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1
Graham, Sally. "Traditional birth attendants in Karamoja, Uganda." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298024.
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Mambwe, Esther, and esther membwe@dealin edu au. "Teaching Zambian traditional birth attendants to monitor growth of infants." Deakin University. School of Nutrition and Public Health, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.151734.
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The high infant mortality in Zambia is largely attributable to malnutrition. It is exacerbated by the inability of mothers to recognise threats to nutritional status and take corrective action. Advice in Health Centres is often inaccessible to mothers. The Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) work with pregnant women in local communities, and the purpose of this study was to develop and implement an educationprogram in growth monitoring and nutrition for the TBAs and then to evaluate its effects. Twenty five TBAs from two peri-urban areas of Kitwe were enrolled in this pilot study and eighteen completed the program.
The researcher developed and taught a program to the TBAs over ten days. A pretest was given before the teaching program to enable the researcher to obtain information about the knowledge and skills of the TBAs. Following the teaching program the TBAs were re-tested, with the same questionnaire. Focus groups were conducted to enable the TBA to provide information on the teaching materials and the education program. The TBAs then returned to their communities and put into practice the skills and knowledge they had learned for six months. Their practice was monitored by a trained Public Health Nurse. The researcher also surveyed 38 pregnant women about their knowledge of growth monitoring and nutrition before the TBAs went into the field to work with their local communities. The same questionnaire used with the pregnant women was administered to 38 new mothers with children aged 0 to 6 months to gain information of their knowledge and skills following the work of the TBAs.
The program was evaluated by assessing the extent to which TBAs knowledge and skills were increased, the knowledge and understanding of a selection of their clients and the rates of malnutrition of infants in the area under study.
The results from the research clearly indicated that the teaching program on growth monitoring and nutrition given to the selected group of TBAs had a positive effect on their knowledge and skills. It was found that the teaching developed their knowledge, practical skills, evaluative skills. That they were able to give infants mothers sound advice regarding their childrens nutrition was revealed by the mothers increased knowledge and the decrease in numbers of malnourished children in the study areas at the conclusion of the research.
The major outcomes from the study are: that Zambian TBAs can be taught to carry out an expanded role; field experience is a key factor in the teaching program; making advice available in local communities is important; and preliminary data on the Zambian experience were generated.
Recommendations are: The pilot program should be expanded with continuing support from the Health Department. Similar educational programs should be introduced into other areas of Zambia with support from the Ministry of Health.
That in administering a teaching program: Sufficient time must be allocated to practical work to allow poorly educated women to attain the basic skills needed to master the complex skills required to competently reduce faltering in their communities. The teaching materials to illustrate nutritional principles for feeding programs must be developed to suite locally available foods and conditions. Methods of teaching should suit the local area, for example, using what facilities are locally available. The timing of the teaching program should be suitable for the TBAs to attend. This may vary from area to area, for example it may be necessary to avoid times traditionally given to fetching water or working in the fields. For similar reasons, the venue for the teaching program should be suitable to the TBAs. The teachers should go into the TBAs community rather than causing disruption of the TBAs day by expecting them to go to the teacher.
Data should be collected from a larger group of TBAs and clients to enable sophisticated statistical analysis to complement data from this pilot program.
The TBAs should be given recognition for their work and achievement. This is something which they asked for. They do not ask for payment, rather acknowledgment through regular follow up and approbation.
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Hirsi, Alasa Osman. "Factors influencing the choice of place of child delivery among women in Garissa district, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5288.
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Magister Public Health - MPHAlthough the Kenyan government implemented safe motherhood programme two decades ago, available data indicate that prevalence of home delivery is still high among women in Garissa District. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the factors influencing the choice of place of childbirth. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 224 women who delivered babies two years prior to December 2010. Using a statcalc program in Epi Info 3.3.2, with expected frequency of home delivery at 83% +5% and a 95% confidence level, the calculated sample size was 215. Furthermore, with a 95% response rate the adjusted minimum sample size was 226.There were two none-responses hence 224 women were interviewed. Stratified sampling was used. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. A binary logistic regression analysis using the Enter method was performed to determine independent predictors for use or non-use of healthcare services for childbirth. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The result was presented in text and tables. The study found 67% (n=224) women delivered at home and 33% delivered in hospital. The study found low level of education, poverty, none-attendance of ANC, distance, cost of services, poor quality services, negative attitude towards midwives, experience of previous obstetric complications and decision-making to be significant predictors in home delivery at the bivariate level (p<0.05). The study did not find relationship between age, marital status, religion and place of childbirth (p>0.05). At multivariate level, the following variables were still found to be significant predictors of home delivery: no education OR=8.36 (95% CI; 4.12-17.17), no occupation OR=1.43(95% CI; 1.08–5.49) experience of obstetric complications OR=1.38 (95% CI; 1.15-2.12), none-attendance of antenatal clinic OR=1.11 (95% CI; 1.03–1.51), Rude midwives OR=5.60 (95% CI; 2.66-11.96). Conclusions: high prevalence of home delivery was noted due to lack of education, poverty and inaccessible maternity services hence the need to empower women in education and economy to enhance hospital delivery.
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Mankga, Ramasela Wilhemina. "Language usage in some traditional rituals in Northern Sotho." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1147.
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Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2013Most people feel scared and ashamed when practising their rituals and using the relevant language. The aim of this study is to be an eye opener to make people to change their behaviour and attitude. They should be free to perform their rituals with pride and dignity and regard them as valuable. Qualitative method was used to gather the information and data in this research in which interviews were conducted. Males and females were visited at their homes from villages around Mamehlabe, Ngwanallela, gaSebotse, gaMashashane and only few were quoted. Their responses were transparent in a way that it is clear that the Northern Sotho people have their own way of using language and performing rituals. It is recommended that in the performance of rituals and language usage, a full explanation is needed to accumulate practical implementation. The society at large need to be educated in order to transfer the information to the younger generation.
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Saravanan, Sheela. "Training of traditional birth attendants : an examination of the influence of biomedical frameworks of knowledge on local birthing practices in India." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/19234/.
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Pregnancy and childbirth complications are a leading cause of death and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Worldwide data shows that, by choice or out of necessity, 60 percent of births in the developing world occur outside a health institution and 47 percent are assisted by Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs), family members, or without any assistance at all. This thesis argues that TBAs in India have the capacity to disseminate knowledge of beneficial maternal practices to the community. Since the 1970s the training of TBAs has been one of the primary single interventions encouraged by World Health Organisation (WHO) to address maternal mortality. However, since the 1990s international funding for TBAs has been reduced and the emphasis has shifted to providing skilled birth attendants for all births due to evidence that the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries had not reduced. Researchers have observed that the shift in policy has taken place without adequate evidence of training (in)effectiveness and without an alternative policy in place. This thesis argues further that two main types of birthing knowledge co-exist in India; western biomedicine and traditional knowledge. Feminist, anthropological, and midwifery theorists contend that when two knowledge paradigms exist, western knowledge tends to dominate and claim authority over local ways of knowing. The thesis used such theories, and quantitative and qualitative methods, to assess whether the local TBA training programmes in Ahmednagar District in India have been successful in disseminating biomedical knowledge in relation to the birthing practices of local TBAs and in incorporating local knowledge into the training. The data revealed that some biomedical knowledge had been successfully disseminated and that some traditional practices continue to be practiced in the community. There is a top-down, one-sided imposition of biomedical knowledge on TBAs in the training programme but, at the local level, TBAs and mothers sometimes follow the training instructions and sometime do not, preferring to adapt to the local perceptions and preferences of their community. The thesis reveals the significance of TBA training in the district but queries the effectiveness of not including local TBA practices into the training programmes, arguing this demonstrates the hierarchical authority of biomedicine over local traditional practices. The thesis highlights the significance of community awareness that accompanies TBA training and makes recommendations in order to enhance training outcomes.
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Wong, Rosaline Christina. "The use of traditional medicines and rituals in the prevention and treatment of postnatal depression, among the Kadazan/Dusun and Bajau/Malay communities of East Malaysia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265275.
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Kioke, Sandra Jean. "Revisiting the past, discovering traditional care and the cultural meaning of pregnancy and birth in a Cree community." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45280.pdf.
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Chetelat, Lois J. (Lois June) Carleton University Dissertation Anthropology. "The role of the traditional birth attendant in the delivery of primary health care in Central Java, Indonesia." Ottawa, 1986.
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Ntaba, Jolly Maxwell. "Negotiating family planning radio messages among Malawian rural men of traditional authority Kadewere, Chiradzulo district." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018258.
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Family planning campaigns, using the media among other advocacy interventions, are produced and disseminated by both government and nongovernment organizations in Malawi, with an aim of reducing fertility and promotion of reproductive health. This qualitative audience study looks specifically at the reception by rural men of radio broadcast Public Service Announcements produced by the NGO, Banja La Mtsogolo, a leading provider of family planning services and products based in Blantyre. The aim of the study is to understand how the appropriation of these messages relates to traditional concepts of gender, masculinity and kinship within an area that has not been spared the influences, values and accoutrements of modernity. Underpinned by Hall’s encoding and decoding model, the study reveals that at most men make an oppositional reading of the texts based on their lived and shared cultural experiences. The results show that while people understand and appreciate the importance of family planning, cultural and traditional influences play a major role in how these messages are appropriated by and incorporated into the everyday lives of their listeners. Given the above understandings, the research asks what are the implications for the success of family-planning media campaigns by government and other non-governmental organisations such as Banja La Mtsogolo
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Mupfumira, Rudo. "An assessment of African traditional medicines in pregnancy and on birth outcomes: pharmacists' perceptions of complementary medicines in pregnancy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003256.
