Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traffic accident investigation'
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Henry, Kevin C. "Soft surface roll mechanics parameters for light vehicle rollover accident reconstruction /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2024.pdf.
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Arndt, Owen. "Relationship between roundabout geometry and accident rates." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.
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The aim of this research is to determine the effect of unsignalised intersection geometry on the rates of the various types of accidents occurring at unsignalised
intersections. A literature review has identified that there is little consistency between the results of previous studies. Some studies found that particular
parameters had an opposite effect to what was expected. With this in mind, the research identified reasons for these results and developed two basic approaches to
mitigate some of the problems with multi-factor type studies. These approaches are 'maximise the efficiency of data collection' and 'develop techniques for analysing
less than perfect data'. A database consisting of 206 unsignalised intersection sites from throughout Queensland was used for analysis. The outcome of this research confirms the validity of several of the current design standards for unsignalised intersections, in addition to identifying new engineering procedures.
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Vogel, Liesel. "Oorsake van padongelukke met verwysing na die R44 tussen Somerset-Wes en Klapmuts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50052.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa, and other developing countries, experience great problems concerning road traffic accidents. Despite road safety campaigns like Arrive Alive being launched, accident rates do not decline significantly and the problem is predicted to get worse. This study is done on a road in the Western Cape, the R44, to investigate the causes of road accidents. The causes of the accidents are deduced from the accident reports and relationships are sought with other factors. The results of this study are risk factors (human-, environment- and vehicle factors) for the 14 accident types that occurred on the R44, as well as measures to prevent road accidents. It has been found that the human factor plays the biggest role in road accidents. Out of the 404 accidents analysed, 77.7% were caused by human factors, 8.7% by unknown factors, 7.2% by environmental factors and 6.4% by vehicle factors. The problems experienced with the data quality are reported and recommendations concerning it are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika en ander ontwikkelende lande ervaar groot probleme met verkeersongelukke. Ten spyte van veldtogte soos Arrive Alive wat geloods word, neem ongelukskoerse nie beduidend af nie, en daar word voorspel dat die situasie nie gaan verbeter nie. Hierdie studie is op 'n pad in die Wes-Kaap, die R44, gedoen om die oorsake van padongelukke vas te stel. Die oorsake van ongelukke i s van die ongeluksvorms a fgelei, en verwantskappe is gesoek met ander faktore. Die resultate van die studie is risikofaktore (menslike-, omgewings- en voertuigfaktore) vir die 14 ongelukstipes wat op die R44 voorgekom het, asook voorkomingsmaatreëls om padongelukke te voorkom. Daar is gevind dat die menslike faktor die grootste oorsaak van ongelukke is. Uit die 404 ongelukke wat geanaliseer is, is 77.7% van die ongelukke deur menslike faktore, 8.7% van die ongelukke deur onbekende faktore, 7.2% van die ongelukke deur omgewingsfaktore en 6.4% van die ongelukke deur voertuigfaktore veroorsaak. In hierdie studie is probleme ondervind met die datakwaliteit, en daaroor is verslag gedoen en aanbevelings gemaak.
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White, David Ian. "An investigation of factors associated with traffic accident and casualty risk in Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2782.
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An investigation was conducted to identify factors associated with traffic accident involvement and traffic casualty involvement of road users in Scotland. This was done to determine to what extent accident and casualty involvement are related, and so assist policy-makers in the allocation of scarce resources. Traffic accident involvement was identified for Scottish-resident vehicle drivers. Traffic casualty involvement was identified for vulnerable road users, particularly child pedestrians. Traffic accident rates were determined from information provided by approximately one thousand Scottish-resident drivers who completed an extensive questionnaire on driving behaviours. Their personal characteristics, socio-demographic data, and information on attitudes to road safety issues, were also provided. This broad investigation revealed that traffic accident involvement was found to be associated with personal characteristics, driving behaviour, and attitudes to road safety issues. There is no evidence of any area effect on accident involvement of Scottish drivers, in terms of the administrative area in which they live, the relative level of affluence/deprivation of the area, or the population density of the area. A detailed statistical analysis of STATS19 traffic accident data was conducted to determine casualty rates for different groups of road user in Lothian, Scotland, for the years 1991-97. This involved the development of a unique index of multiple deprivation suitable for both urban and rural areas. Traffic casualty rates were found to be positively associated with the level of deprivation and the population density at postcode sector level. Analysis of injury-accident data identified that personal characteristics are also associated with casualty involvement for children aged 0-15 years old. As with accident involvement, the influence of behavioural and attitudinal factors on casualty involvement needs to be examined. A significant finding from this study is that traffic accident risk and traffic casualty risk are not associated with the same factors. Place of residence is significant in determining casualty risk, but has no significant effect on accident risk. Implications from this research are discussed and suitable recommendations are made.
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O'Rafferty, George William. "Development of a curriculum for a course in advanced accident investigation for field officers: Scene documentation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/377.
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Bin, Subaih Ahmed. "Creating a virtual training environment for traffic accident investigation for the Dubai police force." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3040/.
