Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic and highway engineering'
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1
Wang, Wei, and Bao Fu Wang. "Research on Mountain Highway Traffic Volume Transferred by Ports." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4381.
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With the expansion of port handling capacity and economic benefit, large mountains highway traffic volume are aggregated to and transported by ports, and large increment of traffic volume of mountains highways connected with the port occurred. Based on studying characteristics of port transportation and mountainous highway traffic network, mountains highway traffic volume transferred by ports is analysed, and corresponding analysis model of passenger and goods volume of entering and leaving port is put forward. Firstly, choosing ports which mainly effect mountains highway volume; secondly, conllecting and studying category of goods, characteristic of passenger, throughput of passenger and goods, and development program of these ports in past years; thirdly, investigating goods category, throughput, space, and some other useful data of these ports at the present. Characteristics of waterway goods transportation is studied and spatial distribution of passenger, goods volume between different ports is estimated, and mountain highway traffic volume transferred by ports is forecasted. The method proposed in this paper is applied successfully in practical engineerings, and provides reference for engineering research.
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Boarnet, Marlon G., Eugene Jae Kim, and Emily Parkany. "Measuring Traffic Congestion." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1634, no. 1 (January 1998): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1634-12.
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A traffic congestion index was developed using data for California highways from 1976 through 1994. The technique yields a congestion measure that has several advantages. The index developed here can be applied to counties, urbanized areas, highway segments, or other portions of geographic areas or highway networks. The index allows cross-sectional and time-series comparisons that have only rarely been possible. What is most important is that the congestion index developed here is based on data that are readily available. The index is compared to others, based on Highway Performance Monitoring System data, and similarities and differences are illustrated. Important issues for future research and data collection efforts that can contribute to more refined congestion measurement are also discussed.
3
Morrall, John, and Wayne Thompson. "Planning and design of passing lanes for the Trans-Canada Highway in Yoho National Park." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-010.
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This paper describes the techniques used in the planning and design of a system of passing lanes for the Trans-Canada Highway in Yoho National Park. The techniques, which include a traffic simulation model, were developed to allow the evaluation of the impact of low-cost operational improvements such as passing lanes on the level of service. The traffic simulation model allowed the investigation of a wide range of highway alternatives in addition to changes in traffic flow, traffic stream characteristics, and vehicle performance characteristics. The passing lane designs described in the paper are based on the concept of incorporating passing lanes within the existing highway cross section. The design concept has evolved from the experimental passing lane project in Banff. In addition to geometric design, signing, and road marking guidelines, warrants for bicycle lanes on the Trans-Canada Highway are also presented. Key words: highway planning and engineering, two-lane highways, traffic simulation model, level of service, passing lanes, Trans-Canada Highway.
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Wu, Lina, Jiangwei Chu, Yusheng Ci, Shumin Feng, and Xingwang Liu. "Engineering Solutions to Enhance Traffic Safety Performance on Two-Lane Highways." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/762379.
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Improving two-lane highway traffic safety conditions is of practical importance to the traffic system, which has attracted significant research attention within the last decade. Many cost-effective and proactive solutions such as low-cost treatments and roadway safety monitoring programs have been developed to enhance traffic safety performance under prevailing conditions. This study presents research perspectives achieved from the Highway Safety Enhancement Project (HSEP) that assessed safety performance on two-lane highways in Beijing, China. Potential causal factors are identified based on proposed evaluation criteria, and primary countermeasures are developed against inferior driving conditions such as sharp curves, heavy gradients, continuous downgrades, poor sight distance, and poor clear zones. Six cost-effective engineering solutions were specifically implemented to improve two-lane highway safety conditions, including (1) traffic sign replacement, (2) repainting pavement markings, (3) roadside barrier installation, (4) intersection channelization, (5) drainage optimization, and (6) sight distance improvement. The effectiveness of these solutions was examined and evaluated based on Empirical Bayes (EB) models. The results indicate that the proposed engineering solutions effectively improved traffic safety performance by significantly reducing crash occurrence risks and crash severities.
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Ran, Bin, Seth Johnson, Shawn Leight, and Jacob H. S. Tsao. "Traffic Analysis for Highway-to-Highway Interchanges on Automated Highway Systems: Congestion in Absence of Dedicated Ramps." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1588, no. 1 (January 1997): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1588-18.
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Special connector ramps linking the automated lanes at automated highway–to–automated highway interchanges may be needed to enable continuous automated driving between two crossing highways. Although a typical cloverleaf configuration has only two levels and is more amenable for such additions, the sharp curvature of this design usually imposes constraints on traffic speed and flow. Because of these constraints, most highway–to–highway interchanges in urban areas have straighter lanes but tend to involve three or more levels. Building the additional connector ramps to accommodate eight high-speed turning movements at an area where the geometry is already complex could be difficult or costly. Therefore, proponents of automated highway systems (AHS) face a major dilemma. This dilemma is studied, including the impact of not providing automated connector ramps on the manual and AHS traffic on manual lanes at or near a highway-to-highway interchange. It is shown that, with a typical cloverleaf design, in the absence of the additional connector ramps, any moderate to heavy AHS-changing traffic could severely disturb the flow of through traffic, seriously exacerbate congestion, and possibly cause a traffic breakdown at the interchange area. These effects will most likely negate any mainline throughput benefits for which an AHS is designed.
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Beljatynskij, Andrey, Nina Kuzhel, Olegas Prentkovskis, Olena Bakulich, and Irina Klimenko. "THE CRITERIA DESCRIBING THE NEED FOR HIGHWAY RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE THEORY OF TRAFFIC FLOWS AND REPAY TIME." TRANSPORT 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.308-317.
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General data on the network of Ukrainian highways are presented. The analysis of design methods of highway reconstruction based on the theory of traffic flows and economic calculations of its repay time is made. The relationship between traffic intensity and speed is shown by considering the theory of traffic flows. The methods, taking into account the principle of effectiveness of highway reconstruction based on its repay time, are discussed.
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Yang, Yanqun, Said M. Easa, Zhibin Lin, and Xinyi Zheng. "Evaluating Highway Traffic Safety: An Integrated Approach." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 4, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4598985.
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This paper presents a novel methodology for determining the overall highway safety level by integrating statistical analysis and analytic network process (ANP) with set pair analysis (SPA) which is applied in the evaluation of the overall highway safety for the first time. The methodology accounts for both quantitative and qualitative factors that contribute to traffic safety. The statistical analysis uses crash, alignment, intersection, and other data to determine the significant indices (variables) that affect safety. These indices are then combined with the planning (qualitative) indices to determine the weights of all indices based on expert opinions using ANP. Finally, the overall safety level of the highway is determined using SPA. The methodology is illustrated using data collected from two highways in China. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is sound and reliable. The methodology is applicable to existing or new highways and can help to effectively evaluate the overall safety of a highway and develop long-term strategies for safety improvements.
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Cong, Li, He Jun Chai, and Sheng Chuan Tang. "Classification and Rapid Assessment of Subgrade Seismic Damage after Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1628.