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Increasing numbers of medicines are being used by pregnant South African women in the public sector during pregnancy, for the treatment of different biomedical and supernatural disease states and conditions. The motivation for the research is to support the development of more local pregnancy registries in order to strengthen evidence for the safety and efficacy of medicines used in pregnancy. A mixed methods approach was used. Women in their ninth month of pregnancy in a public sector setting, and four community pharmacists were identified. The women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. One in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with each woman before giving birth and data on their pregnancy outcomes were collected after labour. Coincidentally, the mother of one of the participants was found to be a traditional healer. She was also interviewed on the topic. A structured questionnaire was administered to the pharmacists. Ten pregnant women between the ages of 19 to 39 who had used or were using a traditional medicine during the pregnancy were recruited. All the participants had had at least one antenatal check up during their pregnancy with one having attended five times. No abnormal results were reported from any of the check ups or tests done during the visits. All of them had been to school and had at least Standard 8/Grade 10 education. Ten babies were seen between one and four days postpartum and no birth defects were obvious or were reported for any of them. The traditional healer did not provide additional information to what the women had said and confirmed that some of the practices the women reported were known to her as traditional medicine practices. All four pharmacists indicated that they considered complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to be “somewhat effective” and sold them at their pharmacies although none of them were aware of whether or not they were registered with the MCC. None of the pharmacists appeared to have an in-depth knowledge of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines (TCAMs). All four pharmacists said that it is important to have a basic understanding of TCAMs before using them, although they did not agree on the reasons for this. All of them felt that pharmacists have a professional responsibility to provide information on TCAMs (especially herbal preparations) and two felt that providing this information is part of a medical doctors’ responsibility. No harm from taking TCAMs could be shown. However herbal medicines have numerous ingredients some of which are unknown and taking these medicines is risky. The pharmacists in this sample were unsure whether they were accessing unreliable CAM information. Reliable sources of information and reference materials on CAMs to assist pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are needed. The apparent widespread use of TCAM in pregnancy indicates a need for documentation about its efficacy and safety. The establishing of TCAM pregnancy registries should seriously be considered. Due to the increase in CAM use, CAM education during pharmacists’ training as well as continuing professional development (CPD) in CAM for pharmacists in practice should be encouraged.
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Aderinwale, Adetayo Seun. "Well-educated middle class women and their preference for traditional rather than skilled birth attendants in Lagos Nigeria a qualitative study." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8442.
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Master of Public Health - MPHBackground:Theoutcomeofpregnanciesinmanyinstancesislargelypredicatedon availabilityofSkilledBirthAttendants(SBAs).Despitethisphenomenon,illiteracyand financialdisadvantagehavebeenvariouslycitedastwinfactorspromotingtheinterest andpatronageofTraditionalBirthAttendants(TBAs)bywomenfolk.Itistherefore expected thatwomenhavingtertiarylevelofeducationandpossessing adequate economic resources would naturally prefer to use the SBAs.However,these http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ 9 observationshavenotsignificantlyreflected therealityin thechoiceofmaternal healthcareprovidersinNigeriaandthecityofLagosinparticular.Yet,accessto maternalservicesoftheSBAshasbeenwidelyacceptedasoneoftheleadingwaysof loweringmaternalmortality.Therefore,inordertoimprovethepatronageofSBAsand correspondinglylowermaternaldeathrates,itbecomesimperativetounderstandthe rationalebehindthepreferencefortheTBAs’usebywomenwhoarenotordinarily expectedtodosobyvirtueoftheirhighlevelofeducationandgoodfinancialcapacity. Aim:Theaim ofthisstudywastoexploreandunderstandtheexperiences,perception and beliefsystems influencing well-educated,middle income women and their reasoningfortheuseofTraditionalBirthAttendantsratherthanSkilledBirthAttendants fordeliveryservicesinLagos,Nigeria. Methodology:ThisisaqualitativestudyconductedinAlimoshoLocalGovernmentArea ofLagosinNigeria.Tenwomenwithtertiarylevelofeducationandbelongingtomiddle incomeeconomiccategorieswereenrolledasparticipants.Inaddition,itinvolved3 FocusGroupDiscussionscomprising7TraditionalBirthAttendantspergroup. Results:Behaviouraland attitudinalshortcomings by the SBAs;misconceptions regardingsurgicaldeliverybywomen;bureaucraticdelaysandbottlenecksexperienced attheSBAs’centres;thebeliefbythewomenthatpregnancyisasacredandspiritual eventwhichonlytheTBAshaveabilitytomanage;women’sconfidenceintheTBAsas havingbettercapacitytomanagecertaincoexistingmedicalconditionsinpregnancy; andmisinformationonmanagementmodalitiesforcertainconditionslikeinfertilityand fibroidallcombinetoinfluencepreferenceforutilizationofTBAsbywell-educated, middleincomewomeninthestudyarea.
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Dobrá, Simona. "Rodina ve 21. století v krajích a okresech ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165563.
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The thesis is focused on family in the early 21st century in the Czech Republic. The basic objective is to analyze important differences in for-family behaviour (in terms of traditional families) based on selected demographic indicators in regions and districts of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes basic concepts related to family, its functions and changes of the family. Czech families are studied mainly on evidence of selected statistical data published by the Czech Statistical Office. To determine the regional disparities, in approach to the concept of family at the district level, the synthetic indicator T has been designed. In the final part, the economic and social conditions (unemployment, education, etc.) affecting the people's approaches to the concept of family are examined within districts.
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Uny, Isabelle. "Weighing the options for delivery care in rural Malawi : community actors' perceptions of the 2007 policy guidelines and redefined traditional birth attendants' roles." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2017. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7469.
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Despite significant recent improvements, maternal mortality remains high in Malawi. To address this, the Government prioritised strategies promoting skilled birth attendance. However, in a country where 80% of the population resides in rural areas, there are tremendous barriers to institutional deliveries. Historically rural women have been supported in childbirth by Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs), and by skilled birth attendants (SBAs) at the health facility. In the past, TBAs were trained to help bridge the gaps in provision and accessibility of care but in the 1990’s, the WHO recommended halting their training because it was perceived as ineffective for maternal mortality reduction. In 2007, the Government of Malawi issued Community Guidelines to promote skilled birth attendance and banned TBA utilization for routine deliveries. This grounded theory qualitative study used interviews and focus groups to explore community actors’ perceptions of the 2007 Policy Guidelines and their implementation, and how the Policy affected the decisions and actions of rural women regarding their delivery care. Findings from this study indicate that although all actors may agree that delivering at facilities is safest when complications occur, this does not necessarily ensure their compliance. Women, men and TBAs particularly, perceived the Policy as prescriptive. Furthermore, the implementation of the policy aggravated some of the barriers women already faced. Issues of disrespectful and neglectful care at facilities also partly led women towards non-compliance. Furthermore, a view from the ground demonstrated that the Policy had led to a rupture of linkages between TBAs and SBAs, which have had a detrimental effect on the continuum of care. This study helps fill an important gap in research concerning maternal health policy implementation analysis in LICs, by focusing on the perceptions of those at the receiving end of policy change, and on their needs, and aspirations.
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VIEIRA, Cláudia Susana de Lima. "International experiences to increase the use of skilled attendants in contexts where traditional bhirth attends are the primary provider of child birth care: a systematic review." Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/51210.
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Objectivo: A presente revisão sistemática da literatura pretende identificar e compreender melhor, as intervenções implementadas em diversos países, e os respectivos resultados, para aumentar o uso de provedores qualificados, em contextos onde as parteiras tradicionais são os principais provedores de cuidado no parto.
Metodologia: Foram pesquisadas 87 bases de dados electrónicas para a obtenção de referências sobre parteiras tradicionais e obstetrícia. Foram também contactados peritos para a obtenção de mais referências neste tópico. Não foi feita qualquer distinção entre países de baixo, médio ou alto rendimento, ou ano ou estado da publicação. Foram utilizados métodos de revisão sistemática narrativa.
Resultados: A pesquisa electrónica resultou na obtenção de 16.814 referências em 26 das 87 bases de dados pesquisadas. Após a eliminação de duplicados e da aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade a todas as referências, tanto as obtidas das bases de dados electrónicas, como as dos peritos, 19 referências foram incluídas para extracção sistemática de dados, e 91 foram inventariadas por tipo de intervenção em cada país. As referências obtidas reflectem as experiências de 38 países.
A maioria das intervenções descritas nas 19 referências às quais se fez extracção sistemática de dados foram: melhoria no acesso aos serviços através da eliminação de barreiras geográficas e/ou económicas (n= 10) e desenvolvimento e/ou implantação de recursos humanos (n= 6). Para além destas, 2 referências eram relativas a intervenções de sensibilização da comunidade, e 1 era sobre a adaptação cultural dos partos institucionais.
Conclusão: A maioria das referências às quais se fez extracção sistemática de dados relataram estudos que foram considerados de baixa qualidade, com uma variação considerável na qualidade de informação proporcionada. Uma vez que a maioria dos estudos não usou no seu desenho uma distribuição aleatória, foi difícil atribuir com confiança resultados positivos a uma intervenção específica. Contudo, os estudos mostraram resultados positivos para o aumento do uso de atendimento/provedores qualificados e melhorias nos resultados de mortalidade materna, com uma concomitante redução no uso de parteiras tradicionais. No entanto, muitos estudos apontaram uma persistência de desigualdades, e mais atenção precisa de ser dada aos custos de transporte e preferências culturais.
As referências analisadas nesta revisão sistemática da literatura apresentam um segmento de tempo/intervenção e local, e seria útil elaborar uma análise aprofundada dos países, para detectar o impacto destas intervenções na redução de mortes maternas.Objective: The current systematic review intends to identify and better understand the interventions implemented in different countries to increase the use of skilled attendants in contexts where traditional birth attendants are the primary provider of childbirth care, and to summarize the outcomes of the different interventions. Methods: Eighty-seven electronic databases were searched for references on traditional birth attendants and midwifery. Experts in the field were also contacted to request documents related to the topic. No distinction was made between low, middle and high-income countries or publication year or status. Standard narrative systematic review methods were used. Findings: The electronic searches yielded a total of 16,814 references from 26 of the 87 databases. After elimination of dupplicates and the application of the eligibility criteria to all references - from the electronic searches and the experts in the field - 19 references were included for systematic data extraction and 91 references for inventory of the type of intervention and country. These references were from a total of 38 countries. Of the 19 references from which data was systematically extracted, the majority of interventions described were: improvement of access to services by removing geographical and/or financial barriers (n= 10) and human resources development and/or deployment (n= 6). Following these, 2 references were about a community advocacy intervention and 1 reference was about cultural adaptation of institutional childbirths. Conclusion: The majority of the included references for systematic data extraction reported studies which were considered of low quality with considerable variation in the quality of reporting. Since most studies did not use random allocation in their design it was difficult to confidently attribute positive outcomes to an individual intervention itself. Nonetheless, the studies reviewed showed positive results for increased use of skilled attendance/attendants and improved maternal mortality outcomes, with a concomitant reduction in the use of traditional birth attendants. However many studies noted that inequities persist and more attention needs to be given to transport costs and cultural preferences. The references analysed in this systematic review present a snapshot of a time/intervention and place and it would be useful to produce in depth country profiles to see the impact of these interventions on maternal deaths reduction.
