Academic literature on the topic 'Traditional control mode'
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Journal articles on the topic "Traditional control mode"
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Vázquez, Nimrod, Yuz Azaf, Ilse Cervantes, Eslí Vázquez, and Claudia Hernández. "Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Sliding Mode Control." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/380684.
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Solar panels, which have become a good choice, are used to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. This generated power starts with the solar cells, which have a complex relationship between solar irradiation, temperature, and output power. For this reason a tracking of the maximum power point is required. Traditionally, this has been made by considering just current and voltage conditions at the photovoltaic panel; however, temperature also influences the process. In this paper the voltage, current, and temperature in the PV system are considered to be a part of a sliding surface for the proposed maximum power point tracking; this means a sliding mode controller is applied. Obtained results gave a good dynamic response, as a difference from traditional schemes, which are only based on computational algorithms. A traditional algorithm based on MPPT was added in order to assure a low steady state error.
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Hawkins, Nicholas, Bhagyashri Bhagwat, and Michael L. McIntyre. "Nonlinear Current-Mode Control of SCIG Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010055.
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In this paper, a nonlinear controller is proposed to manage the rotational speed of a full-variable Squirrel Cage Induction Generator wind turbine. This control scheme improves upon tractional vector controllers by removing the need for a rotor flux observer. Additionally, the proposed controller manages the performance through turbulent wind conditions by accounting for unmeasurable wind torque dynamics. This model-based approach utilizes a current-based control in place of traditional voltage-mode control and is validated using a Lyapunov-based stability analysis. The proposed scheme is compared to a linear vector controller through simulation results. These results demonstrate that the proposed controller is far more robust to wind turbulence than traditional control schemes.
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Srun, Channareth, Saran Meas, Sok Oeun Un, Saokun Khim, and Virbora Ny. "Prototype Self-Adaptive Traffic Light Control System Using Cameras." EPI International Journal of Engineering 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/10.25042/epi-ije.082021.04.
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Cambodia is a developing country with rapid development. More vehicle usage on the road increased, this leads to more traffic problems. The traditional traffic light and traffic police officer help solve the problem at a level and limited conditions. For a better improvement, the smart traffic light is a good solution that can adapt to the real-world environment. There are four cameras are used to capture and analyze the vehicle traffic to control the modes of the traffic light. This method gives the improvement over the limited time of the traditional traffic light. This smart traffic light comes with three-term mode conditions including normal mode, camera mode, and night mode.
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Pei, Pei, Zhongcai Pei, Zhiyong Tang, and Han Gu. "Position Tracking Control of PMSM Based on Fuzzy PID-Variable Structure Adaptive Control." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5794067.
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A novel Fuzzy PID-Variable Structure Adaptive Control is proposed for position tracking of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor which will be used in electric extremity exoskeleton robot. This novel control method introduces sliding mode variable structure control on the basis of traditional PID control. The variable structure term is designed according to the sliding mode surface which is designed by system state equation, so it could compensate for the disturbance and uncertainty. Considering the chattering of sliding mode system, the fuzzy inference method is adopted to adjust the parameters of PID adaptively in real time online, which can attenuate chattering and improve control precision and dynamic performance of system correspondingly. In addition, compared with the traditional sliding mode control, this method takes the fuzzy PID control item to replace the equivalent control item of sliding mode variable structure control, which could avoid the control performance reduction resulted from modeling error and parameter error of system. It is proved that this algorithm can converge to the sliding surface and guarantee the stability of system by Lyapunov function. Simulation results show that Fuzzy PID-Variable Structure Adaptive Control enjoys better control precision and dynamic performance compared with traditional control method, and it improves the robustness of system significantly. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm are verified by the method of Rapid Control Prototyping on the semiphysical simulation test bench.
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WATANABE, KENICHI, YOUSUKE SUGIYAMA, TOMOYA ENOKIDO, and MAKOTO TAKIZAWA. "MODERATE CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTED OBJECT SYSTEMS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 05, no. 02 (June 2004): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021926590400109x.
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Objects are concurrently manipulated only through methods issued by multiple transactions in object-based systems. We first extend traditional read and write lock modes to methods on objects. We newly introduce availability and exclusion types of conflicting relations among methods. Then, we define a partially ordered relation on lock modes showing which modes are stronger than others. We newly propose a moderate concurrency control algorithm. Before manipulating an object through a method, the object is locked in a weaker mode than an intrinsic mode of the method. Then, the lock mode is escalated to the method mode. The weaker the initial mode is, the more concurrency is obtained but the more frequently deadlock occurs.
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Sun, Hua, Yue Hong Dai, and Chuan Sheng Tang. "Sliding-Mode Position Control of PMSLM Based on Grey Forecasting Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.85.
