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Journal articles on the topic 'Traditional birth'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Feyi-Waboso, Marcus. "TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS." Lancet 334, no. 8655 (July 1989): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90221-3.

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2

Leedam, Elizabeth. "Traditional birth attendants." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 23, no. 4 (September 1985): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(85)90020-7.

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3

Sibley, L. M., and T. A. Sipe. "Effectiveness of traditional birth attendants." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): C65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)80513-5.

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4

Lech, M. M., and P. T. Mngadi. "Swaziland's Traditional Birth Attendants Survey." African Journal of Reproductive Health 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3583420.

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5

Eberhard, Jakob, and Verena Geissbühler. "Influence of Alternative Birth Methods on Traditional Birth Management." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 15, no. 5 (2000): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021023.

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6

MacAskill, Una. "Training traditional birth attendants in isolation." Midwifery 3, no. 4 (December 1987): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-6138(87)80036-0.

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7

Replogle, Jill. "Training traditional birth attendants in Guatemala." Lancet 369, no. 9557 (January 2007): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60090-7.

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8

Kamal, I. "Traditional birth attendant training: sharing experiences." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 38, Supplement (1992): S55—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(92)90032-e.

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9

Haarsager, Mary. "Training Traditional Birth Attendants in Southern Sudan." Creative Nursing 14, no. 4 (November 2008): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.14.4.178.

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10

Ngoma, Catherine M., and Lucensia Himwiila. "Community perceptions of trained traditional birth attendants." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 3, no. 3 (July 17, 2009): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2009.3.3.142.

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Odent, M. R. "IN PRAISE OF THE TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT." Lancet 334, no. 8667 (October 1989): 862–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)93021-3.

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12

Maglacas, A. Mangay, and John Simons. "The Potential of the Traditional Birth Attendant." Studies in Family Planning 17, no. 5 (September 1986): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1966993.

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13

Hodnett, E. "Traditional birth attendants are an effective resource." BMJ 344, jan18 1 (January 18, 2012): e365-e365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e365.

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14

Chabot, H. T. J., and K. H. Eggens. "Antenatal Card for Illiterate Traditional Birth Attendants." Tropical Doctor 16, no. 2 (April 1986): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558601600212.

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15

Gill, C. J., D. H. Hamer, and A. B. Knapp. "Dispelling the myths surrounding traditional birth attendants." BMJ 343, jul19 3 (July 19, 2011): d4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4481.

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16

Allen, Max. "The Birth Symbol in Traditional Women's Art." Birth 19, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1992.tb00362.x.

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17

Naidu, Maheshvari, and Yonela Scina. "Traditional Birth Attendants: Insights from Life Histories." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 18, no. 1 (June 2018): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180103.

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18

Roberts, Lisa R., and Barbara A. Anderson. "Enhancing Traditional Birth Attendant Training in Guatemala." International Journal of Childbirth 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ijcbirth-d-20-00028.

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BACKGROUNDThis article describes the follow-up study to Simulation Learning Among Low Literacy Guatemalan Traditional Birth Attendants, published in the International Journal of Childbirth in 2017. This current study had two purposes: (a) to implement and evaluate the use of enhanced training modalities (active-learning strategies and use of technology in a remote area), and (b) to pilot training-of-trainer (ToT) methods. The current study builds upon the previous study in which we conducted and evaluated a simulation-based training among low-literacy Guatemala traditional birth attendants (TBAs).MATERIALS AND METHODSIn the current study, we conducted a focus group with experienced TBAs (n = 8) to elicit concepts and issues important to address in the training. The 60-hour training designed for low-resource settings, was enhanced with active-learning strategies, technology, and ToT modules. We assessed pre–posttest knowledge and attitudes by paper-pencil format, and pre–post skills by demonstration using simulation.RESULTSTraining participants (N = 31) included the eight experienced TBAs from the focus group. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes all improved, with statistical significance achieved in many parameters. Evaluation of the training was positive and enhancement strategies were noted as particularly helpful. Two participants participated in the additional ToT modules and are now collaborating to provide short educational programs to other TBAs in their regions.CONCLUSIONTraining enhancement strategies have the potential to increase safe practice among TBAs where skilled birth attendants are lacking. Adding ToT modules enhances sustainability and exemplifies the importance of locally prepared trainers in a time when global interaction is severely limited.
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19

Mbutu, Paschalia, Wanjiru Gichuhi, and Grace Nyamongo. "Traditional Birth Attendants and Childbirth in Kenya." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss5.1019.