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As an important part of earthquake disaster relief, highway traffic system is the passage for rescue staffs, material transport and evacuation. Hence, people are concerned about destruction condition and safety of highways after earthquakes. However, there are neither systematically scientific methods to classify highway subgrade seismic damage, nor systematic study on its rapid evaluation methods. Therefore, the Paper studies post-seismic highway subgrade damage grade and rapid evaluation methods, to be as a significant reference for improving post-seismic emergency rescue and relief efficiency, as well as for recovering and reconstructing highway traffic system.
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Xiao, Jian, Jian Zhao, Liulin Yang, Juanxia He, Yu Li, and Yuxiao Li. "Study on the Deocclusion of the Visibility Window of Traffic Signs on a Curved Highway." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 16, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4291018.
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Highway navigation is often affected by complex topography, and the flat curve plays an important role in the horizontal alignment design of a highway. Many curves are formed, where visibility could be decreased. Thus, the indicative function of a traffic sign plays a crucial role in ensuring driving safety at the curve. Due to the blocked visibility, the probability of the traffic sign occlusion at the curve of operating highways is quite high. It is urgent to consider the clearing obstructions around traffic signs at curves during highway construction. In this study, the potential of visual occlusion for traffic signs on curved highways was investigated. Firstly, the driver’s visibility window that contains traffic signs was defined and criteria of visual occlusion were proposed. Secondly, a geometric occlusion design formula was established to mimic the visual recognition process of traffic signs on a curved highway, yielding the formula to calculate the visibility window. Finally, the occlusion design formula was applied into a case study of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau Expressway (Hunan section), in which visibility windows were calculated and analyzed. The obtained results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the occlusion design formula developed in this study.
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Li, Ye, Jing Fan, and Haopeng Deng. "Analysis of Regional Difference and Correlation between Highway Traffic Development and Economic Development in China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118790373.
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This study used three-tier architecture to analyze the relationship between the highway traffic development difference and the economic development difference in China from 1997 to 2015. Their time distribution and trends of national and regional differences were quantified via both coefficient of variation and Theil index. Furthermore, the highway traffic connectivity was analyzed for each province. The obtained results showed that the difference of highway traffic development was significantly related to the difference of economic development, and poor connectivity of highway traffic was also strongly related to economic disparity. The investment difference of China’s highway infrastructure could be divided into an unstable stage (1997–2010), and a stable stage (2011–2015). The highway traffic development difference could also be divided into two stages (1997–2006 and 2007–2015). Following the construction of central and western regions in around 2006, this difference decreased significantly; however, large differences within region remained. Provinces in the central and western regions have low connectivity and several remote main cities are not connected via high-grade highways. China’s national economic difference has been constantly decreasing; however, the three regions follow different trends. Furthermore, with the development of the central and western regions, between-region economic differences decreased rapidly. To improve the level of regional equalization for highway development, the government should reduce differences between developed and undeveloped provinces for each region and connect remote cities, thus ultimately reducing differences in economic development and promoting a balanced regional development.
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Ru, Han, Jinliang Xu, and Shoufang Jiang. "Experimental Observation and Analysis of Traffic Impact on Tibetan Antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1226781.
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Highways that cross natural reserves are an intrusion with a nonnegligible negative impact on the behavior of wild animals and have numerous and diverse ecological impacts on wildlife near road areas. Field experiments were carried out to collect traffic flow data on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, and the behavior of the Tibetan antelope crossing the highway was observed. The relationships between the percentage of antelopes successfully crossing the highway and the different traffic flows were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the traffic volume is the main factor affecting the success rate of Tibetan antelopes when crossing the highway, displaying a nonlinear negative correlation. Furthermore, the behavioral responses of the Tibetan antelopes within 500 m of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway before and after different parking behaviors were observed and the proportions of the different behaviors exhibited by the Tibetan antelopes affected by different driver parking behaviors were analyzed. Parking behaviors were found to have the most significant effect on Tibetan antelope behavior within 400 m of the highway, where parking with somebody getting out having the most prominent impact. The results of this study can guide engineering measures to protect wildlife in the plateau region.
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Roh, Hyuk-Jae, and Satish Sharma. "COMBINED NONPARAMETRIC CHI-SQUARED AND BINOMIAL STATISTICAL TEST ON TRUCK TRAFFIC VOLUME CHANGES IN CANADIAN PROVINCIAL HIGHWAY NETWORK." Transport 34, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7672.
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This paper examines the effect of weather conditions on truck type distribution using combined nonparametric chi-squared and binomial probability statistical tests. Influence of the winter conditions on truck type distribution is investigated in this paper by classifying trucks into single-unit trucks, single-trailer, and multi-trailer units. The investigation is based on 5 years Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) traffic data collected from Alberta provincial highway network in Canada. The WIM data is collected from six WIM sites located on Highway 2, Highway 2A, Highway 3, Highway 16 and Highway 44. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of three truck type distribution with month and season depending on weather conditions by means of nonparametric statistical test. The statistical results indicate that the variation of truck type distribution is influenced by type of highway facility, such as regional commuter roads and rural long distance highways. The season of the year (winter and non-winter) may also affect the truck type distribution on some types of roads. Findings of this study can benefit highway agencies in developing programs and policies related to efficient monitoring of truck traffic and maintaining highway network throughout the year.
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Dobre, Ciprian. "Intelligent Lane Reservation System for Highway(s)." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2012 (December 4, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/604965.
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Highways tend to get congested because of the increase in the number of cars travelling on them. There are two solutions to this. The first one, which is also expensive, consists in building new highways to support the traffic. A much cheaper alternative consists in the introduction of advanced intelligent traffic control systems to manage traffic and increase the efficiency of the already existing highways. Intelligent lane reservation system for highways (ILRSH) is such a software control system. It is designed to assist and automate the use of a highway lane as a reserved lane. The idea is to allow and support drivers to travel at a speed higher, if in return they are willing to pay a small fee to reserve an empty virtual slot on the reserved lane. This slot is valid for a portion and of the highway and a time window, so each driver pays the fee depending thier its travelling needs. In return, drivers are guaranteed a congestion-free travel on that portion. In this paper, we present the proposed architecture of the ILRSH and its subsystems. The system is based on several proposed algorithms designed to assist the drivers, enter or exit the reserved lane, based on real-world driving observations. We present extensive simulation results showing the feasibility of the proposed approach, that can easily be implemented with little costs on already-existing highways, and the increase in traffic efficiency.
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Li, Sheng Bin. "Research on Retaining and Protecting Technology for Foundation Excavation Engineering of Soft Highway Section with Vibration and Friction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.50.
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Soft highway foundation has always been a major target of highway engineering researches, because not only the domestic soft highway foundation processing technologies have shortcomings and also the safety of highway traffic will be affected by the potential risks of soft highway section. The facts have proven that the structural damages have been caused by soft foundation to highway, and the risk coefficient of the soft highway section is very high after the highway is officially open to traffic, and also a series of highway diseases will be caused. In this paper, the characteristics of soft highway section are first summarized, and then the diseases caused by soft highway foundation to highway structure are analyzed, and finally the application of the retaining and protecting technology for the special foundation excavation engineering as well as related maintenances is proposed.