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This paper presented a new method of sliding mode control for position control problem in view of the uncertainty of friction model of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM). This is an estimation compensation control scheme for non-homogeneous sequence data.The stability of the proposed control law was verified according to Lyapunov stable theory.Comparison with traditional control was given through Matlab simulations, which proved the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed control method for PMSLM drive system.
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Ma, Qiang, and Yu Qiang Jin. "Supersonic Missile Control with PI Sliding Mode Method." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1773.
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Comparing with traditional adaptive methods, a very simple PI sliding mode controller is designed for uncertain nonlinear missile systems with the help of two main assumptions which are also testified to be reasonable.The construction of PI control for sliding surface is novel and effective. Also, the proof of PI type control law is unique in this paper.
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Ma, Rui, Shu Ju Hu, Xun Bo Fu, Hong Hua Xu, and Nian Hong Li. "Torque Control and Pitch Control Strategy in VSCF Wind Turbine above Rated Wind Speed." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1715.
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Above rated wind speed, the wind turbine speed and output power are maintained near the rated values through the coordinative control of torque and pitch angle. Due to the non-linear behavior of the wind turbine, the traditional PID control is not effective in the pitch control. And accurate mathematical model of wind turbine is very difficult to get. In order to solve the problem, the fuzzy adaptive tuning PID control algorithm is proposed in the paper. About torque control strategy, constant torque control mode and constant power control mode are simulated respectively. Based on the analysis and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of both modes, a mix control mode is proposed in order to give consideration to both torque and power. Simulation was carried out with the proposed torque control and pitch control strategy in MATLAB and GH Bladed software. The results proved that output power is optimized and the response of the wind turbine is good
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Wang, Dongwen, Dongheng Wang, Wei Zhou, and Libo Niu. "Research on PMSM Sliding-mode Vector Combined Speed Controller Based on Improved Exponential Reaching Law." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012024.
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Abstract Sliding mode control has good robustness, but the traditional sliding mode has the problem of chattering. Aiming at the conflict between velocity and chattering in the approach stage of sliding mode control, a new reaching law is put forward. By improving the isokinetic approach term of the traditional exponential reaching law, the system’s requirements in different stages of sliding mode motion are met, and this contradiction has been effectively improved. At the same time, to better improve the control effect of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed regulation system, combined with the traditional PI control with no static error and no overshoot, a combined speed controller combining sliding mode control and PI control is designed to enhance the robustness of the system. By building a model in Matlab/SIMULINK for simulation, the effectiveness of the improved exponential reaching law and the improvement of the system performance brought by the combined speed controller are verified respectively.
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Luo, Junhai, and Heng Liu. "Adaptive Fractional Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Multivariable Nonlinear Systems." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541918.
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This paper presents a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The fractional order calculus is employed in the parameter updating stage. The underlying stability analysis as well as parameter update law design is carried out by Lyapunov based technique. In the simulation, two examples including a comparison with the traditional integer order counterpart are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The main contribution of this paper consists in the control performance is better for the fractional order updating law than that of traditional integer order.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traditional control mode"
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Borysova, N. V., K. V. Melnyk, and V. I. Melnyk. "Development of computer system for adaptive knowledge testing in humanitarian disciplines." Thesis, Дніпровський національний університет ім. О. Гончара, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44722.
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Ariss, Joseph, and Salim Rabat. "A comparison between a traditional PID controller and an Artificial Neural Network controller in manipulating a robotic arm." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259365.
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Robotic and control industry implements different control technique to control the movement and the position of a robotic arm. PID controllers are the most used controllers in the robotics and control industry because of its simplicity and easy implementation. However, PIDs’ performance suffers under noisy environments. In this research, a controller based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) called the model reference controller is examined to replace traditional PID controllers to control the position of a robotic arm in a noisy environment. Simulations and implementations of both controllers were carried out in MATLAB. The training of the ANN was also done in MATLAB using the Supervised Learning (SL) model and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. Results shows that the ANN implementation performs better than traditional PID controllers in noisy environments.Robotoch kontrollindustrin implementerar olika kontrolltekniker för att styra rörelsen och placeringen av en robotarm. PID-styrenheter är de mest använda kontrollerna inom roboten och kontrollindustrin på grund av dess enkelhet och lätt implementering. PID:s prestanda lider emellertid i bullriga miljöer. I denna undersökning undersöks en styrenhet baserad på Artificiell Neuralt Nätverk (ANN) som kallas modellreferenskontrollen för att ersätta traditionella PID-kontroller för att styra en robotarm i bullriga miljöer. Simuleringar och implementeringar av båda kontrollerna utfördes i MATLAB. Utbildningen av ANN:et gjordes också i MATLAB med hjälp av Supervised Learning (SL) -modellen och LevenbergMarquardt backpropagationsalgoritmen. Resultat visar att ANN-implementeringen fungerar bättre än traditionella PID-kontroller i bullriga miljöer.
