Relevant bibliographies by topics / Traffic crashes

Academic literature on the topic 'Traffic crashes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Traffic crashes"

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Rezapour, Mahdi, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Application of Multinomial Regression Model to Identify Parameters Impacting Traffic Barrier Crash Severity." Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801913010057.

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Background: Run Off The Road (ROTR) crashes are some of the most severe crashes that could occur on roadways. The main countermeasure that can be taken to address this type of crashe is traffic barrier installation. Although ROTR crashes can be mitigated significantly by traffic barriers, still traffic barrier crashes resulted in considerable amount of severe crashes. Besides, the types of traffic barriers, driver actions and performance play an important role in the severity of these crashes. Methods: This study was conducted by incorporating only traffic barrier crashes in Wyoming. Based on the literature review there are unique contributory factors in different crash types. Therefore, in addition to focusing on traffic barrier crashes, crashes were divided into two different highway classes: interstate and non-interstate highways. Results: The result of proportional odds assumption was an indication that multinomial logistic regression model is appropriate for both non-interstate and interstates crashes involved with traffic barriers. The results indicated that road surface conditions, age, driver restraint and negotiating a curve were some of the factors that impact the severity of traffic barrier crashes on non-interstate highways. On the other hand, the results of interstate barrier crashes indicated that besides types of barriers, driver condition, citation record, speed limit compliance were some of the factors that impacted the interstate traffic barrier crash severity. Conclusion: The results of this study would provide the policymakers with the directions to take appropriate countermeasures to alleviate the severity of traffic barrier crashes.
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Evans, Leonard. "Traffic Crashes." American Scientist 90, no. 3 (2002): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2002.9.722.

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Hu, Li Wei, and Jian Xiong. "Practice Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes Accident of a City in China." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.105.

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Many studies focused on the development of crash analysis approaches have resulted in aggregate practices and experiences to quantify the safety effects of human, geometric, traffic and environmental factors on the expected number of deaths, injuries, and/or property damage crashes at specific locations. Traffic crashes on roads are a major cause of road crashes in the metropolitan area of Xi’an. In an attempt to identify causes and consequences, reported traffic crashes for six years in Xi’an were analyzed using a sample of 2038 reports. The main types of information from such reports were extracted, coded, and statistically analyzed. Important results were obtained from frequency analyses as well as multiple contributory factors related to traffic crashes, including crash severity, time and location of occurrence, geometry of the road, AADT and v/c. This paper presents the results of such analyses and provides some recommendations to improve traffic safety and further studies to analyze potential crash locations.
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Zandi, Kamran, Ali Tavakoli Kashani, and Atsuyuki Okabe. "Influence of Traffic Parameters on the Spatial Distribution of Crashes on a Freeway to Increase Safety." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010493.

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Significant research has been conducted in recent years to determine crash hotspots. This study focused on the effects of various traffic parameters, including average traffic speed and traffic volume, on the spatial distributions of freeway crashes. Specifically, this study analyzed the spatial distributions of crashes on the Qazvin–Abyek freeway in Iran using four-year crash records. Spatial crash clustering analysis was performed to identify hotspots and high cluster segments using global Moran’s I, local Moran’s I, and Getis-Ord Gi*. The global Moran’s I indicated that clusters were formed under the low range of hourly traffic volume (less than 1107 veh/h) and the high range of traffic speed (more than 97 km/h), which increased the number of heavy vehicle crashes in the early morning (time 03–06) around the 52 km segment. The results obtained from kernel density estimation (KDE), local Moran’s I, and Getis-Ord Gi* revealed similar crash hotspots. The results further showed different spatial distributions of crashes for different traffic hourly volumes, traffic speed, and crash times, and there was hotspot migration by applying different traffic conditions. These findings can be used to identify high-risk crash conditions for traffic managers and help them to make the best decisions to enhance road safety.
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Carlson, Kristin, Alireza Ermagun, Brendan Murphy, Andrew Owen, and David Levinson. "Safety in Numbers for Bicyclists at Urban Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (May 25, 2019): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846480.