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Morrall, John. "Cross-section elements to accommodate passing lanes and vehicle storage during avalanche control for the Trans-Canada Highway in Rogers Pass." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-024.
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The two basic problems facing the Trans-Canada Highway through Rogers Pass, namely the winter problem of adequate vehicle storage areas during avalanche control and the summer problem of maintaining an acceptable level of service by ensuring adequate passing opportunities, may be linked through a common denominator — passing lanes. This paper presents the findings of a recently completed study of the Trans-Canada Highway through Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Park. The study method is based on the fact that traffic flow characteristics, highway conditions, and operational requirements vary considerably from season to season. Thus, the analysis was broken into two parts, namely a separate analysis of winter and summer conditions. A traffic simulation model was used to determine those locations that could serve as potential sites for passing lanes during summer. The traffic simulation model developed for the passing lane analysis utilized files that describe road geometry, summer traffic flow and composition, and vehicle performance. A separate simulation model was developed to determine vehicle storage requirements of ponding areas during avalanche control. The model developed for winter traffic characteristics also provided the basis for a flexible traffic management strategy. Cross-section elements were developed to accommodate an auxiliary lane to be used as a passing lane in summer and as a parking lane to increase the capacity of ponding areas during avalanche control in winter. Design requirements called for triple stacking of vehicles in ponding areas during avalanche control. To accommodate design year traffic volumes at an acceptable level of service during the summer months, 12 passing lanes totalling 23 km in length were recommended. Six ponding areas, totalling 4 km in length, are coincident with four of the passing lane locations. The paper concludes with a general discussion on the benefits of linking traffic simulation with geometric design to demonstrate how the design life of rural two-lane highways can be extended by the use of low-cost operational improvements such as passing lanes. Key words: highway planning and engineering, two-lane highways traffic management during avalanche stabilization, passing lanes, cross-section elements, Trans-Canada Highway.
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Baek, Jongdae. "Highway Regional Classification Method Based on Traffic Flow Characteristics for Highway Safety Assessment." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010086.
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Accurate regional classification of highways is a critical prerequisite to implement a tailored safety assessment. However, there has been inadequate research on objective classification considering traffic flow characteristics for highway safety assessment purposes. We propose an objective and easily applicable classification method that considers the administrative divisions of South Korea. We evaluated the feasibility of this method through various theoretical analysis techniques using the data collected from 536 permanent traffic volume counting stations for the national highways in South Korea in 2019. The ratio of the annual average hourly traffic volume to the annual average daily traffic was used as the explanatory variable. The corresponding results of factor and cluster analyses with this ratio showed a 61% concordance with the urban, suburban, and rural areas classified by the administrative divisions. The results of two-sample goodness-of-fit tests also confirmed that the difference in the three distributions of hourly volume ratios was statistically significant. The results of this study can help enhance highway safety and facilitate the development and application of more appropriate highway safety assessment tools, such as Road Assessment Programs or crash prediction models, for specific regions using the proposed method.
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Ashley, Steven. "Smart Cars and Automated Highways." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 05 (May 1, 1998): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-may-1.
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This article illustrates the development and use of intelligent vehicles and automated highways to solve the increasing traffic problem. Small networks of computers installed in vehicles and along selected roadways could closely coordinate vehicles and harmonize traffic flow, maximizing highway capacity and passenger safety. A driver electing to use such an automated highway might first pass through a validation lane, similar to today's high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) or carpooling lanes. The system would then determine if the car will function correctly in an automated mode, establish its destination, and deduct any tolls from the driver's credit account. The article also highlights that basic to the automated-highway schemes are computer simulations to indicate that such systems may be the least expensive way to increase highway throughput. The California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) Program at the University of California has developed the technology whereby magnets buried at intervals in the roadbed would be sensed by magnetometers in vehicles, providing a way to monitor their location and velocity.
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Al-Kaisy, Ahmed, Amirhossein Jafari, Scott Washburn, Tapio Lutinnen, and Richard Dowling. "Traffic Operations on Rural Two-Lane Highways: A Review on Performance Measures and Indicators." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 15 (May 22, 2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774743.
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Two- lane highways constitute a large proportion of the highway system in the United States, particularly in rural areas. Performance evaluation on those highways is the basis for planning, upgrade, and improvement programs. Such evaluations are conducted using performance measures that should ideally be correlated to performance determinants on those highways. Unlike other highway facilities, two-lane highway performance is notably affected by the platooning phenomenon, which is believed to be a function of traffic level and passing opportunities. Over the last couple of decades, several studies have addressed performance measures on two-lane highways, and are mainly driven by the reported limitations of the current measures used by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). This review aims to summarize the performance measures that have been published in the literature or used in practice both in the United States and abroad. The review starts with an historical overview of the HCM performance measures since its inception in 1950. It then discusses the most important criteria for measures to be more effective in describing performance, before presenting the review results for measures that have been proposed in literature or reported as being used in practice. Finally, a subjective assessment of all performance measures against the set of criteria outlined in the article is presented. The review presented in this paper provides information that is valuable for practitioners and researchers in understating the alternative measures for assessing performance on two-lane highways, and the limitations and merits associated with those measures.
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Fu, Xin Sha, and Juan Zhu. "Video-Based Automatic Incident Detection of Highway Network Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.776.
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Traffic information collection and incident detection is the base of Expressway network monitoring and operational management, and is the important components and key technologies of intelligent transportation systems. This paper Based on computer vision technology and digital image processing technology, Combining the needs and existing monitoring facilities of current highway traffic monitoring, study Video images based on highway traffic incident detection monitoring system, complete the system development, system engineering and system integration technology, And monitoring operations in the highway has been applied.
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Gargoum, Suliman, Karim El-Basyouny, Joseph Sabbagh, and Kenneth Froese. "Automated Highway Sign Extraction Using Lidar Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2643, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2643-01.
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Traffic signs are integral elements of any transportation network; however, keeping records of those signs and their condition is a tedious, time-consuming, and labor-intensive process. As a result, many agencies worldwide have been working toward automating the process. One form of automation uses remote sensing techniques to extract traffic sign information. An algorithm is proposed that can automatically extract traffic signs from mobile light detection and ranging data. After the number of signs on a road segment has been determined, the coordinates of those signs are mapped onto the road segment. The sign extraction procedure involves applying multiple filters to the point cloud data and clustering the data into traffic signs. The proposed algorithm was tested on three highways located in different regions of the province of Alberta, Canada. The segments on which the algorithm was tested include a two-lane undivided rural road and four-lane divided highways. The highway geometry varied, as did vegetation and tree density. Success rates ranged from 93% to 100%, and the algorithm performed better on highways without overhead signs. Results indicate that the proposed method is simple but effective for creating an accurate inventory of traffic signs.
