Relevant bibliographies by topics / Traditional laws

Academic literature on the topic 'Traditional laws'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Traditional laws"

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Prins, Harald E. L., Robert M. Leavitt, and David A. Francis. "Wapapi Akonutomakonol. The Wampum Records: Wabanaki Traditional Laws." American Indian Quarterly 18, no. 1 (1994): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185746.

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Phochanthilath, Champathong. "Women’s Rights in Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge Protection in Lao pdr." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 16, no. 1-2 (October 6, 2015): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01601002.

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Lao People’s Democratic Republic is a multicultural country within the Association of South East Asian Nations. It recently adopted the Intellectual Property Law in the context of enhancing regional and global economic integration. The traditional handicraft textile sector is important in Laos. It is of benefit to the country’s economic development, as well as being recognized as an important element of both national culture and the identity of Lao women. However, Lao craftswomen are facing a strong challenge preserving their traditional knowledge due to the extremely cheap imitations of items such as scarves and Lao skirts, which are being sold in Laos. This article aims to discuss the existing international instruments and related national laws regarding intellectual property and protection of traditional knowledge with particular regard to women’s rights. Intellectual property and traditional knowledge issues attract more attention than intellectual property rights under the World Intellectual Property Organization regime; unesco, trips, cbd and human rights treaties, all to which Lao is a party, are also relevant. Nationally, Laos is still lacking adequate and appropriate means to protect rights of women as traditional knowledge holders in terms of national laws.
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Susanti, Diah Imaningrum, Rini Susrijani, and Raymundus I. Made Sudhiarsa. "Traditional Cultural Expressions and Intellectual Property Rights in Indonesia." Yuridika 35, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i2.15745.

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Protection of traditional culture and knowledge has been a concern in Indonesia. Efforts that have been made to legally protect Indonesian traditional expressions and knowledge usually involve intellectual property (IP) laws. However, the protection provided by IP laws may be inadequate for Indonesian traditional communities that care more about the survival and maintenance of their culture and knowledge than the legal exclusivity of their works. This study uses a normative legal approach with the perspective of hermeneutic circle to look at various studies and legal documents to find reasons why IP laws may not be entirely suitable for the Indonesian context and how an IP-based law can be designed to suit the actual needs of Indonesian traditional expression holders. The results obtained affirm that Indonesian traditional cultural expressions cannot be contained by laws that exclusively limit the usage of those expressions and thus a ‘sui generis’ law is needed to give a more appropriate protection.
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Sangris, Fred. "Renewing our traditional laws through joint ekwǫ (caribou) management." Rangifer 32, no. 2 (March 8, 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.32.2.2254.

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Mingo, AnneMarie. "Just Laws, Unjust Laws, and Theo-Moral Responsibility in Traditional and Contemporary Civil Rights Activism." Journal of Religious Ethics 46, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 683–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jore.12241.

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Tong, Lee-Ann. "Protecting Traditional Knowledge – Does Secrecy Offer a Solution." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 4 (June 19, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i4a2705.

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The shortcomings of using the intellectual property system to safeguard the interests of traditional knowledge holders have received considerable attention. Laws that guard against the disclosure of secret traditional knowledge to non-community members may offer a low-cost and accessible way for traditional communities to prevent the misappropriation of their traditional knowledge. This paper reviews the concerns that may arise when holders of traditional knowledge attempt to rely on claiming unfair competition and contract laws to protect their traditional knowledge.
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Nzunda, Matembo. "Criminal Law in Internal Conflict of Laws in Malaŵi." Journal of African Law 29, no. 2 (1985): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006641.