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Tsai, Jeng-fung, and 蔡政峰. "The effect of entry mode on organizational performance for Taiwan traditional industries Business Groups-family-control as a moderator." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33007742193042145582.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
企業管理系碩士在職專班
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Previous studies on enterprise groups were generally focus on diversity, corporate governance and operating performance. Most research topics were on enterprise groups’ shareholding, organization structure and social institution which might affect enterprise groups operation. Some have investigated into foreign entry mode, and they tend to focus on corporate cases or industry leaders. As the Taiwanese enterprise groups’ economic influence grows and investment amount in China reaches over 70% of totally foreign investment, entry mode selection becomes essential to enterprise groups’ future operating performance. Since Taiwanese enterprise groups are mostly family-control, family-control interference on the relationship of foreign entry mode and operating performance is needed to be understood and analyzed. By analyzing secondary data of Taiwanese conventional industries from 2005 to 2010, Empirical results are summarized as follows： 1.The enterprise groups whom applied sole entry mode have better operating performance in Chinese market than those of joint venture entry mode. 2.Family-control enterprise groups have better operating performance in Chinese market than those of non-family control. 3.Of those enterprise groups whom applied different entry modes, Family- control has a positive interference on operating performance in Chinese market.
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Bai, chih-Wei, and 白植維. "The Application of Disruptive Innovation in Traditional Indutries : The Case of Remote Control Model Industry." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37303138158712093052.
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"Cardioprotective effects of Chinese medicinal materials in rat model systems." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073682.
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Woo Yiu Ho Anthony."August 2004."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-198).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
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Carstens, Christoffel. "Invloed van televisie op die verwestersingsproses by die Swart adolessent." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16335.
Full textBooks on the topic "Traditional control mode"
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Cable, John. Control, technology and the social efficiency of traditional production: A bargaining model of the capital-labourrelationship. Coventry: University of Warwick,Department of Economics, 1987.
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Perry, Roland N., David J. Hunt, and Sergei A. Subbotin, eds. Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0000.
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Abstract This book is extensively illustrated, and addresses both fundamental traditional techniques and new methodologies. The chapters aim to provide an introduction to basic techniques for laboratory and field work with plant-parasitic and free-living soil-dwelling nematodes. The coverage highlights areas that have expanded and/or become more widespread over recent years, such as techniques used in diagnostic laboratories, including computerized methods to count and identify nematodes, and the use of entomopathogenic nematodes as environmentally acceptable control systems for some insect pests. The use of molecular techniques is relevant to many areas of work on nematodes and basic information on current molecular methodologies and their various applications is included.
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. Emerging Non-traditional Security Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 focuses on three emerging non-traditional security challenges identified as critical concerns or “main threats” for both Russia and China: color revolutions, cyber and information security, and terrorism and violent extremism. There is a high degree of coincidence between Russian and Chinese perspectives on these issues, recognizing the vulnerabilities that each presents for state security. Russia and China oppose color revolutions, strongly argue that authoritarian regimes have full international legitimacy, and resist attempts to undermine sovereignty in promoting democratization or regime transition. China and Russia attempt to influence international standards on freedom of expression in cyberspace by urging greater UN control over the Internet and engaging in censorship to protect state stability over free expression. While Russia, China, and the West struggle against terrorists who use violence to reshape the international order, China and Russia define terrorism more broadly to include all who might threaten to undermine the current government.
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Modir, Shahla J., and Joel Morris. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Acupuncture Approach to Addiction. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0016.
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The first half of this chapter paints a broad overview of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) with a focus on addiction. The second half details the Western studies, which address specific addictive substances. A glimpse of TCM’s history in the context of the medical models is discussed. The Western medical model is compared to and differentiated from TCM. Yin-yang and 5-element theory are detailed. The Zang Fu patterns are examined along with the principles of treatment and recognition of patterns. The 3 treasures (jing, qi, and shen) are discussed. Acupuncture was serendipitously found to be an addiction treatment with EA (electro acupuncture) and auricular points in 1972, which suggested a neuroendocrinological basis. Animal studies pointed toward involvement of different neurotransmitters in the basic mechanism of acupuncture, which are: the dopamine, GABAeric, and serotonergic systems. Most of the quality Western studies use the NADA (National Acupuncture Detoxification Association) protocols, which use 5 auricular points: shen men, kidney, liver, and lung. This protocol treats opiates, cocaine, nicotine, and AUDs. Regarding opiate detoxification, addicts assigned to the treatment groups were more consistent and more frequently attended treatment. Regarding alcohol, female participants (N = 185) who received acupuncture reported a decrease in cravings, depression, and anxiety with an increase in problem solving, when compared to controls (N = 101). There is less evidence that acupuncture is helpful for cocaine and nicotine. Acupuncture appears most helpful as an adjunct therapy, which keeps people more engaged in therapy longer, resulting in better outcomes.