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The first objective of this research was to explore the role played by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) during pregnancy and childbirth. The second objective was to establish perspectives of pregnant women regarding the role played by TBAs during childbirth. Eight TBAs out of 12 were selected using simple random sampling technique. These 8 TBAs were drawn from the environs of 10 sampled health facilities. To calculate the sample size for the pregnant women to be interviewed about their perspectives towards TBAs from the 10 sampled health facilities , this formula was used, 1230 x 15/100=184.5 rounded up to 185. According to 2009 census, the population of women at child bearing age (15 – 49 years) was 1230 in Kitui West Sub-County (KNBS et al.; 2009). The final sample size for pregnant women was 187 as shown under the discussion on sampling techniques. An in depth individual interview guide was used to gather information from the 8 TBAs and 165 pregnant women. Unstructured interview guide was used to gather information from 22 respondents who formed focus group discussion (FGD). To make a meaning from the raw data, it was transcribed and emerging themes and patterns according the objective of the study were picked. The Chi-square test analysis showed that more than a half of the women preferred to deliver at home assisted by a TBA. (χ2=1.572; df=2; p=0.036) where p=0.05. This was confirmed by the fact that 37 percent out of 135 respondents who attended ANC clinic and 90 percent out of 30 respondents who did not attend ANC clinic delivered at home assisted by TBAs.
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20

McKellar, Lois. "Partnership for change: Skilled birth attendants and traditional birth attendants working together." Women and Birth 24 (October 2011): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2011.07.107.

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21

PENG, XIZHE, and JUAN HUANG. "CHINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND ABNORMAL SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN CHINA." Journal of Biosocial Science 31, no. 4 (October 1999): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932099004873.

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A study of the abnormal sex ratio at birth in China reveals that it is not an entirely new phenomenon that emerged since the 1980s, but is simply more visible at present. Deliberate intervention to determine the sex of children has existed in the past few decades, at least in certain groups. Apart from modern medical methods, traditional Chinese medical practice is shown to be highly accurate in identifying the sex of a fetus. This may lead to sex-selective abortion and an abnormal sex ratio at birth. The possible causes of the abnormal sex ratio at birth include not only the real imbalance due to the disturbance of social factors, but also a spurious one attributable to the under-counting of female births. The real magnitude of the imbalance has been exaggerated by statistical error. The phenomenon is a complicated one reflecting the comprehensive socioeconomic setting. Among these factors, the stage of the fertility transition is one of the most decisive.
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22

Chi, Primus Che, and Henrik Urdal. "The evolving role of traditional birth attendants in maternal health in post-conflict Africa: A qualitative study of Burundi and northern Uganda." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211775363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117753631.

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Objectives: Many conflict-affected countries are faced with an acute shortage of health care providers, including skilled birth attendants. As such, during conflicts traditional birth attendants have become the first point of call for many pregnant women, assisting them during pregnancy, labour and birth, and in the postpartum period. This study seeks to explore how the role of traditional birth attendants in maternal health, especially childbirth, has evolved in two post-conflict settings in sub-Saharan Africa (Burundi and northern Uganda) spanning the period of active warfare to the post-conflict era. Methods: A total of 63 individual semi-structured in-depth interviews and 8 focus group discussions were held with women of reproductive age, local health care providers and staff of non-governmental organisations working in the domain of maternal health who experienced the conflict, across urban, semi-urban and rural settings in Burundi and northern Uganda. Discussions focused on the role played by traditional birth attendants in maternal health, especially childbirth during the conflict and how the role has evolved in the post-conflict era. Transcripts from the interviews and focus group discussions were analysed by thematic analysis (framework approach). Results: Traditional birth attendants played a major role in childbirth-related activities in both Burundi and northern Uganda during the conflict, with some receiving training and delivery kits from the local health systems and non-governmental organisations to undertake deliveries. Following the end of the conflict, traditional birth attendants have been prohibited by the government from undertaking deliveries in both Burundi and northern Uganda. In Burundi, the traditional birth attendants have been integrated within the primary health care system, especially in rural areas, and re-assigned the role of ‘birth companions’. In this capacity they undertake maternal health promotion activities within their communities. In northern Uganda, on the other hand, traditional birth attendants have not been integrated within the local health system and still appear to undertake clandestine deliveries in some rural areas. Conclusion: The prominent role of traditional birth attendants in childbirth during the conflicts in Burundi and northern Uganda has been dwindling in the post-conflict era. Traditional birth attendants can still play an important role in facilitating facility and skilled attended births if appropriately integrated with the local health system.
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23