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Malaŵi has two sets of courts which run completely parallel to each other. One set forms the Judicial Branch of the Government and consists of magistrates’ courts (which have original civil and criminal jurisdiction only), the High Court (which has unlimited original and appellate civil and criminal jurisdiction) and the Supreme Court of Appeal (which has original criminal jurisdiction for contempt of court but otherwise has appellate civil and criminal jurisdiction). The Supreme Court of Appeal is a final appellate court in this set of courts. These courts are here called Received Courts because they apply the received (English) common law as the basic law.The other set of courts is a section of the Ministry of Justice (which is part of the Executive Branch of the Government). The set consists of Traditional Courts of Grades A and B, the Traditional Appeal Courts (which hear and determine appeals from Traditional Courts of Grades A and B), District Traditional Courts, Regional Traditional Courts and the National Traditional Appeal Court (which hears and determines appeals from Traditional Appeal Courts, District Traditional Courts and Regional Traditional Courts). The civil and criminal jurisdiction of Traditional Courts is set out in the warrant establishing the Court and is supplemented from time to time by published ministerial orders under the authority of the Traditional Courts Act (the 1962 Act). The National Traditional Appeal Court is a final appellate court in this set of courts.
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Pontsioen, Robert. "When heritage laws and environmental laws collide: Artisans, guilds and government support for traditional crafts in Tokyo." Craft Research 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre_00003_1.

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Abstract This article examines the legislative basis and operational effectiveness of the national and prefectural systems for designating and promoting traditional crafts in Tokyo. Traditional artisans participate in these systems primarily through their involvement in kumiai ('artisan guilds'), whose historical background and organizational structure are briefly summarized. To evaluate the usefulness of government support for contemporary craft practitioners, four broad and interrelated categories of kumiai activities are examined: promoting craft business, maintaining and enhancing craft skills and product quality, securing the future of craft traditions, and procuring craft materials. These goals are reflected in the frameworks of national and prefectural legislation that aims to support the efforts of kumiai. However, these goals and the resulting legislation have created a sustained discourse of tension palpably felt by many crafters themselves: the clash between laws designed to protect or promote 'traditional' crafts and other laws that aim to safeguard ecology or animal welfare. Examination of this tension as it is understood and discussed by artisans themselves reveals that, although the positive impact of traditional craft designation systems is widely recognized, it is also perceived that incompatible environmental protection laws can negatively affect their business and threaten the long-term sustainability of craft traditions.
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ANTONS, CHRISTOPH. "Asian Borderlands and the Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 4 (February 1, 2013): 1403–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000443.

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AbstractTraditional knowledge related to biodiversity, agriculture, medicine and artistic expressions has recently attracted much interest amongst policy makers, legal academics and social scientists. Several United Nations organizations, such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity under the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), have been working on international models for the protection of such knowledge held by local and indigenous communities. Relevant national, regional or provincial level legislation comes in the form of intellectual property laws and laws related to health, heritage or environmental protection. In practice, however, it has proven difficult to agree on definitions of the subject matter, to delineate local communities and territories holding the knowledge, and to clearly identify the subjects and beneficiaries of the protection. In fact, claims to ‘cultural property’ and heritage have led to conflicts and tensions between communities, regions and nations. This paper will use Southeast Asian examples and case studies to show the importance of concepts such as Zomia, ‘regions of refuge’ and mandala as well as ‘borderlands’ studies to avoid essentialized notions of communities and cultures in order to develop a nuanced understanding of the difficulties for national and international lawmaking in this field. It will also develop a few suggestions on how conflicts and tensions could be avoided or ameliorated.
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Ni, JL. "Laws of compound traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of dysmenorrhea." Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2008): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20080803.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traditional laws"

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Shmueli, Merav. "State intervention in traditional family laws discriminating against women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54068.pdf.

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Chen, Yifu, and 陈一孚. "The compatibility of patent law and traditional Chinese medicine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533964.

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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a medical system with a unique medical philosophy that continues to guide the contemporary turning out of new pharmaceutical formulae. The clinically-proved effective components of these formulae are being extracted by means of modern technology. Natural Chinese medicines account for approximately 30% of the global sales volume of all medicines, and the international market-size of the TCM industry is increasing rapidly. The TCM industry depends on the patent protection of the results of its R&D no less than does any other industry. However, the patent examination guidelines of many important jurisdictions are hostile to the granting of patents to TCM products and processes. This is partly attributable to the vast differences between the philosophies of TCM and Western medicine, and to the imperfect understanding in many jurisdictions (particularly where Western Medicine is dominant) of the former. To this considerable degree, patent law fails to accommodate the TCM industry. Consequently, the TCM inventor will be left open to the depredations of the ‘free-rider’ phenomenon, the circumstance in which the inventor loses the benefits of his invention, and his investment in it, to a purloiner. The research examines the compatibilities between patent law and TCM, and argues that patent policy shall be adjusted to better accommodate the characteristics of TCM. Other forms of IPR protection are also discussed in comparison with patent with the purpose of illustrating the significance of patent in protecting TCM inventions.
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Doctor of Philosophy
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Vetter, Henning. "International and selected national law on bioprospecting and the protection of traditional knowledge." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1427_1183465033.