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This study assesses the estimated crashes per bicyclist and per vehicle as a function of bicyclist and vehicle traffic and tests whether greater traffic reduces the per-vehicle crash rate, a phenomenon referred to as “safety in numbers” (SIN). We present a framework for comprehensive bicyclist risk assessment modeling, using estimated bicyclist flow per intersection, observed vehicle flow, and crash records. Testing a two-part model of crashes, we reveal that both the average of annual average daily traffic (AADT) over a 14-year period and the estimated daily bicyclist traffic (DBT) have a diminishing return to scale in crashes. This accentuates the positive role of SIN. Higher volumes of vehicles and cyclists lowers not only the probability of crashes, but the number of crashes as well. Measuring the elasticity of the variables, it is found that a 1% increase in the average of AADT across the time window increases the probability of crashes by 0.14% and the number of crashes by 0.80%. However, a 1% increase in the estimated DBT increases the probability of crashes by 0.09% and the number of crashes by 0.50%.
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Yang, Bo, Yao Wu, and Weihua Zhang. "Analysis of Freeway Secondary Crashes in Different Traffic Flow States by Three-Phase Traffic Theory." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890351.

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The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between secondary crash risk and traffic flow states and explore the contributing factors of secondary crashes in different traffic flow states. Crash data and traffic data were collected on the I-880 freeway in California from 2006 to 2011. The traffic flow states are categorised by three-phase traffic theory. The Bayesian conditional logit model has been established to analyse the statistical relationship between the secondary crash probability and various traffic flow states. The results showed that free flow (F) state has the best safety performance of secondary crash and synchronized flow (S) state has the worst safety performance of secondary crashes. The traditional logistic regression model has been used to analyse the contributing factors of secondary crashes in different traffic flow states. The results indicated that the contributing factors in different traffic flow states are significantly different.
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Wu, Shubo, Quan Yuan, Zhongwei Yan, and Qing Xu. "Analyzing Accident Injury Severity via an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Model." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (September 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3771640.

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Vehicle to vulnerable road user (VRU) crashes occupy a large proportion of traffic crashes in China, and crash injury severity analysis can support traffic managers to understand the implicit rules behind the crashes. Therefore, 554 VRUs-involved crashes are collected from January, 2017, to February, 2021, in a city in northern China, including 322 vehicle-pedestrian crashes and 232 vehicle-bicycle crashes. First, a descriptive statistical analysis is conducted to investigate the characteristics of VRUs-involved crashes. Second, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is introduced to identify the importance of risk factors (i.e., time of day, day of week, rushing hour, crash position, weather, and crash involvements) of VRUs-involved crashes. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the risk factors are closely related to VRUs-involved crash injury severity. Moreover, the results of XGBoost reveal that time of day has the greatest impact on VRUs-involved crashes, and crash position shows the minimum importance among these risk factors.
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Adegbite, Qasim, Khondoker Billah, Hatim Sharif, and Samer Dessouky. "Urban Intersections and Traffic Safety in the City of San Antonio." MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927106003.

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Intersections are high-risk locations on roadways and often experience high incidence of crashes. Better understanding of the factors contributing to crashes and deaths at intersections is crucial. This study analyzed the factors related to crash incidence and crash severity at intersections in San Antonio for crashes from 2013 to 2017 and identified hotspot locations based on crash frequency and crash rates. Binary logistic regression model was considered for the analysis using crash severity as the response variable. Factors found to be significantly associated with the severity of intersection crashes include age of driver, day of the week, month, road alignment, and traffic control system. The crashes occurred predominantly in the highdensity center of the city (downtown area). Overall, the identification of risk factors and their impact on crash severity would be helpful for road safety policymakers to develop proactive mitigation plans to reduce the frequency and severity of intersection crashes.
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Ning, Huajing, Yunyan Yu, and Lu Bai. "Analyzing the Impact of Traffic Violation Behaviors on Traffic Fatal Crashes Using Multilevel Models on Expressways." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 6, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9917877.

