Journal articles: 'Traditional binders'

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Popov, A. L., V. V. Strokova, and A. E. Mestnikov. "Analysis of the Quality of Quartz-Feldspar Sand as a Component of a Composite Binder." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.516.

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The modern construction industry is more and more inclined to use composite binders instead of traditional binders. Composite binder is characterized by increased efficiency and environmental friendliness, improved performance characteristics at a reduced cost and energy consumption. Based on this, studies are needed to determine the possibility of using quartz-feldspar sand as a component of composite binders.

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Grilli, Andrea, Maurizio Bocci, Amedeo Virgili, and Carla Conti. "Mechanical Characterization and Chemical Identification of Clear Binders for Road Surface Courses." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (January 20, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4930646.

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The development of non‐black asphalt mixtures for surface courses may play a significant role to improve functional, aesthetic and environmental issues of road pavements. Nowadays, the development of clear binders as substitutes for traditional bitumen in asphalt mixtures, which combine durability and mechanical properties, exalting the color of pavements for a better integration of road networks in urban and environmentally sensitive areas, is undoubtedly a timing challenge. However, the selection and classification of clear binders are often based only on color and standard requirements referred to traditional bitumen that do not describe consistently the binder behavior. A better understanding on clear binder properties is required to guide the aggregate selection and the mix design for surface layer, merging safety, aesthetical and environmental benefits into long lasting pavement. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental program, including empirical tests, infrared spectrum analysis, and rheological testing over a wide range of temperature and frequency, to determine the overall mechanical behavior of three clear binders. Results highlighted that the selected clear binders differ from traditional bitumen in terms of mechanical behavior. Different composition or origin can induce to completely different performance. Moreover, the combination of several testing procedures allowed suggesting specific application methods and uses for the three clear binders.

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Amareanu, M., and L. Melita. "Non-traditional aluminous binders: composition — properties correlations." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 6 (July 26, 2018): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-6-34-40.

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Ji, Bongjun, Soon-Jae Lee, Mithil Mazumder, Moon-Sup Lee, and Hyun Hwan Kim. "Deep Regression Prediction of Rheological Properties of SIS-Modified Asphalt Binders." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 5738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245738.

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The engineering properties of asphalt binders depend on the types and amounts of additives. However, measuring engineering properties is time-consuming, requires technical expertise, specialized equipment, and effort. This study develops a deep regression model for predicting the engineering property of asphalt binders based on analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) image analysis to test the feasibility of replacing traditional measuring estimate techniques. The base asphalt binder PG 64-22 and styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) modifier were blended with four different polymer additive contents (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and then tested with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) to evaluate the rheological data, which indicate the rutting properties of the asphalt binders. Different deep regression models are trained for predicting engineering property using AFM images of SIS binders. The mean absolute percentage error is decisive for the selection of the best deep regression architecture. This study’s results indicate the deep regression architecture is found to be effective in predicting the G*/sin δ value after the training and validation process. The deep regression model can be an alternative way to measure the asphalt binder’s engineering property quickly. This study would encourage applying a deep regression model for predicting the engineering properties of the asphalt binder.

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Bhandari, Simran K., In-Lu A. Liu, Dean A. Kujubu, Trung Huynh, Hind Behayaa, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Steven J. Jacobsen, and John J. Sim. "Use of Phosphorus Binders among Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Mortality Outcomes." American Journal of Nephrology 45, no. 5 (2017): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000474959.

