Relevant bibliographies by topics / Traffic circles – Design and construction

Academic literature on the topic 'Traffic circles – Design and construction'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Traffic circles – Design and construction"

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Xia, Qian, and Lei Shi. "An Optimized Design Scheme for Roundabout Traffic Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1884.

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Roundabouts have since become increasingly common. Statistically, roundabouts are safer for drivers and pedestrians than both traffic circles and traditional intersections. However, in the actual life, now roundabout faces the challenge that the traffic flow exceeds the limit. In order to decrease the construction cost and maximize the benefits, in accordance with the analysis of the roundabout capacity and traffic signal control, the author put forward a self-suitable red light adjustment scheme based on BP neural network. At last, integrating the roundabout traffic management system actually investigated, selecting the data to do the test to prove the validity of the mentioned scheme.
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Xing, Yang, and Yangzhi Sheng. "Research on the Oretical Innovation and Design Method of the Integration of Highway and Toruism." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301112.

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Highway is an important carrier for the integration of transportation and tourism. At present, there are still some problems in the integration of highway transportation and tourism, such as unclear connotation, unclear thinking, inadequate understanding and incomplete measures. In order to better promote the integration development of Expressway and tourism t solve the problems encountered in the practice of various places, the advantages and disadvantages of the integration of Expressway and tourism are analyzed on the basis of a comprehensive review of the current development situation and needs of tourism and transportation industry. According to the basic characteristics of expressway, this paper innovatively puts forward the basic connotation, main characteristics, main contents and construction significance of expressway traffic integration. According to the requirements of the integration and development of tourism and transportation, this paper probes into the point-axis theory, circle theory and tourism flow theory related to tourism and transportation, and puts forward the application value of each theory in the field of tourism and transportation. Under the guidance of relevant theories, the main ideas of highway traffic integration, the basic elements and key design points of highway traffic integration are put forward. Comparing with the traditional expressway, the paper puts forward the main points of the route design of the tourist expressway, the main points of the interchange design of the tourist expressway which is different from the traditional expressway kilometers, the three types of the service area of the tourist expressway, and the four innovative design modes of the tourist Expressway sightseeing and recreation area. Combining with the relevant theories of tourism flow, this paper innovatively puts forward the traffic volume forecasting method of tourism expressway. Finally, from the land, capital and construction mode, the paper puts forward the guarantee measures of highway traffic integration.
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Li, Qing, Kaili Peng, and Peng Cheng. "Community-Level Urban Green Space Equity Evaluation Based on Spatial Design Network Analysis (sDNA): A Case Study of Central Wuhan, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910174.

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Urban green spaces (UGSs) provide numerous irreplaceable environmental and social benefits to humankind, but the lack of baseline information makes it difficult to propose a reasonable greening strategy so as to achieve an equitable allocation of community green spaces. This paper divides UGSs into three classes using the spatial design network analysis (sDNA) and quantifies the UGS accessibility of communities in central Wuhan. Based on these results and the Gini coefficient, we analyze the UGS equity of the spatial distribution at the community level, then propose future greening strategies both at the city and community levels. The results show that the railway station and old Wuhan city are the core areas of traffic network strength (TNS). UGSs are evenly distributed in the core areas of TNS, but the number of UGSs in non-core areas is small, and their distribution is relatively uneven, and the number of communities with medium UGS accessibility is the largest, carrying the densest residential population. Most communities perform well in terms of UGS equity, but the UGS equity of 163 communities, covering a population of more than one million, remains to be improved. The method and conclusions of this study will contribute to the future greening policy making of 965 communities in central Wuhan, thus promoting the orderly planning and high-quality construction of community living circles.
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WANG, Mou. "Strategic and Economic Significances of the Construction of South Silk Road." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500165.

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Ever since ancient times, South Silk Road has been an important business channel that connects China and Southeast Asian countries. In ancient times, it had great significances for international trades and cultural exchanges; today, South Silk Road constitutes the historical foundation for modern national defense, international trade and peaceful diplomacy with countries along the Road. As the sub-regional cooperation of the "One Belt and One Road" strategy, South Silk Road plays an important role in consolidating peripheral diplomacy and promoting opening and development of China's southwest region, which is of great strategic and economic significance. This paper proposes to initiate a cooperative construction plan, together with countries along South Silk Road, grounded upon integrative top design for promoting the development of South Silk Road. Branches of Silk Road Fund and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) would be encouraged to establish in Kunming. The plan would also support implementation of cooperative projects. It is expected to coordinate Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces to build Southeast Asian Economic Circle and to construct logistic and transport platforms of Yangtze Economic Belt; through integrating shipping and railway transportation, it would establish traffic system with high speed and low costs, and a South Silk Road Tourist Belt would be constructed for the emergence and proliferation of cultural exchanges and cross-border tourism products with international influences.
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Dakhil, Ali, Dheyaa Alobaidi, and Saba Shaheed. "Studying and evaluating the performance of pedestrian crossing facilities in Babil governorate." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.39.