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This study is intended to explore the impact of traffic violation behaviors on traffic fatal crashes on expressways. Based on the generalized additive model method, for independent traffic violation data and traffic fatal crash data from the Traffic Administration Bureau of Anhui Provincial Public Security Department, the relationship among the violations and traffic fatal crashes was discussed. Applying the proposed multilevel analysis method, which can effectively show the evolution trend among traffic violations and traffic fatal crashes influenced by time, space, and inter-reaction. The results show that hierarchical data structures should not be ignored. Meanwhile, in order to avoid fatal traffic collisions, we should reduce traffic violations, especially the control of speed on expressways This is because speeding is the most common traffic violation behavior and has a significant impact on traffic fatal crashes. The results could help strengthen our focus on key traffic violations and provide a reference for traffic safety management and decision-making.
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Jiang, Ze-Hao, Xiao-Guang Yang, Tuo Sun, Tao Wang, and Zheng Yang. "Investigating the Relationship between Traffic Violations and Crashes at Signalized Intersections: An Empirical Study in China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (April 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4317214.

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About 90% of traffic crashes are caused by human factors, within which traffic violations are one of the most typical and common causes. In order to investigate the relationship between traffic violations and traffic crashes, this research targets signalized intersections in two Chinese cities: Yinchuan and Suqian. Thirty-one intersections are selected as the research sites, and additionally, the traffic volume, traffic violation, and traffic crash data of each intersection are collected for one year. A White’s test is conducted to test the homoscedasticity of the data and a multiple linear regression model is employed to investigate the relationship between traffic crashes and violations. The results show the following: (1) although the research sites are located in two different cities, the data is homoscedastic, which suggests that the above result may be statistically stable between different cities. (2) There is a significant multiple linear regression relationship (R2 = 0.782, adjusted R2 = 0.716) between the total number of traffic crashes and traffic violations. Among the chosen 7 independent variables, four are significantly related to the dependent variable, namely, driving commercial vehicle during internship, wrong-way entry, speeding, and traffic-light violation. (3) With the increase of annual average daily traffic (AADT), the number of total crashes goes up; however, the injury-or-fatality rate decreases, which means that intersections with smaller traffic volumes tend to have higher traffic crash severity. Based on the above conclusions, it is possible to conduct more targeted enforcement to improve the safety of intersections.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traffic crashes"

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Kittelson, Matthew James. "The economic impact of traffic crashes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34804.

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The purpose of this thesis is to quantify the economic costs associated with traffic crashes for 83 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States and compare those costs to that of congestion. This was done by collecting injury and fatality data for each area and multiplying those by economic cost estimates for each developed by the FHWA. The findings of this analysis show that the economic cost of traffic crashes exceeds the economic costs of congestion in every metropolitan area studied. These results indicate that transportation safety deserves similar consideration to that of traffic congestion when allocation transportation funds.
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Vokurka, Christopher. "Relating wildlife crashes to road reconstruction." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317334891&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Moore, Lewis. "Weather-related crashes on public lands." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2849.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2007). Thesis director: Roger R. Stough. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Vita: p. 154. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-153). Also issued in print.
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Watson, Christopher Earl. "Statistical analysis of crashes occurring at intersections in malfunction flash." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26508.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Member: Hunter, Michael; Committee Member: Meyer, Michael; Committee Member: Rodgers, Michael. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Alhomidan, Abdullah. "INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC CRASHES IN TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS IN OHIO." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1165259225.

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O'Bryant, Adam L. "Factors associated with traffic crashes in Pasto, Colombia, 2005-2006." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07252008-155628/.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Karen Gieseker, committee chair; Ike S. Okosun, Victoria Espitia-Hardeman, committee members. Electronic text (69 p. : col. ill., col. map) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 29, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-66).
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Wu, Chi-Hung Evelyn. "Causal analysis of highway crashes : a systematic analysis approach with subjective and statistical methods." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20030.

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Breen, Lauren Jennifer. "Silenced voices experiences of grief following road traffic crashes in Western Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0026.html.

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Allen, Charles G. "Crashes in the Vicinity of Major Crossroads." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2668.pdf.

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Humphreys, Anne-Louise. "Minimising the Psychological Effects of Road Traffic Crashes in the UK." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526902.