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Serious games are successfully applying game engines for purposes that go beyond pure entertainment However this results in a serious game being dependent on a particular game engine. This undermines the ability to keep the serious game up to date with the latest in gaming technology and also causes insecurity due to the possibility of the discontinuation of a game engine or the possibility of its support dwindling. In this thesis, the 'game' is separated from the game engine in order to make it portable between game engines. The game elements this work makes portable are the game logic, the object model and the game state, which represent the game's brain, and which are collectively referred to as the game factor, or G-factor. This separation is achieved by using an architecture called game space architecture (GSA), which ,combines a variant of the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern to separate the G-factor (the model) from the game engine (the view) with on-the-fly scripting to enable communication through an adapter (the controller). This enables multiple views (i.e. game engines) to exist for the same model (i.e. G-factor). The success of GSA in achieving its objective is evaluated by two types of evaluation: structured and unstructured. The principal findings from the evaluation process reveal that GSA is capable of servicing the same G-factor to multiple game engines and that it supports modifiability. They also reveal that GSA adds little development overhead. The ability of GSA to scale to real world applications is demonstrated by the development of a serious game for traffic accident investigators (SGTAI). SGTAI itself is used to investigate the suitability of a serious game to address the Dubai police force's current traffic accident investigation training needs. These needs were identified in a field study conducted in the summer of 2004 to assess the current training methods oflectures and on-the-job training. SGTAI was then developed by combining game design and instructional design to ensure the learning objectives were integral to the gameplay. To assess the learning effectiveness of SGTAI an experiment was conducted in February and March of 2006 for fifty-six police officers from the Dubai police force. They were divided into two groups: novices (0 to 2 years experience) and experienced investigators (with more than 2 years e.'{perience). The experiment revealed significant performance improvements in both groups, with the improvement reported in novices significantly higher than the one reported in experienced investigators.
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Beisel, Karen L. "Role of police, prosecutors and defense attorneys in traffic accident investigation and adjudication in Chattanooga, Tennessee." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0326102-211941/unrestricted/BeiselK.pdf.
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Karpickaitė, Inga. "Eismo įvykių tyrimo praktika ir tobulinimo perspektyvos (remiantis Utenos apskrities medžiaga)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090217_110338-29531.
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Lietuva pagal eismo įvykių skaičių yra pirmaujanti Europos sąjungos valstybė ir nors Lietuvoje eismo įvykių skaičius mažėja, vėl pastebimas įprastinių rodiklių „grįžimas“. Lietuva yra vienintelė Europos Sąjungos šalis, kurioje kasmet eismo įvykiuose žūva daugiau kaip 200 žmonių vienam mln. gyventojų. Taigi eismo įvykių tyrimas yra aktuali tema ir teoriniu, ir praktiniu pobūdžiu. Šiame darbe pateikta eismo įvykių baudžiamoji teisinė bei kriminalistinė charakteristika, eismo įvykių kriminalistinė charakteristika ir tyrimo praktika Utenos apskrityje ir eismo įvykių tyrimo ir prevencijos tobulinimo kryptys. Darbe nagrinėjamos teorinės ir praktinės problemos, su kuriomis susiduria pareigūnai tirdami eismo įvykius. Išnagrinėjus visus ikiteisminius tyrimus, pradėtus dėl eismo įvykių ir išanalizavus 100 apklausos anketų, kurias užpildė Utenos apskrities policijos komisariatų pareigūnai ir Utenos apskrities prokuratūrų prokurorai, darbe pateikiama eismo įvykių, įvykusių Utenos apskrityje, kriminalistinė charakteristika, nurodomi neigiami veiksniai, įtakojantys eismo įvykių tyrimą Utenos apskrityje. Baigiamojo darbo pagrindinė išvada - eismo įvykių tyrimo praktika Utenos apskrityje nėra vienoda ir neigiamai įtakoja eismo įvykių tyrimą. Eismo įvykių tyrimo praktiką Utenos apskrityje reikia vienodinti, o eismo įvykių tyrimą pavesti viešosios policijos padaliniams.By the number of traffic accidents Lithuania takes the leading position among the European Union countries. Although the number of traffic accidents in Lithuania is declining, usual rates are observed to return. Lithuania is the only EU country where over 200 persons per one million of the population get killed in traffic accidents every year. Therefore investigation of traffic accidents is a relevant topic both in the theoretical and practical aspect. The thesis describes traffic accidents in terms of criminal law and criminology, discusses criminological characteristics of traffic accidents and investigation practice in Utena County and indicates the directions for improvement of investigation and prevention of traffic accidents.
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Ale, Gom Bahadur. "Safety Effectiveness and Safety-Based Volume Warrants of Right-Turn Lanes at Unsignalized Intersections and Driveways on Two-Lane Roadways." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26510.
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Disagreements regarding to what degree right-turn lanes improve or worsen the safety of intersections and driveways provided the motivation and the need for this study. The objectives of this study were to: a) carry out an in-depth study to determine the safety impacts of right-turn movements in different contexts, and b) develop safety-based volume warrants for right-turn lanes if safety indeed improves. Lack of adequate study on the applicability of past warrants and guidelines for the specific context of right-turn movements made from major uncontrolled approaches at unsignalized intersections, and particularly driveways, on two-lane roadways provided the scope for this study.
Five-year historical data of statewide traffic crashes reported on Minnesota?s twolane trunk highways were analyzed using binary/multinomial logistic regressions. Conflicts due to right turns were analyzed by fitting least squares conflict prediction models based on the data obtained from field surveys and traffic simulations. The safety impacts of rightturn lanes were determined through crash-conflict relationships, crash injury severity, and crash and construction costs.
The study found that the probabilities of right-turn movement related crash ranged from 1.6 to 17.2% at intersections and from 7.8 to 38.7% at driveways. Rear-end, samedirection- sideswipe, right-angle and right-turn crash types constituted 96% of right-turn movement related crashes. Rear-end crash probabilities varied from 13.7 to 46.4% at approaches with right-turn lanes and from 37.9 to 76.9% otherwise. The ratios of rearend/ same-direction-sideswipe crashes to conflicts were 0.759 x 10^6 at approaches with right-turn lanes and 1.547 x 10^6 otherwise.
