Academic literature on the topic 'Traffic accidents Australia Computer simulation'

Conditions for the occurrence of bidirectional collisions are developed based on the Simon–Gutowitz bidirectional traffic model. Three types of dangerous situations can occur in this model. We analyze those corresponding to head-on collision; rear-end collision and lane-changing collision. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compute the probability of the occurrence of these collisions for different values of the oncoming cars' density. It is found that the risk of collisions is important when the density of cars in one lane is small and that of the other lane is high enough. The influence of different proportions of heavy vehicles is also studied. We found that heavy vehicles cause an important reduction of traffic flow on the home lane and provoke an increase of the risk of car accidents.

The occurrence of traffic accidents is regular in probability distribution. Using big data mining method to predict traffic accidents is conducive to taking measures to prevent or reduce traffic accidents in advance. In recent years, prediction methods of traffic accidents used by researchers have some problems, such as low calculation accuracy. Therefore, a prediction model of traffic accidents based on joint probability density feature extraction of big data is proposed in this paper. First, a function of big data joint probability distribution for traffic accidents is established. Second, establishing big data distributed database model of traffic accidents with the statistical analysis method in order to mine the association rules characteristic quantity reflecting the law of traffic accidents, and then extracting the joint probability density feature of big data for traffic accident probability distribution. According to the result of feature extraction, adaptive functional and directivity are predicted, and then the regularity prediction of traffic accidents is realized based on the result of association directional clustering, so as to optimize the design of the prediction model of traffic accidents based on big data. Simulation results show that in predicting traffic accidents, the model in this paper has advantages of relatively high accuracy, relatively good confidence and stable prediction result.

The area of traffic flow modelling and analysis that bridges civil engineering, computer science, and mathematics has gained significant momentum in the urban areas due to increasing vehicular population causing traffic congestion and accidents. Notably, the existence of mixed traffic conditions has been proven to be a significant contributor to road accidents and congestion. The interaction of vehicles takes place in both lateral and longitudinal directions, giving rise to a two-dimensional (2D) traffic behaviour. This behaviour contradicts with the traditional car-following (CF) or one-dimensional (1D) lane-based traffic flow. Existing one-dimensional CF models did the inclusion of lane changing and overtaking behaviour of the mixed traffic stream with specific alterations. However, these parameters cannot describe the continuous lateral manoeuvre of mixed traffic flow. This review focuses on all the significant contributions made by 2D models in evaluating the lateral and longitudinal vehicle behaviour simultaneously. The accommodation of vehicle heterogeneity into the car-following models (homogeneous traffic models) is discussed in detail, along with their shortcomings and research gaps. Also, the review of commercially existing microscopic traffic simulation frameworks built to evaluate real-world traffic scenario are presented. This review identified various vehicle parameters adopted by existing CF models and whether the current 2D traffic models developed from CF models effectively captured the vehicle behaviour in mixed traffic conditions. Findings of this study are outlined at the end.

Computer traffic simulation is a widely used technique in modeling, coming up with and development of traffic networks and systems. It contains a various applications, like traffic forecasting, vehicle navigation devices and so on. This paper discusses about the various types of traffic simulators. Another drawback is that the factors like accidents, public events, and road closures. In addition, we are introducing algorithmic concepts, quantifiable metrics and data structural approaches that might be applied to the simulation systems.

As the development of mountain areas has recently increased in Korea, existing roads are being renovated, and new highways are being constructed, which increases driving speeds in mountainous areas. However, the mountainous region in northeastern Korea is more likely to form black ice due to higher humidity, frequent fog, and hillshade, depending on the terrain, which can cause serious traffic pileups. In this study, therefore, we present a method to build a more effective black ice prediction and warning system by linking spatial information to the existing road management system that estimates the road surface temperature based on real-time weather information. The spatial information enabled a prediction to be made of the risk level of black ice formation for each time zone by simulating changes in the shadow area based on precise 3D terrain information. Moreover, this information also presented slope and curvature information of the road to estimate the risk zone. The spatial information was integrated with weather data to predict road surface temperature. The proposed system was tested in two mountainous regions with weather data accumulated from 2017 to 2018. As a result, the proposed system anticipated 71% of traffic accidents caused by black ice during the testing period. The results show that the system can contribute significantly to preventing black-ice-related traffic accidents by providing reasonable predictions.