Iyengar, S., Tripta Sapru, and A. Gupta. "TRADITIONAL WORSHIPPING AND CONSERVATION OF PLANTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3167.

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The incredibility of India resides in its oneness inspite of diversity in culture, religion. Ethnic groups, castes, languages etc.; 31 states 1618 languages. 6400 castes, 6 ethic groups 29 major festivals and one country. Isliyemeradeshmahanhai. The diversity in culture and religion is reflected in diverse traditions faiths and beliefs. These faiths and beliefs in context with human relationship with supreme power has led to the protection and conservation of numerous plants thereby helping in maintenance of biodiversity. In Hindu families after a child is born ‘JanamPatrika’ is prepared depending on date time and place of birth to know his/her future. It is believed that rashi, nakshatra and positions of the navgraha at the time of birth has a great bearing on the nature and the events happening in the life of the child. There are twelve Janam (birth) rashis and twenty two nakshatras and nine navgahas (planets). Each of these is associated with a specific plant. It is believed that worshipping, Plantation and protection of plants associated with one’s birth rashi, nakshatra keeps at bay some of the adversities in life and also gives solutions to their problems. It would be interesting to study why when and how a particular species has come to be associated with above birth signs.
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24

Homer, Caroline S. E., Tauaitala Lees, Pelenatete Stowers, Fulisia Aiavao, Annabel Sheehy, and Lesley Barclay. "Traditional Birth Attendants in Samoa: Integration With the Formal Health System." International Journal of Childbirth 2, no. 1 (2012): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.2.1.5.

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A traditional birth attendant (TBA) is a person who assists the mother during childbirth and who initially acquired her skills by delivering babies herself or through apprenticeship to other TBAs. In many parts of the world, TBAs continue to provide a significant proportion of maternity care during pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period. In Samoa, TBAs are recognized part of both the formal and informal health care system. The aim of this research was to examine the contribution that TBAs made in the provision of maternity care in Samoa. A descriptive study was undertaken, and 100 TBAs who had attended more than 400 births a year were interviewed as part of a broader Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment.The findings highlighted that although TBAs can work in collaboration with individual health providers or facilities or be integrated into the health system, TBAs were often practicing autonomously within their communities, independent of collaborative links. This study showed that formal recognition and registration of TBAs would improve the recording of births and augment their partnership to the formal health care system. This formal registration process has since been implemented to improve monitoring and evaluation and assist future research with this important group.
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25

Wan Sri Widaningsih and Nurman Achmad. "The Influencing Factors for A Pregnant Mother give Birth with Traditional Birth Attendant (A Case Study in. Bangko District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau)." Indonesian Journal of Medical Anthropology 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijma.v2i1.5304.

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This study discusses the existence of traditional birth attendant services in the district. Bangko till now. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that influence pregnant women to give birth by using traditional birth attendants and also services provided by traditional birth attendants to pregnant women. This research is a descriptive type with a qualitative approach. The methods used in data collection were participatory observation and interviews, with informants, namely mothers who had given birth to traditional birth attendant and traditional birth attendant themselves. The results of the study are the factors that influence pregnant women who give birth with traditional birth attendants, namely the existence of hereditary habits, beliefs, social relations between patients and traditional birth attendants, social and economic conditions and background of mothers who give birth at a traditional birth attendant, more services for the traditional birth attendant. plenary, far health service distance with difficult transportation, and fear of using medical equipment. While the care provided by the traditional birth attendant includes examination of the patient's womb, the delivery process, and post-delivery services.
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26

Oluremi Sogunro, G. "Traditional obstetrics; a Nigerian experience of a traditional birth attendant training program." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 25, no. 5 (October 1987): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(87)90343-2.