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Walking is one of the oldest means of mobility. It is an indispensable necessity to reach destinations despite the fact that walking or walking is one of everyday activities of man, which have positive effects on health, and activity on the one hand; vehicles cannot reach destinations only required by often walking from the other. The main problem address by the research is the random passage of the sieve and uncontrolled when it is most designs for the city’s road network have not addressed. This fundamental problem as well as the lack of a city to the safe facilities to cross the pedestrian. Therefore, this paper is a trial to study and analyze the current reality of crossing the sap then find solutions and treatments that reduce or limit the overlap between different traffic events and events crossing the pedestrian. Field data on the syllabic traffic volumes collected in all areas of the study (peak hour volume) and the photographic technique method. The study chose four areas to study the sap (60th Street, 40th Street, Al-Hussein, intersection circle at Babel Health Department), which are residential, commercial and educational zones, representing diversity in land use and scheme sidewalk and the design of the city of Hilla. The study attempted to show the state of lateral walks. The study also used the questionnaire method (interview survey) to determine the suitability of pedestrian bridges in transit and land transit. The study concluded that the area of Al-Hussein represents the highest traffic volumes of the sieve in addition to the lack of it the sidewalks in terms of absorption and quality and abuses. As well as the reluctance to use pedestrian bridges in transit in the area of 60th Street through high ground transit time, which necessitates the establishment of dual-step (fixed and mobile) – legislation and education through all means.
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Wu, Xinyang, and Chuying Chen. "Spatial Distribution and Accessibility of High Level Scenic Spots in Inner Mongolia." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 7329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127329.

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Based on the data of high-level scenic spots in Inner Mongolia, the methods of the nearest neighbor index, kernel density, accessibility, and spatial autocorrelation are used to systematically sort out the spatial distribution pattern, accessibility, and influencing factors of various types of scenic spots. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis. The spatial distribution of different types of tourist attractions in Inner Mongolia is in a state of “small agglomeration and large dispersion”. The spatial accessibility of different types of tourist attractions in Inner Mongolia is generally poor, and the temporal accessibility presents an inverted U-shaped distribution over time. The county-level accessibility of different types of scenic spots in Inner Mongolia is relatively poor, basically showing an oblique distribution pattern of low in the west and high in the east. The influencing factors of the spatial distribution pattern and accessibility of various scenic spots in Inner Mongolia mainly include the natural environment, transportation network, resource endowment, and economic level. This study proposes an optimal path for accessibility according to the aspects of the design of tourism scenic areas in a circle and the construction of tourist traffic and facilities, as well as the linkage design of tourist routes.
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Fauzi, A. Rizki, and Markawie Markawie. "DESIGN OF COMPOSITE GIRDER STRUCTURE BRIDGE OF SELUANG-1 RIVER PT LIFERE AGRO KAPUAS, KAPUAS DISTRICT." CERUCUK 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/crc.v4i1.3576.

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The bridge at the Seluang-1 river is located around the palm oil plantation land owned by PT Lifere Agro Kapuas, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan. In this Seluang-1 river, a bridge is planned to be built to facilitate the mobilization of palm oil plantation crops and other matters as well as transportation in the PT Lifere Agro Kapuas area because before there was a bridge the transportation traffic was cut off by the river so it had to circle quite a long way. The bridge is designed as a bridge with composite girder structure type. The methodology in the design of loading uses the SNI 1725-2016 concerning on the Loading Standards for Bridges and SNI 2833-2016 concerning on the Earthquake Resilience Planning Standards for Bridges. For methodology in designing concrete structures refer to SNI 2847-2013 concerning Structural Concrete Requirements for Buildings and methodology in designing steel structures refers to SNI 1729-2015 concerning Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings. The material used for abutment uses reinforced concrete material. The methodology in calculating the bearing capacity of the foundation uses the method by Mayerhof and also the method by Kazuto Nakazawa, while the methodology in calculating the lateral bearing capacity uses the Broms method, with the efficiency of the pile using a graph by O’Neill. From the results of topographic measurements taken a bridge design with a span of 30 m with a total bridge width of 7 m. The slab design is 25 cm thick with the compressive strenght of concrete is fc’ 30 MPa (K-350). The steel girder beam used WF Profile 1350.800.100.130 and the diaphragm beam used WF Profile 250.125.6.9 with BJ55 steel quality (fy 410 MPa). Whereas in the lower structure, the abutment designed with a height of 350 cm, a width of 320 cm and a length of 850 cm, was used with compressive strenght of concrete is fc’ 30 MPa (K-350). In the foundation used Spun Pile type piles with a diameter of 60 cm with a depth of 30 m piling as much as 8 piles on one abutment. Obtained Qallow = 116,37 tons > Qload = 114,69 tons so that the foundation is declared safe. The planned budget for the construction of a bridge on the Seluang-1 river is Rp 8.990.566.000,00.-
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Chiang, Ching-Shoei, and Hung-Chieh Li. "Area-Construction Algorithms Using Tangent Circles." Advances in Technology Innovation 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2020.819.

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Computer aided geometric design employs mathematical and computational methods for describing geometric objects, such as curves, areas in two dimensions (2D) and surfaces, and solids in 3D. An area can be represented using its boundary curves, and a solid can be represented using its boundary surfaces with intersection curves among these boundary surfaces. In addition, other methods, such as the medial-axis transform, can also be used to represent an area. Although most researchers have presented algorithms that find the medial-axis transform from an area, a algorithm using the contrasting approach is proposed; i.e., it finds an area using a medial-axis transform. The medial-axis transform is constructed using discrete points on a curve and referred to as the skeleton of the area. Subsequently, using the aforementioned discrete points, medial-axis circles are generated and referred to as the muscles of the area. Finally, these medial-axis circles are blended and referred to as the blended boundary curves skin of the area; consequently, the boundary of the area generated is smooth.
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Hu, Xiang Dong, and Jin Tai Wang. "The Triaxial Shear Test of Artificially Frozen Soils in Tunnel Construction of Hong Kong." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1653.