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This thesis discussed the subjects of bioprospecting and the protection of traditional knowledge. At first the international approach to the subjects was elaborately discussed. The focus was on the respective provisions of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the related Bonn Guidelines, stressing the matter of access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. Enclosed in this discussion was the examination of different legislatory approaches to tackle the subject with an emphasis on national intellectual property rights laws and the role and potential merit of national registers of and databases for specific traditional knowledge. The way national legislators have implemented the concerned obligations of the convention, and their peculiarities as for example the restriction of scope of law to indigenous biological resources, was exemplified with the respective Bolivian, South African as well as Indian laws.

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Hugh, Brian Ashwell. "Traditional leadership in South Africa: a critical evaluation of the constitutional recognition of customary law and traditional leadership." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The main objectives of this study were to identify the role that customary law and traditional leadership can play, without compromising their current positions or future recognition through legislation, in creating a better life for their constituents. The study analysed diverse issues such as legislative reform, the future role and functions of traditional leaders, training needs of traditional leaders, and the impact of a possible lack of commitment by national and provincial government on the training of traditional leaders to fulfill their functions within the ambit of the Constitution.
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麥栢文. "國際傳統醫藥政策法規的歷史回顧." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1349.

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Mutema, Angela N. "The interface between customary laws of succession in the traditional justice system and the formal justice system in." UWC, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7367.

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Doctor Legum - LLD
Traditional justice systems (TJS), which apply African customary law (ACL), play a significant role in the regulation of various cultural, social, and economic spheres of individual lives in society. It is estimated that 90% of African countries use TJS in dispute resolution. Succession matters form one of the areas in which TJS are applied. In Kenya, it is estimated that the majority of succession matters are addressed through TJS given that only 36% of cases are taken to the formal justice system (FJS) for determination. This indicates the presence of legal pluralism where formal law co-exists with African customary law. However, the application of customary succession laws and their enforcement by the FJS encounter impediments which curtail the integration of ACL within the FJS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the interface between African customary laws of succession in the TJS and the FJS. In order to achieve this objective the study applies the Historical School of Jurisprudence as its theoretical framework and applies document analysis as the research methodology. The major findings of the study indicated that though progressive recognition, application and enforcement of ACL in Kenya has been realised, there are several impediments to the integration and enforcement of customary succession decisions within the FJS. These include non-complimentary legal provisions, lack of in-depth knowledge on ACL by the FJS, and more importantly, lack of a policy guideline on the integration of ACL within the FJS. Based on these findings, this study finds it necessary to develop a guideline that will enhance the integration and enforcement of customary succession decisions by the FJS.
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Bloxham, Rebecca Ann. "Pattern language : a comparative study of the visual representations of natural laws by traditional cultures and contemporary science and mathematics." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600822.

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Ntwasa, Bayanda. "Traditional leadership and the use of cultural laws in land administration: implications for rural women's land rights in a transforming South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/134.