Overall, right-turn lanes reduced right-turn movement related crash occurrences and conflicts by 85% and 80%, respectively. Right-turn lanes also reduced crash injury severity, hence, reducing the economic cost by 26%. Safety benefits, in dollars, realized with the use of right-turn lanes at driveways were 29% and 7% higher compared to those at intersections at low and high speed conditions respectively for similar traffic conditions. Depending on roadway conditions, interest rate and construction costs, the safety-based volume thresholds ranged from 3 to 200 right turns per hour during the design hour at intersection approaches, and from 2 to 175 right turns at driveway approaches.
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McLundie, W. M. "Investigation of Two-Wheeled Road Traffic Accidents using Explicit FE Techniques." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3170.
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With the increase of road traffic accidents increasing due to motorised traffic
in the developing world growing alongside the more traditional bicycles and
light motorcycles there is good reason to re-examine the two-wheeler case. In
addition, if you include the large congestion charge scheme now underway in
London and similar projects being considered in other cities globally, there is
an even stronger case. These schemes encourage commuters to get back
onto two wheels but with a potential increase in road traffic accidents.
The development of Explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA) over the last 15
years, and large improvements in solver times has made examination of
complex impact events achievable. As an extension of this knowledge it is
now beginning to be feasible to consider the complex case of injury to
vulnerable road users (VRU's).
This thesis describes why two-wheeler accidents are increasingly relevant,
and the details of which injuries are most common in each particular case.
From physical testing, bicycle models for adult and child cases were created
and the most relevant car to cyclist accident scenarios re-constructed.
Existing humanoid models and vehicle models were adapted to understand
biomechanical effects in the collision.
The results show that although there is great variation due to this complex
event in terms of biomechanical and frictional effects and therefore the
resulting kinematics, as a mathematical method of investigating future protection devices it should be possible to gain a greater understanding of
their effects in the real world. To this end a final section detailing the
development of active and passive technologies (including structural
optimisation techniques) has been included.
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Alhomidan, Abdullah. "INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC CRASHES IN TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS IN OHIO." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1165259225.
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Williams, Philip R. L. "An investigation of vehicle lighting and road accidents at dusk." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1988. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36469/1/36469_Williams_1988_Vol-1.pdf.
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It is important for drivers not only to see but also to
be seen. This project is primarily concerned with the
latter criteria with particular reference to the
conspicuity value of vehicle lighting during dusk. A
one year survey of vehicle light use in dusk was
carried out at a number of sites in the South-East
Queensland area.
The use of vehicle lights was found to be extremely
variable and influenced by a number of factors,
especially the weather. Clear skies at dusk appear to
mislead many drivers as to their vehicles conspicuity
at the roadway level. Consequently they often delay
switching on lights until very late in dusk.
Motorcyclists are an exception and generally use lights
much earlier. Parking lights are favoured by a
significant proportion of drivers as a preliminary
measure before the use
effectiveness of parking
found to be deficient.
of headlights. However, the
lights was also surveyed and
The Queensland Traffic Act
requirement for drivers to use headlights after sunset
was not observed by the majority of drivers.
Most authors agree that dusk represents a potentially
difficult period for drivers. Research has confirmed
that in reduced ambient illumination, vehicles with
lights have a number of advantages to other road users
over unlit vehicles. These include longer detection
distances, better distance estimation and less chance
of non-detection in a mixed group of lit and unlit
vehicles. Published accident statistics were found to include a
number of limitations regarding "dusk" accidents. More
detailed analysis showed that in general dusk was not
over-represented by accidents despite the potential
problems. However this is complicated greatly by the
effect of peak traffic. Pedestrian accidents were
found to be consistently high in dusk. Overtaking on
high speed rural roads in late dusk was shown to be
unsafe where the oncoming vehicle was unlit.
Overseas studies generally
running lights as an
favour the use of all day
accident counter collision
measure, but these studies have mainly been carried out
in countries such as Sweden and Canada where ambient
illumination is poorer than in Australia.
A number of recommendations are made to improve the
safety and confidence of drivers during dusk.
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Sim, Samuel Wook. "An initial investigation for a monitoring program for the safety performance of design exceptions in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45815.
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In roadway projects, design exceptions are implemented when the project site consists of one or more substandard design elements. The objective of this thesis is to conduct an initial investigation for a monitoring program for the safety performance of design exceptions in Georgia. A total of 467 projects containing design exceptions were reported in Georgia from 1995 to 2011, and from this crash data for 179 projects from 2003 to 2008 were sampled. The crash data collected in this research pertains to all roadway segments within the projects and is not necessarily related to the design exceptions. Future efforts will be required to explore potential connections between the crash rates and design exceptions.
The annual crash results generally revealed a high variability and randomness in the data. For this reason, the average 3-year crash frequencies before design exception approval date and after it were calculated to determine the safety performance for projects containing design exceptions. A method for determining expected results using the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) predictive method is also discussed. The findings will be used to guide future research on design exceptions and mitigation measures to improve roadway safety.
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Louw, Tyron Linton. "An investigation into control mechanisms of driving performance : resource depletion and effort-regulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001842.