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Three kinds of frozen soils were tested for artificial ground freezing (AGF) project in the tunnel construction of Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Works, Hong Kong. Triaxial shear test was conducted to obtain shear strength of frozen soils. From the test, Mohr circles and their envelopes were obtained. According to Mohr circles, shear strength of the three soils was gained. Comparing the three soils, we found the potential weaken layer which might cause failure in the construction. All the parameters obtained can be used in design and construction of AGF practice.
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Usikalu, M. R., A. Okere, O. Ayanbisi, T. A. Adagunodo, and I. O. Babarimisa. "Design and Construction of Density Based Traffic Control System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 331 (October 16, 2019): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/331/1/012047.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traffic circles – Design and construction"

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Jo, Seung-Koo. "A balance between pedestrian and vehicular movement in relation to street configuration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23433.

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Rafferty, Paula S. "Spatial Analysis of North Central Texas Traffic Fatalities 2001-2006." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33195/.

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A traditional two dimensional (planar) statistical analysis was used to identify the clustering types of North Central Texas traffic fatalities occurring in 2001-2006. Over 3,700 crash locations clustered in ways that were unlike other researched regions. A two dimensional (x and y coordinates) space was manipulated to mimic a one dimensional network to identify the tightest clustering of fatalities in the nearly 400,000 crashes reported from state agencies from 2003-2006. The roadway design was found to significantly affect crash location. A one dimensional (linear) network analysis was then used to measure the statistically significant clustering of flow variables of after dark crashes and daylight crashes. Flow variables were determined to significantly affect crash location after dark. The linear and planar results were compared and the one dimensional, linear analysis was found to be more accurate because it did not over detect the clustering of events on a network.
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Tornaris, George Andreas. "Traffic flow management under emergency conditions in and around the Virginia Tidewater area tunnels." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101325.

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Most vehicular tunnels, due to their restrictive and confined environment require continuous traffic surveillance and control. This is achieved by a variety of systems like closed circuit TV monitoring, personnel stationed in the tunnel, overheight & speed detectors and others. Traffic flow data were obtained from the Interstate 64(I -64) Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel. The data were analyzed and conclusions were drawn about traffic flow behavior at the different tunnel sections. During the operation of a tunnel, capacity reductions are often experienced due to temporary lane closures. These could result from incidences occurring in the tunnel area or due to regular maintenance activities. This work concentrates on the former case. A microcomputer model called Queue and User Cost Evaluation of Work Zones(QUEWZ) was employed in studying lane closure scenarios for the Virginia Tidewater Area Tunnels. In case of significant capacity reductions or complete blockages of directions of travel, it is desired to know beforehand the impact expected on the surrounding network. Traffic management actions like rerouting policies could be implemented and thus alleviate the problem. MASSVAC2, a computer simulation model for mass evacuation under emergency conditions was employed for analyzing different traffic management scenarios.
M.S.
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Malan, Andreas Dawid. "Critical normal traffic loading for flexure of bridges according to TMH7." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80013.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Different types of live loading due to traffic may act on bridges. The focus of this study is on normal traffic loading according to the South African specification of TMH7. Heavy vehicles are not included in normal traffic loading. TMH7 represents the code of practice for the design of highway bridges and culverts in South Africa. The aim of the study is to provide an insight into the flexural analysis of skew bridges, under the effects of normal traffic loading. The need for the study arose since the specification of TMH7 does not explicitly specify application patterns for normal traffic loading. Only the intensity of normal traffic loading is specified and it should be applied to yield the most adverse effects. For these reasons, a set of so-called standard application patterns are investigated and developed through the course of this study. The envelope of the values from the standard application patterns are compared to the most adverse application pattern for flexural effects in certain design regions of the bridge deck. Flexure, as in the context of this study, translates into the bending and twisting of the bridge deck under loads. A number of numerical experiments are performed for typical single span and multi-span continuous carriageways, where the standard application patterns are compared to the most adverse application patterns. The results from the numerical experiments are documented and compared as the angle of skew of the bridge deck increases in plan-view. For this purpose, the development of effective and specialized software was necessary. It was found that the set of standard application patterns can be used as a preliminary approximation for the most adverse effects of normal traffic loading, for specific flexural resultants in certain design regions of a bridge deck. However, for a large number of secondary flexural effects, the set of standard application patterns did not represent a good approximation for the most adverse values.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskillende tipes lewendige belasting, as gevolg van verkeer, kan op brûe inwerk. Die fokus van die studie is op normale verkeers-belasting volgens die Suid-Afrikaanse spesifikasie van TMH7. Swaar-voertuie word nie ingesluit by normale verkeers-belasting nie. TMH7 verteenwoordig die kode vir die ontwerp van padbrûe en duikers in Suid-Afrika. Die doel van die studie is om insig te verskaf in die buig-analise van skewe brûe, as gevolg van die werking van normale verkeers-belasting. Die rede vir hierdie studie ontstaan aangesien die spesifikasie van TMH7 nie eksplisiet aanwendingspatrone vir normale verkeers-belasting voorskryf nie. Slegs die intensiteit van normale verkeersbelasting word voorgeskryf en dit moet aangewend word om die negatiefste effekte te verkry. Vir hierdie redes word 'n versameling van sogenaamde standaard aanwendings-patrone deur die loop van die studie ondersoek en ontwikkel. Die omhullings-kurwe van die waardes wat deur die standaard patrone gelewer word, word vergelyk met die waarde van die aanwendings-patroon wat die negatiefste buig-effek in sekere ontwerp-areas van die brugdek veroorsaak. Buig-effekte, soos van toepassing op hierdie studie, verwys na buig en wring van die brugdek as gevolg van belastings. 'n Aantal numeriese eksperimente, vir enkel-span sowel as multi-span deurlopende brugdekke, word uitgevoer en die standaard aanwendings-patrone word vergelyk met die aanwendings-patrone wat die negatiefste waardes lewer. Die resultate van die numeriese eksperimente word gedokumenteer en vergelyk soos die hoek van skeefheid van die brugdek in plan-aansig toeneem. Vir hierdie doel is die ontwikkeling van effektiewe en gespesialiseerde sagteware dus nodig. Daar is gevind dat die standaard aanwendings-patrone, vir spesifieke buig-resultante in sekere ontwerp-areas van die brugdek, as 'n voorlopige benadering vir die negatiefste effekte van normale verkeers-belasting gebruik kan word. Dit was egter verder gevind dat vir 'n groot aantal sekondêre buig-effkte, die versameling standaard aanwendings-patrone nie as 'n goeie benadering vir die negatiefste waardes dien nie.
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Lau, Chung-sum Edmund, and 劉淞森. "A study of evaluation methodology for passenger handling facilities insubway stations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950632.