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Background: Whether the benefits of phosphorus binders extend to those without end stage renal disease is uncertain. Among a large diverse non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) population with hyperphosphatemia, we sought to evaluate phosphorus binder use and compare mortality risk between patients prescribed and not prescribed binders. Methods: A retrospective cohort study within an integrated health system (January 1, 1998 - December 31, 2012) among CKD patients (age ≥18) was performed. Non-dialysis CKD patients with 2 separate estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum phosphorus ≥5.0 mg/dL within 180 days of eGFR were included. Multivariable cox proportional hazards and inverse probability of treatment-weighted models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for patients who received phosphorus binders compared to no binders. Results: Among 10,165 study patients, 2,733 subjects (27%) received phosphorus binders. Compared to the no-phosphorus-binder group, the binder group had mortality HRs (95% CI) of 0.86 (0.79-0.94) and 0.86 (0.80-0.93) using traditional multivariable and inverse probability of treatment-weighted models respectively. Sensitivity analyses removing patients who were prescribed binders >180 days after index date revealed no difference in mortality between those with binders and with no binders. Conclusion: Our findings from a real-world clinical environment revealed that 27% of hyperphosphatemic non-dialysis CKD patients were prescribed binders. They also had lower risk of mortality compared to those not prescribed phosphorus binders. However, the lower mortality risk was not observed when we accounted for immortal time bias. Whether phosphorus binder use in CKD improves survival remains to be determined.

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Kulísek, Karel, Karel Dvořák, and Marcela Fridrichová. "Burnt Hydraulic Binder on the Basis of FBC Ashes." Advanced Materials Research 1100 (April 2015): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.68.

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This paper deals with opportunity of FBC – ashes using for hydraulic binder preparation, and as one of the main material for preparation of binders closed to traditional cements. This way prepared binder should be closed to strong hydraulic limes potentially cements of lower strength classes.

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Lucia, Arianna, Hendrikus W. G. van Herwijnen, and Thomas Rosenau. "Wood-based resins and other bio-based binders for the production of mineral wool." Holzforschung 74, no. 6 (February 28, 2020): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0280.

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AbstractThe traditional binder used in mineral wool is phenolic resin that makes mineral wool insulations reliable and efficient. The toxicity and health hazards of phenol and formaldehyde are becoming more and more pressing, and the industrial production needs to focus on safer precursors. Several formulations of bio-based binders for mineral wool have been developed, meeting the challenge of performing equally well as conventional binders. Technical lignins, due to their intrinsic structure and their abundance, are good candidates for future industrial adhesives. Carbohydrates are other class of biomaterials widely used in both research and patent formulations toward mineral wool binders. Proteins and cardanol are still largely unknown precursors, although they have hidden potentials for reliable binder systems. Even if conventional binders are not replaced completely with bio-based alternatives today, a partial use is already a step forward in the right direction – toward future biorefinery-based industries and knowledge-based bioeconomies in general.

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Amareanu, M., and L. Melita. "Non-Traditional Aluminous Binders: Correlation Between Properties and Composition." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 59, no. 3 (September 2018): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-018-0226-0.

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Peterková, Jitka, Jiri Zach, Martina Reif, and Azra Korjenic. "Non-Traditional Thermal-Insulating and Rehabilitation Materials and their Hygrothermal Behaviour." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.59.

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The development of non-traditional, thermal insulation plaster leads to the development of new eco-efficient materials suitable for insulation and rehabilitation of both existing and new building structures. Optimal function of these materials is then to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. This is beneficial from an environmental perspective. In addition, the development of new, promising, thermal insulation plaster was used innovative, environmentally friendly binders, such as substitution for energy intensive binder - cement. The paper presents the results of development of thermal insulation plaster and research in their hygrothermal behaviour.

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Rios, Sara, Nuno Cristelo, António Viana da Fonseca, Ivo Rosa, and Catarina Ramos. "Application of a recently developed geotechnical carbon calculator in Europe." Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento 4, no. 2 (February 2, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/rbpd.v4n2.3299.

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Recent research regarding soil stabilization has been increasingly concerned with environmental performance. The present paper applies the newly developed CO2(eq) geotechnical calculator, created by the European Federation of Foundation Contractors and the The Deep Foundations Institute, to assess the behavior of three different binders used in the construction of cutter-soil mixing columns, which formed an embankment/bridge transition wedge. The binders were based on ordinary Portland cement, on a blast furnace slag and cement blend and alkali activated fly ash. Results show that the last two binders are significabtly more effective, in terms of environmental performance, than the more traditional cement-based binder. Although the blast furnace slag cement, at this early stage of the geopolymeric binders, appears as the most interesting option, the fact that the CO2/cost ratio of both options is very similar stands out.