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Books on the topic "Traffic crashes"

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Deutermann, William. Characteristics of fatal rollover crashes. Washington, D.C: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2002.

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Grant, Elizabeth. Road crashes in W.A.: 1991, the statistics. Perth, W.A: Research and Statistics Unit, W.A. Police Dept., 1992.

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Jennifer, Dumas, ed. Car crashes & other sad stories. Köln: Taschen, 2000.

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Victoria. Parliament. Road Safety Committee. Inquiry into crashes involving roadside objects: Report of the Road Safety Committee on the inquiry into crashes involving roadside objects. [Melbourne]: Victorian Govt. Printer, 2005.

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Subramanian, Rajesh. Analysis of crashes involving 15-passenger vans. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2004.

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Shankar, Umesh. Alcohol involvement in fatal motorcycle crashes. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, 2003.

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Naim, Wassim G. Analysis of crossing path crashes. [Washington, D.C.]: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2001.

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Cerrelli, Ezio C. 1994 traffic crashes, injuries, and fatalities: Preliminary report. [Washington, D.C.]: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1995.

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Dixon, Karen. Examination of crash trends in the southeastern US: Analysis of fatal crashes. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, 2009.

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Joseph, Da Corte, ed. Motorcycle safety and crashes. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traffic crashes"

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Bates, Lyndel, David Soole, and Barry Watson. "The Effectiveness of Traffic Policing in Reducing Traffic Crashes." In Policing and Security in Practice, 90–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137007780_6.

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Angell, Linda S., and Calvin S. von Buseck. "An Exploratory Study of Vehicle Type in Alcohol-Related Crashes." In Human Behavior and Traffic Safety, 285–335. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2173-6_14.

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Ramaekers, Johannes G., Günter Berghaus, MargrietW van Laar, and Olaf H. Drummer. "Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use: an update." In Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety, 477–99. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9923-8_29.

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Stradling, Stephen G., Dianne Parker, Timo Lajunen, Michelle L. Meadows, and Cheng Qiu Xiel. "Normal Behavior and Traffic Safety: Violations, Errors, Lapses and Crashes." In Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health — Human Behavior, 279–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57266-1_17.

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Tiwari, Geetam, and Dinesh Mohan. "Traffic Safety in India and Vision Zero." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 597–635. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_22.

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AbstractThis chapter presents the current state of traffic safety in India and a brief overview of history of traffic safety policies in India. The road safety policy adopted by the Government of India does not have any specific targets; however, the government has accepted the UN sustainable development goals (SDG) and targets in 2016. SDG 3.6 is related to road traffic injuries, and it requires that the fatalities due to road traffic crashes must be reduced by 50% by 2030. The last section of the chapter presents a roadmap for selected cities in India for achieving SDG target 3.6 by 2030 and discusses the results in the context of “Vision Zero” for India.
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Tiwari, Geetam, and Dinesh Mohan. "Traffic Safety in India and Vision Zero." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_22-1.

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AbstractThis chapter presents the current state of traffic safety in India and a brief overview of history of traffic safety policies in India. The road safety policy adopted by the Government of India does not have any specific targets; however, the government has accepted the UN sustainable development goals (SDG) and targets in 2016. SDG 3.6 is related to road traffic injuries, and it requires that the fatalities due to road traffic crashes must be reduced by 50% by 2030. The last section of the chapter presents a roadmap for selected cities in India for achieving SDG target 3.6 by 2030 and discusses the results in the context of “Vision Zero” for India.
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Connor, Jennie L. "The role of driver sleepiness in car crashes: a review of the epidemiological evidence." In Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety, 187–205. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9923-8_12.

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Aziz, Shawon, Pradeep Kumar Sarkar, and Jigesh Bhavsar. "Rating and Prioritization of Crashes Black Spots and Road Safety Measures. Case Study: National Highway-44, India." In Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering, 579–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3742-4_37.

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Hingson, Ralph W., and Wenxing Zha. "Changes in and predictors of driving after drug use and involvement in traffic crashes because of drugs, 1992–2005." In Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety, 397–413. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9923-8_25.