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27

Umar, Nurul Habibah. "Analisis Pemilihan Dukun sebagai Penolong Persalinan (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Bulak Banteng, Kota Surabaya)." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 7, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmki.7.1.2019.9-15.

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Maternal mortality of Surabaya, in 2017, reached 79.40 per 100,000 live births due to direct causes by 77.2%. There are many programs to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality such as improving delivery services in the health facility. In 2008, the partnership program between midwives and traditional birth attendants had developed to increase the access of quality maternal services for mothers and babies. However, in 2017 the delivery practice with traditional birth attendants has remained active in the area of Bulak Banteng Community Health Center, Surabaya. This study aimed to analyze the women’s decision selecting the traditional birth attendants for their delivery practice by exploring knowledge factor, belief factor, health service access factor, and family factor in Bulak Banteng Community Health Center of Surabaya. The research was a qualitative study using the approach of case study including in-depth interview and exploring secondary data. The sample was the mothers who delivered the baby with the traditional birth attendant from a previous year ago, and the midwife of health community center. The variable from this study were knowledge factor, belief factor, health service access factor, and family factor. The study used the analytical method consisted of data collecting, data reduction, and verification. The result showed less knowledge factor of healthy and safe delivery in the community. The belief factor and family factor held an important role in the selection of the traditional birth attendants during birth attendance, while the factor of health service access showed nothing related to the selection process. There is a need to implement health education for pregnant women, husband, family, and people with an aim of giving the understanding about healthy and safe birth attendance. In conclude, the selection on traditional birth attendant was influenced by knowledge factor, belief factor, and family factor.
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28

Garces, Ana, Elizabeth M. McClure, Leopoldo Espinoza, Sarah Saleem, Lester Figueroa, Sherri Bucher, and Robert L. Goldenberg. "Traditional birth attendants and birth outcomes in low-middle income countries: A review." Seminars in Perinatology 43, no. 5 (August 2019): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2019.03.013.

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29

PEDERSEN, B. "A pilot project for training traditional birth attendants." Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 30, no. 1 (January 1985): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-2182(85)90212-5.

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30

Garcia, Kimberly, Donna Dowling, and Gretchen Mettler. "Teaching Guatemalan traditional birth attendants about obstetrical emergencies." Midwifery 61 (June 2018): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.012.

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31

Peeters, RF, A. Alisjahbana, and AZ Meheus. "Preventing neonatal tetanus: traditional birth attendants or immunization?" Health Policy and Planning 1, no. 2 (1986): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/1.2.173.

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32

Janowitz, B., S. Wallace, G. Araujo, and L. Araujo. "Referrals by traditional birth attendants in northeast Brazil." American Journal of Public Health 75, no. 7 (July 1985): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.75.7.745.

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33

Salako, A. A., and O. J. Daniel. "Identifying the training needs of traditional birth attendants." Tropical Doctor 37, no. 1 (January 2007): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947507779952069.

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34

Choguya, Naume Zorodzai. "Traditional Birth Attendants and Policy Ambivalence in Zimbabwe." Journal of Anthropology 2014 (May 7, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/750240.

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This paper analyses the importance of the services rendered by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to pregnant women in Zimbabwe. It argues that, though an integral part of the health system, the ambivalence in terms of policy on the part of the government leaves them in a predicament. Sociocultural values as well as tradition imbue TBAs power and authority to manage pregnancies and assist in child deliveries. On the other hand, government policies expounded through the Ministry of Health (MoH) programs and policies appear to be relegating them to the fringes of healthcare provision. However, in a country with a failing health system characterized by mass exodus of qualified personnel, availability of drugs, and understaffing of healthcare centres, among others, TBAs remain the lifeline for many women in the country. Instead of sidelining them in healthcare interventions, I argue that their integration, however, problematic and often noted to be with disastrous consequences for traditional medicine, presents the sole viable solution towards achieving MDGs 4 and 5. The government and MoH should capitalize on the availability of and standing working relations of TBAs with the grassroots for better/positive maternal health outcomes. In a country reeling with high maternal deaths, TBAs’ status and position in society make them the best intervention tools.
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35

Jepson, AP, and LD MacDonald. "The Practice of Traditional Birth Attendants in Zululand." Tropical Doctor 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558801800413.