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Barcena, Roberto, Amy Epps Martin, and Darren Hazlett. "Performance-Graded Binder Specification for Surface Treatments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1810, no. 1 (January 2002): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1810-08.

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Surface treatments have been used by many government agencies as part of their maintenance and rehabilitation programs to improve surface quality and extend the service life of pavements. Traditional specifications for surface treatment binders have failed to characterize materials across the entire spectrum of temperatures experienced during production and construction and in-service and required properties that were not directly related to performance. The Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements (Superpave®) or performance-graded (PG) asphalt binder specification was developed in the 1990s to measure binder properties directly related to hot-mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) performance. This specification included material characterization at low, intermediate, and high temperatures. Direct application of the PG binder specification to binders used in surface treatments is not appropriate because of differences between surface treatments and HMAC with regard to distress types, construction methods, and exposure to environmental conditions. A performance-based specification system for surface treatment binders was developed that maximizes the use of existing equipment required in the PG system for HMAC binders. This new surface performance grading (SPG) specification assumes appropriate design and construction practices and considers only binder properties after construction. The SPG was developed based on the identification of common distresses and the analysis of physical properties at multiple temperatures of surface treatment binders that correlate to these distresses. The final SPG includes limiting values for high-and low-surface pavement design temperatures. Implementation of the SPG specification is recommended after a field validation experiment.

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Subhy, Pires, Carrión, Presti, and Airey. "Binder and Mixture Fatigue Performance of Plant-Produced Road Surface Course Asphalt Mixtures with High Contents of Reclaimed Asphalt." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 3752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133752.

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The aged properties of Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) binders are one of the main factors working against their utilisation in high-RA content (>30%) mixes for surface courses. Fatigue cracking is the main distress of surface courses that are manufactured with a high percentage of RA. This investigation presents results of the rheological and fatigue results of different asphalt mixtures and their recovered binders. The binders were recovered from asphalt mixtures that had been manufactured in asphalt plants using different amounts of RA with contents up to 60% with and without rejuvenators. Two different sources of RA were used, representing a moderately aged RA and an extremely aged RA. The Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was used to assess the fatigue-characteristics of the binders using time sweep tests while the fatigue characteristics of their mixtures were assessed using the Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT). The fatigue data was analysed based on the cumulative dissipated energy approach in addition to traditional fatigue analysis. Results have shown that the ageing condition of RA significantly affects the fatigue properties of recovered binders. Binder and asphalt mixture fatigue results showed that RA contents up to 60% can produce comparable fatigue performance compared to lower percentages of RA in road surface course if the aged RA binder is sufficiently rejuvenated.

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Brûlé, Bernard. "Polymer-Modified Asphalt Cements Used in the Road Construction Industry: Basic Principles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1535, no. 1 (January 1996): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153500107.

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Modified binders—obtained by adding thermoplastic macromolecular systems of plastomers or elastomers to traditional pure asphalt cements for road construction—have existed for more than 20 years. These products are still poorly understood scientifically. Significant research must be undertaken to better understand binder relationships between composition, structure, and properties, and the relationships between hot mix performance (rutting, fatigue, thermal cracking) and the characteristics of the modified binders as measured in the laboratory. The current state of knowledge regarding these issues is presented along with a discussion of the basic principles of bitumen-polymer compatibility, the mechanism for modification, and the effect of the components on the properties of the modified binders. Several specific problems related to the use of these products are presented.

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Contessi, Silvia, Loris Calgaro, Maria Chiara Dalconi, Alessandro Bonetto, Maurizio Pietro Bellotto, Giorgio Ferrari, Antonio Marcomini, and Gilberto Artioli. "Stabilization of lead contaminated soil with traditional and alternative binders." Journal of Hazardous Materials 382 (January 2020): 120990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120990.

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Vitale, Enza, Giacomo Russo, and Dimitri Deneele. "Multi-scale analysis on soil improved by alkali activated binders." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199211003.