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Driver fatigue is a complex phenomenon that has a range of causal factors including sleeprelated and task-related factors. These manifest as different safety and performance outcomes. Extensive research has been applied to linking these factors to performance impairment. However, little research focuses on the mechanisms by which this link exists. This research project therefore focuses on the processes underlying how driving performance is controlled and maintained during the development on non-sleep-related driver fatigue. The main aim was to establish whether progressive impairment of driving control over a prolonged drive could be attributed to a depletion of attentional resources, as proposed by Resource Theory, or to a withdrawal of effort, as proposed by Effort-Regulation Theory. As a multicomponent skill, driving requires perception, cognition and motor output. The secondary aim of this research was therefore to assess whether a prolonged drive impairs stage-specific information processing. Participants (n=24) in three experimental groups performed a 90-minute simulated drive wherein they were expected to keep the bonnet of a car on a lane (tracking task). The three groups differed in terms of lane width: small, medium and large, corresponding to low, medium, and high task-demand, respectively. To assess the impacts of this task on stagespecific information processing, participants performed a set of resource specific tests before and after the prolonged drive. Each task had two difficulty variations to ensure that performance decrement was due not only to the task-characteristic, but specifically to resource depletion. The tests probing information processing were: a modified Fitts' tapping task for motor programming, a digit recall task for perception, and an object recognition reading task for cognition. Performance was measured as lateral deviation of the car. Physiological measures included heart rate frequency (HR) and various time- and frequencydomain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, eye blink frequency and duration. The Borg CR-10 scale was used to evaluate subjective effort and fatigue during the task. Driving control declined over time and was supplemented by HR, HRV, blink frequency and duration, indicating an increase in parasympathetic activity (or a reduction in arousal). An increase in blink frequency was considered as a sign of withdrawal of attentional resources over time. Driving control declined to a greater extent in the large road width group and reflected a lower parasympathetic activity, whereas the inverse was observed for the small road width group. Resource tests reveal a non-specific impairment of information processing following the prolonged drive. However, this was accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity. Overall, results indicate that Effort-Regulation Theory better accounts for the impairment of driving control in prolonged driving than does Resource Theory. This suggests that the impact of fatigue is guided more by task goals and intrinsic motivation than by the manner in which the fatigue state developed. Moreover, performance impairment by effort-regulation is dependant more on time on task than on task-demand
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Jones, Charlie. "A cross-sectional and prospective investigation of traumatic brain injury, memory and sleep in survivors of road traffic accidents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413512.
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Cassidy, John David. "The epidemiology of low back pain in the general population and after motor vehicle collisions : population-based investigations /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-043-5/.
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Modak, Anagha Gurunath. "Road Accident Reconstruction and Simulation With and Without EDR Data." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2629.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Road accident reconstruction and simulation investigates the accident causes, suggests improvements in vehicle design and investigates failures in vehicle control and safety systems such as the anti-lock brake system (ABS) and air-bag deployment. This thesis focuses on analysis of crash data from vehicles not equipped with collision warning systems. Vehicle parameters before and during an accident can be recorded using an Event Data Recorder (EDR) which helps in reconstructing an accident. This tool, installed in the vehicle, records different crash parameters like vehicle speed, lateral and longitudinal acceleration, seat-belt status, and air-bag deployment over a period that spens the accident. This thesis focuses on accident reconstruction with and without EDR data. A simulation software tool called HVE is used to visually recreate the reconstructed accidents. HVE is a platform to execute different accident simulation methods which are used for specific types of simulations. Two such simulation methods, EDSMAC4 and EDHIS, are discussed in this thesis. The former is an important method for vehicle-to-vehicle collisions and the latter is used for analysis of human behavior involved in the accident. Three real-life accidents were chosen for reconstruction and simulation. They were Bus and Car accident, Three Vehicle accident and Intersection accident. These particular accidents were chosen to represent a diverse selection of accidents based on the following parameters: the locations of the accidents, the vehicles involved in each accident, and the data available. A qualitative analysis of vehicle occupant's behavior is also presented for one of the three accidents. The thesis discusses in detail the reconstruction of these three accidents. Throughout these simulations, the thesis illustrates the advantages and limitations of the EDR and HVE simulation software for accident reconstruction and simulation.
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劉國賢. "Applying certificatoin system for traffic accident investigation." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9jbqrm.
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Xu, Min. "Accident investigation and local area traffic management scheme evaluation." 1999. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84525.
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陳鴻斌. "A Study on Revision Investigation Report Form of Traffic Accident." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u4kxz6.
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CHEN, QI-WEN, and 陳啟文. "A Study of Applying Data Mining Technique in Traffic Accident Investigation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fz747c.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士在職專班
107
At present, traffic accidents in Taiwan are frequent, making the load of traffic accident investigation increasingly heavier. Therefore, this study explores the feasibility of using data mining technique in traffic accident investigation. This study uses neural network and case-based reasoning in a data mining software to analyze 300 accident cases. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the two methods is 60% and 74% respectively. Case-based reasoning is a significantly better method than neural network. With the increase of the amount of data in the future, the accuracy of case-based reasoning should be further improved. At that time, it is believed that the efficiency of the investigation agency will be improved and the cost will be reduced.
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Rothe, J. F. "Enhancement of accident reporting in the Johannesburg Metropole." Thesis, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000462.