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Hofmann, Christian, and Laurence van Lent. Organizational Design and Control Choices. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.10.
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Building on new insights from organizational economics, management accounting researchers have highlighted how incentive contracts and performance measure choices complement structural arrangements in firms. We discuss how “slow-moving” elements in organizational design, such as the allocation of decision rights to local managers and interdependencies between different parts of the production function, affect the working of incentives and performance measures. We pay attention to the empirical challenges that researchers face in this area and argues that mixed-method approaches in which economic models are combined with empirical evidence can help to build a body of evidence that is robust and admits cross-study accumulation of knowledge. Finally, we illustrate how recent economic models that incorporate other-regarding preferences can help to bridge the gap between economics-based research in management accounting and more traditional approaches that rely on the behavioral sciences.
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McDaniel, June. Hinduism. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0004.
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Emotion is viewed in both positive and negative ways in the Hindu religious and philosophical traditions. In those traditions that are more ascetic and emphasize mental control, emotions are distractions which need to be stilled. In those traditions that emphasize love of a deity, emotions are valuable—but they must be directed and transformed. However, in order to study emotion in the Hindu tradition, we must first look at the meaning of the term “Hinduism.” There are at least six major types of Hinduism: Hindu folk religion, Vedic religion, Vedantic Hinduism, yogic Hinduism, dharmic Hinduism, and bhakti or devotional Hinduism. All of these involve emotion in various ways, but two traditions—those of Bengali Vaishnavism and raja yoga—have written about emotion in greatest depth. This article examines what the term “emotion” means in India, and then describes the beliefs about emotion in Vaishnavism and Yoga in greater detail. In discussing the nature of emotion, it considers bhava and rasa. Finally, the article discusses the literature on emotion in Hindu tradition, focusing on religious poetry.
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Friberg, Christina M. The Making of Mississippian Tradition. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401612.001.0001.
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In this volume, Christina Friberg investigates the influence of Cahokia, the largest city of North America’s Mississippian culture between AD 1050 and 1350, on smaller communities throughout the midcontinent. Using evidence from recent excavations at the Audrey-North site in the Lower Illinois River Valley, Friberg examines the cultural give-and-take Audrey inhabitants experienced between new Cahokian customs and old Woodland ways of life. Comparing the architecture, pottery, and lithics uncovered here with data from thirty-five other sites across five different regions, Friberg reveals how the social, economic, and political influence of Cahokia shaped the ways Audrey inhabitants negotiated identities and made new traditions. Friberg’s broad interregional analysis also provides evidence that these diverse groups of people were engaged in a network of interaction and exchange outside Cahokia’s control. The Making of Mississippian Tradition offers a fascinating glimpse into the dynamics of cultural exchange in precolonial settlements, and its detailed reconstruction of Audrey society offers a new, more nuanced interpretation of how and why Mississippian lifeways developed.
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Conly, Sarah. Paternalism, Food, and Personal Freedom. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.7.
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This chapter explores the supposed difference between health regulations that are generally accepted (e.g., inspections for salmonella) and ones that are found excessively paternalistic (portion size controls), and it argues that the two are basically the same: in each case government tries to protect people from choices that do not advance their ends. Coercion is not bad when it keeps people from making choices that would promote obesity and heart disease, since most people value health more than they value the availability of large portions of junk food. Paternalists recognize that people also value things other than health, such as social outings involving food and celebrations of culture that feature traditional meals. The chapter argues that eating habits have always evolved, however, and an evolution that reflects healthier options in particular is no more destructive of shared social gatherings or cultural traditions than any other change.
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Rathmell, Anna. Consent. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0007.
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In contemporary medicine, the traditional paternalistic model of healthcare has largely been replaced with a model which focuses on patient autonomy and the right of patients to have as much control as possible over decisions relating to their medical care. In English law, this has led to the concept of informed consent and the right of patients to withdraw their consent at any time, even if they have previously given consent or signed a consent form.
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Thomas, Donna-Ann. Local Anesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0005.
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Local anesthetics, if utilized properly, can be a powerful tool in perioperative pain control. They are good adjuvants to traditional modes of anesthesia and analgesia while offering unique qualities of their own. Understanding the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics allows for utilization in the perioperative period that significantly improves patient pain control as well as the patient’s surgical experience. This chapter explores the mechanisms of action, the pharmacology and pharmacodynamics, the pharmacokinetics, and the clinical uses and toxicities for common local anesthetics, especially as these pertain to spinal surgery. In addition, detailed descriptions are given of common local anesthetics, along with dosing guidelines, contraindications, and side-effect profiles.
Book chapters on the topic "Traditional control mode"
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La Bella, Alessio. "Optimization-Based Control of Microgrids for Ancillary Services Provision and Islanded Operation." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 129–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_12.