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Shankar, Sanjeev. "Analysis of microprocessor based vehicular instrumentation and automatic passenger counting systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41570.

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Information on transit ridership and operations is a necessary condition as far as efficient management is considered. Transit managements on the acquisition of such a data base can confirm predictions about scheduling, receive warnings about potential dangers and plan future operations on a much broader and precise base. Data from passenger counts provide essential information to marketing and scheduling personnel by identifying peak load-points and the such. Using manual collection methods for such data is expensive and prone to human errors. Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) systems are viewed as an improved and economical technique for data collection. Such systems monitor the progress of a particular vehicle -- its position, number of passengers getting on and off, times and distances between stops -- and make this data available for processing. These are state of the art systems, mostly microprocessor based and often embracing a modular structure. The Red Pine system is such a system with different dedicated modules for each bank of tasks. Multitasking software is seen to be an powerful tool for such systems and simplify the architecture of the system hardware. A CHMOS hardware design, suited for multitasking softwares is provided. Interfacing software for the Red Pine system has been developed and is explained. Debugging testing and simulation of the Red Pine hardware is detailed. Modifications have been recorded and improvements suggested.


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Thomas, Noura. "Analysis of right-turn lane length in left-hand traffic countries at signalised intersections of urban roads." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1781.

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Analysis of the right turn lane length of urban roads in left-hand traffic countries, such as Australia, UK and India (left-turn lane length in right-hand traffic countries such as USA), at signalised intersections encounters two main geometric features namely, deceleration length and storage length. The literature shows that in routine practice, the deceleration length is generally estimated by using constant deceleration rate. Many researchers consider this assumption for all design speeds unrealistic as it does not reflect the influence of the pavement condition. Hence, it may be desirable to consider the pavement’s condition in terms of its longitudinal coefficient of friction in the design analysis. In regard to the storage length, a large number of the current guidelines and models estimate the storage length of right-turn lane at signalised intersections under split phase. Hence, there is a need to examine other phase types and timings and integrate the signal timing as a part of the geometric design In this thesis, two analytical expressions have been analysed for the design of deceleration length. The first expression assumes a constant deceleration rate, and the second expression employs the concept of forces on a rotating wheel in which the coefficient of longitudinal friction between a vehicle’s tyres and the road surface is considered. The calculated deceleration lengths by these two expressions were compared with the recommended values in American and Australian standards as well as with the deceleration lengths that were obtained by a recent simulation study presented in the literature. It has been found that applying a constant deceleration rate of 2.74 m/s2 in the first expression provides the values of deceleration length comparable to most guidelines and studies. The second expression highlights the importance of using the pavement design in terms of the coefficient of friction to reduce the deceleration length in the case of limited space. A MATLAB based simulation programme has been developed to provide an estimate of the right-turn lane storage length for different traffic volumes in order to avoid the problems associated with blocking and overflow of right turn vehicles in 95% of cycles. In established intersections that cannot be modified due to physical constraints, the model is flexible enough to examine different signal phase types and timings and provides other solutions to reduce overflow and/or blockage situations. The simulation model also takes into consideration the leftover queue. The model results have been compared against an available analytical method in which similar signal phases and timings were investigated. The outcomes are similar to those of the analytical model in most of the signal phase types. The simulation model provides the flexibility to estimate the right-turn lane length for different combinations of through lane and right-turn lane traffic volumes. The developed simulation model has also been validated against the field data using three parameters, namely 95th percentile of maximum queue, overflow cycle percentage, and blockage cycle percentage. Comparing with the field observations yields a level of accuracy in the range of 78%-85%. Finally this simulation model has been used to optimise the green time in the case of split phase that demonstrates a large difference in traffic volumes of two opposite approaches; this could reduce the mean wait time by up to 28%.
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譚智傑 and Chi-kit Andy Tam. "Transportation planning towards a responsive urban street environment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980296.

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Johnson, Pamela Christine. "Bicycle Level of Service: Where are the Gaps in Bicycle Flow Measures?" PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1975.