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Thesis (MTech. degree in Traffic Safety Management)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2008.This research explored ways in which the process of road traffic accident reporting in the Johannesburg metropole could be enhanced. The specific objectives were to systematically examine the process of road traffic accident reporting and to focus on an analysis of (1) the time it takes the relevant authorities to complete the various activities involved in reporting road traffic accidents; (2) the quality of completed road traffic accident reports; and (3) the general experiences of drivers involved in road traffic accidents regarding the system of road traffic accident reporting and information retrieval in the Johannesburg metropole; to draft guidelines for strengthening the process of road traffic accident reporting in the research area, based on the mentioned analysis; and to provide pointers for future research. The study adopted a systems perspective on road traffic accident reporting and took cognisance of the wider road traffic safety management and transportation context in South Africa. The findings underlined that (1) the time taken to report road traffic accidents in the Johannesburg metropole tended to be unacceptably long; and that (2) accident reports tended to be inaccurate and/or incomplete. Based on the findings and the conceptual premises of the study, the researcher developed an accident-reporting management model.
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Yeh, Tsung-Ho, and 葉宗和. "A Study of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Road Traffic Accident Investigation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xh29pq.
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碩士健行科技大學
土木工程系空間資訊與防災科技碩士班
106
At present, most of the police in Taiwan use measuring wheels as the surveying tools at the scene of an traffic accident. Therefore, the personnel working on scene measurement are bound to place themselves on high-risk roads, such as national highways with high-speed traffic. If an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used for scene mapping instead of traditional approach, the risk of secondary accident can be greatly lowered while the police personnel are working on scene measurement. Considering the convenience and maneuverability of an UAV, this study uses an UAV to perform two-dimensional photogrammetry with five control points in the experiment of distance measurement of traffic accident on-site sketchs. At a low altitude, it should be a relatively simple and feasible method to measure with a known distance in the area of the scene. Under an altitude of 80 meters, the maximum measurement error is within 10 centimeters and the efficiency and accuracy of scene measurement is highly increased. According to the experiment results of the reconstruction of a traffic accident scene, we found that the accuracy of the check points on the ground is consistent at either the altitude of 15 meters or 30 meters. The RMSare respectively 0.5 cm at the altitude of 15 meters and 1.0 cm at the altitude of 30 meters. The accuracy is consistent in the experiment and the theory.Both are lower than the RMS of the measuring wheel(about ±0.16m). The results of this research show that it is feasible to apply the UAVs for the investigation of a traffic accident. It can reduce the human errors in using the measuring wheel and serve as a reference for improving the management of traffic accident.
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"Role of Police, Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys in Traffic Accident Investigation and Adjudication in Chattanooga, Tennessee." East Tennessee State University, 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0326102-211941/.
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Mphekgwana, Modupi Peter. "Analysis of road traffic accidents in Limpopo Province using generalized linear modelling." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3483.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Background: Death and economic losses due to road traffic accidents (RTA) are huge global public health and developmental problems and need urgent attention. Each year nearly 1.24 million people die and millions suffer various forms of disability as a result of road accidents. This puts road traffic injuries (RTIs) as the eighth leading cause of death globally and RTIs are set to become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2030 unless urgent actions are taken. Aim: In this paper, we investigate factors that contribute to road traffic deaths (RTDs) in the Limpopo province of South Africa using models such as the generalized linear models (GLM) and zero inflated models. Methods: The study was based on retrospective data that comprised of reports of 18,029 road traffic accidents and 4,944 road traffic deaths over the years 2009 – 2015. Generalized linear modelling and zero-inflated models were used to identify factors and determine their relationships to RTDs. Results: The data was split into two categories: deaths that occurred during holidays and those that occurred during non-holiday periods. It was found that the following variables, namely, Monday, human actions, vehicle conditions and vehicle makes, were significant predictors of RTDs during holidays. On the other hand, during non-holiday periods, weekend, Tuesday, Wednesday, national road, provincial road, sedan, LDV, combi and bus were found to be significant predictors of road traffic deaths. Conclusion: GLM techniques, such as the standard Poisson regression model and the negative binomial (NB) model, did little to explain the zero excess, therefore, zero-inflated models, such as zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), were found to be useful in explaining excess zeros. Recommendation: The study recommends that the government should make more human power available during the festive seasons, such as the December holidays, and over weekends.
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Röthe, J. F. "The development of an online road accident-reporting management system for the South African Police Service." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001404.
Full textAbstract:
D. Tech. PolicingThe first legislation on accident reporting in South Africa was promulgated in 1913 in an ordinance of Transvaal, one of the four provinces of South Africa at the time. Since then several amendments have been made to legislation on accident reporting, but accident reporting has continued to be time consuming and unnecessarily complicated. It seems that technology is not yet utilised to its full potential. Therefore this study investigates ways in which an online application (app) for accident reporting could be designed and implemented. The development and implementation of a simpler and modern app for online accident reporting could successfully address the problem of unavailable statistics for minor damage-only accidents. By amending the National Road Traffic Act, 1996 (Act 93 of 1996) to accommodate more cost-effective online accident reporting through eAccident, the time spent on compiling the current accident reports could be minimised and costly human resources could be utilised more effectively in core police functions such as law enforcement.