In this paper, an extended cellular automaton model is proposed to simulate the complex characteristics of traffic flow and the probability of the occurrence of traffic accidents by considering the modified conditions for determining whether traffic accidents happen and the effect of multi-slowdown sections on a highway. The simulation results show that the multi-slowdown sections can lead to multiphase coexistences (i.e. free flow phase, congestion phase and saturation phase) in traffic system. The fundamental diagram shows that the number of slowdown section does not influence the mean velocity and the mean flow under the periodic boundary condition, but the existence of slowdown sections can effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accident. In particular, it is found that the probability of car accidents to occur is the largest at the joint of the normal-speed section and slowdown section, and the underlying mechanism is analyzed. In addition, to design the appropriate limited speed and reduce the differences between the normal speed and limited speed will alleviate traffic congestion and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents obviously.

Road traffic accidents are a concrete manifestation of road traffic safety levels. The current traffic accident prediction has a problem of low accuracy. In order to provide traffic management departments with more accurate forecast data, it can be applied in the traffic management system to help make scientific decisions. This paper establishes a traffic accident prediction model based on LSTM-GBRT (long short-term memory, gradient boosted regression trees) and predicts traffic accident safety level indicators by training traffic accident-related data. Compared with various regression models and neural network models, the experimental results show that the LSTM-GBRT model has a good fitting effect and robustness. The LSTM-GBRT model can accurately predict the safety level of traffic accidents, so that the traffic management department can better grasp the situation of traffic safety levels.

Mixed traffic flow is a main feature of urban traffic in developing countries. Mixed bicycle flow includes human-powered and electric-powered bicycles and plays an important role in this mixed traffic flow. In mixed bicycle flow, cyclist behavior is flexible and variable. Cyclists move arbitrarily in the road and may influence the vehicle flow at intersections. Therefore, we first propose an improved bicycle model that can reproduce the main features of cyclist behavior, such as overtaking and self-protection. Then a simulation model based on the improved bicycle model is proposed to research the characteristics of mixed traffic flow in intersections. The conflict avoidance rules are then applied in the simulation model to eliminate traffic accidents. The simulation results indicate that the improved bicycle model is practical and that the density–velocity diagram of bicycle flow is similar to real traffic data. The existence of bicycle flow decreases vehicle velocity and worsens traffic flow in mixed traffic flow. However, the influence of bicycle flow might disappear at a particular vehicle density.

As road tunnel accidents can result in numerous fatalities and injuries, attention must be paid to accident prevention and management. To address this issue, use of integrated tunnel model for system evaluation and training of road tunnel operators on computer simulator is presented. A unified tunnel model, including traffic, meteorological conditions, ventilation and evacuation that is presented. An overview of simulation models, simulator architecture and challenges during the development are discussed. The integrated tunnel model is used as a core of a simulation system that is capable of reproducing tunnel accidents in real time and it interfaces with Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) interfaces used in real tunnel control centres. It enables operators to acquire experience they could otherwise get only during major accidents or costly exercises. It also provides the possibility for evaluation of tunnel control algorithms and Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) for efficient operation of all safety systems during upgrades and maintenance. Finally, application of the model for accident analysis and optimization of emergency ventilation control is presented where it was used to identify cause of emergency ventilation malfunction and design fault.