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AbstractThe ongoing environmental crisis is pushing the electrical sector towards a radical transformation, as the wide diffusion of renewable sources requires the power system to be more distributed, cooperative, and flexible, being each portion of the grid now able to produce and absorb power. This poses much more coordination challenges with respect to the traditional centralized system, largely sustained by fully controllable fossil-based power plants. In this context, microgrids, i.e. intelligent small-scale grids equipped with distributed energy resources and smart loads, are considered as the fundamental bricks of this future paradigm. This is due to the opportunity of coordinating co-located sources and loads, and to the microgrids extreme flexibility, as they can be operated either connected to the main grid or in islanded mode. The contribution of this doctoral research consists in the design of dedicated control architectures for ensuring the efficient and secure operation of microgrids in these two modes, characterized by different challenges and opportunities.
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Dodds, Stephen J. "Traditional Controllers: Model Based Design." In Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing, 295–354. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6675-7_4.
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Wang, Jing, Jinglin Zhou, and Xiaolu Chen. "Probabilistic Graphical Model for Continuous Variables." In Intelligent Control and Learning Systems, 251–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8044-1_14.
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AbstractMost of the sampled data in complex industrial processes are sequential in time. Therefore, the traditional BN learning mechanisms have limitations on the value of probability and cannot be applied to the time series. The model established in Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-8044-1_13 is a graphical model similar to a Bayesian network, but its parameter learning method can only handle the discrete variables. This chapter aims at the probabilistic graphical model directly for the continuous process variables, which avoids the assumption of discrete or Gaussian distributions.
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Russell, Stuart. "Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control." In Perspectives on Digital Humanism, 19–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86144-5_3.
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AbstractA long tradition in philosophy and economics equates intelligence with the ability to act rationally—that is, to choose actions that can be expected to achieve one’s objectives. This framework is so pervasive within AI that it would be reasonable to call it the standard model. A great deal of progress on reasoning, planning, and decision-making, as well as perception and learning, has occurred within the standard model. Unfortunately, the standard model is unworkable as a foundation for further progress because it is seldom possible to specify objectives completely and correctly in the real world. The chapter proposes a new model for AI development in which the machine’s uncertainty about the true objective leads to qualitatively new modes of behavior that are more robust, controllable, and deferential to humans.
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Wang, Jing, Jinglin Zhou, and Xiaolu Chen. "Kernel Fisher Envelope Surface for Pattern Recognition." In Intelligent Control and Learning Systems, 101–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8044-1_7.
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AbstractIt is found that the batch process is more difficultly monitored compared with the continuous process, due to its complex features, such as nonlinearity, non-stable operation, unequal production cycles, and most variables only measured at the end of batch. Traditional methods for batch process, such as multiway FDA (Chen 2004) and multi-model FDA (He et al. 2005), cannot solve these issues well. They require complete batch data only available at the end of a batch. Therefore, the complete batch trajectory must be estimated real time, or alternatively only the measured values at the current moment are used for online diagnosis. Moreover, the above approaches do not consider the problem of inconsistent production cycles.
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Mikalsen, Marius, Viktoria Stray, Nils Brede Moe, and Idun Backer. "Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 173–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_18.
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Abstract Agile transformation implies that organizations apply agile methods also outside of software development units. One particular way of doing such transformations is to create cross-functional software development units. This represents new challenges for control for organizations as the unformal agile control mechanisms from the software units meet the more formal, bureaucratic and hierarchical control from other units. The research on how to manage control in agile transformations, however, is scarce. Through a case study of a new, cross-functional unit in a financial institution, we report on their work to implement control in agile transformations. To analyze our results, we draw on new perspectives for control in the digital era, which challenges existing presumptions on control. Our findings indicate how agile transformations require rethinking traditional control mechanisms and experiment with new control perspectives more suitable for the digital era.
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Chen, Deyun, Lei Shao, Xin Fu, and Xiaoyang Yu. "Mathematical Model Established and the Fast Calculation of Sensitivity Field-Based Electrical Capacitance Tomography for the Traditional Extraction of Chinese Medicine." In 2011 International Conference in Electrics, Communication and Automatic Control Proceedings, 265–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8849-2_34.
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Harada, Hidenori. "Interactions Between Materials and Socio-Culture in Sanitation." In Global Environmental Studies, 177–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_10.