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Mahwasane, Mutshinyani Mercy. "Tsenguluso ya ndeme ya u thuswa ha nwana nga ndila ya Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1239.
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Thesis (MA. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012Ngudo ino yo sengulusa ndeme ya u thusa ṅwana ho sedzwa nḓila ya Tshivenḓa, sa izwi maitele aya a tshi khou ngalangala musalauno. Ngudo iyi yo sumbedza uri u thusiwa hu kha ḓi vha hone naho mathusele a hone o fhambana, sa izwi zwi tshi bva kha thendelano ya muṱa. Ho wanala uri kha muthuso hu shumiswa vhathu vhofhambanaho u fana na vhomaine, vhakegulu, vhafunzi kana ha tou rengwa mishonga ine ya shumiswa kha u thusa ṅwana. Ngudo yo dovha ya sumbedza mvelelo mmbi dza u sa thusa ṅwana na mvelelo mbuya dza u thusa ṅwana.
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Singal, Robert L. "The role of traditional birth attendants in the prevention of mother to child transmission: a case study of the New Community Health Worker National Strategy of Zambia." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12849.
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Thesis (Dr.P.H)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Background The Ministry of Health in Zambia is implementing a National Community Health Worker Strategy to improve health care access using a new cadre of community health assistants (CHAs). The strategy does not include traditional birth attendants (TBAs), an existing health care resource in the community. This case study examined how TBAs can work with CHAs to provide prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services to pregnant women and infants in rural areas within this new health worker strategy. Methods Using the case study methodology, this study analyzed multiple sources of data including published and unpublished literature, program documents and key informant interviews. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with policy makers and community field workers involved with TBAs and community health workers providing PMTCT services in rural Zambia. Methodological triangulation was used to synthesize information and compare themes across different sources to gather various perspectives and provide additional insights into the topic. Results In the absence of trained facility-based health care workers, TBAs often provide antenatal and delivery services. Acknowledging the limited provision of care for pregnant women in the CHA Strategy, respondents pointed to the potential role of CHAs in assisting with deliveries. Emphasis was placed on the importance of TBAs to reduce barriers between the home and the formal health system. TBAs and CHAs have complementary skills that can be used in partnership to provide PMTCT services. Conclusions With standardized trainings, TBAs can play a supportive role in providing PMTCT services within the new community health structure. TBAs and CHAs can assist with deliveries and provide PMTCT services at the health facility and at home. TBAs can accompany CHAs to navigate family and gender dynamics and provide home-based adherence, breastfeeding education and support, and referrals. A new incentives model for TBAs has the potential to increase facility births and engage the volunteer cadre in playing a supportive role to the CHAs. This task-shifting and sharing model, using TBAs and CHAs, can improve maternal health services by strengthening the link between the community and the facility and integrating, rather than excluding the traditional health care system.
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Dagogo, Lauretta Dataribo. "The traditional birth attendant versus the hospital : a study of factors which contribute to the choices made by pregnant women in obstetric services utilization in Post-Harcourt, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243633.
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Mathole, Thubelihle. "Whose Knowledge Counts? : A Study of Providers and Users of Antenatal Care in Rural Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6251.
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Cochran, David Maurice. "Revolutionary antislavery birth of an American prophetic tradition /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331247.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 23, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4379. Adviser: John L. Lucaites.
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Ukwu, Susan Adaku. "Association of Health Facility Delivery and Risk of Infant Mortality in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7439.
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Infant mortality (IM) incidence in health facility systems during or after infant delivery is
substantially high in Nigeria. In this quantitative, cross-sectional study, the effects of skill
birth attendants (SBAs), prenatal care, and providers of prenatal care on IM in health
facility delivery centers were examined. The Mosley and Chen theoretical framework
informed this study and was used to explain the relationship between SBAs, prenatal
care, and providers of prenatal care and IM. One hundred and sixty infant deaths were
examined among mothers who used an SBA versus those who did not, mothers who had
prenatal care versus those without, and mothers who received prenatal care from a health
facility versus traditional providers. The 2014 verbal and social autopsy secondary data
set was analyzed using binary logistic regression technique. There was no significant
difference in risk of IM between mothers who had SBA during infant delivery in health
facility compared to those without SBA during delivery. Mothers who received prenatal
care had a significant higher risk of infant death in a health facility compared to those that
did not receive prenatal care. Mothers who received prenatal care from traditional
providers did not have a statistically significant risk of IM compared to mothers who
received prenatal care from a health facility. The findings could have positive social
change implications by encouraging multilevel public health stakeholders to support and
promote the use of health surveillance in understanding the barriers and challenges of
health facility delivery practices, prenatal care, and use of SBA as it relates to IM to
facilitate policy change in maternal and infant care practices in Nigeria.
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Rööst, Mattias. "Pre-hospital Barriers to Emergency Obstetric Care : Studies of Maternal Mortality and Near-miss in Bolivia and Guatemala." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112481.
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Maternal mortality is a global health concern but inequalities in utilization of maternal health care are not clearly understood. Severe morbidity (near-miss) is receiving increased attention due to methodological difficulties in maternal mortality studies. The present thesis seeks to increase understanding of factors that impede utilization of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in Bolivia and Guatemala. Studies I and IV employed qualitative interviews to explore the role of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and the care-seeking behaviour of women who arrived at hospital with a near-miss complication. Studies II–III documented maternal mortality and near-miss morbidity at the hospital level and investigated the influence of socio-demographic factors and antenatal care (ANC) on near-miss upon arrival. The studies identified unfamiliarity with EmOC among TBAs and a lack of collaboration with formal care providers. A perception of being dissociated from the health care system and a mistrust of health care providers was common among near-miss women from disadvantaged social backgrounds. In the Bolivian setting, 187 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and 50 cases of near-miss per 1000 were recorded. Causes of near-miss differed from those of maternal deaths. Most women with near-miss arrived at hospital in critical condition: severe preeclampsia, complications after childbirth at home and abortions were mostly encountered among them. Lack of ANC, low education, and rural residence were interactively associated with near-miss. ANC reduced socio-demographic differentials for near-miss. Complementing maternal mortality reviews with data on near-miss morbidity increases the understanding of priority needs and quality of maternal health care. Additionally, focusing on near-miss upon arrival was found useful in exploring pre-hospital barriers to EmOC. The findings identified subgroups of women who seemed especially vulnerable to pre-hospital barriers. They also underscored the need for initiatives to reduce the effect of social marginalization and to acknowledge the influential role of formal and informal care providers on the utilization of EmOC.La mortalidad materna es un tema de inquietud global, sin embargo la comprensión de las desigualdades en la utilización de los servicios de salud materna es limitada. La morbilidad obstétrica severa (near-miss) está recibiendo creciente atención, producto de problemas metodológicos en los estudios de mortalidad materna. El objetivo de la presente tesis es aumentar la comprensión de factores que impiden la utilización de la atención obstétrica de emergencia en Bolivia y Guatemala. Los estudios I y IV usaron metodologías cualitativas en un esfuerzo por explorar el rol de las parteras tradicionales y las estrategias de las mujeres que arriban a los hospitales con una morbilidad obstétrica severa. Los estudios II–III documentaron la mortalidad materna y la morbilidad obstétrica severa en el marco hospitalario e investigaron el impacto de los factores socio-demográficos y el control prenatal en la llegada a los establecimientos de salud con complicaciones severas. Los estudios identificaron la falta de familiaridad con atención obstétrica de emergencia entre las parteras tradicionales y la falta de cooperación con los profesionales de salud formales. La sensación de estar distanciadas del sistema de salud y la desconfianza hacia los profesionales de la salud eran aspectos comunes entre las mujeres de sectores marginales con experiencias de complicaciones severas. En el contexto boliviano, 187 muertes maternas por cada 100,000 nacidos vivos y 50 casos de morbilidad obstétrica severa por cada 1000 fueron registradas. Las causas de la morbilidad obstétrica severa y las muertes maternas se distinguieron. La major parte de las mujeres con morbilidad obstétrica severa llegaron al hospital en condiciones críticas: preeclampsia severa, complicaciones después de partos domiciliarios y abortos eran causas más frecuentes en esta categoría. Combinaciones del bajo nivel de educación con la falta de controles prenatales o la residencia en zonas rurales fueron asociadas con la morbilidad obstétrica severa. El control prenatal redujo diferencias socio-demográficas en lo concerniente a la morbilidad obstétrica severa. La complementación de estudios de mortalidad materna con datos sobre morbilidad obstétrica severa aumenta la comprensión de las prioridades y de la calidad en la atención de la salud materna. Además, centrándose en la morbilidad obstétrica severa a la llegada al establicimiento de salud, ha sido útil para investigar las barreras pre-hospitalarias en relación a la atención de emergencia obstétrica. Los resultados permiten identificar categorías específicas de mujeres que parecen ser especialmente vulnerables a las barreras pre-hospitalarias. Los resultados, también subrayan la necesidad de iniciativas que reduzcan los efectos de la marginalización social, y que reconozcan el importante rol que tanto el personal de salud formal como informal cumplen en la utilización de los servicios de atención obstétrica de emergencia.
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Machado, Silvia de Ambrosis Pinheiro. "Canção de ninar brasileira: aproximações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-28082012-124302/.