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In the present paper, the use of alkali activated binders to improve engineering properties of clayey soils is presented as an alternative to traditional binders such as lime or cement. An alkali-activated fly ash and its chemo-physical evolution has been monitored at increasing curing times by means of X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Alkali-activated binder has been mixed with soil for evaluating the improvement of its mechanical behaviour. One-dimensional compression tests on treated samples have been performed with particular reference to effects induced by binder content and curing time. Test results showed a high initial reactivity of the alkali activated systems promoting formation of new mineralogical phases responsible of the mechanical improvement of the treated soil.

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Шаталова, С., S. Shatalova, Н. Чернышева, N. Chernysheva, Е. Глаголев, E. Glagolev, Е. Лесниченко, E. Lesnichenko, М. Ю. Дребезгова, and M. Yu Drebezgova. "EFFECTIVE CELLULAR CONCRETE ON THE COMPOSITE GYPSUM BINDER." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 10 (November 7, 2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5db331a5c52049.41127542.

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The dynamically developing construction of the Russian Federation makes it necessary to expand the range of alternative types of binders and materials based on them. Such binders include a composite gypsum binder used for the production of materials for various functional purposes. The manufacture and use of products based on composite gypsum binders is made possible by studying the Portland cement – gypsum – water system, the stability of which is ensured by introducing of an appropriate amount of active mineral additives. Such additives reduce the concentration of Са (ОН) 2 in the liquid phase of the hardening system and create the possibility of hardening under certain conditions without dangerous internal tensions. This article discusses the obtaining of effective cellular concrete on a composite gypsum binder. Cellular concrete surpasses some traditional materials in its structure, properties, methods of preparation, and they are universal in terms of operational properties. The possibility and expediency of using thin-ground concrete scrap as a mineral additive in the composition of composite gypsum binder for cellular concrete is established in the work. Thermal insulation and structural cellular concrete of D600 and D700 grades are obtained. It is revealed that the stepwise loading of the components of the concrete mixture with the initial introduction of a gypsum binder is rational.

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Holý, Michal, and Eva Remišová. "Routine Testing of Bitumen Binders." Civil and Environmental Engineering 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cee-2017-0017.

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Abstract The quality of bituminous binders used in the construction and maintenance of road surfaces is currently assessed by empirical testing based on obtaining one value for specific boundary conditions, which were designed about 100 years ago. Basic empirical tests include the softening point and penetration, but the practice shows that these tests appear to be inadequate. The evaluation of changes of bitumen properties during the production and paving process of bituminous mixture is also important. The paper points out how the “traditional” tests as softening point and penetration and viscosity are sufficient to evaluate properties of bitumen binders.

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Chakrabarti, Srijib, and Jayantha Kodikara. "Basaltic Crushed Rock Stabilized with Cementitious Additives: Compressive Strength and Stiffness, Drying Shrinkage, and Capillary Flow Characteristics." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-03.

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Research was undertaken to increase knowledge of the properties of local stabilized pavement materials to facilitate their wider use in road construction and rehabilitation. Laboratory tests involved testing for the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shrinkage, and capillary behavior of crushed basaltic rocks stabilized with two conventional cementitious binders—general purpose cement and lime—and two cementitious binders comprising industrial waste products—blended cement and alkali-activated slag. The alkali-activated slag and blended cement significantly increased UCS of untreated material and performed as well as or better than such traditional binders as general purpose cement. Overall, lime performed poorly as a stabilizer of crushed basaltic rocks, primarily because the fine content containing clay minerals was not significant in the crushed basaltic rock composition. UCS of stabilized materials increased significantly as binder content increased; UCS could be described as a function of binder quantity. Ultimate shrinkage increased with binder content for general purpose cement and alkali-activated slag, but for blended cement, behavior was different. The rate of drying shrinkage was relatively high at the early stage of shrinkage. Generally, alkali-activated slag produced less shrinkage compared with general purpose and blended cements. Capillary rise and water absorption were also measured. Test results indicated that the rate of capillary rise and amount of water absorbed by the material matrix decreased with the increase of binder content. The research indicated that the use of binders with industrial by-products could be a viable option in stabilization of crushed basaltic rock materials.

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Absimetov, Michail V., Mikhail Yurievich Elistratkin, and Marina S. Ageeva. "Structure Formation Features of Non-Autoclaved Gas Concrete Matrix on the Basis of Composite Binders with Various Mineral Additives." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.249.