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Bicycle use is increasing in many parts of the U.S. Local and regional governments have set ambitious bicycle mode share goals as part of their strategy to curb greenhouse gas emissions and relieve traffic congestion. In particular, Portland, Oregon has set a 25% mode share goal for 2030 (PBOT 2010). Currently bicycle mode share in Portland is 6.1% of all trips. Other cities and regional planning organizations are also setting ambitious bicycle mode share goals and increasing bicycle facilities and programs to encourage bicycling. Increases in bicycle mode share are being encouraged to increase. However, cities with higher-than-average bicycle mode share are beginning to experience locations with bicycle traffic congestion, especially during peak commute hours. Today, there are no established methods are used to describe or measure bicycle traffic flows. In the 1960s, the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) introduced Level of Service (LOS) measurements to describe traffic flow and capacity of motor vehicles on highways using an A-to-F grading system; "A" describes free flow traffic with no maneuvering constraints for the driver and an "F" grade corresponds to over capacity situations in which traffic flow breaks down or becomes "jammed". LOS metrics were expanded to highway and road facilities, operations and design. In the 1990s, the HCM introduced LOS measurements for transit, pedestrians, and bicycles. Today, there are many well established and emerging bicycle level of service (BLOS) methods that measure the stress, comfort and perception of safety of bicycle facilities. However, it was been assumed that bicycle traffic volumes are low and do not warrant the use of a LOS measure for bicycle capacity and traffic flow. There are few BLOS methods that take bicycle flow into consideration, except for in the case of separated bicycle and bicycle-pedestrian paths. This thesis investigated the state of BLOS capacity methods that use bicycle volumes as a variable. The existing methods were applied to bicycle facility elements along a corridor that experiences high bicycle volumes in Portland, Oregon. Using data from the study corridor, BLOS was calculated and a sensitivity analysis was applied to each of the methods to determine how sensitive the models are to each of the variables used. An intercept survey was conducted to compare the BLOS capacity scores calculated for the corridor with the users' perception. In addition, 2030 bicycle mode share for the study corridor was estimated and the implications of increased future bicycle congestion were discussed. Gaps in the BLOS methods, limitations of the thesis study and future research were summarized. In general, the existing methods for BLOS capacity are intended for separated paths; they are not appropriate for existing high traffic flow facilities. Most of the BLOS traffic flow methods that have been developed are most sensitive to bicycle volumes. Some of these models may be a good starting point to improve BLOS capacity and traffic flow measures for high bicycle volume locations. Without the tools to measure and evaluate the patterns of bicycle capacity and traffic flow, it will be difficult to monitor and mitigate bicycle congestion and to plan for efficient bicycle facilities in the future. This report concludes that it is now time to develop new BLOS capacity measures that address bicycle traffic flow.
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Pajjuri, Srinivas Reddy. "Computer model to simulate truck accidents on exit ramps." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040509/.

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Books on the topic "Traffic circles – Design and construction"

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Tian, Zongzhong. Roundabout geometric design guidance. Sacramento, CA: California Dept. of Transportation, 2007.

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Jacquemart, Georges. Modern roundabout practice in the United States. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1998.

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Mauro, Raffaele. Calculation of roundabouts: Capacity, waiting phenomena and reliability. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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W, Robinson Bruce, National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, and United States. Federal Highway Administration, eds. Roundabouts: An informational guide. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, 2010.

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Robinson, Bruce W. Roundabouts: An informational guide. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2000.

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Rodegerdts, Lee A. Roundabouts in the United States. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2007.

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Montana. Dept. of Transportation. Finding of no significant impact for project number MT(009) project name Billings - Airport Road control number 4743 in city of Billings, Yellowstone County, Montana. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2006.

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Montana. Dept. of Transportation. Environmental assessment for MT (009) Billings Airport Road (CN 4743) in Yellowstone County. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2005.

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Bernsen, Jens. Design af trafikkens skilte = Design of the Danish traffic signs. Copenhagen: Dansk Design Center, 1996.

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Basil, Psarianos, and Mailaender Theodor, eds. Highway design and traffic safety engineering handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traffic circles – Design and construction"

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Abou-Senna, Hatem, Essam Radwan, and Hesham Eldeeb. "A Smart-Left Decision Support System for Flashing Yellow Arrow Traffic Signals." In Design and Construction of Smart Cities, 295–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64217-4_34.

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Bai, Wanshuai, Junlong Zhou, Xiaomin Liu, Hang Ban, and Weiliang Qiang. "Construction design of cast-in-situ support for continuous beam of Expressway." In Frontier Research: Road and Traffic Engineering, 86–91. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305002-11.

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Morovatdar, Ali, and Reza S. Ashtiani. "Influence of Traffic Characterization Methodology on Service Life Prediction of Pavements Subjected to Overweight Traffic Operations." In Infrastructure Sustainability Through New Developments in Material, Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Testing of Pavements, 57–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79644-0_6.

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Xiao, Yancai, Kun Fu, Zhuang Li, Zhiping Zeng, Jian Bai, Zhibin Huang, Xudong Huang, and Yu Yuan. "Research on Construction Process of Steel Beam Incremental Launching Based on Finite Element Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 254–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_22.

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AbstractIn order to ensure the normal operation of the traffic under the bridge, reasonable calculation methods and construction techniques should be adopted for the construction of the newly added railway station. This paper establishes a structural calculation finite element model to calculate and analyze the various construction stages of the steel beam incremental launching construction of the newly-added Gaoping station on the Yichuang-Wanzhou Railway, and systematically study the mechanical properties of the steel beam in the process. The results show that: (1) The deflection of each rod can meet the requirements of the railway bridge steel structure construction specification. However, when the length of the front cantilever of the steel beam reaches 11.4 m, the maximum deflection of the upper and lower chord bars is close to the limit. (2) The load-bearing capacity of each member of the steel beam meets the requirements, which indicates that the structural design of the steel beam and the incremental launching construction plan are reasonable. (3) In view of the complexity and uncertainty of the incremental launching construction process, real-time monitoring of the construction process is required, and the beam should be dropped in time when abnormal conditions occur to ensure the safe operation of the existing line.
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"The Mathematical Beauty of Traffic Circles." In International Conference on Optimization Design (ICOD 2010), 379–81. ASME Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859582.paper87.

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Rajapakse, Ruwan. "Temporary Traffic Control." In Construction Engineering Design Calculations and Rules of Thumb, 405–9. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809244-6.00024-x.

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Esfahani, N., R. Balder, and R. Scherer. "Traffic infrastructure design and geo-information systems, a case of interoperability." In eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 597–602. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12516-95.