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This dissertation critically examines how traditional leaders use cultural laws to allocate land to women and to allow women to participate in land administration in communal areas. Given the government's commitment to gender equity in all spheres of life as stipulated in Section 9 (3) of the South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996), the dissertation examines whether related legislation and policy (such as CLARA and TLGFA) alone can guarantee equitable access to land for women and their participation in land administration structures in communal areas where patriarchy dominates. In essence, the study interrogates whether state intervention through formalizing laws that govern land matters do achieve gender equity while cultural laws still exist in communal areas. Based on the view that land in communal areas is held by the state and administered by traditional leaders who have historically discriminated against women, the dissertation employs a case study method to examine whether cultural laws are exercised when women apply for a piece of land at the three levels of traditional authority viz: village, sub-village and traditional council levels in the Matolweni village of the Nqadu Tribal Authority. Although women are often the de facto rights holders in rural areas as a result of male migration to urban areas, findings seem to indicate that it is difficult and/or sometimes impossible to translate paper laws into practice while cultural laws are still operating. For effective transformation to occur, the study recommends that unless a strong women's rural movement emerges, coupled with a socialist feminist position that advocates for a radical transformation of rural society to defeat the patriarchal norms and standards, traditional leaders will continue to discriminate against women in land issues.
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Puckett, Robert Fleming. "The strange case of the landed poor : land reform laws, traditional San culture, and the continued poverty of South Africa's ‡Khomani people." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebaac8e4-d4be-462c-a035-f128101f9cbc.

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The ‡Khomani San people received lands in 1999 under the ‘restitution’ arm of South Africa’s land reform programme. Restitution laws, contained in the Restitution of Land Rights Act and the Communal Property Associations (‘CPA’) Act, seek not only to return lands to peoples dispossessed after 1913, but also to inculcate the ideals of South Africa’s dominant agro-pastoral-based society into defined, cohesive land-recipient ‘communities’. These ideals include centralised, hierarchical, representative, democratic leadership and decision-making structures that the West takes for granted. However, these concepts of control are not typically found among foraging or post-foraging peoples, who tend to base their societies on decentralised, small-group, egalitarian social structures that strongly oppose hierarchies, representation, or accumulation. Such social organisation remains intact even after these groups become settled or adopt non-hunting-and-gathering livelihoods, and today’s ‡Khomani self-identify as San, ‘Bushmen’, hunters, and indigenous people, despite their settlement and their adoption of varied livelihood strategies, including stock-farming. Among such groups, externally imposed governance structures tend to be viewed as illegitimate, and instead of the cohesion and order these centrally legislated structures seek to create, they instead engender dissent, conflict, and non-compliance. The ‡Khomani, as both a formerly scattered group of apartheid-era labourers and a cultural group of San people, have struggled with little success to plan and implement ‘development’, infrastructure, and livelihood projects on their lands and have ‘failed’ to operate the Restitution and CPA Acts’ required ‘community’ land-ownership and decision-making structures successfully. Thus, restitution has failed to bring the socio-economic improvements that the new ‡Khomani lands seemed to promise. Since 2008, however, the government has temporarily taken governance and approval authority from the ‡Khomani, which has led to the creation of smaller, behind-the-scenes governing bodies, as the ‡Khomani have begun taking the reins of power in their own ways. Such bodies, including the ‡Khomani Farmers’ Association and the Bushman Raad, have begun achieving some successes on the ‡Khomani farms in part, it is argued, because they allow the ‡Khomani to reproduce the focused, non-hierarchical, small-group structures that are more suitable to them as a non-cohesive group and more culturally appropriate to them as San people. The South African government, with appropriate protections for abuse of power, should provide the space within land reform laws to allow land-recipient groups to make decisions, govern themselves, and manage their lands according to their own community realities and their own conceptions of leadership and social organisation.
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Afari-Twumasi, Lucy. "Traditional and cultural practices and the rights of women : a study of widowhood practices among the Akans in Ghana." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2844.

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The study investigates the human rights violations that underlie widowhood practices in Cape Coast and Komenda in the Central Region of Ghana. Review of the relevant literature on widowhood practices suggests that widowhood practices are a global cultural phenomenon, which is not confined to Sub-Sahara Africa. A survey of relevant studies on the phenomenon suggests that there are two competing perceptions on African widowhood practices: (1) a dominant negative perspective and (2) a minor positive perspective. The dominant negative perspective, which receives overwhelming research attention, focuses only on the negative characteristics of widowhood while the minor positive perspective which receives scanty research attention, rejects the criticisms levelled against widowhood practices as being externally influenced by Christianity and Western Feminism. Various stakeholders within the Akan community were given an opportunity to retell their own versions of widowhood practices. In order to achieve this purpose, the research extracted competing narratives from all the multiple sample subgroups of the proposed study: widows; widow family heads; chiefs; widowhood ritual practitioners; elderly female supervisors of widowhood practices; an official from the Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ); an official from the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MOWAC); and an official from the Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit (DOVVSU) of Ghana. The study found out that despite legislative intervention and policy frameworks, the practice still persist among the Akan communities in Ghana. The reasons for the continued existence of such rituals are explained followed by recommendations for possible solutions.
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Books on the topic "Traditional laws"