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One of the effective ways to reduce the material consumption of structures, to save all types of resources due to this, is the transition to porous constructional materials instead of traditional dense materials. In this regard, non-autoclaved gas concrete is of great interest. This material has a high manufacturability and has a good potential for improving the strength properties due to the replacement of traditional portland cement by special composite binders. Available publications confirm the effectiveness and prospects of this direction. An important disadvantage of such works is the fact that the binder indicators and the final cellular concrete characteristics are considered mainly independently. In our opinion, it is more correct to consider at least two structure-forming processes proceeding in parallel and sequentially at different scale levels. Micro level is a stone structure formation based on the composite binder; macro-level is a gas porization of cellular mass concrete. These processes have a great mutual influence on each other, and therefore this article attempts to observe the gassing products effect on the stone hardening based on composite binders, as well as the composite binder makeup on the viscosity change of the molding compound, as an important condition for the formation of high-quality less defective pore structure of cellular concrete.

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Al-mousawi, Esraa J., Rashaa H. Al-Rubaee, and Ammar A. Shubber. "Mixing and Compaction Temperature of Nanosilica Composite Polymer Modified Asphalt." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol8.iss2.165.

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Recently, polymer -nanocomposites were used to manufacture durable asphalt mixtures to replace the polymer modified binder, because of the remarkable properties and unique features of nanomaterials compared to conventional materials, such as their wide surface area and small dimensions, making it possible to be utilized as an additive for asphalt paving. Nanosilica particles (NS) are one of the latest minerals which likely integrate useful characteristics, such as huge surface area, good distributions, high absorption levels, high stability, and a high level of purity. Therefore, this paper is interested in studying the characteristics of nanocomposite-polymer modified asphalt. In laboratory work, a pure asphalt 60-70 penetration grade, has been modified separately with waste polypropylene polymer (WPP), and nanosillica composite polypropylene (NS/WPP) at different concentrations. As a result, two modified binders: waste polypropylene polymer- modified asphalt (WPP-MA), and nanosillica composite polypropylene modified asphalt (NSCPMA) were obtained. Traditional asphalt binder tests were performed for pure and modified binders such as penetration, ductility, flash and fire point test, softening point, and rotational viscosity. Also, storage stability test has been conducted to ensure the storage stability of binders at high temperatures. The results showed an improvement in physical properties and increase in mixing and compaction temperature due to the increase in stiffness of (NSCPMA). The results also indicated that the nanosillica composite polypropylene modified asphalt binders have good storage stability at high temperatures.

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Sinka, Maris, Jelizaveta Zorica, Diana Bajare, Genadijs Sahmenko, and Aleksandrs Korjakins. "Fast Setting Binders for Application in 3D Printing of Bio-Based Building Materials." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 24, 2020): 8838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218838.

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The construction industry is one of the largest emitters of CO2 because the production of traditional building materials is highly energy-intensive and uses considerable amounts of raw materials. This research aims to decrease the negative environmental impact of the construction industry by providing biocomposites with a low environmental impact due to their bio-based components and efficient use of the materials through 3D printing. Agricultural waste products—hemp shives—are used in these materials as a filler together with three different types of fast-setting binders—magnesium, calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) and those that are gypsum-based. The study determines the setting time and compressive strength of these binders, as well as the formation of biocomposites of different densities for different applications; extrusion tests and preliminary life cycle assessment (LCA) are also performed. Results show that biocomposites with hemp shives and fast setting binders have a possible application in 3D printing due to their shape stability and buildability, as well as relatively high compressive strength, which allows for load-bearing use at high densities and thermal insulation use at low densities, although printability at low binder content remains a significant challenge. Preliminary LCA results show that CSA and gypsum binders have the lowest environmental impact from the binders considered.

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da Silva, Bruno Tiago Angelo, and Suelly Helena de Araújo Barroso. "The Application of Soy Biodiesel in Bituminous Priming of Soil-Aggregate Layers of Low Traffic Volume Roads in the State of Ceara, Brazil." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.115.