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A definição mais imediata para canção de ninar, uma das várias denominações brasileiras para este gênero poético-musical, é estabelecida por sua finalidade: canção feita para adormecer criança pequena; uma definição funcional,portanto. A análise do conteúdo poético e da forma destas canções permite identificar os elementos imprescindíveis à sua composição e eficácia estética, ampliando tal conceito. Desta maneira, a canção de ninar pode ser considerada um dos primeiros objetos culturais a que o ser humano é exposto. O medo da morte (perdas, despedidas, separações), presente nos cuidados maternos, paternos e de outros adultos com as crianças pequenas, especialmente com os recém-nascidos, penetra as canções de ninar em diferentes culturas, expressando-se em vários elementos, inclusive em suas figuras de terror. A esta linha interpretativa, substancializada por constatações advindas de uma prática clínica de atendimento psicológico às famílias de recém-nascidos, foi acrescida outra de caráter mais sociológico: o estudo de alguns textos de canções de ninar tradicionais brasileiras revelou elementos dos encontros e desencontros étnico-culturais dos diferentes povos que formaram a nação brasileira. O traço de terror, geralmente compreendido como medida disciplinar para o sono, aparece acentuado nas nossas canções também porque se origina em um ambiente colonial, escravocrata, contaminado por ameaças e hostilidades. Junto a vestígios de horror apareceram também traços de resistência e preservação cultural das etnias indígenas e negras; como se as canções de ninar fossem veículos propícios ao transporte resguardado de elementos fundamentais da cultura dos grupos humanos colonizados ou escravizados. As pesquisas e reflexões de Mário de Andrade e o estudo de acalantos compostos por artistas brasileiros contemporâneos permitiram conhecer e delinear melhor este gênero: o contexto que o origina, seu tom melancólico, sua forma curta e repetitiva, o uso da sonoridade nasal hum e da vogal u. Por sua qualidade artística, o acalanto pode revigorar o ambiente cultural que cerca o nascimento e a infância. Neste sentido, ele é potencialmente humanizador. O ambiente cultural é tão fundamental e delimitador da experiência humana quanto o ambiente físico e emocional (familiar ou institucional). Cuidar do surgimento das palavras, da sua afinação com a experiência vivida, de seu vigor e sentido; cuidar da experiência inicial com a palavra é condição para o desenvolvimento pleno deste ser de linguagem que é o homem. Assim, redimensiona-se neste estudo o conceito de puericultura que passa a abranger também as ações de cultivo da palavra e da poesia com a criança pequena.The most immediate definition of lullaby, only one among several Brazilian denominations for this poetic-musical genre, is determined by its main purpose: a song intended for little children to fall asleep, a functional definition, therefore. The analysis of the poetical content and of the form of these songs allows us to identify the essential elements of their aesthetic composition and effectiveness, broadening such concept. Thus, the lullaby may be considered one of the first cultural objects that the human being is exposed to. The fear of death (losses, farewells, separations), present in the cares given by mothers, fathers and other grown-ups to little children, especially newborn babies, permeates the lullabies in different cultures, expressing itself in many elements, including its terror figures. To this interpretative line, based on observations derived from the practice of psychological assistance to the families of newborn babies, another one of a more sociological nature has been added: the study of some texts extracted from traditional Brazilian lullabies has revealed elements of the ethnic-cultural matches and mismatches of the different cultures that shaped the Brazilian nation. The element of terror, generally understood as a disciplinary measure for sleeping, is highlighted in our songs because it also has its origin in a colonial slave-based environment, contaminated by threats and hostilities. Along with the vestiges of horror, there have arisen traces of resistance and cultural preservation of black and indigenous ethnic groups, as if the lullabies had been proper conducive vehicles to the hedged transportation of fundamental elements of the culture of the colonized or enslaved human groups. The researches carried out by Mario de Andrade, as well as his reflections, and the study of lullabies composed by contemporary Brazilian artists allowed the better understanding and outline of this genre: the context where it comes from, its melancholic tone, its short and repetitive form, the use of the nasal sonority \'hum\' and the vowel \'u\'. For its artistic value, the lullaby can be quite refreshing for the cultural environment surrounding birth and childhood. In this sense, it is potentially humanizing.The cultural environment is as important and delimiting for human experience as the physical and emotional environment (familiar or institutional). Caring about the arising of new words, their affinity to the life experience, their vitality and sense; caring about the initial experience with words is a condition for the full development of this language-based being, the man. Hence, in this study, the concept of childcare is resized so as also to include the actions of cultivation of word and poetry with the little child.
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FitzHerbert, Solomon George Ignatius. "The birth of Gesar : narrative diversity and social resonance in the Tibetan epic tradition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496448.
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Midgen, Melissa Jane. "The child analytic tradition of the Society of Analytical Psychology : birth, death and beyond." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/6392/.
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This thesis seeks to chart the creation, development and eventual demise of the child analytic training of The Society of Analytical Psychology (SAP), the foremost Jungian Society in the UK. The brainchild of the Society's founding director, Michael Fordham, the creation of the child training drew on the talents and persistence of many committed individuals. Through oral history interviews and archival research I weave together a narrative that will serve as testament to this achievement and offer first hand recollections for posterity. Through these sources the narrative also explores the difficulties that the training faced and which ultimately led to its eventual demise. Additionally I interrogate the current status of this tradition of child analysis and ask the question whether or not the tradition continues to exist and if so in what ways; I conclude that currently the tradition can only be said to exist in an attenuated form and that the future is bleak. In the course of the thesis I locate the SAP training within the development more generally of child analytic provision within the UK, the relationship of that to the child guidance movement and to the psychoanalytic diaspora, which made it possible. I describe the current obstacles faced by the child p sychotherapy discipline as well as psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the NHS.
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Brecht-Drouart, Birte [Verfasser], Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Schröter, and Vivienne [Akademischer Betreuer] Angeles. "The influence of the national question and the revival of tradition on gender issues among Maranaos in the Southern Philippines : between re-traditionalization and islamic resurgence / Birte Brecht-Drouart. Gutachter: Susanne Schröter ; Vivienne Angeles. Betreuer: Susanne Schröter." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044276061/34.
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Widén, Anita. "Roten till det onda : en studie i häxmotiv, kvinnlig sexualitet, husmoderlighet och moderlighet i Ulla Isakssons historiska roman Dit du icke vill." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1819.
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Ulla Isaksson (1916 – 2000) wrote many novels, often with a woman or several women as protagonists. In Dit du icke vill (“Where Thou Willst Not”) from 1956 she depicts a crisis of faith in a woman, which would not have been successful had she chosen a contemporary setting. She uses an adequate historical framework, the prosecution of witches in Sweden in the 17th century, well documented in reliable sources. Her novel includes a message about oppression of women, manifest in patriarchal ambition to control ancient wisdom about healing and herbs and the denial of pre-Christian habits that include knowledge about female fertility, earlier exercised by midwives and wise women and men.
In “The Root of Evil” the novel is placed in a feminist tradition, where the author, like older writers like Fredrika Bremer, Ellen Key and Elin Wägner, pleads for “social mothering”. A major difference is that, in her own life, Ulla Isaksson has experienced pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding which none of the pioneering Swedish feminist writers had. Emilia Fogelklou, pioneering theologian, wrote about witches as wise women, a study that influenced Ulla Isaksson. The witches are described as mirroring Hanna “the Good Mother”. Their fantasies about life at “Blåkulla” are similar to the everyday life at a wealthy farmstead. This kind of mirroring reminds of the theories of Gilbert and Gubar, who assume that female writers in the 19th Century hid their revolt against patriarchy in mad women, like “The Madwoman in the Attic” in Jane Eyre. In the 1950s, golden age of the Swedish housewife, a female writer might well hide her anger at the circumscribed role model dedicated to women in a similar use of Anti-Women. The real witches clearly contrast the obedient protagonist, a true “Angel in the house”.
The villagers´ struggle to clear the ground from the ensnaring roots that hinder the male prosecution of witches imply a symbolic reading: this evil root is ancient matriarchal knowledge of childbearing and birth control. A theory on the original causes for the witch hunts in western Europe is introduced: the population sank in the 15th century and one reason, beside plagues, starvation and warfare, was that women aware of how to prevent childbearing and giving birth to a lot of children were killed during the witch hunt. Churches and kings introduced the prosecution of witches and wise women, including midwives.
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Shieh, Yu-Ping, and 謝玉萍. "A Study on the Traditional Kinmen Birth Custom." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6e96ng.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
應用中國文學系碩士在職專班
93
Abstract This paper is to discuss the local birth custom during the period from 1900 to 1990 and takes the 4 towns-- Kincheng town, Kinhu town, Kinsha town and Kinning town in Kinmen as the main study area. Traditionally Han people attach great importance on carrying on the ancestral line and family continuation, a set of birth customs have been formed during thousands of years’ development. However, along with the change of time and progress of science and technology, some traditional birth taboos are accused as ridiculous in progressive eyes; and the traditional custom of the newborn baby celebration has been gradually forgotten along with the busy life full of industrial, commercial and scientific activities. As people care nothing about the overelaborate formalities in the customs oftraditional life, the author deems that it is necessary to record the disappearing custom through collecting and compiling the related data and carrying out a field survey, which is also a good method to seek the original facts. The wide variety of data, the actual collection of the data, and first-hand investigation bring more local features to this paper. This paper will take “A Study on Traditional Kinmen Birth Custom” as the subject and will divide it into 8 chapters. Chapter One: Exordium. It first, describes the research motivation, purpose, scope, literature discussion, and research method, in order to help readers to understand the paper and the birth custom in Kinmen. Chapter Two: Gods of birth. It will mainly introduce the goddesses related to child birth including Kwan-yin, Chusheng Niangniang (child birth goddess), Matsu, Chih-Niang Ma (goddess who protects children), and Bed Mother Goddess. Chapter Three: Son-impetrating custom. It will discuss the son-impetrating custom included in activities before and during wedding ceremonies, and son-impetrating necromancy after long-time sterility or after giving birth to several girls without a son. Chapter Four: Fetus goddess, prenatal culture and taboos. It will discuss the influence of pregnant women’s words and deeds on the fetus and the taboos related to pregnancy. Chapter Five: Customs before and after childbirth. It aims to study the taboos during childbearing, the limit of confinement care, and the caucuses of infanticide. Chapter Six: Growing customs. It will study such customs as the name giving method, 12th day, fetal hair cut time, the first full month, the fourth month, the one full year of life, etc. Chapter Seven: Customs and taboos for child care. This chapter will mainly introduce folk customs such as calming down frightened children, acknowledging nominal parents, and driving away evil spirits. Chapter Eight: Conclusion. This chapter will conclude the keystones of the discussions in previous chapters, expatiate the author’s expectations for the folk customs.
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Levitt, Marta Joan. "From sickles to scissors : birth, traditional birth attendants and perinatal health development in rural Nepal." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9328.