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Sharma, Satish C. "The driver population factor and its influence on highway cost–volume curves." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-084.
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The Highway Capacity Manual is a publication widely used throughout the world as a guide to highway capacity and level of service analysis. The third and the latest edition of the Manual, a 1985 publication of the United States Transportation Research Board, has introduced, among many other changes, an adjustment factor called fp to reflect the influence of driver population on the highway capacity analysis for freeways and multilane highways. This note reviews and elaborates on the driver population factor. As a prerequisite to an appropriate application of the factor fp, this note refers to a systematic and objective method that can be used for classification of highways according to driver population characteristics. By taking an example of the road classes in Alberta, the note suggests a set of fp values that can be used as a guide to exercise an engineering judgement in selecting a specific fp value for a particular type of traffic stream. Also included in this note is a brief economic analysis carried out with an objective of determining the importance and sensitivity of the factor fp in transportation analysis. Key words: cost–volume curves, driver population factor, economic analysis, highway capacity, road classification, traffic stream characteristics.
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Gibreel, Gamal M., Ibrahim A. El-Dimeery, Yasser Hassan, and Said M. Easa. "Impact of highway consistency on capacity utilization of two-lane rural highways." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-042.
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Consistent highway design is expected to provide safe, economical, and smooth traffic operation. Several studies have been performed to investigate the effect of highway consistency on traffic safety. However, the relationship between design consistency and highway capacity and level of service has not been addressed in current research work and design practices. In addition, the effect of the three-dimensional (3D) nature of highway alignments was not considered, and design consistency was studied based solely on two-dimensional (2D) analysis of highway horizontal alignments. This paper presents a methodology to determine the effect of highway design consistency on highway capacity utilization based on 3D analysis. This methodology will help road designers to estimate highway capacity more accurately. The study was performed on two-lane rural highways in Ontario, where two types of 3D combinations were considered: a horizontal curve combined with a sag vertical curve (sag combination) and a horizontal curve combined with a crest vertical curve (crest combination). An additional adjustment factor that reflects the effect of highway design consistency on capacity utilization was developed. Different statistical models are introduced to estimate this factor based on geometric or traffic data. In addition, typical values of the consistency factor were developed based on an overall consistency evaluation criterion and can be easily used in capacity analysis.Key words: three-dimensional, alignments, capacity, geometric design, operating speed, design consistency.
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Gao, Yuan, Jiandong Zhao, Ziyan Qin, Yingzi Feng, Zhenzhen Yang, and Bin Jia. "Traffic Speed Forecast in Adjacent Region between Highway and Urban Expressway: Based on MFD and GRU Model." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897325.
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Traffic congestion in the adjacent region between the highway and urban expressway is becoming more and more serious. This paper proposes a traffic speed forecast method based on the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model to provide the necessary traffic guidance information for travelers in this region. Firstly, considering that the road traffic speed is affected by the macroscopic traffic state, the adjacent region between the highway and expressway is divided into subareas based on the MFD. Secondly, the spatial-temporal correlation coefficient is proposed to measure the correlation between subareas. Then, the matrix of regional traffic speed data is constructed. Thirdly, the matrix is input into the GRU prediction model to get the predicted traffic speed. The proposed algorithm’s prediction performance is verified based on the GPS data collected from the adjacent region between Beijing Highways and Expressway.
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Wyatt, Jon J., and Satish C. Sharma. "Classification of Saskatchewan highways according to type of road use: testing of a model." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-008.
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The purpose of this paper is to test a recently proposed model of road classification for use by provincial highway agencies. The proposed model to be tested is intended to classify roads according to temporal volume variations, road use characteristics, such as trip purpose, and trip length distribution. The proposed model, which was developed by using Alberta highways data, is applied to Saskatchewan highways to evaluate its classification results. For the purpose of this study, a total of 31 permanent automatic traffic recorder sites in Saskatchewan is investigated. The application of the model to Saskatchewan highways results in six main groups according to the trip purpose and trip length distribution characteristics. The paper defines and discusses these classes in detail and compares them with the existing classification of Saskatchewan highways. The model produces similar road classes for Alberta and Saskatchewan highways. The similarity of road classes for the two provinces has implications for a standard classification of provincial highways. Key words: highway classification, road use, traffic, transportation, traffic volume patterns.
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Yang, Wenyuan. "Research on Highway Engineering Supervision and Project Management." Urban Transportation & Construction 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/utc.v6i1.83.
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<p>As the main part of China's transportation, highway transportation has promoted China's economic development, and it has been concerned by the society for a long time. However, with the development of highway industry, the traffic volume and burden of highway are increasing day by day, and highway quality problems have appeared frequently, which undoubtedly poses a great threat to the economy and people's lives. Based on this, this paper mainly studies the engineering supervision and project management in highway engineering, and it provides corresponding suggestions.</p>
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Rijavec, Robert, Rok Marsetič, and Irena Strnad. "Effectiveness of the Overtaking Ban for Heavy Vehicles on the Four-Lane Divided Highway in Different Weather Conditions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 10169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910169.
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In many European countries and also in Slovenia, the highway network was rapidly built in order to reduce congestion and to increase the level of traffic safety on congested sections of the road network, thus enabling a higher level of service and accelerating polycentric development. Unfortunately, traffic demand is growing over all limits, be it tourist car traffic or transit-heavy vehicle traffic. Thus, countries are forced to actively manage road freight traffic, which is present all year round. Accordingly, in Slovenia, permanent and timed restrictions were introduced for trucks regarding overtaking on highways. Overtaking is prohibited during the day but trucks are allowed to change lanes at night. It should be noted, however, that there may be circumstances that can restrict the normal travel of heavy vehicles in all lanes in one way or another, whether at night or during the day. We would like to convince highway traffic managers that weather-responsive adaptive traffic control could be more efficient when weather conditions are considered. This article presents an approach to simulate traffic flow on a short section of a two-lane unidirectional carriageway under various weather conditions. Using two scenarios for lane traffic control, i.e., with and without a truck overtaking ban, as examples, we show that knowledge of the traffic characteristics of each lane in different weather conditions is important for decision-making and for the timeliness of traffic management. We found that under certain traffic and weather conditions, prohibiting vehicles from overtaking with limited speed limits on four-lane divided highways or proper traffic lane control has a positive effect on the traffic fluency or available conditional capacity of the highway. To some extent, this confirms that the decision of the operator of the Slovenian highway system regarding the driving regime for heavy vehicles was correct. Through our research, we found that dynamic bans can be more effective when we include the dynamics of traffic demand, and environmental and weather conditions.
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Pei, Yingying, Xia Zhu, Guohong Li, Yongtao Jin, Yuyan Liu, Yuanping Liu, Gang Liu, and Jiangxia Fan. "Complex Traffic Network Analysis Method Based on a Multiscale Aggregation Model." Journal of Sensors 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7311117.