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Anderson, Stuart. Licences: Traditional laws revived?. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1985.

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International, Minority Rights Group, ed. Traditional customary laws and indigenous peoples in Asia. London: Minority Rights Group International, 2005.

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Mitchell, Lewis. Wapapi Akonutomakonol: The Wampum records : Wabanaki traditional laws. Fredericton, N.B: Micmac-Maliseet Institute, University of New Brunswick, 1990.

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1944-, Leavitt Robert, Francis David A, Speck Frank Gouldsmith 1881-1950, Walker Willard, and Micmac-Maliseet Institute, eds. Wapapi akonutomakonol =: The Wampum records : Wabanaki traditional laws. Fredericton: Micmac-Maliseet Institute, University of New Brunswick, 1990.

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Mitchell, Lewis. Wapapi Akonutomakonol: The Wampum records : Wabanaki traditional laws. Fredericton, N.B: University of New Brunswick, Micmac-Maliseet Institute, 1989.

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Mate, S. Haukhanlian. Traditional administrative system and customary laws of the Thangkhals. Delhi: Akansha Pub. House, 2014.

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B, Mitchell Barbara. Acupuncture and oriental medicine laws. 2nd ed. Gig Harbor, Wash: National Acupuncture Foundation, 2001.

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Mitchell, Barbara B. Acupuncture and oriental medicine laws. Washington, D.C: National Acupuncture Foundation, 1997.

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B, Mitchell Barbara. Acupuncture and oriental medicine laws. Washington, D.C: National Acupuncture Foundation, 1995.

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Impact of Islamic penal laws on the traditional Arab society. New Delhi: MD Publications, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traditional laws"

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Gallagher, Jamie, and Aideen McKevitt. "Laws and Regulations of Traditional Foods: Past, Present and Future." In Traditional Foods, 239–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24620-4_9.

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Gogol, Ivan V., Olga A. Remizova, Vladislav V. Syrokvashin, and Aleksandr L. Fokin. "Robust Control System Based on Traditional PID Control Laws." In Cyber-Physical Systems: Industry 4.0 Challenges, 149–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32648-7_12.

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Boiteux, Luciana, Luciana Peluzio Chernicharo, and Camila Souza Alves. "Human Rights and Drug Conventions: Searching for Humanitarian Reason in Drug Laws." In Prohibition, Religious Freedom, and Human Rights: Regulating Traditional Drug Use, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40957-8_1.

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Rombach, Dieter. "Empirical Software Engineering Models: Can They Become the Equivalent of Physical Laws in Traditional Engineering?" In Perspectives on the Future of Software Engineering, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37395-4_1.

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Faloutsos, Christos. "Next Generation Data Mining Tools: Power Laws and Self-similarity for Graphs, Streams and Traditional Data." In Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD 2003, 10–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39804-2_3.

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Faloutsos, Christos. "Next Generation Data Mining Tools: Power Laws and Self-similarity for Graphs, Streams and Traditional Data." In Machine Learning: ECML 2003, 10–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39857-8_3.

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Grote, Rainer. "Between Crime Prevention and the Laws of War: Are the Traditional Categories of International Law Adequate for Assessing the Use of Force against International Terrorism?" In Terrorism as a Challenge for National and International Law: Security versus Liberty?, 951–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18896-1_31.

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Jany, Janos. "Exclusive Customary Laws." In Legal Traditions in Asia, 399–415. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43728-2_13.