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Liou, Shu-Jhen, and 劉淑貞. "A Study on the Traditional Hakka Birth Custom in Liudui Area." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82946633151764923854.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
客家文化產業研究所
104
In recent years, the preservation of cultural heritage has become an important topic across the world. In the Emperor Kangxi eras of Qing Dynasty, Hakka people arrived in Pingtung, settled down on this fertile flatland, and multiplied their descendents for nearly three centuries. With a strong passion for their ancestral line and historical heritage, Hakka people have created a fascinating birth custom combined with local history as time passed by. With the rapid changes of society, however, people start to overlook the complicated formalities that have been observed by their ancestors for generations. Just like all other complicated formalities, the birth custom is likely to be forgotten sooner or later. As a Hakka descendent, the author has a strong sense of mission to preserve Hakka culture and to record the rites of procreation as well as the nurturing culture that belong to Hakka people, allowing the valuable Hakka cultural heritage to pass down from generation to generation. The author examined the traditional birth custom in Liudui with emphasis on pregnancy, birth, gestation, and baby’s new full year of life. Using qualitative in-depth interviews, the author gathered and recorded the data related to the traditional birth custom that is known to local residents in Liudui, followed by discussions based on documentary analysis, material object analysis, and birth custom theorems in an attempt to find out the uniqueness of the traditional birth custom as well as the cultural implications behind it, and with the findings stated above, the author examined how the birth custom is transformed, inherited, and preserved in today’s society. In conclusion, the author identified the implications and values of Liudui birth custom as follows: 1.Hakka people maintain a heartfelt respect for their traditional culture, clans, and ancestors. The respect is manifested by their lofty belief in the birth custom that features “Reverence to ancestors and adherence to the roots.” Hakka people attribute the birth of boys to their ancestors’ help, offer Three Sacrifices (poultry, fish, and hog) and fruits as a gift to their ancestors, and thank the ancestors for the birth of boys. Offerings are presented to ancestors in many occasions, for example, in the “bathing baby” ceremony on the third day after the baby was born, in the “full month” ceremony, and in the “baby’s one-year old” ceremony. On the tomb-sweeping day, Hakka people burn incense and offer Sindingban (literally new birth cake) at the graves of their ancestors to comfort the spirits of the deceased and to pray for the peace and prosperity of their children and grandchildren. 2.Hakka birth custom stresses patriarchy, prosperity of descendent groups, and kinship inheritance. People follow the male-preference tradition in many ways. For example, people pray for having boys instead of having girls, people worship ancestors when boys are born, only boys are allowed to be named under the families’ generational system, people in Meinung Town of Kaohsiung send Ginger Ale to friends and relatives on the 12th day after boys are born, and people prepare different birthday gifts according to babies’ genders because they prefer sons to daughters. With the increasing women’s rights in recent years, however, many people have arranged Bai Sin Ding festivals (literally celebration of the new birth) to celebrate the birth of girls. 3.The respect for the gods of heaven and earth is a part of the birth custom. People pray to gods to protect their babies in all birth stages, such as the prayer for having boys, the prayer for a safe pregnancy, and the prayer for safe delivery of babies. It is interesting to note that Liudui regional features are seen in the offerings prepared for the gods, such as discoid flowers as well as the red threads in women’shair-coils. 4.In the early days, people were short of medical and science knowledge, and believed in many contraindications associated with the birth custom. Birth was very important but medical equipment was underdeveloped and insufficient to serve the birth needs. People had to believe in the fetal gods and deities for the safety of puerpera and fetus. The belief in deities was intended for the safety of puerpera and fetus. Yet, many contraindications were created along with the belief. To ensure safe pregnancy, safe delivery of babies, and safe postpartum care, pregnant women were prohibited from doing certain things for a number of “mysterious” reasons. The birth custom in Liudui Hakka community represents the wisdoms passing down from Hakka ancestors, signifies Hakka cultural essence, and serves as an iconic cultural heritage in Taiwan. Based on the discussions stated above, the author presents tangible recommendations as follows: 1.To integrate local cultural teaching activities into curriculum in order to inherit the birth custom, allowing schoolchildren to learn how to respect lives and how to interact with the other affectively so as to create a harmonious society, 2.To preserve the birth custom using digital means and to exhibit the digitalized birth custom to the general public, to produce documentary films for public viewing, allowing Hakka culture to be preserved and promoted one step further, and. 3.To renovate and energize the birth custom relics, incorporating the relics into all kinds of totems featuring “pursuing good fortunes and avoiding disasters,” and integrating the totems into daily necessities, clothing and ornaments, allowing the best wishes accompanied by the birth custom to be seen in the clothes and stationeries so as to promote the beauty of Hakka culture and to create the cultural business opportunities for Liudui Hakka community.
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Hoban, Elizabeth. "We're safe and happy already: traditional birth attendants and safe motherhood in a Cambodian rural commune." 2002. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8548.
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The central concern of this study is the social, cultural and political position of traditional birth attendants (TBA), known as yiey maap (grandmother midwives) in Chup Commune (pseudonym). In particular, this study explores strategies yiey maap use to negotiate or bypass Western model health services in an attempt to maintain their personal integrity and cultural capital as birth attendants, and to ensure the physical, emotional, economic and cultural safety of the woman they care for.This thesis explores traditional maternity knowledges and practices using ethnographic methods to investigate the central issues, concerns and barriers confronting rural woman as they make choices to adapt, resist or negotiate Western maternity care. It is vital to consider historical, political, cultural and economic factors that influence women's decisions in order to understand how and why women hold onto or surrender their traditional childbirth knowledges and practices, including the preservation of yiey maap, their favoured birth attendant.
Safe Motherhood initiatives were introduced into resource-poor countries by the World Health Organization in 1987 with the goal of reducing maternal mortality rates. They were based on the premise that pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care were safer when provided by skilled birth attendants in a modern health facility. TBAs were not considered skilled birth attendants by Safe Motherhood partner agencies, as training and utilizing TBAs in Safe Motherhood initiatives did not have a measurable impact on maternal mortality rates. Instead, TBAs' roles have been recast, and TBAs are expected to be health promoters and educators, referral agents and information gatherers.
I argue that Khmer women do not engage with the modern health system because it is unfamiliar and expensive, and health personnel provide poor quality care. Instead, in times of obstetric emergencies, women attempt to negotiate their own and their family's safety through personal autonomy and agency.
I conclude by proposing alternative approaches and strategies, including the increased utilisation of yiey maap in Cambodian Safe Motherhood programs. A central question is whether the Ministry of Health, supported by bilateral and multilateral agencies, should train and utilize yiey maap or midwives in maternity care. I argue that both are of equal importance. Until yiey maap are valued for their contribution to, and enjoy equitable inclusion in midwifery care, initiatives that involve yiey maap as program "extras", who undertake peripheral tasks, will not reduce maternal mortality rates.
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Pfister, Linda. "Traditional Lao birth practices and their implications for improving maternal and child health services." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20956872.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-97).
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Makoae, Lucia Nthabiseng. "The role of traditional birth attendants in the provision of maternal health in Lesotho." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17308.
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A descriptive quantitative study was undertaken in the Leribe and Butha-buthe
northern districts of Lesotho. Thirty-six trained, twenty-four untrained TBAs and
nine nurses involved in training TBAs were recruited.
In line with research by Clarke and Lephoto (1989:3) the TBAs were elderly
females who had children of their own. In contrast with the MOH (1993: 10)
where TBAs were found to be illiterate, most (93%) of the TBAs in this study had
at least a primary education.
The art of primary midwifery was learned through assisting with a delivery and
being taught by mothers or mothers-in-law. The public health nurses conduct
formal training ofTBAs in Lesotho over a period of two weeks, where subjects
like ante-natal care, delivery of the baby and post- natal care are addressed.
The majority (78.8%) provide antenatal care at their homes or the home of the
mother. This includes palpation, history taking, and abdominal massage and
health education. An important role is identifying women at risk. During
labour the progress of labour is monitored and care is given to the mother and
baby post-natally. Trained TBAs could identify women at risk more readily than
untrained TBAs. Cases referred most frequently were prolonged labour and
retained placenta. Trained TBAs practiced hygiene more often and gave less
herbs than untrained TBAs.
The health care system is providing support to the TBAs through training and
supervision, but was found to be inadequate. Community leaders are involved in
the selection of TBAs for training. Regular meetings are held with the TB As to
discuss problems. Communication is one of the problems the TB As have to face,
because of the long distances from health care centres. A lack of infrastructure
and supplies is also of concern.
It can be concluded that TBAs play an important role in maternal health care in
Lesotho and are supported to a lesser degree by the health care system, which
causes problems for the TBAs in their practices.
It is recommended that the ministry of health becomes more aware of the need for
training TBAs and that a programme for training should be more appropriate,
taking cultural practices into account.Advanced Nursing Science
D.Lit. et Phil.
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Kahlon, Neena Rosey. "Traditional birth attendent(DAI) and auxiliary nurse midwife:A comparative analysis of their roles in Punjab villages." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4251.
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CHEN, ZAO-LIANG, and 陳肇樑. "The Impact of Lower Birth Rate on The Human Resources Development Strategy of Traditional Manufacturing Industry." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7b2vq.
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碩士逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職學位學程
106
The foundation of the economy is still based on traditional industries and industries, based on manufacturing. Only in this way can other products such as sales, finance, and even import and export trade be brought. Therefore, manufacturing is the foundation of a country's national strength, and machinery and equipment manufacturing is the foundation of the foundation. Among them, the gear is the mother of industry and is an indispensable key component for transmission equipment. However, the low birthrate reduces the supply of the labor market, which results in a decrease in labor productivity and is not conducive to industrial competition. Therefore, the most direct impact of declining birthrate is the lack of work in various industries, among which the traditional manufacturing and processing industry is the most disadvantaged. The K company is a small-scale gear manufacturing plant in Taiwan. Under such circumstances, what is the impact of its human resources strategy development? This study analyzes the environment in which K company is located, and takes the German manufacturing industry as an example to find a solution that can solve the problem of missing workers. According to the data collected, the treatment and benefits provided by Taiwan’s traditional manufacturing and processing industry are far behind the needs of the younger generation. So that it can not attract young people to enter the industry and cause lack of work. Since the birthrate is an irreversible trend and the younger generation does not like to engage in traditional manufacturing and processing. Therefore, the solution to absenteeism is how to attract the younger generation, that is, how to create the working environment, treatment, and welfare that the younger generation prefers. To provide a good working environment, treatment, and benefits, the company must have sufficient capabilities. However, the impact of absenteeism has already arisen. This study proposes solutions:Short-term :foreign workers, automation + robots replace shortages; outsourcing;alliance with industry strategy.Medium term :improve the working environment;increase salary; the establishment of the apprenticeship system;increased levels of technology; increased sense of employee achievement; internal entrepreneurship. Long-term:industrial transformation; establish a new image of the industry; Improve the social status of professional and technical personnel. Keywords: Low birth rate、Traditional manufacturing industry、Human Resources
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Flomo-Jones, Dedeh Helen. "The practice of the traditional birth attendants during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum period in rural South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4273.