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Identifying the aggregation characteristics of the geospatial network is an important aspect of analyzing highway traffic networks. Based on the complex network theory, this paper studies the block aggregation characteristics of the highway traffic network and proposes an Improved PageRank Spectral Clustering (IPSC) Algorithm to divide the functional blocks of highway traffic networks. Firstly, the theoretical model of a highway traffic network is constructed by adding location attribute weight, geographical distance weight, road grade weight, and dynamic traffic congestion weight. Secondly, the improved PageRank algorithm is used to get the ranking of key nodes of the highway traffic network. The clustering center and the number of clusters are determined by the ranking of key nodes and the shortest path distance. Then the improved spectral clustering algorithm is used to divide the functional blocks of the highway transportation network and identify the special common blocks of the highway transportation network. Finally, the IPSC Algorithm is used to analyze the aggregation mode of complex traffic networks at city and district scales. Crossing the limit of administrative division, the division results of special common blocks of highway transportation networks are obtained. Maintaining the connectivity between blocks can improve the overall efficiency of highway transportation networks.
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Guerrieri, Marco, and Giuseppe Parla. "Deep Learning and YOLOv3 Systems for Automatic Traffic Data Measurement by Moving Car Observer Technique." Infrastructures 6, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6090134.
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Macroscopic traffic flow variables estimation is of fundamental interest in the planning, designing and controlling of highway facilities. This article presents a novel automatic traffic data acquirement method, called MOM-DL, based on the moving observer method (MOM), deep learning and YOLOv3 algorithm. The proposed method is able to automatically detect vehicles in a traffic stream and estimate the traffic variables flow q, space mean speed vs. and vehicle density k for highways in stationary and homogeneous traffic conditions. The first application of the MOM-DL technique concerns a segment of an Italian highway. In the experiments, a survey vehicle equipped with a camera has been used. Using deep learning and YOLOv3 the vehicles detection and the counting processes have been carried out for the analyzed highway segment. The traffic flow variables have been calculated by the Wardrop relationships. The first results demonstrate that the MOM and MOM-DL methods are in good agreement with each other despite some errors arising with MOM-DL during the vehicle detection step due to a variety of reasons. However, the values of macroscopic traffic variables estimated by means of the Drakes’ traffic flow model together with the proposed method (MOM-DL) are very close to those obtained by the traditional one (MOM), being the maximum percentage variation less than 3%.
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Wang, Jian Jun, Hui Fang Liu, Fei Han, Lei Peng, and Jing Jing Fu. "Discussion on Methods of Identifying Dangerous Road and Sections in Rural Highway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1565.
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In order to fully investigate dangerous sections, implement Security engineering, and reduce accidents, based on the analysis of road and traffic characteristics of rural highway, methods of identifying dangerous road and sections of rural highway are put forward. With the application of Variable Weight Comprehensive Evaluation and Fuzzy Mathematic Comprehensive Analysis method, the methods are raised in mountainous areas and common areas under the conditions of no accident data. Based on the accident data, the methods used different range come up with Quality Control-Identify Index method, Fuzzy Evaluation method, and Double Variables Filtration method. Among them, the Fuzzy Mathematic Comprehensive Analysis method is a new method of evaluation road safety degree According to the traffic and road characteristics of rural highways. These methods provide a scientific theory method for the grass-roots workers, offer the theory basis to the implementation of Safeguards engineering, and enhance the economical rationality of implementing Safeguards engineering, achieving the best economic benefit.
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Mallick, Tanwi, Prasanna Balaprakash, Eric Rask, and Jane Macfarlane. "Graph-Partitioning-Based Diffusion Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network for Large-Scale Traffic Forecasting." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (July 19, 2020): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120930010.
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Traffic forecasting approaches are critical to developing adaptive strategies for mobility. Traffic patterns have complex spatial and temporal dependencies that make accurate forecasting on large highway networks a challenging task. Recently, diffusion convolutional recurrent neural networks (DCRNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in traffic forecasting by capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the traffic. Despite the promising results, however, applying DCRNNs for large highway networks still remains elusive because of computational and memory bottlenecks. This paper presents an approach for implementing a DCRNN for a large highway network that overcomes these limitations. This approach uses a graph-partitioning method to decompose a large highway network into smaller networks and trains them independently. The efficacy of the graph-partitioning-based DCRNN approach to model the traffic on a large California highway network with 11,160 sensor locations is demonstrated. An overlapping-nodes approach for the graph-partitioning-based DCRNN is developed to include sensor locations from partitions that are geographically close to a given partition. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the DCRNN model can be used to forecast the speed and flow simultaneously and that the forecasted values preserve fundamental traffic flow dynamics. This approach to developing DCRNN models that represent large highway networks can be a potential core capability in advanced highway traffic monitoring systems, where a trained DCRNN model forecasting traffic at all sensor locations can be used to adjust traffic management strategies proactively based on anticipated future conditions.
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Mohamed, Ahmed I. Z., Yusheng Ci, and Yiqiu Tan. "A Novel Methodology for Estimating the Capacity and Level of Service for the New Mega Elliptical Roundabout Intersection." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8467152.
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Mega elliptical roundabout is a new intersection on rural multilane highways. This intersection was developed in a previous paper using simulation data, and the authors found that it is better than interchange (full cloverleaf) in most scenarios of traffic flow. Basically, there are no guidelines or procedures for designing mega elliptical roundabout in AASHTO Green Book, Federal Highway Administration guides, and Highway Capacity Manual. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the traffic operation performance and propose a methodology for calculating the capacity of mega elliptical roundabout and also the level of service by gap acceptance theory. Moreover, this research studied the influence of different values of truck ratios and also different values of a major highway speed on geometric design and traffic operation performance for mega elliptical roundabout. To validate the thoroughness of the proposed methodology, VISSIM simulations were conducted. This research will assist practitioners in determining the appropriate geometric design, assessing mega elliptical roundabout intersections, and making comparisons with other alternatives.
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Li, Jian, Walid Abdelwahab, and Gerald Brown. "Joint effects of access and geometry on two-lane rural highway safety in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 1012–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-106.
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This paper examines the safety impact of access type, access density, traffic volume, and road geometry on two-lane rural highways in British Columbia. Documented accident to access relationships were reviewed and found to be in poor agreement with observed accident experience within the Province. The nontransferability of accident to access relationships, the lack of studies of traffic and road geometry interaction effects, and the need for a tool to predict the impact of access on highway safety led to the development of the models described in this paper. A comprehensive and disaggregate data base was constructed for some 560 km of the provincial primary arterial highway network. Highway access was classified into four groups: public road intersection, business access, private access, and roadside pullout. Various geometric data, traffic volume, and posted speed limit were included in the data base. Different measures of accidents were chosen to develop the models, including accident rate, accident frequency, severe (fatal plus injury) accident rate, and severe accident frequency. The statistical analyses indicated that when viewed as a disaggregated set of multivariate elements, all access types were significantly correlated with accidents. The joint effects of access and geometry, such as the combination of private access and horizontal curvature, intensify the effect of access on accidents. As a result, relative weightings of all access types in terms of their impact on safety were empirically derived, with business access weighted as 0.5 and private access weighted as 0.10 of public road intersections. Key words: highway access, geometry, accidents, rural highways, two-lane highways, multivariate regression.