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Tatsuoka, F., K. Watanabe, Y. Momoya, M. Shinoda, E. Sekine, and M. Tateyama. "Effects of Continuous Principal Stress Axis Rotation on the Deformation Characteristics of Sand Under Traffic Loads." In Design and Construction of Pavements and Rail Tracks, 77–88. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203937549.ch7.

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Cao, Wei, Long Xu, Yifan Hu, Yanhui Lu, and Zhenzhen Quan. "Analysis on the Construction Technology of Roadbed and Pavement in the Settlement Section of Roads and Bridges." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220916.

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With the rapid progress of the road and bridge engineering industry and the rapid development of the transportation industry, the road traffic flow and traffic load have increased sharply. The roadbed and pavement construction technology in the buffer section at the junction of the road and bridge structures are related to the final road product quality. At present, all circles of society pay special attention to the indicators of driving speed, safety and comfort, among which the phenomenon of jumping at the bridge head is the most important factor affecting these indicators [1]. Accordingly, this paper mainly analyzes and discusses the subgrade and pavement construction technology in the settlement section at the junction of the road and the bridge in detail, so as to facilitate the reference of the same industry.
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Sirel, Ayşe, and Gökçen Firdevs Yücel. "An Ecological Originated Design in Education Structures." In Architecture and Design, 756–89. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7314-2.ch028.

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Diminishing natural resources have increased the prominence and implementation of approaches to sustainable planning, design, and application. Green schools minimize environmental impact by promoting environmentally friendly attitudes, reducing the need for infrastructure facilities, and using recycling as a strategy both during and after their construction. As with other green buildings, green schools reduce dependency on fossil fuels and thus limit the emission of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Concerning global warming, green schools have the capacity to “turn back time,” creating learning circles that elicit solutions from their student bodies. In this chapter, the authors explore the economic, ecological, and social dimensions of green schools by means of a case study of an education campus in Adana, Turkey. The authors aim to elucidate how green schools may be effective in the conservation of future resources in architectural sustainability.
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Conference papers on the topic "Traffic circles – Design and construction"

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Ortin, Marta, Dario Suarez, Maria Villarroya, Cruz Izu, and Victor Vinals. "Dynamic construction of circuits for reactive traffic in homogeneous CMPs." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date.2014.254.

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Ortin, Marta, Dario Suarez, Maria Villarroya, Cruz Izu, and Victor Vinals. "Dynamic construction of circuits for reactive traffic in homogeneous CMPs." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date2014.254.

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Hu, Xiaoqiang, Jieyi Bao, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, and Tommy Nantung. "Truck Traffic and Truck Axle Load Spectra on Interstate Highways for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design." In Construction Research Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482865.041.

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Mahdy, Hassan. "Traffic Capacity of Alps Car Tunnels." In Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials: Design, Performance, and Application. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412671.0017.

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Chen, Fei, Zhaobai Yan, Zhoucong Xu, Jinfeng Liao, and Quanlei Wang. "Study on traffic organization design of expressways with heavy traffic flow during occupying-road construction." In International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering, edited by Zhengliang Li, Xiaoyan Chen, Kaichen Yan, Fengjie Cen, Liyuan Peng, and Nan Lin. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2613896.

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Chang, Yin-ping, and Innchyn Her. "On the Finding of Collinearity Circles for Force-Input Coupler-Driven Four-Bars." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70458.

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While there have been ample amount of publication on traditional four-bar transmission characteristics, little is found in the field relating to the transmission of a singular type of four-bar, namely, the force-input, coupler-driven variety. In contrast to the conventional torque-input, crank-driven four-bars, the use of this new category of linkage is only gradually surfacing. In this paper, a novel performance indicator called the Collinearity Circle is proposed, which is used to monitor the effectiveness of the transmission in a force-input, coupler-driven four-bar. The salient feature of this Collinearity Circle lies not only in its convenient shape, but also in its simple derivation, which can be shown to be merely geometry-dependent. Like the well known instant center, which is also only geometry-dependent, the proposed Collinearity Circle will be proved to be a handy addition to the kinematics toolbox for its power to enable speedy construction and ballpark estimations on the transmission properties of force-input, coupler-driven mechanisms.
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Figliolini, Giorgio, and Chiara Lanni. "Kinematic Analysis of the Planar Motion of Vehicles When Travelling Along Tractrix Curves." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46924.

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A detailed analysis of the path traversed by the rear wheels of the bus is useful in highway design, and in the placement of curbs at intersections. In fact, when a bus turns a corner, the rear wheel could move into the path of a passing motorist or pedestrian by generating an hazard situation, as in the cases of traffic circles and changing lanes. Of course, the same problems regard long trucks, semi-trailer trucks and articulated vehicles, but also bicycles (tandem) and motorbikes. In particular, the path of the rear wheels of a bus or a long vehicle in general, is a tractrix or equi-tangential curve, which is different by that traced by the front wheels. The planar motion of the chassis of the vehicle can be represented by means of the centrodes, which are traced by the instant center of rotation on the ground (fixed centrode) and on the moving plane that is attached to the vehicle (moving centrode), respectively. Thus, the pure-rolling motion of the moving centrode that is represented by the axis of the rear wheel, on the fixed centrode (catenary) can reproduce the planar motion of the chassis. This paper deals with the formulation of a suitable algorithm for the kinematic analysis of the planar motion of vehicles that travel corners, traffic circles and changing lanes. The tractrix is considered as the involute of the fixed centrode (catenary), which takes also the rule of evolute. The inflection and the cuspidal or return circles, along with the Euler-Savary equation and the Aronhold Theorems, give other useful information on the planar motion of the chassis.
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Lin, Htin, Khin Muyar Aye, Hla Myo Tun, Theingi, Zaw Min Naing, Nader Barsoum, Sermsak Uatrongjit, and Pandian Vasant. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION: Innovation in Power Control for Optimal Industry. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3008674.