Full textAbstract:
This study was undertaken to investigate the practice of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. The overall goal of this study was to promote safe motherhood. This study was conducted in Abaqulusi, a sub-district of KwaZulu-Natal, Zululand Health District 26, in four rural communities. A descriptive design with structured interview schedule guided the process. A convenient sample of forty-eight actively practicing trained Traditional Birth Attendants and forty-eight mothers attended by these Traditional Birth Attendants were interviewed. Of these 48 TBAs 47 were women, and one interestingly, was a man. Their age range was from 20 to over 70. Fifty percent of the mothers attended by the TBAs were between 15 and 24 years old. This finding is significant because the result shows that most of the mothers who are attended and delivered by TBAs are a high risk group. Data generated was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The study revealed that the TBAs attended the mothers during the pregnancy, labor, and postpartum periods. All TBAs examined mothers with their hands, gave education on the importance of good nutrition, child spacing, and follow up care. The study showed that during labor 100 % of TBAs deliver babies on the floor with an old blanket, in the lithotomy position and encouraged the mother to empty her bladder before and during labor. They wore gloves or plastic bags. They examined mothers before delivery was done. They measured the umbilical cord, tied it with string and cut it. They cleaned the baby's mouth, nose, and eyes with a clean cloth, and wrapped the baby up and put it near the mother. They delivered the placenta, checked it to see if all was out. They washed the mother and put her on her bed. During the postpartum period, 100 % of the TBAs visited the mother at her home for one week to assess and care for the mother and her baby. The TBAs examined the mother, checked the umbilical cord and bathed the baby. They educated the mother about breastfeeding, caring for her breast, and eating balanced meals to produce adequate breast milk. The study revealed that the mothers perceived the TBAs as caring. The mothers loved the TBAs because the TBAs were easily accessible, even at night. The conclusion reached in this study is that TBAs are of great value to the rural communities of South Africa. They need to be supported by the health professionals so thal tbeir practice can be recognized. They form part of the maternal and child health care. Their practice is indispensable.Thesis (M.N.)-University of Natal,Durban, 2004.
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Banda, Evelyn Chitsa. "Stakeholders' perceptions of the changing role of traditional birth attendants in the rural areas of central Wets zone, Malawi: a mixed methods study." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Introduction: In 2007, the Ministry of Health in Malawi issued a directive banning
traditional birth attendants (TBAs) from delivering mothers and ordered all mothers to
access skilled birth attendants in health facilities (MoH, 2007b). Anecdotal reports
showed that the influx of pregnant mothers to the health facilities resulted in mothers
delivering on make shift beds on the floor and sometimes without the assistance of the
skilled provider. The badly stretched health care system continues to force mothers to
deliver with the assistance of TBAs who have gone underground for fear of being fined.
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to explore stakeholders’
perceptions of the changing role of TBAs in order to obtain a greater breadth of
understanding of the reasons why home births persist in the rural areas of Central West
Zone (CWZ), Malawi.
Methods: The study employed a mixed method concurrent triangulation design in which
24 health facilities in the districts of Ntcheu, Dedza, Lilongwe and Mchinji, in CWZ,
Malawi were included. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to select
24 health facilities that provide Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care
(BEmONC) services in rural areas of CWZ. A randomly selected sample was used to
collect quantitative data from mothers, using an interview schedule. These were
mothers (n=144) who had come to access maternal and neonatal health care but had
previously sought the help of a TBA to deliver. A total of 55 nurse midwives who
worked in the 24 health facilities and who were available and willing to participate
responded to a structured interview schedule. Quantitative data were analyzed using
SPSS version 19. Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs)
with TBAs (n=4 FGDs, with 6-7 respondents in each discussion group) who lived in the
catchment areas of the selected BEmONC sites. Single in- depth interviews were
conducted with TBA trainers (n=10) in the districts and health professionals (n=12) from
the Ministry of Health and Nurses and Midwives Council of Malawi. Data were analyzed
manually.
Findings: The findings showed that the moratorium on TBAs was implemented without
consultation with the relevant stakeholders and as a result, many mothers in rural areas
continued to seek the services of TBAs. Untrained TBAs took advantage of the
opportunity and together with some trained TBAs who were afraid of punishment went
underground to practice. Maternal and neonatal health care in BEmONC facilities were
deficient as the health care system struggled with challenges such as the lack of
adequate and humane accommodation for waiting mothers, critical shortages of staff,
drugs and supplies and negative health care worker attitudes. In addition, long
distances and the lack of empowerment of rural women prevented mothers from
seeking skilled birth attendants. The study concluded that even though the government
had issued a moratorium on TBAs, the health care system is not coping.
Recommendations: It is recommended that having moved away from the TBAs, there
is no need to revert to using them since that would mean perpetuating harmful and
substandard care for mothers. In addition, TBA services would undermine the
government’s efforts to improve skilled birth attendance. However, the system needs to
urgently deal with the challenges that rural mothers encounter in trying to access skilled
birth attendance.
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Randall, Dorian C. Jordan Matthew F. "From the birth of a nation to havoc the evolution of traditional blackface to modern racial passing in U.S. cinema /." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3729/index.html.
Full text
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Nompandana, Lulama Elizabeth. "The development of a training programme for traditional birth attendants in the Flagstaff district of Region E of the Eastern Cape." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15660.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to identify the need for a training programme and to
develop the training programme to meet the needs of traditional birth attendants in the
management of pregnancy, labour and puerperium.
The study was conducted in the Flagstaff district which is one of the districts of the north
eastern region (region E) of the Eastern Cape. The target group consisted of all the
traditional birth attendants who availed themselves at the residential clinics of Flagstaff
district and the number is not known as not all traditional birth attendants who presented
themselves are recognized by their communities as traditional birth attendants. The study
was a quantitative descriptive design and the data was collected by means of structured
interviews using a questionnaire that was designed by the researcher.
According to the findings the traditional birth attendants are functioning without being
formally trained before. They lack knowledge and skill in the management of pregnancy,
labour and puerperium. Some of their practices are reason for concern, for example
cephalic versions and not using protective devices.
There is a need for the development of the training programme in the Flagstaff district.
This programme was developed from the information obtained from the data-analysis and
is given as annexure FHealth Sciences
M.A. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
39
Muntenda, Bartholomeus Mangundu. "The perceptions of women regarding obstetric care in public health facilities in a peri-urban area of Namibia." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2579_1397037992.
Full textAbstract:
Namibia has recorded an ascending trend of maternal and neonatal mortality rate from 225 &ndash
449 per 100 000 women from 1992 to 2006, and 38 &ndash
46 per 1000 live births from 2000 to 2006 respectively. Kavango Region in Namibia is one among the top seven regions with high maternal and infant mortality rate. Most pregnant women in peri-urban areas of Rundu District in the Kavango region, where this study was conducted, attend ante-natal care services but do not use public health facilities for delivery. The health records from the public health facilities in Rundu, especially from Nkarapamwe clinic and Rundu Hospital maternity section, reveal that although the pregnant women comply with the required standard policy of a minimum of three visits per pregnancy or more, over 40% of women who attend public ante-natal care clinics do not deliver in the public health facility. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of women regarding obstetric care in public health facilities in Kehemu settlement, a peri-urban area of Rundu town. The objectives of the study were to explore the perceptions of women on accessibility and acceptability of maternity services in public health facilities. An explorative qualitative study design using focus group discussion as a data collection method was conducted with three groups of women. A purposeful sampling procedure was used to select participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the High Degree Committee of University of the Western Cape and permission to use data from local facilities was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Services. Participants were recruited on their own free will and they signed an agreement on confidentiality. A data reduction process was used for analysis. The study findings indicate that women wish to use public health facilities for deliveries due to perceived benefits, in particular, safety for the mother and the baby and that those services are affordable. However a number of reasons hinder women to access services including the attitudes of health care providers, inability to afford transport at night and cultural influences. The study recommends that delivery services at the local clinic be expanded from eight to twenty-four hours
an information campaign on pregnancy and birth complications as well as the benefits of delivering in a public facility be implemented
refresher training for nurses to improve their caring practices during delivery should be considered and that a similar research be conducted with care providers to ascertain ways to improve maternity services in the public health facility in the area.
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Watson, Annaliese. ""A fragile job" : Haitian traditional midwives (matwons) and the navigation of clinical, spiritual and social risk." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36502.
Full textAbstract:
Haiti's political and economy history has led to a maternity care system that lies out of reach, geographically and financially, of most Haitians, resulting in excessively high maternal and infant mortality. The most common birth practitioners are homebirth midwives (matwòns), who attend roughly three-fourths of all births in Haiti (UNICEF), often without the benefit of emergency obstetric services. In this ethnographic study, I examine how matwòns experience caring for mothers and babies in extraordinarily low-resource and high-risk settings. This qualitative research employed a critical approach and feminist research methodologies. In in-depth interviews I asked participants to describe the challenges they find in their work. Then, in an innovative style of group meeting called Open Space, matwòns reflected on those challenges collectively, with an aim to ameliorate their current situations. Data analysis utilized a modified grounded theory approach, which allowed the matwòns' own narratives to determine the categories of analysis. Emergent themes resulting from this analysis revealed four main challenges in the work of matwòns, as well as matwòns' own strategies to mitigate those challenges. The four broad challenges, which include physical risks, social/spiritual threats, a lack of livelihood, and an obligation to practice, are experienced either as episodic hazards or chronic stressors. Matwòns' personal mitigation strategies centered on two broad approaches, providing protection, and offering service. However, the Open Space meeting created an opportunity for matwòns to strategize collective mitigation efforts through professional organization. Based on these findings, I argue that a more nuanced understanding of matwòns' experiences reveals their adaptive skills, which, in part, resemble Davis Floyd's (2007) notion of a postmodern midwife, and offers opportunities for mutual accommodation (Jordan 1997[1978]). Recommendations include support and advocacy for the self-organization of Haitian matwòns, as well as their greater inclusion in efforts to improve maternal and infant health outcomes in post-earthquake Haiti.Graduation date: 2013
41
Chen, Solomon Chih-Cheng, and 陳志成. "Studies related to the improvement of public health in northern Malawi: Performance of trained traditional birth attendants for delivery service & Survival analysis of AIDS patients under antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45737061839646108291.