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AbstractThe function of sanitation is to control the fate of human waste. A toilet is only the entrance to sanitation, and human waste as materials need to be appropriately handled throughout a sanitation service chain to control the impact of human waste on the environment. While the toilet has a private aspect, post-toilet sanitation has a public aspect. It is unclear how individuals and society should share the impact of post-toilet sanitation. Sanitation enabling the use of human waste may have greater material, socio-cultural, and health impacts in society than sanitation that does not enable the use of human waste. If the impacts caused by sanitation are unreasonable, sanitation will not be sustainable. Designing a sanitation service chain is traditionally an engineering-based business that optimizes these impacts, especially from the material and health aspects. However, in the real world, the system with the maximum benefit and minimum burden as a total for society is not necessarily preferred by all individual stakeholders. Rather than simply adjusting stakeholders’ interests, sanitation may actively establish appropriate relationships with each stakeholder, even on an individual level, to be more sustainable. Such a design approach would go beyond the traditional design approaches of sanitation optimization that use conventional engineering tools.
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Klomp, Jeroen, and Robert Beeres. "Does Legal Origin Matter for Arms Control Treaty Ratification?" In NL ARMS, 157–73. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_9.
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AbstractThis chapter examines whether the legal origin of a country influences the likelihood of ratification of multilateral international treaties concerning arms control. We theorize that ratification of an arms control treaty signals a country’s intention to avoid arms races and wars. We know only little about the variation in the ratification of such agreements. One possible element that may explain this variation is the legal origin or tradition of a country. Since treaties are legally binding agreements between two or more states and/or international governmental organizations, they cannot be adapted to local needs and circumstances. Treaties are therefore generally an uneasy fit with the gradual, organic evolution of law that is essential in the common-law system. By contrast, the civil-law tradition neatly distinguishes between legally binding obligations and non-binding guidelines or directives. Consequently, civil-law countries are expected to be more likely to ratify treaties than common-law countries. The empirical results clearly confirm this expectation. In particular, civil-law countries have ratified about nine percent more treaties than common-law countries.
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Xie, Pei-shan, and Eric Wong. "Direction of TCM Modernisation and Quality Control Mode." In Annals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 99–105. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812565860_0008.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Traditional control mode"
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Shtessel, Y. B., D. C. Foreman, and C. H. Tournes. "Stability margins in traditional and Second Order Sliding Mode Control." In 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161138.
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Cai, Zicheng, Asad Ul Haq, and Dragan Djurdjanovic. "Energy and Robustness Evaluation for Dual-Mode Model Predictive Control of HVAC Systems." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5025.
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This paper presents an evaluation of energy efficiency and robustness to disturbances for a discrete-time dual-mode model predictive controller (DMMPC) of a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The recently introduced controller only requires finite number of iterations for the underlying model predictive controller optimization to achieve guaranteed stability under the assumption of an error free controllable system. A nonlinear model for the air handling unit of a generic multi-zone HVAC system is used for simulation and evaluation of control performance. Energy consumption is computed from simulation results, while the robustness conclusions are drawn from analyses of the results in the presence of process noise and modeling uncertainties. The energy and robustness performance of the dual-mode controller is compared with a traditional PID control structure, showing the superiority of the newly proposed controller.
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Lee, Sangyoon, and Perry Y. Li. "Supervisory Control for a Switched Mode Hydraulic Transformer." In BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2018-8935.
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A supervisory control for a hydraulic transformer is developed. The hydraulic transformer being controlled is configured in a traditional manner where a pair of hydraulic pump/motors are mechanically coupled together. This transformer can be configured in three distinct modes depending on how each port is connected. A supervisory control determines, for the desired output pressure and output flow, the mode and shaft speed that the transformer should operate in order to minimize the power loss. The resulting controller structure ensures that the transformer provides the desired flow while following the desired mode and shaft speed. The supervisory control is further modified to avoid high frequency switching and to achieve bumpless transfer between modes. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the supervisory controller to increase the efficiency of the hydraulic transformer driven system.
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Rittenhouse, Benjamin, and Alok Sinha. "Optimal Sliding Mode Gaussian Controller for Hydropower Plant With Grid Dynamics." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3926.
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This paper examines the performance of an optimal sliding mode Gaussian (OSG) controller for the regulation of a hydropower plant implemented in the modeling program SIMSEN. The controller is designed to regulate grid frequency and includes the dynamics of the wicket gate servo system, turbine, and grid. Simulation results for OSG control are compared to those of more traditional LQG and PI controllers. Simulation shows that OSG control provides superior performance for the nominal system and for the system with parametric uncertainties.
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Zhang, Feitian, and Xiaobo Tan. "Gliding Robotic Fish and its Tail-Enabled Yaw Motion Stabilization Using Sliding Mode Control." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-4015.
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Gliding robotic fish is a new type of underwater robots that combines the energy-efficiency of underwater gliders and the high maneuverability of robotic fish. The tail fin of a gliding robotic fish provides the robot more control authority, especially for the lateral motion, compared with traditional underwater gliders. In this paper, the design and development of a gliding robotic fish prototype is first presented, followed by its dynamic model. We then focus on the problem of tail-enabled yaw stabilization during gliding, where a sliding mode controller is proposed. Both simulation and experimental results are demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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Ravi, Nikhil, Michael Jagsch, Joel Oudart, Nalin Chaturvedi, David Cook, and Aleksandar Kojic. "Closed-Loop Control of SI-HCCI Mode Switch Using Fuel Injection Timing." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3785.