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Lee, Re-nan, and 李瑞南. "The Research of the Investigation of the Handle Quality of Traffic Accident and the Improvement Stratagics for The Future―Kaohsiung City Police Department Traffic corps For Example." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12522695554977172918.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
93
In Taiwan, car accidents claims almost 7,000 lives a year. The damage and loss is close to 100 billions. This means that at least 10 thousand families are estimated to suffer from such a loss. The loss that cannot be expressed in terms of money and in numbers is hard to calculate. Every accident that occurs affects and involves civil, criminal and administrative responsibility. Whatever evidence collected or documents recorded by the police officers during the scene of the accident are crucial to future reference. It is important that the evidence and records collected during the accident can match the statement of the victim during the questioning. If the evidence is properly collected it can be used to prove or better understand the events of the accident. Witness of scene or the victim may at times distort the truth, but the evidence collected cannot be distorted. During the investigation of any case, the evidence and materials collected can be compared to shed some truth on the event of the accident. A research has been conducted in Kaohsiung city government police bureau traffic corps in order to improve the quality and standards of handling car accident cases and clearly analyze the situation in Kaohsiung and also compare foreign data to better understand the issues that cause this problem. Well-developed countries such as Japan and the U.S. have already developed advanced systems, procedures and organization in this area and their expertise will be applied to better analyze the problem in Taiwan. A survey will be conducted towards traffic police officers, accident victims, forensic department, prosecutors and experts. This survey will be used to improve the quality and strategy of every traffic accident investigation. The results of this survey will be used to analyze how Kaohsiung can improve and establish a traffic forensic committee, improve the education and training and also develop improved equipment. Furthermore regulations and policies on how accident cases are handling will be improved.
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Roets, Andre. "An assessment of the criminology significance of motor vehicle crash data within the criminal justice context." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18881.
Full textAbstract:
This research assessed the criminological significance of motor vehicle crash data within the criminal justice context. The study was conducted at the southern region Accident Bureau of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department (EMPD).
The objectives of this research are to:
a. Explore and describe the extent and criminological impact of road traffic crashes on a macro level.
b. Explore and describe the impact of road traffic crashes on a micro level.
c. Explain the criminological significance of road traffic crash data in relation to effective road safety management.
d. Evaluate and describe the attendance and recording procedure of road crashes.
e. Evaluate and describe the supervisor’s responsibility in relation to the quality of crash data recorded.
f. Evaluate and describe the effectiveness of crash statistics accessed by management and/or officials.
g. Evaluate and explain the current prosecution procedure as part of the CJS.
h. Evaluate existing policy about the crash-recording process applicable to operational law enforcement practitioners of the EMPD.
i. Explore and describe the current state of motor vehicle insurance and its necessity from a criminological perspective.
The researcher followed a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data from recorded Accident Report Forms and qualitative data from interviews with participants active in their fields of expertise. Road crashes are characterised by injury and damage; victims suffer trauma and economic consequences, and the society and the economy as a whole are affected. The research suggests that accurate road crash data form a crucial component in the investigation, prosecution and development of road safety strategies in the quest towards improved road safety efforts. It also indicates that existing crash data are of such a sub-standard that traffic professionals
will not be able to develop effective and efficient road safety strategies in pursuit of road safetyCriminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)
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Chou, Hong-Kuang, and 周鴻光. "The investigation both on the relationship of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty –Take the F Insurance Company Customer Service on Traffic Accident Scene for Example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84771827644773037263.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
風險管理與保險學系碩士在職專班
97
Non-life insurance is a sort of insurance business that must be approved by government in Taiwan and contains variety of insurance products. From these various insurance products, motor insurance accounts for around 50% of the total market, which become a target of intense competition for all the non-life insurance in Taiwan. The premium Rate of motor insurance, before rate deregulation, adopts the system of rate regulation, which means all the motor insurance products are the same price and coverage from all insurance in Taiwan. Due to the change of Insurance Premium Rate system from rate regulation to rate deregulation on 1st April 2009, there is no more same price and coverage insurance product in Taiwan. Under the change of market environment, insurance companies’ top priority is to maintain the renewal rate and win new customers. The commodity of motor insurance is a kind of popular business and highly accepted by most of the car owners. Therefore, insurance company can provide instant claim service on traffic accident scene when a client is involved in an auto accident, which is the perfect time to make intangible product materialize. Adjuster from insurance company on accident scene can assist customers to reach settlement rapidly, which can advance customers’ satisfaction, establish their brand loyalty and further maintain the renewal rate. This research aims at using the concept of PZB model to explore the service quality on traffic accident scene and it shows service quality has something to do with customers’ satisfaction and loyalty and customers’ satisfaction also has something to do with customers’ loyalty. Customers’ evaluation to insurance company depends on adjusters’ professional knowledge and service quality. Therefore, the fact that whether the service evaluation by the insured on accident scene meets their expectations become a critical decision of renewal, which provide insurers the essential basis of strategy of differentiated service in the future. For this reason, I hope my research can provide F insurance company and non-life insurance industry with reference to the analysis of service quality on traffic accident scene.
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Nakaza, Edward Takeshi Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Assessment of injury risks associated with wearing the enhanced combat helmet and night vision goggle - driver: frontal vehicle collision study." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40484.
Full textAbstract:
The requirement to operate vehicles in low light and/or night environments whilst wearing night vision goggle (NVG) systems has become increasingly common during military operations. There is very limited research investigating injury risks associated with these systems during ground vehicle collisions. This study examined the injury risks associated with wearing the Australian Defence Force - Enhanced Combat Helmet (ECH) and NVG system, in frontal vehicle collisions. This project consisted of two components: (1) crash tests using a sled and (2) numerical simulations of impacts. Four dynamic sled tests were conducted using a 50th percentile, male, Hybrid III dummy positioned on a rigid seat. Frontal impact tests were performed at a 40 km/h change in velocity (*v) and 20 g deceleration. The test configurations were as follows: (a) Base; (no helmet or additional equipment); (b) ECH; and, (c) ECH and NVG. Condition (c) was carried out twice, to determine repeatability. The sled test protocols were reconstructed precisely with the numerical simulation package MADYMO and the simulations were shown to correlate well with the experimental results. Using this validated model, four parametric studies were undertaken to assess the influence of counterweights, seat cushion, seatbelt pre-tensioner, and the vehicle's *v and acceleration on injury risks. The study found that neck loads were within acceptable limits, with the exception of the neck extension moment, which was exceeded for all NVG conditions. Based on the parametric studies, no major improvements were observed in the neck extension moments with the use of counterweights or a seat cushion. In contrast the use of a seatbelt pre-tensioner was observed to decrease greatly this neck injury risk in certain scenarios. The study also identified that a *v of 15 km/h and peak acceleration of up to 14 g were required to keep the neck extension moment below the prescribed injury criteria. However, the high neck extension moment values may have been partially attributable to the stiff Hybrid III neck. This study identified a possible injury mechanism for soldiers using the ECH and NVG system during specific impact scenarios. The method applied in this project was designed to be repeatable.