Full textAbstract:
博士臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
98
Malawi, located in southeastern Africa with an estimated population of 13 million, is among the world''s least developed countries. The life expectancy of Malawian people is only 50.9 years. The high rates of infant and under-five mortality are 83.5 deaths per 1,000 live births and 100 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. Although the total fertility rate averages 5.5 children per womon, the maternal mortality rate is as high as 1,100 deaths per 100,000 live births due to poor environmental health and a shortage of medical resources. The leading causes of death in Malawi are infectious diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea. The prevalence of AIDS in adults aged 15-49 years is 11.9% and more than 930,000 people were living with AIDS in this country in 2007. In 2000, the Taiwan government built the Mzuzu Central Hospital in the northern region of Malawi in order to compensate the severe shortage of medical resources and dispatched a medical team to assist in managing the Mzuzu Central Hospital. Since July 2002, Pingtung Christian Hospital has taken over the medical team. To face the challenge of high maternal and infant mortality rates, the medical team trained 81 traditional birth attendants (TBAs) during 2004-2006 with support from the Department of Health, Taiwan and totally 1905 babies were delivered until August 2008. The neonatal mortality rate was 13.6 per 1,000 live births, lower than half of the national statistics and the maternal mortality rate was zero. Moreover, the Rainbow Clinic, the first free antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic has been opened in northern Malawi since 1st July 2004 in order to fight against AIDS, and furthermore a fingerprint identification information system was developed to record patients’ clinical courses and medication history. The United Nations set up eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. Three of them are related to health issues: MDG4, to reduce child mortality; MDG5, to improve maternal heath; MDG6, to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. These three MDGs, i.e. Maternal and Child Health and AIDS, are the core issues of current international health. This doctoral dissertation also includes these two issues: (1) Maternal and Child Health, evaluating the accessibility of health facilities for pregnant woman and the importance of continuing education for TBAs and their performance; (2) AIDS, analyzing survival rates of AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy for adults (aged more than 15 years) and children (aged less than 15 years). Summaries of the four dissertations are listed below. The first paper: The distance is the most important concern of women’s choice of delivery places. GPS and Google Earth were used to measure the distance and time needed for pregnant women to reach health facilities. The combination of these two tools helps us to know the resource distribution and the accessibility of delivery services, which may be helpful for public health planning and policy making. The second paper: Through initial training and continuing education, TBAs are able to have a good performance in decreasing the neonatal mortality rate to less than half of the national statistics. Well trained TBAs under regular supervision and continuous support can be a potential human resource for countries lacking medical professionals. We recommended that continuing education should be regularly provided, at least annually. The third paper: The mortality rate was significantly higher in adult males than in adult females with AIDS on ART. This may be associated with the delayed diagnosis, seeking for medical care in a more advanced clinical stage and poorer compliance to therapy in male patients. The gender difference needs to be addressed in scaling up ART programs in Africa. The fourth paper: Severe malnutrition, indicated by BMI <15 kg/m2, may be the most significant prognostic indicator for premature mortality in children on ART. The first three months after starting ART is the golden period of nutrition assessment and intervention, especially for malnourished children. Early and proper nutrition support should be integrated with ART management. From 2000 to 2010, half the MDGs time frame (2015) has passed, but WHO found that the progress of MDGs in some under-developed countries is very slow, mostly due to the shortage of medical professionals. This doctoral dissertation found that TBAs can be a potential human resource, if they can have a proper training and continuing education, under regular supervision and logistic support, and are also well integrated into the current medical system. For example, if we can select good candidates and train them to become TBAs or community health workers, they can do some primary cares such as delivery service, referring high risk pregnancy to health facilities, health education, prevention of maternal-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), and nutrition support for malnourished children. They are able to reduce great burden of medical professionals and improve the maternal and child health as well as AIDS control in remote rural areas. Then, there will be an opportunity for us to accomplish MDGs by the end of 2015.
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Ngubeni, Nozipho Beatrice. "Cultural practices regarding antenatal care among Zulu women in a selected area in Gauteng." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/659.
Full textAbstract:
The registered midwives are engaged in continuous health education lessons In antenatal visits,
discouraging antenatal clients from using hannful traditional and cultural practices in an
attempt to preserve pregnancy to tenn. Despite the registered midwives' efforts, the clients
continue to use hannful cultural methods, which are life-threatening to both the mother and
the foetus In utero. The prenatal clients perceive the registered midwives as not being
sensitive to their culture.
The results of this study revealed that health education in antenatal clinics should be
collaborative: that is, the people who have influence over the clients' pregnancy, like me
mother-in-law, the traditional practitioners, cUents and their family members, should be
involved by the midwives during the preparation of pregnancy lessons and health education
lessons on how to preserve pregnancy to term according to· scientifically proven methods.Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
43
Abdulahi, Ibsa Mussa. "Socio-cultural determinants and missed opportunities of maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27067.
Full textAbstract:
Maternal deaths in Ethiopia are mainly due to complications of pregnancy and delivery. The socio-cultural contexts under which these pregnancies and deliveries occur that pave the way for these complications and mortality. In Ethiopia, the maternal mortality ratio had been 353/100,000 live births in 2015. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine, and describe the socio-cultural determinants and missed opportunities of maternal health care in Eastern Ethiopia. The study was conducted in selected districts of Grawa, Chelenko and Haramaya Woreda, East Hararghe, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia.
A community-based survey involving pregnant women in their third trimester and women who gave birth in the last five years, husbands, mothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, health workers, religious and community leaders were conducted between September up to December 2017. A systematic sampling technique was used to get a total of 422 study participants for quantitative and 24 FGD participants to qualitative study were adopted using triangulation of data collection. Pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. The main instrument used for quantitative data collection was the structured questionnaire, specifically in-depth interview methods. Bivariate and Multivariate data analysis were performed using SPSS version 25.0 and focus group discussion (FGD) was used to collect qualitative information and the information was analysed using thematic analysis method based on Atlas.ti version 8.2 statistical software packages.
The study revealed that among 359 (85%) pregnant women who planned for ANC visit, 16 (4.5%) received ANC four or more times during their last pregnancies, the respondents (81.3%) claimed that they were taken care of by skilled delivery attendant during delivery, 18.5% of them said that they delivered at home and 71.1% of them received medical care after delivery (missed opportunity). Women in the age group 15-24 years [AOR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.18 (0.37, 3.74)], primary school [AOR: 4.09, 95%CI: 4.09(0.96, 15.50)], women intended their last pregnancy [AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 0.32(0.11, 0.94)], and women living in urban residences [AOR: 1.2, 95%CI: 0.86(0.25, 2.95)] were significant predictors of unplanned home delivery.
For optimal and effective interventions of maternal health services utilization, provisions should be made for better women‘s education, family planning, community-based health insurance, health facilities access, job opportunity and women empowerment; provisions should also be made for creating income generating activities to women. Strengthening village women‘s army wing, refreshing and enabling health extension workers and traditional birth attendants. What is more, optimal measures should be taken to discourage traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, polygamy, violence against women and teenage marriage. Finally, free maternal and child health services should be advocated for so that the gap in maternal healthcare services is bridged.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Uredi, Ally Sadiki. "Cross sectional survey on factors contributing to home deliveries in Rungwe district, Tanzania." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3172.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Public Health - MPHThis is a cross sectional survey study that explored determinant factors contributing to home child delivery and influence of traditional birth attendances on place of delivery in Rungwe District, Tanzania.The study focussed on three main aspects namely factors (socio-economic, cultural and knowledge) that influence women to deliver at health facilities and those who deliver ta home. Reasons/factors associated with the acceptability of health services and influence of traditional birth attendaces on place of delivery and whether accessibility to health services and traditional birth attendants influence women to decide the place of delivery. The study was descriptive cross-sectional in nature where a multistage random sampling procedure was used to select 8 wards and 16 villages. A systematic sampling was used to determine household interval in each village. Only one woman with at least one child was chosen in a household using a random sampling. In case of the absence of a woman with at least one child in a house falling in the interval, then the next house was considered. A total of 400 women with at least one child were selected at random from household cluster sample from all four divisions in Rungwe district. They were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The participation rate was 100 % in both divisions. The age of the women ranged from 19-49 years with the mean age of 31 years (Std dev 7.5). Data entry and analysis were done using the quantitative statistics with Epi Info 2002 software. Results were presented using descriptive statistics, figures and tables, and analytical statistics, using Student’s t-test and chi-square. A total of 400 women were interviewed, among them, it showed that there were good attendance for antenatal care 395 (98.75%) and only 5 (1.25%) did not attend antenatal care. However, 243 (60.8%) of women interviewed had incidence of home delivery and 157 (39.3%) had incidence of health facility delivery. Home deliveries in a surveyed area are commonly assisted by unskilled persons, and consequently carry increased risks to the mother and to the new-born baby. Improvement of quality and accessibility of health care services by the health facility should involve harmonic balance between health service provider and beneficiaries in order to change the attitude towards minimizing the practice of home child delivery in Rungwe district, in Mbeya region, in Tanzania as awhole and elsewhere in the world.
45
莊廣婷. "Traditions, Gossips, and Constraints: Women's Interpretations of Marriage and Birth at the Jufu Village, Kinmen." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24633789723258728851.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
人類學研究所
94
Abstract This thesis is concerned with women’s interpretation of marriage and birth in a traditional village, Jufu, in Kinmen (Quemoy). The value of patrilineal culture is interiorized by local people and expressed in daily life as public opinion through informal conversations, rumors, and gossips. As a result, women at Jufu village continue to subscribe to the traditional concepts of marriage and birth. The significance of these findings lies in the linkage between the period of military control (1956-1992) and the recent period of social change (2000-2004) by delineating the perspectives of local women of different cohorts. Jufu is a lineage village with strict kinship and marriage organization. The villagers utilize public opinion as the mechanism of communication as well as social control. Under the cultural context of ancestor worship, this mechanism reinforces the traditional values of marriage institution and the preference of son to daughter. Even in the present period of transition when the Jufu villagers have long adopted modern communication media and a lifestyle of modern industrial and commercial society, the traditional values of marriage and patrilineality remain salient and show no signs of being prone to social change. The women of Jufu village did not respond to the recent social change by abandoning the traditional values of marriage and birth. Rather, they took social change as an opportunity for agency and actively chose the traditional values of marriage and birth as their female gender ideology. This study based on five months (July-December, 2004) ethnographic fieldwork at Jufu village, Kinmen. Research methods adopted in this research are: in-depth interview (102 women and 59 men), conversation with local elites (senior members, religious ritual experts, and intellectuals), literature search, and participant-observation.