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Jany, Janos. "Concurrent Customary Laws." In Legal Traditions in Asia, 417–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43728-2_14.

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Ravitch, Frank S. "Tradition’s Edge: Interactions Between Religious Tradition and Sexual Freedom." In Law, Religion and Tradition, 71–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96749-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Traditional laws"

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Kolesnikov, Anatoly A., and Andrew A. Kuzmenko. "Synergetic Approach to Traditional Control Laws Multi-Machine Power System Modification." In Selected Papers from the 2nd Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference (CHAOS2009). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814299725_0017.

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Suwitra, I. Made, I. Wayan Astara, I. Ketut Wijaya, and I. Wayan Arthanaya. "Strengthening Balinese Customary Laws through Awig-Awig Writing in Pekutatan Negara Traditional Village." In Proceedings of the First International Seminar Social Science, Humanities and Education, ISSHE 2020, 25 November 2020, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-11-2020.2306661.

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Bykau, Aliaksei Aleksandrovich, and Natali Aleksandrovna Haustovich. "Business models of the digital economy." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-14.

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The paper shows that the digital economy operates in accordance with fundamentally new laws that differ from the traditional laws of a market economy. The main goal of digital companies and start-ups is not to maximize profits and capitalization, but to achieve stakeholder benefits by ousting competitors from traditional markets.
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Ismail, Suzi Fadhilah, Mahyuddin Daud, Juriah Abd Jalil, Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi, and Sahida Safuan. "Protecting Consumers from Misleading Online Advertisement for Herbal and Traditional Medicines in Malaysia: Are the Laws Sufficient?" In 2018 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citsm.2018.8674372.

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Day, Steven W., Phillip P. Lemire, Ronald D. Flack, and James C. McDaniel. "Effect of Reynolds Number on Performance of a Small Centrifugal Pump." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45686.

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A study of a small centrifugal blood pump has been made to address the effectiveness of traditional pump affinity laws and the influence that viscous effects, as characterized by the Reynolds number, have on the pump performance. This was investigated both experimentally and numerically on models of a small implantable centrifugal blood pump, which has an impeller diameter of 46 mm with a log spiral volute. In the experiments, the Head-Flow curves were determined for speeds between 500 and 3000 rpm and for two different viscosity fluids. It was found that lower Reynolds number flows did not adhere to conventional pump affinity laws, whereas higher Reynolds number flows scale very effectively according to pump affinity laws. The numerical study consisted of comparing the generated head and internal flow field of the pump scaled based on traditional affinity laws with and without consideration of the Reynolds number. Like the experimental results, the numerical simulations indicate that consideration of the Reynolds number is necessary to insure accurate scaling in this small pump.
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Liut, Daniel A., Enrique E. Matheu, Dean T. Mook, and Mahendra P. Singh. "An Overview of Some Non-Traditional Neural-Network Training Strategies for Seismic-Response Suppression of Building Structures." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8383.

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Abstract Two novel methods to generate efficient control laws for neural-network controllers used to reduce the response of buildings under seismic-induced ground excitations are discussed. The training schemes do not rely on the emulation of the structure to be controlled. The proposed controller has a feedback structure, utilizing a limited set of response quantities. A shear building actuated at its top by a tuned-mass damper is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller. The building model includes hysteretic characteristics. For training purposes, an ensemble of synthetically generated ground-motion time histories, with appropriate site spectrum characteristics, have been used. The performance of the trained controller is then evaluated for three different historic ground-acceleration records that do not belong to the training set of time histories. The numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme with modest control requirements.
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Tharayil, Marina, and Andrew Alleyne. "Design and Convergence of a Time-Varying Iterative Learning Control Law." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61558.

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This paper presents a novel linear time-varying (LTV) iterative learning control law that can provide additional performance while maintaining the robustness and convergence properties comparable to those obtained using traditional frequency domain design techniques. Design aspects of causal and non-causal linear time-invariant (LTI), along with the proposed LTV, ILC update laws are discussed and demonstrated using a simplified example. Asymptotic as well as monotonic convergence, robustness and performance characteristics of such systems are considered, and an equivalent condition to the frequency domain convergence condition is presented for the time-varying ILC. Lastly the ILC algorithm developed here is implemented on a Microscale Robotic Deposition system to provide experimental verification.
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Ying, Qiyu, Weilin Zhuge, Yangjun Zhang, Panpan Song, and Lei Zhang. "Study of the Similarity Laws for Supercritical CO2 Turbine Performance Testing Using High Pressurized Air." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83181.