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Leskinen, Ville Valtteri, Heikki Lilja, Timo Tirkkonen, and Markus Ryynänen. "Fatigue Design of Steel Bridges for Finnish Vehicle Traffic." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0267.

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Blechschmidt, James L., and Chung-Hsing Lee. "The Design and Analysis of Cam Profiles Using Algebraic Functions." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0150.

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Abstract A new method for the design and analysis of cam profiles is developed and demonstrated in this paper using algebraic functions in two variables. A technique for the construction of the cam profile directly without using the lift curve is developed. The basis for this analysis is the use of Boolean operators in algebra using a form of algebraic function called the defining function. Using simple quadratic curves such as circles, ellipses, and slabs, more complicated cam profiles are constructed using the Boolean operators of union, intersection, and difference. The resulting closed algebraic curve is converted to the standard implicit form for follower analysis. We show that cam profiles using constraints on the lift at a specific angular rotation can be developed. Examples of all the operations are demonstrated.
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Reports on the topic "Traffic circles – Design and construction"

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Bao, Jieyi, Xiaoqiang Hu, Cheng Peng, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, and Tommy Nantung. Truck Traffic and Load Spectra of Indiana Roadways for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317227.

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The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been employed for pavement design by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) since 2009 and has generated efficient pavement designs with a lower cost. It has been demonstrated that the success of MEPDG implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs. Vehicular traffic loading is one of the key factors that may cause not only pavement structural failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, but also functional surface distresses, including friction and smoothness. In particular, truck load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design. Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thickness, which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness. The primary objective of this study was to update the traffic design input module, and thus to improve the current INDOT pavement design procedures. Efforts were made to reclassify truck traffic categories to accurately account for the specific axle load spectra on two-lane roads with low truck traffic and interstate routes with very high truck traffic. The traffic input module was updated with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design. Vehicle platoons were analyzed to better understand the truck traffic characteristics. The unclassified vehicles by traffic recording devices were examined and analyzed to identify possible causes of the inaccurate data collection. Bus traffic in the Indiana urban areas was investigated to provide additional information for highway engineers with respect to city streets as well as highway sections passing through urban areas. New equivalent single axle load (ESAL) values were determined based on the updated traffic data. In addition, a truck traffic data repository and visualization model and a TABLEAU interactive visualization dashboard model were developed for easy access, view, storage, and analysis of MEPDG related traffic data.
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Siebke, Christian, Maximilian Bäumler, Madlen Ringhand, Marcus Mai, Felix Elrod, and Günther Prokop. Report on integration of the stochastic traffic simulation. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.246.

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As part of the AutoDrive project, the OpenPASS framework is used to develop a cognitive-stochastic traffic flow simulation for urban intersection scenarios described in deliverable D1.14. This framework was adapted and further developed. The deliverable D5.13 deals with the construction of the stochastic traffic simulation. At this point of the process, the theoretical design aspects of D4.20 are implemented. D5.13 explains the operating principles of the different modules. This includes the foundations, boundary conditions, and mathematical theory of the traffic simulation.
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Thompson, Marshall, and David Lippert. Flexible Pavement Design (Full-depth Asphalt and Rubblization): A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-021.

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This report summarizes activities undertaken to support and ensure that the Illinois Department of Transportation utilizes the best demonstrated available technology for design and construction of full-depth hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements and HMA pavements on rubblized Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP). To achieve this goal, the researchers reviewed pavement design and special provisions for full-depth asphalt and rubblization projects as well as full-depth asphalt and rubblization project performance via condition surveys and deflection measurements. They also modified design inputs as needed from the review of literature and responded to specific issues related to full-depth asphalt and rubblization design and construction. The researchers studied 32 rubblization projects on the interstate system and found this rehabilitation technique is providing good to excellent performance that exceeds design expectations. They provided input on proposed changes to full-depth hot-mix asphalt pavement on rubblized PCCP specifications as well as provided input on the RoadTec 1105e material transfer device. Analysis of traffic speed deflectometer data obtained on several hot-mix asphalt and rubblized pavements resulted in the development of analysis algorithms.
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Padhye, Suyash, Isaiah Mwamba, Kyubyung Kang, Samuel Labi, and Makarand Hastak. Safety, Mobility, and Cost Benefits of Closing One Direction of the Interstate in Rural Areas During Construction Work. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317345.

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With specific regard to interstates in the rural area, Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has expressed a need for research that sheds light on this Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) issue so the agency [INDOT and the contractor] can make informed decisions regarding the crossover sections versus the closure in one direction with detour roads. A number of studies have investigated the advantages and disadvantages of various MOT strategies; however, there is no specific study that can help INDOT traffic engineers and design engineers make decisions by comparing direct and indirect benefits of crossovers and detours (full lane closures). This research examined the advantages and disadvantages of entirely closing one direction of traffic over traditional work zone techniques (such as partial lane closure through median crossover) from the perspectives of the agency, road users, and the community. In the case of full closure, the study (a) examined the alternative MOT strategies and best practices through an extensive literature review and survey of agencies (b) investigated risk, benefit, and costs associated with selected detour routes (c) validated the identified critical factors through case studies in Indiana and at other states, and (d) implemented best practices in an expected project to evaluate the safety, mobility, and cost benefits of closing one direction. Through the literature review and four case studies, eleven KPIs for MOT strategy developments were identified. This study prioritized these KPIs through the survey questionnaire. The top five KPIs are (1) safety, (2) mobility, (3) budget constraint, (4) project duration, (5) complexity of project sites. Based on these KPIs and other findings presented in Section 4.3.3, this study has proposed a comparison tool for predetermined MOT strategies in the form of a flow-chart. This tool is followed by the scores or weights associated with each KPI. These scores are normalized—i.e., the most important KPI which is safety, has the maximum weightage 1 and rest of the KPIs are weighed relatively. INDOT has a set of editable documents which are references for making MOT decisions. This proposed flow-chart tool will “walk” the INDOT team through the use of these spreadsheets corresponding to the identified KPIs through this study. It will be at the discretion of the INDOT team as to which KPIs are relevant to the situation at hand. Therefore, the flow-chart tool is flexible to incorporate the dynamic nature of MOT strategy selection.
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Huang, Cihang, Yen-Fang Su, and Na Lu. Self-Healing Cementitious Composites (SHCC) with Ultrahigh Ductility for Pavement and Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317403.