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Kkonde, Anthony. "Factors that influence pregnant women's choice of delivery site in Mukono district, Uganda." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3601.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to analyse and describe the factors that influence the choice of site of delivery by pregnant women in Mukono district. By employing quantitative, non experimental research methods, 431 women were interviewed by using structured questionnaires. These women had either delivered at; home, TBA, private or public clinic and 72% had been delivered by skilled attendants. Choice of delivery site was influenced by the attitudes of health workers which were rather poor in public sites, proximity of site, attendance of antenatal clinic at a site, availability of supplies and drugs, plus level of care including emergency obstetric care.Health Studies
M. A. (Public Health)
47
Chamisa, Judith Audrey. "Zimbabwean Ndebele perspectives on alternative modes of child birth." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14384.
Full textAbstract:
The study explored cultural perspectives of the Zimbabwean Ndebele on alternative modes of childbirth. A qualitative generic, exploratory and descriptive design guided the study. The problem is that alternative modes of birthing are not acceptable to the Zimbabwean Ndebele. Women who give birth through alternative modes of birthing, which include caesarean section (CS) instrumental deliveries (ID) and any other unnatural modes are stigmatised. Data were collected from purposively selected samples of women who had given birth through alternative modes of birthing, spouses, mothers-in-law, community elders, sangomas (traditional healers) and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) using individual unstructured in-depth interviews, structured interviews and focus group interviews (FGIs). Data were analysed through use of qualitative content analysis which involved verbatim transcripts. Interpretations of narrations of data and script reviewing were done while simultaneously listening to audio-tapes which were transcribed in the IsiNdebele the language that was used to collect data. Data were then translated into English to accommodate all readers.
Accounts of all the informants that were interviewed point to effects of supernatural ancestral powers, infidelity and use of traditional and herbal medicines as cause for “tiedness” (labour complications), a concept that showed a strong thread throughout the study. Study findings illuminated that traditional practices are culture-bound and the desire is to perpetuate the valued culture.
Recommendations made from the study are; cultural orientation of local and foreign health workers, cultural consultation and collaboration with sangomas (traditional healers) and particular recognition of the significance of the study as a cultural heritage of the Zimbabwean Ndebele society. Further research on how women and their spouses cope with the grieving process after experiencing the crisis and grief following CS is recommended. With all the recommended areas addressed, Zimbabwean Ndebele would find alternative modes of birthing acceptable.Health Studies
D. Lit. et Phil. (Health Studies)
48
Maja, Todd Mamutle Mavis. "Contraceptive practices in Northern Tshwane, Gauteng Province." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/880.
Full textAbstract:
Unwanted and unintended pregnancies pose major reproductive health challenges to women throughout
the world. Despite the availability of modern contraceptives, many women and men fail to use
contraceptives effectively. This research focussed on reasons for not using contraceptives
effectively in the Northern Tshwane area of the Gauteng Province of the Republic of South Africa
(RSA).
Structured interviews were conducted with 83 women and 71 men about their contraceptive practices.
Age, religion, educational level and residential areas influenced clients' contraceptive
practices. These results were categorised for adult males and females as well as for adolescent
males and females. Adolescents encountered problems in accessing contraceptive services. Adult
females knew most about traditional contraceptives, although men knew about some of these methods,
and adolescents used some of them. All respondents could gain additional knowledge about modern
contraceptives. The respondents' knowledge about · emergency contraceptives was extremely
limited. Although most respondents knew about legalised choice on.termination of pregnancy (CTOP)
services in the RSA, they did not know when nor how to access these services.
Nurses working in contraceptive health services, revealed during a focus group discussion that
a lack of resources (including shortages of malcondoms, contraceptive injections and oral
contraceptives) hampered the quality of services that could be rendered. Of particular
concern was the nonavailability of Norplant implants and female condoms. Nurses expressed a need
for pecific national policy guidelines about supplying contraception to adolescents. Although most
nurses knew about emergency contraceptives, they did not promote its use
because they assumed that clients would misuse emergency contraceptives.instead of using
contraceptives regularly. The nurses indicated that very few facilities offered CTOP services.
The nurses regarded women who obtained repeated CTOPs to be misusing these services and
suggested that limitations should be placed on the number-of times any woman could obtain
such services. The negative attitudes of community members and of colleagues towards
persons working in CTOP services caused hardships for them. Recommendations address ways in which
contraceptive services could be improved.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
49
Manuel, Helena Isabel Borges. "Crenças, atitudes e práticas de saúde reprodutiva em Timor-Leste : uma abordagem intercultural." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/2211.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia na especialidade de Psicologia Intercultural apresentada à Universidade AbertaAo longo dos anos tem ocorrido, em Timor-Leste, um processo de intensificação dos contactos interculturais, quer entre timorenses pertencentes a diferentes grupos etnolinguísticos, quer entre timorenses e outros povos, alguns dos quais exercendo autoridade. Apesar das transformações operadas na sociedade a diversos níveis, subsistem algumas das suas instituições e valores tradicionais. O presente estudo, de cariz etnográfico, tem como objectivos de investigação descrever e comparar crenças, atitudes e práticas de saúde reprodutiva de timorenses pertencentes a diferentes grupos etnolinguísticos de Timor-Leste; e identificar modificações no comportamento de saúde reprodutiva dos timorenses, resultantes do contacto entre culturas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e comparativo, que tem por base uma metodologia qualitativa. O trabalho de campo foi efectuado em dez dos treze distritos de Timor-Leste, em meio rural e urbano, e abrangeu onze grupos etnolinguísticos. Mediante um processo de amostragem em cadeia, tipo “bola de neve”, foram recolhidos dados provenientes de informadores privilegiados, profissionais de saúde prestadores de cuidados de saúde reprodutiva, parteiras tradicionais, mulheres e casais com filhos. A recolha de dados foi efectuada com recurso a entrevistas exploratórias e semi-estruturadas, à observação directa e participante e à observação fotográfica e fílmica. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica da análise de conteúdo. Concluímos que a cultura exerce uma forte influência sobre o comportamento das mulheres e famílias desde a concepção até ao período pós-parto. Existe uma grande diversidade etnolinguística/cultural em Timor-Leste, e muitas das crenças e práticas relativas à saúde reprodutiva não são generalizáveis a todo o país. A fecundidade é elevada e há uma preferência generalizada por famílias numerosas, com curtos intervalos entre nascimentos e baixo recurso à contracepção. Apesar da implementação dos programas de planeamento familiar, primeiro pela Indonésia, e mais recentemente pelo Governo timorense, muitas mulheres têm falta de acesso a informação e a métodos contraceptivos. Factores de ordem sociocultural exercem, por sua vez, grande influência a este nível. Há determinadas recomendações, tabus e restrições que rodeiam a mulher grávida, que visam proteger a mãe e o feto de danos físicos. A maior parte das mulheres recorre à consulta pré-natal dos estabelecimentos de saúde, mas também há muitas que consultam a parteira tradicional quando têm problemas durante a gravidez, para que ela verifique se o bebé está em boa posição, corrigindo-a se considerar necessário, ou para determinar o seu sexo. Há uma preferência generalizada pelo parto em casa, sendo geralmente assistido por familiares ou pela parteira tradicional. O período pós-parto envolve uma série de procedimentos baseados na permanência da mãe com o recém-nascido em casa, seguindo determinadas prescrições e restrições alimentares, e na aplicação de calor sob diversas formas. Actualmente, mantém-se a prática de diversos rituais tradicionais associados ao nascimento, apresentando variações regionais.
Over the years, a process of development of intercultural contacts has occurred in East Timor, both between Timorese belonging to different ethnic and language groups and between Timorese and other people, some of them being in a position of authority. Despite the changes occurred in society at various levels, some of its institutions and traditional values still remain. The investigation purpose of this study, which is of an ethnographic nature, is to describe and compare beliefs, attitudes and practices relating to reproductive health in respect of Timorese people belonging to different ethnic and language groups in East Timor, as well as to identify changes in the reproductive health behaviour of Timorese resulting from the contact between cultures. This study has an exploratory, descriptive and comparative character and the methodology used was of a qualitative nature. The field study was carried out in ten of the thirteen districts of East Timor, in rural and urban environments, and covered eleven ethnic and language groups. Data was collected from key informants, health professionals providing reproductive healthcare, traditional midwives and women and couples with children, through a snowball chain sampling procedure. The gathering of data was carried out by means of exploratory semi-structured interviews, direct and participant observation, and photographic and cinematographic observation. Content analysis was the procedure used for the analysis of the collected data. We concluded that culture has a strong influence on the behaviour of women and families from conception to the period after childbirth. There is a great ethnic and language / cultural diversity in East Timor and many beliefs and practices relating to reproductive health are not present in the whole country. The fertility rate is high and large families are generally preferred, with short intervals between births and little use of contraceptive methods. Despite the implementation of family planning programmes firstly by Indonesia and more recently by the Timorese government, many women do not have access to information and contraceptive methods. In turn, some factors of a social and cultural nature also have a great influence at this level. There are certain advices, taboos and restrictions relating to pregnant women, which aim at protecting the mother and the foetus from physical damage. The majority of women go to prenatal care appointments at healthcare institutions, but there are also many others who seek a traditional midwife when they have problems during pregnancy, so that she will verify whether the baby is in a good position and correct it if deemed necessary, or determine its gender. Home birth is generally preferred, the woman being usually assisted by relatives or by a traditional midwife. The postnatal period involves a series of procedures based on the home confinement of both mother and newborn, following certain recommendations and food restrictions, and the application of heat in various manners. Several traditional rituals associated with birth are still performed nowadays, with regional variations.
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Mdaka, Busisiwe Doreen. "Factors influencing decisions on family size." Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17423.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to explore women's perceptions of family size and to investigate factors that influence women's decisions on family size. An exploratory research design was used. Fifty women who had completed their families, fifty women who had not started with their families and twenty five males who
had not started with their families all residing at Sebokeng, were interviewed. The results showed that the women's perceptions of family size were changing towards a small family norm. A small family was defined in terms of a family that one can afford to maintain financially and educate. Men support the idea of smaller families.
Decisions on family size are influenced by external factors and experience in growing up in big families. Rearing a lot of children also influences women to prefer smaller families either for themselves or for their children.Social Work
M.A. (Social Science (Social Work))