowledge and experience in your workplace.
Include a diverse range of communication techniques to explain key concepts about the workplace context.
Encourage international students to become involved in the wider workplace community.
Provide international students regular feedback and demonstrate strategies for improvement and check for understanding.
Our project resulted in a conscious focus on positive aspects of international students’workplace experience given the negativity that is often portrayed in the literature. Such a strengths-based approach allowed us to report on ways that worked in supporting both international students and their hosts, ensuring increased employability and reflexive professionals upon graduation.
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Ruta, Alyssa, Jillian Seniuk Cicek, Afua Mante, Marie Speare, and Randy Herrmann. "Ten calls to action to integrate Indigenous Knowledges and perspectives into the Biosystems Engineering Program at the University of Manitoba." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 63, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 9.01–9.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2021.63.9.1.
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In this study, a rapid grey and academic literature scoping review was conducted to investigate how Indigenous Knowledges, perspectives, values and cultures are being incorporated into engineering education in several colonialized countries. The findings were used to make recommendations on advancing the Biosystems Engineering curriculum at the University of Manitoba to educate future engineers who have the cultural capacity to work ethically, respectfully, and reciprocally in engineering practice and partnership with Indigenous Peoples and communities. The study was spurred in part by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s 94 Calls to Action. In collaboration with Indigenous Peoples, calls for integrating Indigenous knowledge and teaching methods into classrooms and building student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy, and mutual respect. Sources for this review were gathered from Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, countries that share a similar history of European colonization and are developing methods for curricular change. The findings demonstrated that incorporation of Indigenous Knowledges perspectives in engineering education can be organized into five main themes: 1. capacity building for engineering educators, 2. consultation and collaboration with Indigenous Peoples and communities, 3. coalescing dominant, Indigenous and engineering perspectives, 4. preparing students for professional practice with Indigenous Peoples, and 5. developing a new curriculum. By incorporating these recommendations, engineering educators will help create an educational environment where Indigenous Peoples and their ways of knowing, being and doing have space alongside Western and engineering worldviews. This will prepare engineering students for culturally sensitive and ethically sound professional practice and support the students who will see themselves reflected in Biosystems Engineering.