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ŠUPLER, Josef. "Vliv alkoholu na dopravní nehodovost v Jihočeském kraji v komparaci let 2008 až 2012." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-173129.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis Influence of alcohol on road traffic accident rate in the South Bohemian Region by comparison of the years 2008 2012 is aimed at comparing the influence of alcohol on road traffic accidents in the districts of the South Bohemian Region in the period 2008 2012 as well as outlining the effects of road traffic accidents due to alcohol with regard to partial circumstances of particular accidents (according to accident type, accident effects, age of the perpetrators of accidents) in the years 2008 2012. The comparison was based on police statistics of road traffic accident rates of the Regional Police Headquarters for the South Bohemian Region, the Road Traffic Inspectorate in České Budějovice. The thesis attempted to perform a survey of the problems related to accidents caused by driving under the influence of alcohol. The theoretical part deals with two spheres connected with alcohol-related road traffic accidents. The practical part focuses on the effects of the accidents which happened in the South Bohemian Region in the years 2008 2012, and on the effects of accidents caused due to alcohol in the South Bohemian Region in the years 2008 2012.
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Chang, Chun-Tsung, and 張雋宗. "Chemical Tank Truck Traffic Accidents Investigation Technique." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pxf6fu.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院產業安全與防災學程
106
So far there are no systematic investigation methods for accident investigation regarding chemical tank truck traffic accidents. This study utilizes a systematic accident investigation method to develop a survey method for traffic accidents involving chemical tankers. This study divides accident investigation procedure into four steps: organizing the investigation team, evidence collection, accident cause analysis, and improvement suggestions. The key part of the on-site evidence collection is based on the 4Ps evidence collection model proposed by the US OHSA that combined with the accident site survey method mentioned in the current domestic road traffic accident handling regulations. This results in a revised form for assisting in on-site chemical tank truck traffic accident investigation. For the accident cause analysis part, we adapt the accident cause analysis model used by BP and incorporate the causes of road traffic accident investigation report along with researcher's experience in the emergency response work of chemical disasters. Accident investigators can use this revised cause analysis table to match the evidence on the spot to find out the all possible root causes effectively. The proposed method is verified by two historical chemical tank truck accidents and results show that the proposed method has a certain degree of feasibility and is easier for implementation. However, the identified causes of the accident summarized by the proposed method are a list of the possible root causes. It is necessary to understand the actual implementation status of the company policy and management to determine the actual causes of the accident.
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CHEN, GAO-CUN, and 陳高村. "A study on investigation procedure and expert investigation system for road traffic-accidents." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76657193272206998926.
Full text
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Moreosele, Monamodi Andrew. "An investigation into the impact of road traffic collission in Mafikeng / Monamodi Andrew Moreosele." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15793.
Full textAbstract:
This was an investigation into the impact of road traffic collisions in Mafikeng.
The study revealed that community members in Mafikeng were aware of the fact
that road traffic collisions had a number of impacts on the lives of the public in
Mafikeng. These included loss of human life, damage to vehicles, medical costs,
travel delays, insurance costs and effects on dependants. Various types of
vehicles were involved in these collisions. The respondent community members
had the view that the quality of the road in the Mafikeng Local Municipality was
the main contributor to road traffic collisions. This was attributed to pot holes on
the roads. They were all in favour of introducing Road safety Programmes in the
municipality. The study recommends the following:
• Accident Report forms should be printed with serial codes in order to
create a database of all traffic collision accidents in the local municipality.
Currently there are no accurate data.
• The use of ICT techniques and facilities should be increased in order to
improve efficiency and effectiveness of data capturing and preservation.
• There must be uniformity in the soft ware used to capture and preserve
data collected.
• Road Safety awareness should be introduced in the school system at all
levels to build a culture of road safety among the public.