Orientador: Regina Coeli Ruschel
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pozzetti_PauloHenrique_M.pdf: 12770381 bytes, checksum: d6fce90f00c39040e03c0b8a9aa801ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
Resumo: Da concorrência entre os elementos participantes do sistema de circulação surgem os conflitos, que em seus maiores graus de severidade se transformam em acidentes de trânsito. Estes acidentes devem ser analisados sobre diversos pontos de vista para que sua compreensão possa ajudar em medidas corretivas. Este trabalho visa identificar a influência de painéis dinâmicos de propaganda no tempo de percepção e reação do motorista, na visualização do conjunto semafórico, em cruzamentos com altos Índices de acidentes na cidade de São Paulo, através de simulação animada em 2D em ambiente computacional. Através dos dados sobre acidentes, foi selecionado na cidade de São Paulo, o cruzamento da Av. Rebouças com a Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima para a simulação, definindo um modelo genérico envolvendo: distância de frenagem e distância percorrida durante os tempos de percepção. Para o teste de hipóteses variadas analisou-se a interferência dos parâmetros velocidade, tempo de percepção e campo de visão do grupo focal. O modelo foi elaborado através dos registros fotográficos do local, sendo gerados 36 filmes. Cada filme representava uma combinação diferente das variáveis. Os filmes foram apresentados para grupos de usuários para a identificação da cor do semáforo: o primeiro na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da UNICAMP e o segundo na CET - Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego - SP, totalizando 180 participantes. identificação da cor do semáforo: o primeiro na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da UNICAMP e o segundo na CET - Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego - SP, totalizando 180 participantes. Ao se analisar os dados obtidos nota-se que as variáveis com maior significância estatística, na visualização do grupo focal, para o modelo desenvolvido, foram as variáveis velocidade, tempo de percepção e a presença do painel. Surpreendentemente a presença do painel atrás do grupo focal contribui para uma correta identificação do semáforo. Observou-se que para velocidades maiores o nível de indefinição na identificação do semáforo é maior. A adoção de tempos de percepção e reação maiores que dois segundos são recomendáveis. Para o modelo desenvolvido não foram relevantes a familiaridade com o local e o ambiente em que os testes foram aplicados. Percebe-se que uma simulação animada em 2D montada em programa para ambientes de navegação para WWW pode incrementar a análise de segurança viária
Abstract: Conflicts emerge from the competition between elements participating in the circulation system, when these achieve severe degree traffic accidents occur. These accidents should be analyzed trom various points view so that its comprehension may indicate corrective measures. This work aims to identify the influence of dynamic publicity panels in the perception-reaction time of drivers in the visualization of light signals of intersections with high accidents rates in the city of São Paulo using an animated 2D simulation in a computer environment. The intersection of Rebouças Avenue and Brigadeiro Faria Lima Avenue was selected as the study site in the simulation. A generic model was defined using the breaking and traversed distance during perception time. The interference of the variables speed, perception time and environment behind the light signal was analyzed in the model. The animation was developed using photographs of the site generating 36 different films. Each film represented a different combination of variables. The films were presented to groups of users for their identification of the color of the light signal: the first group at the Faculdade de Engenharia Civil at UNICAMP and the second group at the Compania de Engenharia de Tráfego (CET) at SP, summing up to 180 participants. Data analyses pointed out that the variables with greatest statistical significance in the focal group for the developed model were speed, perception time and presence of the panel. Surprising1y, the presence of the panel behind the focal group contributes for the correct perception of the light signal. It was also observed that in higher velocities the indefinition in identification of the light signal is greater. There for, it is recommended the use of perception-reaction time higher then 2 seconds. In the developed model the variables familiarity with the site and group of users were not relevant. It can be conc1uded that the 2D animated simulation in computer environment increments the ana1ysis of traffic safety
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Simulator training forms an integral part of driver training in rural India. As the majority of the simulators are imported from the Western world, they do not mimic the actual road conditions of rural India. This often leads to mismatches in the would-be drivers' perceptions of the Indian traffic and creates problems later on in their career, which is manifested in the form of increased driver errors and at times fatal road accidents. This research looked in the user interface of such simulators and usability perspective and came up with two concepts for these drivers that closely resemble the Indian rural traffic scenario.