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Crabtree, B., P. Dempsey, I. Johnson, and M. Whitehead. "The development of an ecological approach to manage the pollution risk from highway runoff." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.876.
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In the UK, the Highways Agency is responsible for operating, maintaining and improving the strategic road network in England. One focus of the Highways Agency's ongoing research into the nature and impact of highway runoff is aimed at ensuring that the Highways Agency will meet the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. A research programme, undertaken in partnership with the Environment Agency, is in progress to develop a better understanding of pollutants in highway runoff and their ecological impact. The paper presents the outcome of a study to: (1) monitor pollutants in highway runoff under different climate and traffic conditions; (2) develop standards to assess potential ecological risks from soluble pollutants in highway runoff; and (3) develop a model to predict pollutant concentrations in highway runoff. The model has been embedded in a design tool incorporating risk assessment procedures and receiving water standards for soluble and insoluble pollutants—the latter has been developed elsewhere in another project within the research programme. The design tool will be used to support improved guidance on where, and to what level, treatment of runoff is required for highway designers to manage the risk of ecological impact from highway runoff.
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Granato, Gregory E., and Susan Cheung Jones. "Estimating Total Maximum Daily Loads with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2638, no. 1 (January 2017): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2638-12.
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The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Rhode Island DOT are assessing and addressing roadway contributions to total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Example analyses for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, and total zinc in highway runoff were done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with FHWA to simulate long-term annual loads for TMDL analyses with the stochastic empirical loading and dilution model known as SELDM. Concentration statistics from 19 highway runoff monitoring sites in Massachusetts were used with precipitation statistics from 11 long-term monitoring sites to simulate long-term pavement yields (loads per unit area). Highway sites were stratified by traffic volume or surrounding land use to calculate concentration statistics for rural roads, low-volume highways, high-volume highways, and ultraurban highways. The median of the event mean concentration statistics in each traffic volume category was used to simulate annual yields from pavement for a 29- or 30-year period. Long-term average yields for total nitrogen, phosphorus, and zinc from rural roads are lower than yields from the other categories, but yields of sediment are higher than for the low-volume highways. The average yields of the selected water quality constituents from high-volume highways are 1.35 to 2.52 times the associated yields from low-volume highways. The average yields of the selected constituents from ultraurban highways are 1.52 to 3.46 times the associated yields from high-volume highways. Example simulations indicate that both concentration reduction and flow reduction by structural best management practices are crucial for reducing runoff yields.
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Ma, Yongfeng, Xin Gu, Jaeyoung Lee, and Qiaojun Xiang. "Investigating the Affecting Factors of Speed Dispersion for Suburban Arterial Highways in Nanjing, China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7965479.
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Suburban arterial highways are usually characterized by mixed traffic environments, which is a major contributor to traffic crashes. It has been known that speed dispersion as a surrogate safety measure has a strong correlation with safety. The objective of this study is to identify the influencing factors of speed dispersion for suburban arterial highways. Two definitions of speed dispersion are proposed for comparison: (1) an individual vehicle speed variation along a highway segment and (2) a vehicle speed variation at a cross-section. Vehicle speeds, traffic composition, and driving interference data were obtained from high-resolution videos from 20 segments of the G205 highway in Nanjing, China. An exploratory factor analysis was used to detect initial relationships between latent influencing factors and 13 candidate variables selected based on traffic condition, road condition, and driving behavior. A multivariable regression model was applied to identify the impacts of latent influencing factors on speed dispersion. The results from the two models showed substantial differences. The road condition factor was not significant in the cross-sectional speed dispersion model, but was interpretive in the segmented speed dispersion model. Driving interferences and illegal driving behaviors had a greater effect on the segmented speed dispersion. Consequently, segmented speed dispersion showed a better performance for the analysis of suburban arterial highways. On the other hand, traffic disturbance caused by driving interferences and illegal driving behaviors is the greatest contributor to high speed dispersion on suburban arterial highways, which may be mitigated by effective traffic management measures. It is expected that this work will help traffic managers better understand speed dispersion in mixed traffic environments and to develop effective safety improvement strategies.
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Hui, Meng, Lin Bai, YanBo Li, and QiSheng Wu. "Highway Traffic Flow Nonlinear Character Analysis and Prediction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902191.
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In order to meet the highway guidance demand, this work studies the short-term traffic flow prediction method of highway. The Yu-Wu highway which is the main road in Chongqing, China, traffic flow time series is taken as the study object. It uses phase space reconstruction theory and Lyapunov exponent to analyze the nonlinear character of traffic flow. A new Volterra prediction method based on model order reduction via quadratic-linear systems (QLMOR) is applied to predict the traffic flow. Compared with Taylor-expansion-based methods, these QLMOR-reduced Volterra models retain more information of the system and more accuracy. The simulation results using this new Volterra model to predict short time traffic flow reveal that the accuracy of chaotic traffic flow prediction is enough for highway guidance and could be a new reference for intelligent highway management.
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Bing, Xue, Quanlun Wei, Jian Lu, Chaoyang Li, and Yi Zhang. "Sustainable Highway Design: Disentangling the Effects of Geometric-Related and Traffic-Related Factors on Urban Highway Traffic Emissions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 16, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7514612.
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Reducing highway traffic emissions, which is a major part of China's total transportation-related emissions, is a key to China's sustainable development. However, the effects of geometric-related and traffic-related factors on highway traffic emissions are rarely studied in China. Employing data collected from Cao'an Highway in Shanghai, China, and Traffic Software Integrated System (TSIS) as a simulation tool, this paper analyzed the effects of three geometric-related factors and one traffic-related factor on three traffic emissions (HC, CO, and NOx). The geometric-related factors are lane width, number of vehicle lanes, and intersection lane configuration, and the traffic-related factor is free-flow speed. The results indicated that (1) widening the lane width may cause the increase of CO emissions, (2) increasing the number of vehicle lanes may result in the decrease of all three emissions, (3) intersection lane configuration has significant influence on traffic emissions, and (4) the average speed of 23-24 mph is associated with the lowest traffic emissions. The research findings will facilitate the understanding on effects of various factors on highway traffic emissions and provide insights for policy-makers, scholars, and engineers into the improvement of sustainable highway design and management.
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Moreno, Ana Tsui, Carlos Llorca, Scott S. Washburn, Jose Elievam Jr Bessa, and Alfredo Garcia. "Operational Considerations of Passing Zones for Two-lane Highways: Spanish Case Study." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 5 (November 9, 2018): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i5.2776.