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Donelson, Alan C. "Between Molecule (Alcohol) and Mayhem (Road Crashes): The Case for Humane Intervention and the Role of Social and Behavioral Sciences." In Human Behavior and Traffic Safety, 421–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2173-6_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Traffic crashes"

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Pernía, J. C., J. J. Lu, X. Xie, M. Weng, and D. Snyder. "Effects of Signalization on Intersection Crashes." In International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40630(255)143.

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Wu, Huanmei, and Sravani Malipeddi. "Influential factors for severe traffic crashes." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icves.2011.5983749.

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Dissanayake, Sunanda, and Jian John Lu. "Factors Making Young Driver Highway Crashes More Severe." In International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40630(255)161.

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Mujalli, Randa Oqab, Griselda López, and Laura Garach. "Modeling Injury Severity of Vehicular Traffic Crashes." In the 2017 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3175516.3175532.

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Burke, Donald S., Martha W. Bidez, and Kathryn Mergl. "Cervical Spine Tolerance to Catastrophic Injury in Rollover Crash Environments." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204926.

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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) rollovers have a higher fatality rate than all other kinds of crash modes. Of the 6,159,287 police reported crashes in 2005 in the United States, only 4.1% involved a rollover. Yet, rollovers accounted for 34.4% (10,816) of all passenger vehicle fatalities and another 149,406 individuals sustained serious injuries in rollover crashes in 2005 [5].
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Kirk, Adam, and Nikiforos Stamatiadis. "Traffic Maneuver Problems and Crashes of Young Drivers." In Driving Assessment Conference. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1049.

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Islam, Mahnaz Rafia, Israt Jahan Jenny, Moniruzzaman Nayon, Md Rajibul Islam, Md Amiruzzaman, and M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud. "Clustering Algorithms to Analyze the Road Traffic Crashes." In 2021 International Conference on Science & Contemporary Technologies (ICSCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsct53883.2021.9642542.

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Robbins, C. J., S. Fotios, J. Uttley, and R. Rowe. "OPTIMISING ROAD LIGHTING TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES." In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.op32.

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Pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users, being over represented in road traffic collisions (RTCs). One assumed benefit of road lighting is a reduction in RTCs after dark by countering the impairment to the visual detection of hazards that occur after dark. One way to optimise the use of road lighting is to light only those sections of road where light level, and hence visibility, is an important factor. The current study used change in ambient light level on RTCs to investigate those situations where improved vision is likely to have significant impact, and therefore the situations where road lighting is of better cost-benefit effectiveness. For both motorcyclist and pedestrian RTCs there was a significant increase in overall RTC risk in darkness compared to daylight, indicating that there may be an overall benefit of road lighting. While darkness was a particular detriment at junctions for motorcyclists and on high-speed roads for pedestrians, road lighting may not be effective mitigation in either case and therefore alternative ways of increasing conspicuity should be considered.
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Morrison, Christopher. "106 Sobriety checkpoints and alcohol-related traffic crashes." In 14th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2022) abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-safety2022.46.

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Guido, Giuseppe, Vincenzo Pasquale Giofre, Vittorio Astarita, and Alessandro Vitale. "Using traffic microsimulation to evaluate potential crashes: some results." In 2019 IEEE/ACM 23rd International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ds-rt47707.2019.8958687.

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Reports on the topic "Traffic crashes"

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Ukkusuri, Satish, Lu Ling, Tho V. Le, and Wenbo Zhang. Performance of Right-Turn Lane Designs at Intersections. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317277.