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36

Veeken, Hans. "Book Review: Training Manual for Traditional Birth Attendants." Tropical Doctor 21, no. 3 (July 1991): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559102100310.

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37

Kumar, Rajesh. "Training Traditional Birth Attendants for Resuscitation of Newborns." Tropical Doctor 25, no. 1 (January 1995): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559502500109.

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38

Mbaruku, Godfrey, Beverly Msambichaka, Sandro Galea, Peter C. Rockers, and Margaret E. Kruk. "Dissatisfaction with traditional birth attendants in rural Tanzania." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107, no. 1 (July 4, 2009): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.05.008.

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39

Eades, Carol A., Christopher Brace, Lawrence Osei, and Katherine D. LaGuardia. "Traditional birth attendants and maternal mortality in Ghana." Social Science & Medicine 36, no. 11 (June 1993): 1503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90392-h.

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40

Magzoub, M. M. A., T. E. Ali, and A. B. Ali. "A Low-Cost Tool for Traditional Birth Attendants to Identify Low-Birth-Weight Infants." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 15, no. 3 (September 1994): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659401500317.

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One of the most important strategies in health development is inter-sectoral collaboration. This study is an example of collaboration between a medical doctor and an animal-production scientist to develop an easy, low-cost, rapid method for the assessment of birth weight. In developing countries where neonatal and infant mortality are high, birth weight could be a useful measure for identifying high-rise; neonates who need special attention. However, weighing a newborn is often not possible because more than three-fourths of deliveries take place at home. Most are attended by village midwives or traditional birth attendants who do not have weighing scales. Our study in the Wad Medani teaching hospital showed that chest circumference is the best predictor of birth weight (R2 82%, corresponding to a correlation coefficient of .91). A tape was developed with chest circumference measurements corresponding to predicted birth weights. The tape is coloured so that it can be used by illiterate midwives. Both the midwives and their instructors in the midwifery school found this method easy to learn and use.
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41

Adatara, Peter, Agani Afaya, Elizabeth A. Baku, Solomon Mohammed Salia, and Anthony Asempah. "Perspective of Traditional Birth Attendants on Their Experiences and Roles in Maternal Health Care in Rural Areas of Northern Ghana." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2165627.

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Background. Traditional birth attendants play significant roles in maternal health care in the rural communities in developing countries such as Ghana. Despite their important role in maternal health care, there is paucity of information from the perspective of traditional birth attendants regarding their role on maternal health care in rural areas in Ghana. Objective. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the role of traditional birth attendants in maternal health care in the rural areas in Ghana. Methods. A qualitative explorative approach was adopted to explore the role of traditional birth attendants in maternal health care in the rural areas of Ghana. Ten (10) out of a total of twenty-seven (27) practising traditional birth attendants in the study area were purposefully selected from five (5) rural communities in the Bongo District of Ghana for the study. Data were collected through in-depth, unstructured, individual interviews using a guide. Data collected from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed to identify themes. Results. Six main roles of traditional birth attendants on maternal health care in rural areas were identified in this study: traditional birth attendants conduct deliveries at home, they provide health education to women on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, they arrange means of transport and accompany women in labour to health facilities, they provide psychological support and counselling to women during pregnancy and childbirth, and traditional birth attendants are not paid in cash for the services they render to women in the rural areas. Conclusion. Our study brought to light the critical role traditional birth attendants play in maternity in rural and remote areas in Ghana. There is a need for skilled birth attendants to collaborate with traditional birth attendants in rural and deprived communities to provide quality and culturally accepted care in the rural communities.
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42

Gete, Dereje G., Michael Waller, and Gita D. Mishra. "Prepregnancy dietary patterns and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 5 (April 13, 2020): 1048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa057.