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The U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. In two-lane undivided highways, the effect of limiting where drivers could pass slower vehicles, or passing restrictions, is considered through the percentage of no-passing zones. This measure does not account for how passing opportunities are distributed along the road. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect percentage of no-passing zones and average passing zone length on a two-lane highway and, if significant, incorporate them in the analysis methodology,. The TWOPAS microsimulation program was calibrated and validated to the Spanish conditions. Passing restrictions had little effect on average traffic speed (ATS), with differences lower than 6 km/h between a road segment with no passing restrictions and a road segment with a passing restriction on 100% of its length. Conversely, passing restrictions can increase the percent time spent following (PTSF) up to 30%. Increasing the passing zone length beyond 2,000 m does not improve PTSF. The new models could be used to better estimate traffic operation on Spanish two-lane highways.
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Jia, Guo Ling, Rong Guo Ma, and Ya Juan Deng. "On the Application of Ant Colony Neural Network for the Highway Traffic Safety Facilities System." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2675.
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Highway traffic safety facilities system evaluation plays an important role to relieve highway safety problem. From the perspective of system engineering, the influence factors of the current situation are comprehensively considered, the freeway traffic safety facilities system evaluation index system is established, and the application of ant colony neural network evaluation model is constructed. The purpose is to provide the beneficial references for freeway traffic safety facilities system evaluation.
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Srikanth, Seelam, Arpan Mehar, and Kolisetty Guru Naga Venkata Praveen. "Simulation of Traffic Flow to Analyze Lane Changes on Multi-lane Highways under Non-lane Discipline." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no. 2 (January 30, 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.10150.
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The present study uses the microscopic traffic simulation flow model VISSIM for generating traffic flow data to obtain the essential parameters. Study calibrated and validated the VISSIM model based on the field data. Further, lane change behaviour is analyzed with homogeneous vehicle type traffic on four-lane, six-lane and eight-lane divided highways sections through VISSIM simulation model. The study finds the number of lane changes depends on traffic volume as well as on a number of lanes provided for a direction of travel. Lane change data was correlated with traffic volume, and the third-degree polynomial trend was found to be fitted on each type of simulated highway sections. A maximum number of lane changes and lane change at the capacity level of the volume are also quantified on simulated sections of four-lane, six-lane and eight-lane divided highways.
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Luca, Mario De, and Gianluca Dell’Acqua. "CALIBRATING THE PASSENGER CAR EQUIVALENT ON ITALIAN TWO LINE HIGHWAYS: A CASE STUDY." TRANSPORT 29, no. 4 (October 16, 2013): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2013.845854.
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The Level Of Service (LOS) of a road infrastructure, a concept introduced for the first time in the Highway Capacity Manual (second edition), is defined as the ‘qualitative measure of traffic conditions and their perception by users’. The Highway Capacity Manual, developed in the U.S., is still the most highly internationally credited reference text in the study of vehicular traffic. The method proposed by the Highway Capacity Manual is based mainly on studies and research compiled in the U.S., so in order to apply this method to other realities (e.g. Italy), research needs to be carried out at a local level. In this study, a series of studies were carried out to verify the transferability of these procedures to two roads classified as ‘two-lane highways’. Two fixed RTMS (Remote Traffic Microwave Sensor) were used to record traffic data for two sections located at 3100 km on the SP30 and at 8900 km on the SP175 from 1 January to 31 December 2010. From the data, it was possible to determine not only the relationships between the basic parameters of the traffic flow, but also the (Passenger Car Equivalent) (PCE) values. The results showed that the PCEs analyzed vary significantly with vehicular flow, while they are scarcely affected by changes in speed. In particular, with respect to the vehicular flow, although they have the same range recorded in the Highway Capacity Manual (2010) (between 1 and 2), they tend to be higher than those given in the manual, and the difference tends to diminish beyond a flow rate of 400÷450 pcphpl; the PCE coefficients also tend towards 1 (i.e., the condition where a heavy vehicle is comparable to a car) with range values approaching 1000 pcphpl. In addition, for these values, the traffic-flow diagrams obtained, showed speeds (defined as the critical speed) close to 50÷55 km/h (with the exception of the study conducted on the SP175 in direction d2, which is considerably higher).
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Liu, Jiayu, Xingju Wang, Yanting Li, Xuejian Kang, and Lu Gao. "Method of Evaluating and Predicting Traffic State of Highway Network Based on Deep Learning." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (March 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8878494.
Full textAbstract:
The accurate evaluation and prediction of highway network traffic state can provide effective information for travelers and traffic managers. Based on the deep learning theory, this paper proposes an evaluation and prediction model of highway network traffic state, which consists of a Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm-based traffic state partition model, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm-based traffic state prediction model, and a K-Means algorithm-based traffic state discriminant model. The highway network in Hebei Province is employed as a case study to validate the model, where the traffic state of highway network is analyzed using both predicted data and real data. The dataset contains 536,823 pieces of data collected by 233 continuous observation stations in Hebei Province from September 5, 2016, to September 12, 2016. The analysis results show that the model proposed in this paper has a good performance on the evaluation and prediction of the traffic state of the highway network, which is consistent with the discriminant result using the real data.
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Bai, Lan, Qi Sheng Wu, Mei Yang, Lan Xin Wei, Bo Li, and Rong Gao. "Highway Traffic Incident Detection and Optimal Sensor Placement Layout." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.460.
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Traffic incident detection is critical to the core of the traffic incident management process. In order to study the highway traffic incident detection algorithm and the layout spacing of the fixed detector, under the assumptions of the linear traffic flow, to detect traffic incidents as the goal, using TransModeler traffic simulation software to simulate the highway traffic conditions from Xian to Hanzhong, getting the changes in the macroscopic traffic parameters before and after the traffic incident, and analysis of the data, finally puts forward the optimal layout of spacing of basic road traffic incident detection.
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Kamineni, Aditya, Sunil Kumar Duda, Venkaiah Chowdary, and C. S. R. K. Prasad. "Modelling of Noise Pollution Due to Heterogeneous Highway Traffic in India." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2019-0003.
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Abstract Compared to homogeneous traffic flow, traffic speed variation is drastic with the involvement of heterogeneity. With an intent of studying the negative upshot of fluctuating speeds of heterogeneous traffic on the environment, the current paper is the outcome of the research done on various highways located in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in India, with an objective of developing a comprehensive noise prediction model by taking into account the traffic and roadway factors. Quantified noise levels [Leq (dBA) and L10 (dBA)] revealed that for the traffic speed variation of 10 to 95 kmph, the traffic noise levels were significantly affected by the variations in the proportion of the vehicle. On a specific note, the proposed model can be effectively used for the highway traffic noise prediction especially for the heterogeneous traffic, as the difference between the measured and predicted noise levels are within 1 to 10 dB (A).
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Ding, Heng, Yajie Cheng, Xiaoyan Zheng, Wenjuan Huang, Jiye Li, and Hanyu Yuan. "Speed Guidance and Trajectory Optimization of Traffic Flow in a Low-Visibility Zone of a Highway Segment within Multiple Signalized Intersections." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5579796.