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Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) provides improved efficiency and emissions relative to current engine technologies. One of the barriers to implementing HCCI on production engines is the development of a robust control strategy to transition from traditional spark-ignition (SI) mode to HCCI mode and back. This paper presents such a strategy, based on the control of combustion phasing using fuel injection timing during the mode switch from SI to HCCI. The controller is based on a cycle-by-cycle combustion model developed in previous work. In order to obtain a state estimator for both modes, the model is linearized around operating points corresponding to the steady-states before (SI) and after (HCCI) the switch. The linearized HCCI model is used to synthesize a closed-loop controller to track a desired combustion phasing, with fuel injection timing as the controlled input. The control strategy is tested on a single-cylinder HCCI engine with direct injection. Experimental results at different operating points show that the controller is able to maintain a desirable phasing transient during the mode switch, prevent cycles with very early or late phasing and enable smooth transitions with minimal load fluctuations.
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Zhang, Xinxin, Min Li, and Huafeng Ding. "Adaptive Iterative Learning Control of Fluidic Muscle Driven Parallel Manipulators for Force Control With Sliding Mode Technique." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24466.
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Abstract In this paper, an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) method combined with sliding mode technique is proposed to improve the force control performance for repeating tasks of fluidic muscle (FM) driven parallel manipulators. Different from the traditional iterative learning control method, the proposed AILC is to learn the controller time-varying parameters rather than to learn the control signals. Since the AILC is sensitive to non-repetitive disturbances, the sliding mode technique is introduced to enhance the robustness. Since no model information involved in the controller design, the proposed method is a complete data-driven method. Hence, the difficulty of obtaining accurate model is avoided. Simulation studies are performed on a two degrees of freedom FM driven parallel manipulator. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve high force tracking performance and robustness.
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Yazdanbakhsh, Omolbanin, and Saeid Hoseinia. "Synchronization of Unified Chaotic System by Robust H∞/Sliding Mode Control." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24551.
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This paper investigates the chaos synchronization problem for a class of uncertain unified chaotic systems with external disturbances. Based on the proportional-integral (PI) switching surface, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is derived to not only guarantee the occurrence of a sliding motion of error states, but also reduce the effect of external disturbances to an H∞-norm performance. Also, a new reaching law is introduced to reduce the chattering problem that is produced by traditional sliding mode control. The parameters necessary for constructing both PI switching surface and the SMC can be found by the linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization technique. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Du, Xian, Hanz Richter, and YingQing Guo. "A MIMO Sliding Mode Approach to Limit Protection in Aero-Engines." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9634.
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This paper proposes a scheme for limit protection in aero-engines with two control inputs and two regulated variables. The strategy extends existing results based on single-input sliding mode regulators and the min-max switching logic. The proposed multi-input strategy is able to manage engine limits effectively and offers better transient response than the traditional min-max architecture with linear regulators. The paper presents design guidelines for the multivariable sliding mode controller and the switching logic. The influence of key parameters is described and a simulation-based comparative study is made between the proposed approach and the existing single-input approach. It is shown that the multi-input technique has two clear advantages over the single-input approach, namely the ability to track fan speed (or other output related to thrust) even with harsh constrains, and the possibility of faster responses with smaller fuel flows by adjusting a secondary setpoint reference.
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Ting, Zhou, Xu Yugong, and Wu Bin. "A Novel Fractional Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control Method for Spherical Robot Linear Motion Speed Control." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70264.
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Abstract This paper studies the linear motion speed control problem of an underactuated spherical robot under unknown disturbances. A novel fractional fixed-time terminal sliding mode control with a nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed for the spherical robot to achieve fast stabilization and robust control performance. First, a novel fixed-time terminal sliding surface is proposed by adding a fractional differential operator in the traditional integer order fixed-time terminal sliding surface. A nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the unknown disturbances. Then a fractional hierarchical sliding mode speed controller is designed based on the novel fractional fixed-time terminal sliding surface and the nonlinear disturbance observer. Through the Lyapunov stability theorem, the boundedness of each sliding surface is achieved, and the stability of the whole system is guaranteed. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been verified via simulation work. The simulation results show the fractional sliding mode controller has a shorter settling time and lower overshoot compared to an integer order sliding controller. When subjected to the abrupt changes of rolling friction, the fractional hierarchical sliding mode controller shows stronger robustness than the integer order one.
Reports on the topic "Traditional control mode"
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Aly, Radi, James H. Westwood, and Carole L. Cramer. Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586467.bard.