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This work investigates the potential of penetration, in terms of bituminous prime coat, of an asphalt mixture produced adding Soy Biodiesel [BIO] to the Asphalt Cement [AC] to be used in low traffic volume roads in the state of Ceara, Brazil. The main objective of this investigation was finding a less polluting alternative, by replacing kerosene, usually applied as diluent of AC in the traditional mixture CM-30. Therefore, a comparative study was made between the traditional binder [CM-30] and the proposed mixture [40% of Soy Biodiesel and 60% of AC 50/70], named as AC/BIO. Both tested binders were used in specimens made by the stabilization of a sandy soil, adding 50% and 60% of construction and demolition waste, resulting in two different soil-aggregate mixtures. The research considered some factors that influence the extent of penetration of the prime coat: moisture content of the base, type and volume of binder used and compaction energy. The characterization of the materials used in this research included tests such as the gradation of the aggregates, CBR and Resilient Modulus of the mixtures soil/aggregate, viscosity Saybolt-Furol and penetration of the binders (traditional and AC/BIO) in the samples of soil/aggregate. The results showed that the penetration potential of the AC/BIO mixture was similar to the CM-30 keeping the technical viability.

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Zhou, Ai Guo, Liang Li, Tai Chao Su, and Shang Sheng Li. "Synthesize Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₃SiC₂-Diamond Composites at High Pressure and High Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.671.

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Ti3SiC2, a ternary carbide, was proposed at this paper to use as the binder of polycrystalline diamonds to overcome the weaknesses of traditional metal binders and ceramic binders. Ti3SiC2was first reported to be in-situ synthesized under high pressure (4GPa) and at high temperature (1400°C) (HPHT) from the mixtures of Ti, Si and graphite powders or the mixture of Ti, SiC and graphite powders. Ti3SiC2-damond composites were also made at HPHT from the previous mixtures and diamond particles. TiCx, Ti5Si3Cxand TiSi2were main impurities and/or intermediate products of Ti3SiC2samples synthesized at HPHT. Ti3SiC2content increased as synthesized time increased from 10 min to 60 min. For as-synthesized composites, diamond particles were evenly distributed in matrix. The diamond particles are bonded well with the matrix by three types of interface.

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Helma, Jonas, M. Cristina Cardoso, Serge Muyldermans, and Heinrich Leonhardt. "Nanobodies and recombinant binders in cell biology." Journal of Cell Biology 209, no. 5 (June 8, 2015): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201409074.

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Antibodies are key reagents to investigate cellular processes. The development of recombinant antibodies and binders derived from natural protein scaffolds has expanded traditional applications, such as immunofluorescence, binding arrays, and immunoprecipitation. In addition, their small size and high stability in ectopic environments have enabled their use in all areas of cell research, including structural biology, advanced microscopy, and intracellular expression. Understanding these novel reagents as genetic modules that can be integrated into cellular pathways opens up a broad experimental spectrum to monitor and manipulate cellular processes.

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Yao, Liyang, Wenying Gao, Xianwei Ma, and Hao Fu. "Properties Analysis of Asphalt Binders Containing Bayer Red Mud." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051122.

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In this work, related performances of asphalt binders with Bayer red mud powder (RMP) were studied. RMP replaced the traditional limestone powder (LSP) as a filler in asphalt binder. The replacement rates were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. In this study, seven F/A (filler-to-asphalt, weight/weight) ratios for each of the fillers were selected: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1. Penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), and bending beam rheometry (BBR) tests were used to evaluate the properties of the asphalt binder. Penetration into the asphalt binder decreases linearly with increasing F/A ratio. Moreover, penetration of binder with RMP is lower than that of asphalt binder with LSP (RMP0), and among the five fillers tested, RMP100 showed most significant influence on penetration of the asphalt binder. The addition of RMP increases the softening point of the binder. DSR results show that the improvement in the high temperature performance is most significant after replacing 75% of the LSP with Bayer RMP. BBR results show that with increasing substitution of RMP for LSP, the creep stiffness (S) increased while the rate of change of S (m-value) declined. The low temperature performance of every asphalt binder was not enough to meet the Superpave requirements. In order to meet the Superpave requirements for S and m-values, the maximum F/A ratios of the five replacements corresponding to the fillers with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% RMP, were 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0 and 0.9, respectively. At 135 °C, rotational viscosity showed that RMP75 and RMP100 with a maximum F/A ratio of 1.1 are the best choices for asphalt binders, considering economic and construction requirements.