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Right-turn lane (RTL) crashes are among the most key contributors to intersection crashes in the US. Different right turn lanes based on their design, traffic volume, and location have varying levels of crash risk. Therefore, engineers and researchers have been looking for alternative ways to improve the safety and operations for right-turn traffic. This study investigates the traffic safety performance of the RTL in Indiana state based on multi-sources, including official crash reports, official database, and field study. To understand the RTL crashes' influencing factors, we introduce a random effect negative binomial model and log-linear model to estimate the impact of influencing factors on the crash frequency and severity and adopt the robustness test to verify the reliability of estimations. In addition to the environmental factors, spatial and temporal factors, intersection, and RTL geometric factors, we propose build environment factors such as the RTL geometrics and intersection characteristics to address the endogeneity issues, which is rarely addressed in the accident-related research literature. Last, we develop a case study with the help of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). The empirical analyses indicate that RTL crash frequency and severity is mainly influenced by turn radius, traffic control, and other intersection related factors such as right-turn type and speed limit, channelized type, and AADT, acceleration lane and AADT. In particular, the effects of these factors are different among counties and right turn lane roadway types.
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Hu, Xiaoqiang, Jieyi Bao, Yi Jiang, and Shuo Li. Highway Lighting Test Bed on INDOT Facility (Off-Roadway). Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317384.

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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), during 2016 there were 7,277,000 vehicle crashes nationally. Among them, approximately 70% happened during the daytime and around 30% of crashes occurred during the nighttime. There were 11,375 nighttime fatal crashes that account for about 48% of total fatal crashes (23,714). Given the fact that only 25%–33% of the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) occur at night, the above statistics indicate that the nighttime crash fatality rate is much higher and nighttime crashes are usually more severe compared to daytime crashes. Providing lighting on roadways is one of the proven safety countermeasures for preventing crashes and reducing fatalities. In particular, lighting at roadway intersections can reduce vehicle crashes by 10% to 26%. Currently, to conduct lighting field testing, INDOT is using several in-service highways, intersections, interchanges, and rest areas. These locations require traffic control and lane closures, which raises safety concerns and causing inconvenience to the public. In addition to the cost and safety concerns, during the evaluation period the new luminaires being tested actually functioned as lighting sources in place of the existing luminaires that were removed in order to install the new luminaires. This means that the new luminaries were used for roadway lighting at the test sites even before they were proven to meet the roadway lighting requirements. To eliminate traffic control and potential safety concerns, it was proposed to create test beds for field evaluating and to verify the performance of new lighting technologies and luminaires in a controlled, standard setting. Through this study, two lighting test bed facilities were designed and constructed. Illuminance values of installed luminaires were manually measured by a remotely controlled electric cart and drone. The measured illuminance values were analyzed and the analysis indicated that the efficiency of illuminance measurement can be significantly improved by automated methods. An illuminance data repository model was developed to be an effective tool that can greatly facilitate data input and storage process. The use of this model will further increase the productivity of illuminance measurement at the lighting test beds.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Qiming Guo, and Raul Pineda-Mendez. Using Emerging and Extraordinary Data Sources to Improve Traffic Safety. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317283.

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The current safety management program in Indiana uses a method based on aggregate crash data for conditions averaged over several-year periods with consideration of only major roadway features. This approach does not analyze the risk of crashes potentially affected by time-dependent conditions such as traffic control, operations, weather and their interaction with road geometry. With the rapid development of data collection techniques, time-dependent data have emerged, some of which have become available for safety management. This project investigated the feasibility of using emerging and existing data sources to supplement the current safety management practices in Indiana and performed a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the new data sources and their relevance to traffic safety analysis. In two case studies, time-dependent data were acquired and integrated to estimate their effects on the hourly probability of crash and its severity on two selected types of roads: (1) rural freeways and (2) signalized intersections. The results indicate a considerable connection between hourly traffic volume, average speeds, and weather conditions on the hourly probability of crash and its severity. Although some roadway geometric features were found to affect safety, the lack of turning volume data at intersections led to some counterintuitive results. Improvements have been identified to be implemented in the next phase of the project to eliminate these undesirable results.
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Mathew, Sonu, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, and Sarvani Duvvuri. Modeling and Predicting Geospatial Teen Crash Frequency. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2119.