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Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.
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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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Yoozbashizadeh, Mahdi, and Forouzan Golshani. Robotic Parking Technology for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Control Around Park & Rides. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1936.
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A lack or limited availability for parking may have multiple consequences, not the least of which is driver frustration, congestion, and air pollution. However, there is a greater problem that is not widely recognized by the public, namely the negative effect on the use of transit systems due to insufficient parking spaces close to key transit stations. Automated parking management systems, which have been successfully deployed in several European and Japanese cities, can manage parking needs at transit stations more effectively than other alternatives. Numerous studies have confirmed that quick and convenient automobile access to park-and-ride lots can be essential to making public transit competitive with the automobile in suburban areas. Automated parking systems use a robotic platform that carries each vehicle to one of the locations in a custom designed structure. Each location is designed compactly so that considerably more vehicles can be parked in the automated garages than the traditional parking lots. Central to the design of these systems are three key technologies, namely: 1. Mechanical design and the operation of vehicle transfer, i.e., the robotic platform 2. Structural and architectural requirements to meet safety and earthquake standards, among other design imperatives, 3. Automation and intelligent control issues as related to the overall operation and system engineering. This article concerns the first technology, and more specifically the design of the robotic platform for vehicle transfers. We will outline the overall design of the robot and the shuttle, followed by a description of the prototype that was developed in our laboratories. Subsequently, performance related issues and scalability of the current design will be analyzed.
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Mort, A. Controls on the distribution and composition of gas and condensate in the Montney resource play. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329790.
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The Montney resource play has evolved from a peripheral conventional play to one of the most important hydrocarbon-producing unconventional resource plays in North America and has remained resilient throughout the economic challenges of recent years. Despite maturing as a resource play as a result of more than 15 years of unconventional development and research there are still aspects of the play that are not fully de-risked and prediction of fluid quality remains haphazard due to the complex interplay of geological and engineering factors. Among these are the delineation of structural and stratigraphic barriers and conduits, identification of enigmatic source rocks, which defy traditional methods, evaluating effects of fluid migration and the difficulty in predicting phase behavior in a tight, but open system. This study uses a combined approach leveraging geochemical tools combined with spatial and stratigraphic analysis in an attempt to improve current understanding of these issues.
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Li, Howell, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Jairaj Desai, Timothy Wells, and Darcy M. Bullock. Extraction of Vehicle CAN Bus Data for Roadway Condition Monitoring. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317212.
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Obtaining timely information across the state roadway network is important for monitoring the condition of the roads and operating characteristics of traffic. One of the most significant challenges in winter roadway maintenance is identifying emerging or deteriorating conditions before significant crashes occur. For instance, almost all modern vehicles have accelerometers, anti-lock brake (ABS) and traction control systems. This data can be read from the Controller Area Network (CAN) of the vehicle, and combined with GPS coordinates and cellular connectivity, can provide valuable on-the-ground sampling of vehicle dynamics at the onset of a storm. We are rapidly entering an era where this vehicle data can provide an agency with opportunities to more effectively manage their systems than traditional procedures that rely on fixed infrastructure sensors and telephone reports. This data could also reduce the density of roadway weather information systems (RWIS), similar to how probe vehicle data has reduced the need for micro loop or side fire sensors for collecting traffic speeds.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.
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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.
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Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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Brodie, Katherine, Brittany Bruder, Richard Slocum, and Nicholas Spore. Simultaneous mapping of coastal topography and bathymetry from a lightweight multicamera UAS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41440.
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A low-cost multicamera Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is used to simultaneously estimate open-coast topography and bathymetry from a single longitudinal coastal flight. The UAS combines nadir and oblique imagery to create a wide field of view (FOV), which enables collection of mobile, long dwell timeseries of the littoral zone suitable for structure-from motion (SfM), and wave speed inversion algorithms. Resultant digital surface models (DSMs) compare well with terrestrial topographic lidar and bathymetric survey data at Duck, NC, USA, with root-mean-square error (RMSE)/bias of 0.26/–0.05 and 0.34/–0.05 m, respectively. Bathymetric data from another flight at Virginia Beach, VA, USA, demonstrates successful comparison (RMSE/bias of 0.17/0.06 m) in a secondary environment. UAS-derived engineering data products, total volume profiles and shoreline position, were congruent with those calculated from traditional topo-bathymetric surveys at Duck. Capturing both topography and bathymetry within a single flight, the presented multicamera system is more efficient than data acquisition with a single camera UAS; this advantage grows for longer stretches of coastline (10 km). Efficiency increases further with an on-board Global Navigation Satellite System–Inertial Navigation System (GNSS-INS) to eliminate ground control point (GCP) placement. The Appendix reprocesses the Virginia Beach flight with the GNSS–INS input and no GCPs.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
Full textAbstract:
Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).