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ABSTRACT Background Findings from previous studies on associations between prepregnancy dietary patterns and preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) are limited and inconsistent. Objectives To examine the association between prepregnancy dietary patterns and the risk of preterm birth and LBW. Methods This study included 3422 and 3508 singleton live births from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) for the analyses of preterm birth and LBW, respectively. We included women who were nulliparous and nonpregnant at baseline surveys. We used factor analyses and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score to derive maternal dietary patterns. Four dietary patterns were identified with factor analyses: meats and high-fats; prudent diets; sugar, refined grains, and processed foods; and traditional vegetables. Preterm birth and LBW were assessed using maternal reports from ALSWH data between 2003 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. Results Greater adherence to the traditional vegetables pattern before pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth after adjustments for lifestyle factors and pregnancy complications, highest compared with lowest tertile (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.99) and (RR ratio = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.00), respectively. However, these associations were attenuated by the prepregnancy BMI. No significant associations were observed between prepregnancy dietary patterns and LBW. Conclusion This study suggests that better adherence to the traditional vegetables pattern before pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of preterm birth, particularly spontaneous preterm birth among nulliparous women. This finding warrants further examination.
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43

Covington, Deborah L., D. S. Gates, Barbara Janowitz, R. Israel, and Nancy Williamson. "The hospital environment and infant feeding: results from a five country study." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, S9 (1985): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000025141.

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In recent years both the prevalence and duration of breast-feeding have decreased, especially in urban areas of the developing world (McCann et al., 1981). While the majority of births in these areas continue to be attended by traditional birth attendants, the proportion of mothers giving birth in hospitals is increasing. The potential for hospital personnel and practices to affect infant feeding preferences is likely to increase as the trend towards hospital births continues.
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44

Roberts, Lisa R., and Barbara A. Anderson. "Simulation Learning Among Low Literacy Guatemalan Traditional Birth Attendants." International Journal of Childbirth 7, no. 2 (2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.7.2.67.

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Guatemalan maternal and infant mortality rates remain high, particularly among indigenous populations. In remote areas, traditional birth attendants (TBAs), without formal midwifery education, are frequently the only maternal care providers. We conducted a mixed methods study to evaluate knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 26 TBAs in western Guatemala. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a community-based midwifery training program and to determine how the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of TBAs influence the care provided to indigenous mothers and infants. Themes from 5 key informant interviews included survival of mother and baby, facilitating referrals, and community pressure not to refer. We offered a 2-week simulation-based training designed for low resource settings. Participants completed pre- and posttests and demonstrated midwifery skills. Knowledge scores and objectively measured skills improved significantly. Attitude outcomes included increased endorsement regarding importance of pre- and postnatal visits, recognizing risk/complications, and partnering with medical providers. Potential effects discussed include safe TBA practice, training value, and intent to disseminate learnings in their communities.
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Kamal, I. T. "The traditional birth attendant: a reality and a challenge." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 63 (December 1998): S43—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00183-0.

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Low, Lisa Kane, Holly Scheib, Joanne Motino Bailey, and Emma Sacks. "Challenges for traditional birth attendants in northern rural Honduras." Midwifery 22, no. 1 (March 2006): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2005.03.005.

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Kaingu, Catherine Kaluwa, Jemimah Achieng Oduma, and Titus I. Kanui. "Practices of Traditional Birth Attendants in Machakos District, Kenya." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137, no. 1 (September 2011): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.044.

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Abioye-Kuteyi, E. A., S. O. Elias, A. F. Familusi, A. Fakunle, and K. Akinfolayan. "The role of traditional birth attendants in Atakumosa, Nigeria." Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 121, no. 2 (June 2001): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642400112100214.

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Dadhich, J. P. "The traditional birth attendants - Can we do without them?" Journal of Neonatology 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217920090307.

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Kruske, Sue, and Lesley Barclay. "Effect of Shifting Policies on Traditional Birth Attendant Training." Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 49, no. 4 (July 8, 2004): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.01.005.

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