• The government programme of Arrive Alive Campaign should not be
promoted only during festive season. It must be a campaign conducted
throughout the year.Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2010
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Chen, Yu-Zhen, and 陳于真. "Investigating the Relationship between Urban Regional Development and Road Traffic Accidents." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tmzz53.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
106
Population, population density and regional development level are the factors contributing to crash frequency and severity. In this paper, regression analysis, multi-level regression and growth model analysis were developed to model the crash data from 19 cities in Taiwan over 4 years. The relationship between regional development and traffic crashes were evaluated. The results indicate that population, population density, immigrant population, road area, population concentration are significant factors to crash frequency. Population, population density, road area, and population concentration are positively related to crash frequency. Immigrant population is negatively related to crash frequency. The results for fatal traffic accident reveal that Population, the proportion of males, the number of violations per trip, the proportion of young people, hospital concentration and the number of ambulance are significant. Population, the proportion of males, the number of violations per trip, the proportion of young people, and the hospital concentration are positively related to fatal traffic accident. The number of ambulance is negatively related to fatal traffic accident. The estimation results of multi-level regression analysis show that when population, population density, immigrant population, road area and population concentration are under control, the number of traffic accidents in New Taipei City are fewer than other cities in Taiwan. The number of traffic accidents in Taipei and Hsinchu are higher than other cities in Taiwan. In addition, the population change in Tainan has less impact on traffic accidents than other cities. The population change in Kaohsiung City and Hualien County has greater impact on traffic accidents than in other cities. The estimation result of multi-level regression for the number of fatal traffic accidents show that when population, population density, the number of hospitals, the proportion of young people, the concentration of ambulances, the population concentration, and the immigrant population are under control, the number of fatal traffic accidents in Pingtung County are fewer than other cities. The numbers of fatal traffic accidents in Taoyuan are more than other cities. Besides, the population change in Tainan has less impact on the fatal traffic accidents than other cities. The population change in Pingtung has greater impact on the fatal traffic accidents than in other cities. The results of growth model suggest that the annual change of traffic accidents in urban areas in Taiwan has increased year after year, and the annual change of fatal traffic accidents has decreased year after year.
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STANĚK, Petr. "Analýza příčin a důsledků dopravních nehod v silniční nákladní přepravě." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136120.
Full textAbstract:
This work describes general view of a traffic accident in order to introdukce non-specific features of traffic accidents. The objective of this work is deeper understanding of this issue, of the difference between the need for improving the participants skills and the repressive measures introduced in the attempt to guarantee the observance of fundamental legal standards.
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Wu, Kuang-Sheng, and 吳光昇. "A SATISFACTION SURVEY AND EXAMINATION ON THE INVESTIGATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AND ITS OPERATION SYSTEM." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45994055313434508806.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
87
In the past decade, the number of road traffic accidents per year in Taiwan averaged at 3,000, however, the annual number of cases appealed to investigation was about 11,000, three times of accidents occurred per year. The annual number of cases appealed to reinvestigation was about 2,000, about one fifth of the total investigation cases. It implies that there may exist inappropriate process in the investigation operation system. In order to improve the quality of investigation, finding out the problems seems quite pressing. The purpose of this study is to conduct a satisfaction survey on the investigation for road traffic accidents, and to collect reasons for unsatisfaction as a guide for proposing countermeasures. Five-point Likert scale and classical weighted average method are used to calculate the satisfaction scores. Cross analysis and factor analysis are performed to better understand the insight of the investigation operation system. The results indicate that people have the lowest satisfaction scores in three items, including ''the pictures at scene'', ''the contents and the tempo of the report'', and ''people adequately expressing the details of the case''; investigators have the lowest satisfaction scores in three items, including ''people fairly explaining the details of the case'', ''the investigation tables'', and ''the pictures at scene''. Three major issues including ''police treating the accident at scene '', ''the investigation system operation'', and ''the performance of investigation meeting'' are identified through factor analysis, the countermeasures of these major issues are proposed.
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Li, CHIEN FENG, and 李建鋒. "Study on Distribution of Responsibility for Vehicle Traffic Accidents- discusses the negligence discussion system and the investigation review process." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vxbvq6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
科技法律研究所
107
With the development of the times and the improvement of gross national income, the quantity of domestic motor vehicles has been increasing year after year. However, due to the narrow land and numerous vehicles in the country, plus the long-termed road drivers disregard the safety of driving, the spirit of law-abiding and the concept of courtesy are weak. Furthermore, the traffic facilities of the road authorities are not yet in perfection, resulting in frequent road traffic accidents, which is subsequently followed by disputes between both parties involved in the case of accidents. After a traffic accident happened, it often relies on the investigation to judge the responsibility of the parties involved in the case of the traffic accident. It can be seen that the investigation affects the parties greatly, and in order to ensure and maintain the fairness and justice between the parties, it is necessary to have a good quality of investigation. Therefore, the establishment of a comprehensive investigation system for driving accidents and the investigation criteria are the primary tasks for ensuring the quality of investigation, and also is the prerequisite for maintaining professionalism and fairness. Therefore, the traffic accident responsibility for both parties, and the trial of the judiciary, and the feedback for the future traffic safety improvement are of significance. The problems frequently encountered in the current rules of practice in vehicle accident investigation is that the opinions regarding the same or similar cases are different between the traffic accidents investigation committee and reconsideration committee in different regions. While conducting the investigation, it did not consider that the possibility of the perpetrators have the chance to prevent the accidents from happening. The conclusion of the investigation opinion lack of the casual argumentation, the responsibility of the liability of the accident belongs to, and the unclear basis of the investigation opinion, etc., it is likely for citizens to get confused and it is not conductive to assisting the judiciary in judging. In view of the issues frequently emerged in the current rules of practice regarding vehicle accidents investigation, in order to improve the consistency of the investigation results of each investigation unit, and improve the quality of the investigation, clarifying the theoretical basis and strengthen the causal argumentation, this study is based on the operational rules for traffic accident investigation, traffic regulations, civil and criminal law. And with reference to the relevant documents , the vehicle accident investigation is summarized into three key items: 1. Accident reconstruction. 2. Judgment negligence. 3. Weigh the degree of negligence. Based on this, the thesis discusses the negligence discussion system and the investigation review process, establishes the thinking principle and operation mode, to strengthen the causal argumentation theory, and serves as a reference for investigator or judicial personnel to review vehicle accident cases.