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In a low-visibility environment, the speed of traffic flow is more discrete on highways, which easily causes traffic accidents. To improve the safety and efficiency level of low-visibility zones on highways, a comprehensive optimization control method is proposed. The method uses formations of a low-visibility zone to queue discrete vehicles from the upstream intersection. Then, according to the relationship between the arrival time of the fleet and the phase state of the intersection, speed guidance and trajectory optimization are carried out to improve the traffic efficiency of the fleet that enters the low-visibility zone. Finally, a low-visibility zone of a highway segment is analysed with different traffic flows for the main road and the secondary roads, and the results show that the proposed optimization control method can prevent trajectory overlap and effectively decrease traffic delays on highways.
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Crabtree, B., P. Dempsey, I. Johnson, and M. Whitehead. "The development of a risk-based approach to managing the ecological impact of pollutants in highway runoff." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 10 (May 1, 2008): 1595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.269.
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In the UK, the Highways Agency is responsible for the strategic road network. It is recognised that current design guidance to control pollutants in highway runoff is out of date. A research programme is in progress to develop a better understanding of pollutants in highway runoff and their ecological impact. The paper summarises the outcome of a study to: (1) monitor pollutants in highway runoff under different climate and traffic conditions at 24 sites; (2) develop standards to assess potential ecological risks; and (3) develop a model to predict pollutant concentrations in highway runoff. Data collection and analysis of the resulting data have identified a link between pollutant concentrations and traffic density. A number of pollutants routinely present in highway runoff have been identified as posing the greatest ecological risk. Ecologically based standards for acute impacts have been derived for the soluble form of these pollutants. These standards will be used in conjunction with the model to indicate where runoff treatment may be required to mitigate ecological risk. The model and standards will be used to develop improved design guidance to protect receiving waters from pollutants in highway runoff by identifying where runoff treatment is required, and to what degree.
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Lozier, William C., Mary Ellen Kimberlin, and Robin Grant. "Case Study of Highway Maintenance Management: Ohio’s County Work Plans." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1824, no. 1 (January 2003): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1824-08.
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Maintaining the safety and mobility of the state highway network in a cost-effective manner is a top priority for any state department of transportation (DOT). As funding for major new infrastructure becomes scarce and traffic levels steadily rise, maximizing and maintaining the existing highway system becomes increasingly critical. For the Ohio DOT, the task of maintaining Ohio’s highways is massive. While only 35th in geographic size, the state of Ohio has the nation’s 5th-highest traffic volume traveling on the 4th-largest Interstate network and has the 2nd-largest bridge inventory. Traffic in Ohio has grown by 90% during the last 20 years, and this growth pattern is expected to continue. Ohio’s Interstate highways were built in the 1960s and have far exceeded their 20-year design life, creating an even greater need for effective highway maintenance. During the last 3 years, Ohio DOT adopted strategic initiatives to revamp the department’s maintenance management methods, improve practices, and optimize resource use. Focused on redefining, prioritizing, and tracking all maintenance resources, the department set out to combine planning, implementation, quality-review, and cost-accounting data into one manageable, easily accessed system. The product of this intensive effort, the Ohio DOT county annual work plans, is revolutionizing the way the department approaches maintenance management. Before the implementation of the work plans in July 2001, roadside conditions and maintenance efforts varied widely across the state. Following the inaugural year of the work plans, conditions were meeting statewide standards, reflecting the state’s new focus on more effectively managing Ohio’s transportation investment.
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Cruz, Carlos Oliveira, and Joaquim Miranda Sarmento. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Highway Traffic and Management: The Case Study of an Operator Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095320.
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The COVID-19 pandemic created an enormous disruption to the everyday life of the modern society. Among the various urban systems, transportation services were among those that suffered the most significant impacts, particularly severe in the case of highways. This paper addresses the challenges and responses to the pandemic from a private highway operator’s perspective and from a multidisciplinary perspective. Highway operators faced two main challenges: on one hand, the need to cope with the potential disruption caused by the pandemic and a national lockdown for almost three months, the provision of road services, and the requirement to ensure the proper operation and maintenance, and on the other hand, the strong negative impact of the pandemic on levels of traffic. Our case study shows that the operator’s management response in question is essentially characterised by being a first response to short term impacts while balancing for workers health and safety, engineering and management, internal business management, and overall economic impact. Highway operators were hardly prepared for such an event and became more focused on prioritising their employees and clients’ safety to avoid service disruption. Regarding levels of traffic, the pandemic has had severe effects, although to a varying degree, depending on the different types of vehicles (heavy, light, passenger, freight, among other types of vehicles) and the location of highways (coastal vs. interior). The lessons learnt can be valuable in future disruptive events and for other highway concession operators.
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Sharma, Satish C., Jin Y. Oh, and Jon J. Wyatt. "Estimation of design hourly volume from seasonal traffic counts." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-110.
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By considering the thirtieth highest hourly volume (30HV) as the design hour volume, this study reexamines a commonly used method of predicting the 30HV as a function of the annual average daily traffice (AADT) volume. Based on Alberta's highway system data, some common limitations of the traditional 30HV–AADT model are pointed out. Also included in the analysis presented is a proposed alternative model which utilizes July/August traffic data to estimate the design hour volume. The alternative model appears to provide more accurate prediction results and it also eliminates the need of subjectively classifying the roads into various groups as required by the 30HV–AADT method. Key words: annual average daily traffice, design hour volume, highway design, road classification, traffic volume counts, transportation.
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Abriansyah, Iqbal, Desy Yofianti, and Revy Safitri. "EVALUASI KERUSAKAN JALAN LINTAS TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BINA MARGA (Studi Kasus: Jalan Lintas Timur STA 10+000 – 11+000)." FROPIL (Forum Profesional Teknik Sipil) 10, no. 1 (August 28, 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/fropil.v10i1.2969.
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Jalan Lintas Timur (the East Highway) serves as an alternative road to divert traffic from the main Pangkalpinang-Sungailiat road. The East Highway is prioritized for industrial or heavy vehicles. The damaged road found in the East Highway’s STA 10+000 to STA 11+000 has reduced the ability to serve the traffic optimally. Therefore, a study on this road damage is imperative. Bina Marga Method is used for the road damage assessment (TP3JK No. 018/T/BNKT/1990). The road is divided into 20 segments, each 50 meters long. Road damage identification is carried out for each segment, untilizing several indicators consisting of level of damage, type of damage, and dimension of damage. The analysis result showed that the damage occurred in East Highway consists of rutting (1.967%), potholes (0.015%), raveling (13.283%), hair crack (0.078%), alligator crack (0.459%), edge crack (0.001%), slippage crack (1.399%), shoving (4.128%), and patching (78.669%). The assessment result of road condition in the East Highway has the average value of 5, with the average number of road damage of 13.6. The Priority Order obtained is 10, indicating that the road has mild damage. Therefore, to overcome the road damage on the East Highway, a routine maintenance program is needed.
Key words: East Highway, road damage, bina marga method, road condition, priority order, maintenance program.