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This research project 1) evaluates the effect of road network, demographic, and land use characteristics on road crashes involving teen drivers, and, 2) develops and compares the predictability of local and global regression models in estimating teen crash frequency. The team considered data for 201 spatially distributed road segments in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, USA for the evaluation and obtained data related to teen crashes from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database. The team extracted demographic and land use characteristics using two different buffer widths (0.25 miles and 0.5 miles) at each selected road segment, with the number of crashes on each road segment used as the dependent variable. The generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution (GLM-based NB model) as well as the geographically weighted negative binomial regression (GWNBR) and geographically weighted negative binomial regression model with global dispersion (GWNBRg) were developed and compared. This research relied on data for 147 geographically distributed road segments for modeling and data for 49 segments for validation. The annual average daily traffic (AADT), light commercial land use, light industrial land use, number of household units, and number of pupils enrolled in public or private high schools are significant explanatory variables influencing the teen crash frequency. Both methods have good predictive capabilities and can be used to estimate the teen crash frequency. However, the GWNBR and GWNBRg better capture the spatial dependency and spatial heterogeneity among road teen crashes and the associated risk factors.
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Liu, Hongrui, and Rahul Ramachandra Shetty. Analytical Models for Traffic Congestion and Accident Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2102.

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In the US, over 38,000 people die in road crashes each year, and 2.35 million are injured or disabled, according to the statistics report from the Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT) in 2020. In addition, traffic congestion keeping Americans stuck on the road wastes millions of hours and billions of dollars each year. Using statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms, this research developed accurate predictive models for traffic congestion and road accidents to increase understanding of the complex causes of these challenging issues. The research used US Accidents data consisting of 49 variables describing 4.2 million accident records from February 2016 to December 2020, as well as logistic regression, tree-based techniques such as Decision Tree Classifier and Random Forest Classifier (RF), and Extreme Gradient boosting (XG-boost) to process and train the models. These models will assist people in making smart real-time transportation decisions to improve mobility and reduce accidents.
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Williams, Michael, Marcial Lamera, Aleksander Bauranov, Carole Voulgaris, and Anurag Pande. Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1925.

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Edge lane roads (ELRs), also known as advisory bike lanes or advisory shoulders, are a type of shared street where two-way motor vehicle (MV) traffic shares a single center lane, and edge lanes on either side are preferentially reserved for vulnerable road users (VRUs). This work comprises a literature review, an investigation of ELRs’ operational characteristics and potential road user interactions via simulation, and a study of crash data from existing American and Australian ELRs. The simulation evaluated the impact of various factors (e.g., speed, volume, directional split, etc.) on ELR operation. Results lay the foundation for a siting criterion. Current American siting guidance relies only upon daily traffic volume and speed—an approach that inaccurately models an ELR’s safety. To evaluate the safety of existing ELRs, crash data were collected from ELR installations in the US and Australia. For US installations, Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis resulted in an aggregate CMF of .56 for 11 installations observed over 8 years while serving more than 60 million vehicle trips. The data from the Australian State of Queensland involved rural one-lane, low-volume, higher-speed roads, functionally equivalent to ELRs. As motor vehicle volume grows, these roads are widened to two-lane facilities. While the authors observed low mean crash rates on the one-lane roads, analysis of recently converted (from one-lane to two-lane) facilities showed that several experienced fewer crashes than expected after conversion to two-lane roads.
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.

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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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Li, Howell, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Jairaj Desai, Timothy Wells, and Darcy M. Bullock. Extraction of Vehicle CAN Bus Data for Roadway Condition Monitoring. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317212.

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Obtaining timely information across the state roadway network is important for monitoring the condition of the roads and operating characteristics of traffic. One of the most significant challenges in winter roadway maintenance is identifying emerging or deteriorating conditions before significant crashes occur. For instance, almost all modern vehicles have accelerometers, anti-lock brake (ABS) and traction control systems. This data can be read from the Controller Area Network (CAN) of the vehicle, and combined with GPS coordinates and cellular connectivity, can provide valuable on-the-ground sampling of vehicle dynamics at the onset of a storm. We are rapidly entering an era where this vehicle data can provide an agency with opportunities to more effectively manage their systems than traditional procedures that rely on fixed infrastructure sensors and telephone reports. This data could also reduce the density of roadway weather information systems (RWIS), similar to how probe vehicle data has reduced the need for micro loop or side fire sensors for collecting traffic speeds.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo, and Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.

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Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.
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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.

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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
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