As the most critical facility of rail transit transfer station, the carrying capacity and efficiency of transfer channel greatly affect the operation efficiency and safety of transfer station. Different from the entrance and exit channels of the station, on the one hand, the transfer channel is impacted by the pulse large passenger flow with the departure interval as the cycle, and the load is large; on the other hand, due to the relatively narrow passenger circulation space, it is impossible to take operation and management measures such as flow restriction. Once serious congestion occurs, it is very easy to cause safety accidents. Due to the uncoordinated line network planning and inaccurate passenger flow prediction, the capacity of transfer channels in some transfer stations at peak hours is seriously insufficient, so they have to be rebuilt at a great cost. In the past, the comparison and selection of channel reconstruction schemes often used static calculation and qualitative analysis, which was lack of comprehensiveness. Based on the reconstruction project of transfer channel of Zhichun Road Station of Beijing Metro, this paper uses computer pedestrian simulation tools to establish three-dimensional simulation environments of different schemes, evaluates the traffic efficiency of different schemes, and recommends the better scheme in this paper in combination with the difficulty of project implementation.

Vehicle Stability Control systems (VSC) for four-wheeled vehicles like the electronic stability program (ESP) helped to decrease the number of traffic deaths in Germany to an all-time low over the last ten years. However, the number of people killed in powered two-wheeler accidents has been almost constant over the same period of time. Vehicle Stability Control systems for powered two-wheelers (especially motorcycles) so far include only anti-lock brakes and traction control systems, both systems are not designed to work in cornering. Further stability control systems are not known up to now. The objective of this paper is to assess the technical possibilities for future Vehicle Stability Control systems and the amount of accidents that could be prevented by those systems. From an accident analysis, all accidents not avoidable by today’s VSC Systems have been analyzed. Only accidents while cornering without braking have been determined as potentially avoidable by future technical systems (braked accidents have been counted as preventable by improved today’s systems). The accidents can be caused by insufficient friction (e.g. slippery road surface, sand, oil or to high curve speed). About 4 to 8 percent of all motorcycle accidents are of this type. The data source for accident descriptions were interviews of motorcycle experts who were able to describe their own accidents and detailed accident descriptions from an accident database. The accident types have been investigated with driving experiments and computer simulation. With a vehicle model different ways to influence the critical driving situations could be analyzed and evaluated. Experiments and simulations showed an instable roll and side-slip angular acceleration of the motorcycle during critical driving situations. The sideslip rate proved to be a robust criterion for recognizing whether a driving situation is critical. The roll movement of the vehicle cannot be influenced with reasonable means, because neither the lateral tire forces can be increased nor stabilizing gyros can be used since the necessary angular momentum is to large for a feasible package. The vehicle sideslip rate can be influenced by braking the front or the rear wheel, thus generating a yaw moment to avoid the dangerous high-side type accidents when friction changes back from low to high. The motorcycle accidents influenced by this system are only a small portion of the mentioned accidents, so as a result of this study, the potential for future vehicle dynamic control systems that help prevent non-braking cornering accidents is estimated quite low.

When traffic accidents occur, transport systems can result in irreparable negative impacts on people as well as the environment. In maritime transport unexpected fire in the ship’s engine room represents a grave risk. Because such accidents are very often difficult to prevent, modelling of fire propagation bears a vital significance for setting up preventive measures and safety systems, whose task is the suppression of fire danger. The paper describes the CFAST computer model (Building and Fire Research Laboratory - National Institute of Standards and Technology), whose purpose is to solve the problem of fire propagation in a complex multi-compartment environment. In our example it was used in a concrete ship’s engine room, with a fire starting in the ship’s main propulsion engine. The application includes all elements that can be damaged in case of fire at different ventilation conditions of the ship’s engine room. By means of simulation, the analysis and presentation of physical parameters working upon exposed engine components was made.