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Closed regenerative Brayton cycle utilizing supercritical CO2 as working fluid has attracted more concern recently as it offers high cycle thermal efficiency and decreases size of turbomachinery. The performance testing of the CO2 turbine is very important for the supercritical CO2 cycle development. However, testing the turbine performance in a closed supercritical CO2 cycle is of difficulty and complication. This paper proposes a novel experimental method on CO2 turbine testing using high pressurized air as surrogate fluid. The performance similarity laws for the experimental method are studied, because traditional similarity criteria are not applicable since supercritical CO2 and high pressurized air are both non-ideal gases. A CO2 turbine is simulated by the CFD method under similar operating conditions with CO2 and high pressurized air, and turbine performance and flow field is analyzed. CFD analysis results show that turbine’s overall performance matches up well, and difference of parameter in flow field is small. The proposed experimental method can be used for CO2 turbine performance testing without setting up the complex closed supercritical CO2 cycle test bench.
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Brand, Ziv, Nadav Berman, and Guy Rodnay. "Design and Simulation of Low Order Control Laws for High Order Thermal Models." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59215.

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A method for designing small scale control laws for large scale thermal systems is proposed. For high order models, traditional control theory produces high order control laws, which are impractical to implement. Here, Balanced Truncation is used to reduce the order of the model, while preserving as much as possible the dynamical properties that are important for controller design. Then, a low order controller is designed by applying a standard linear quadratic optimal control design procedure on the reduced model. The small scale controller performance is tested by incorporating it in a simulation with the full scale model. A geometric approach is used, in order to propose that the norms that are defined on the input and output spaces of the system should be the same in the model reduction phase and in the optimal controller design phase. This way, the cost function of the optimal controller is taken into account during the model reduction phase. A reduced order observer which allows real time estimation of process values that cannot be directly measured can be easily designed. The input signals that are computed during closed loop simulation can be also used in real time open loop operation. Hence, the work has a pure computational aspect: calculate the heat fluxes that are required in order to track a temperature profile that is given for a set of output points. Integrating standard computational methods with standard control theory via the Balanced Truncation algorithm is proved to be a powerful tool.
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Li, Perry Y., and Meng Wang. "Passivity Based Nonlinear Control of Hydraulic Actuators Based on an Euler-Lagrange Formulation." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6197.

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A passivity framework for hydraulic actuators is developed by consideration of the compressibility energy function for a fluid with a pressure dependent bulk modulus. The typical actuator’s mechanical and pressure dynamic model is shown to be the Euler-Lagrange equations for this energy function. A passivity property for the actuator is exhibited in which the hydraulic supply rate contains the compressibility energy, instead of just being P · Q. A storage function for the pressure error is then proposed based on the physical compressibility energy and the pressure error dynamics is shown to be a passive two-port subsystem. Control laws are derived using the storage function. A case study is presented to compare the new passivity based approach and the traditional backstepping approach for a trajectory tracking application. In this example, the proposed approach is less sensitive to velocity measurement error and requires lower feedback gains than the traditional approach.
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Reports on the topic "Traditional laws"

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Pesko, Michael, and Janet Currie. E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sale Age Laws and Traditional Cigarette Use among Rural Pregnant Teenagers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22792.

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Perdigão, Rui A. P., and Julia Hall. Spatiotemporal Causality and Predictability Beyond Recurrence Collapse in Complex Coevolutionary Systems. Meteoceanics, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/201111.