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Cracks and their formations in concrete structures have been a common and long-lived problem, mainly due to the intrinsic brittleness of the concrete. Concrete structures, such as rigid pavement and bridge decks, are prone to deformations and deteriorations caused by shrinkage, temperature fluctuation, and traffic load, which can affect their service life. Rehabilitation of concrete structures is expensive and challenging—not only from maintenance viewpoints but also because they cannot be used for services during maintenance. It is critical to significantly improve the ductility of concrete to overcome such issues and to enable better infrastructure quality. To this end, the self-healing cementitious composites (SHCC) investigated in this work could be a promising solution to the aforementioned problems. In this project, the team has designed a series of cementitious composites to investigate their mechanical performances and self-healing abilities. Firstly, various types of fibers were investigated for improving ductility of the designed SHCC. To enhance the self-healing of SHCC, we proposed and examined that the combination of the internal curing method with SHCC mixture design can further improve self-healing performance. Three types of internal curing agents were used on the SHCC mixture design, and their self-healing efficiency was evaluated by multiple destructive and non-destructive tests. Results indicated a significant improvement in the self-healing capacity with the incorporation of internal curing agents such as zeolite and lightweight aggregate. To control the fiber distribution and workability of the SHCC, the mix design was further adjusted by controlling rheology using different types of viscosity modifiers. The team also explored the feasibility of the incorporation of colloidal nano-silica into the mix design of SHCC. Results suggest that optimum amounts of nano-silica have positive influence on self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of the SHCC. Better hydration was also achieved by adding the nano-silica. The bonding strength of the SHCC with conventional concrete was also improved. At last, a standardized mixing procedure for the large scale SHCC was drafted and proposed.
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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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Shah, Ayesha, Jan Olek, and Rebecca S. McDaniel. Real Life Experience with Major Pavement Types. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317371.

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Pavement performance is a complex issue which depends on many contributing factors. Examining the performance of real-life pavements across the state determines what the actual service lives are for the pavements. For the purposes of this study, only selected LTPP projects were examined, along with a database containing all the historic repair projects completed in Indiana. Pertinent information present in the Indiana Historic Contracts Database was extracted concerning the types of pavement repair and treatments options commonly employed within the state, the time between repairs, etc. These data were used to determine descriptive statistical parameters and was summarized in graph form. Similarly, data about selected LTPP GPS and SPS sites were downloaded from the online website, LTPP InfoPave and a comparative study between companion sites was performed. These data included study site and pavement-related information, such as construction dates, pavement structure details, maintenance and repair history, and pavement distress surveys. These data were used to draw conclusions about the impact of treatment applications, climatic and geologic factors, traffic volume, and pavement structures on pavement performance. Gaps in knowledge about pavement failure modes, distress data, and effectiveness of treatment applications mentioned in the contracts database file hampered efforts to form a complete picture of the effectiveness of treatment options and their timely (or untimely) application. Similarly, details about pavement mixture design and differentiating factors between companion sites prevented researchers from narrowing down the causes leading to the observed pavement distress.
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Gupta, Kanika, Sung Soo Park, Antonio Bobet, and Tommy Nantung. Improved Reliability of FWD Test Results and Correlations with Resilient Modulus. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317370.

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Resilient modulus (MR) is a key factor in the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) which was adopted by INDOT in January 2009. The resilient modulus can be determined in new pavement projects from subgrade soil samples collected at the site. However, for a pavement rehabilitation project, it becomes difficult to obtain soil information, and coring for samples may not be feasible because of traffic. The literature is rich with correlations between the MR of the subgrade obtained in the laboratory with that estimated from FWD tests in the field. However, the review conducted shows very contradictory and inconsistent findings, thus existing correlations seem to apply only to the cases investigated, i.e., they are ad hoc correlations and cannot be generalized. To improve the interpretation of the FWD data and enhance the reliability of the results in Indiana, FWD and GPR tests were performed at five different road construction projects at the same locations where soil samples were collected and tested in the laboratory for resilient modulus. The selected sites included roads with rigid pavement and treated subgrade and flexible pavement with untreated subgrade. The study showed that (1) FWD backcalculation is greatly affected by pavement thickness; (2) GPR can provide actual thicknesses and can identify discrepancies between as-built and design pavement thickness; (3) for flexible pavements, a one-to-one correlation exists between FWD modulus and laboratory resilient modulus values for untreated subgrade soils; (4) MODTAG or ELMOD codes can both be used to estimate the resilient modulus of the subgrade in flexible pavements; (5) for rigid pavements, results of FWD backcalculation analysis using ELMOD or MODTAG greatly overestimate the resilient modulus of the soil, with backcalculated moduli 1.3 to 6 times higher than laboratory results; (6) ELMOD is recommended for routine analysis of FWD data, while MODTAG is recommended for research or to evaluate the quality of the data, when needed.
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