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Causality and Predictability of Complex Systems pose fundamental challenges even under well-defined structural stochastic-dynamic conditions where the laws of motion and system symmetries are known. However, the edifice of complexity can be profoundly transformed by structural-functional coevolution and non-recurrent elusive mechanisms changing the very same invariants of motion that had been taken for granted. This leads to recurrence collapse and memory loss, precluding the ability of traditional stochastic-dynamic and information-theoretic metrics to provide reliable information about the non-recurrent emergence of fundamental new properties absent from the a priori kinematic geometric and statistical features. Unveiling causal mechanisms and eliciting system dynamic predictability under such challenging conditions is not only a fundamental problem in mathematical and statistical physics, but also one of critical importance to dynamic modelling, risk assessment and decision support e.g. regarding non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events. In order to address these challenges, generalized metrics in non-ergodic information physics are hereby introduced for unveiling elusive dynamics, causality and predictability of complex dynamical systems undergoing far-from-equilibrium structural-functional coevolution. With these methodological developments at hand, hidden dynamic information is hereby brought out and explicitly quantified even beyond post-critical regime collapse, long after statistical information is lost. The added causal insights and operational predictive value are further highlighted by evaluating the new information metrics among statistically independent variables, where traditional techniques therefore find no information links. Notwithstanding the factorability of the distributions associated to the aforementioned independent variables, synergistic and redundant information are found to emerge from microphysical, event-scale codependencies in far-from-equilibrium nonlinear statistical mechanics. The findings are illustrated to shed light onto fundamental causal mechanisms and unveil elusive dynamic predictability of non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events across multiscale hydro-climatic problems.
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Poelina, Anne, J. Alexander, N. Samnakay, and I. Perdrisat. A Conservation and Management Plan for the National Heritage Listed Fitzroy River Catchment Estate (No. 1). Edited by A. Hayes and K. S. Taylor. Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council; Nulungu Research Institute, The University of Notre Dame Australia., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/nrp/2020.4.

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The Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council (Martuwarra Council) has prepared this document to engage widely and to articulate its ambitions and obligations to First Law, customary law and their guardianship authority and fiduciary duty to protect the Martuwarra’s natural and cultural heritage. This document outlines a strategic approach to Heritage Conservation and Management Planning, communicating to a wide audience, the planning principles, key initiatives, and aspirations of the Martuwarra Traditional Owners to protect their culture, identity and deep connection to living waters and land. Finer granularity of action items required to give effect to this Conservation and Management Plan for the National Heritage Listed Fitzroy River Catchment Estate are outlined in section 7 and which will be more fully explored by the Martuwarra Council in the coming months and years.
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Galeano-Ramírez, Franky Juliano, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez, and Margaret Guerrero. Nowcasting Colombian Economic Activity: DFM and Factor-MIDAS approaches. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1168.

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Economic policy decision-making requires constantly assessing the state of economic activity. However, this is not an easy task: official figures have significant lags, and the timely information is usually partial and has different frequencies. This paper applies two types of short-term forecasting methodologies (Factor-MIDAS and DFM) for Colombian economic activity involving information with mixed frequencies. We present a heuristic process to select relevant variables, and we evaluate the proposed models' fits by comparing them with traditional forecasting methodologies. Overall, DFM and Factor-MIDAS forecasts are better than those generated by conventional methodologies, especially as the flow of information increases. In times of COVID-19, the model with the best relative fit was the DFM.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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Child marriage briefing: Mozambique. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1003.

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This brief provides an overview of child marriage as well as the particulars of child marriage in Mozambique. Mozambique, in southeastern Africa, is home to 17.5 million people, with 45 percent of its population under age 15. More than three-quarters of Mozambicans live on less than US$2 a day. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a devastating effect on the country; approximately 1.3 million adults and children are living with HIV, and 470,000 children have been orphaned because of AIDS. Life expectancy has fallen to 34 years, among the lowest levels in the world. Mozambique has one of the most severe crises of child marriage in the world today. Several local women’s rights groups have begun speaking out about this issue and were instrumental in ensuring the passage of the recent Family Law, which raises the minimum age of marriage for girls from 14 to 18, allows women to inherit property in the case of divorce, and legally recognizes traditional marriages. However, little capacity exists to implement the law. Included in this brief are recommendations to promote later, chosen, and legal marriage.
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