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Ye, Zhoujing, Wenjuan Ren, Hailu Yang, Yinghao Miao, Fengyan Sun, and Linbing Wang. "An Improved Asphalt Penetration Test Method." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010147.

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A traditional penetration test only measures the total penetration within 5 s. The penetration process is not monitored, and therefore, a large amount of information on the deformation properties of asphalt is not used. This paper documents a study to use a high-speed camera to quantify the entire penetration process and use the Finite Element Method (FEM) to interpret the penetration process using a viscoelastic model. The penetration–time relationships of several asphalt binders (70#, 90#, a rubber modified binder, and a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified binder) have been acquired using the new method, and the FEM modeling of the penetration processes is performed. The results show that both stress relaxation and creep appear during the penetration process. The results indicate that the improved test method and its data interpretation procedure may better characterize the properties of asphalt binder, which may extend the applications of the traditional penetration test.

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Abdullah, Hayder H., Mohamed A. Shahin, and Megan L. Walske. "Review of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymers for Soil Stabilisation with Special Reference to Clay." Geosciences 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070249.

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Alkali-activated binders, more commonly referred to as “geopolymers”, have recently emerged as a good alternative to traditional binders (e.g., lime and cement) for soil stabilisation. Geopolymers utilise the alkaline activation of industrial waste to form cementitious products within treated soils, leading to enhanced soil properties. This paper aims to present a review of the use of fly-ash-based geopolymers for soil stabilisation, with special reference to clay. The paper provides some detailed chemical and geotechnical cross-disciplinary knowledge, which advances fly-ash geopolymer as an eco-friendly binder. The paper covers the salient features of the geopolymer treatment process, including key affecting factors, envisioned applications, potential advantages and major limitations. The paper also discusses the main challenges standing against the wide recognition of this technique for soil stabilisation by industry. The paper finally concludes that fly-ash geopolymer can be used successfully as a binder for soil stabilisation; however, further research is still needed to realise the full potential of this promising technique in the future.

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Knotek, V., I. Kučerová, T. Horáková, and A. Peterová. "Flexible binders, their degradation and impact on cement substrate." Koroze a ochrana materialu 59, no. 1 (April 22, 2015): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2015-0009.

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Abstract Compared to the traditional inorganic binders based on mortar or plaster, cementing clefts and cracks with polymer fl exible binders is effective in terms of better adhesion and fl exibility. Nevertheless, in order to be applicable in restoration practice they must comply with the condition of a minimum impact on the substrate, which frequently is a porous material. Silicon-based binders, synthetic rubber and hybrid binders based on silicone modifi ed with polyurethane and polyether were tested in this study. The binders were artifi cially aged under various conditions. At the same time, the study also focused on the extent of infl uencing of the porous cement substrate by the application of binders. The silicone binders showed the best resistance to artifi cial aging, however, the originally hydrophilic substrate became hydrophobic. Hybrid binders showed better resistance to moist rather than dry atmosphere. Testing in the QUV panel caused cracking and incoherence of all hybrid bonders. Various categories of binders showed similar properties in terms of resistance to aging and the extent of infl uencing of the porous substrate. The porous cement substrate was reported to be substantially infl uenced by all tested binders. Therefore, none of the tested binders can be unambiguously recommended for application in restoration practice.

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Fitzpatrick, John J., Shaozong Wu, Kevin Cronin, and Song Miao. "Self-Agglomeration in Fluidised Beds after Spray Drying." ChemEngineering 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4020035.

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Many powders are produced in spray-drying processes from liquid concentrates. Self-agglomeration can be performed in a fluidised bed where the spray-dried powder is agglomerated using the liquid concentrate as the binder material. This has advantages over traditional wet agglomeration in fluid beds using liquid binders (such as water or sugar solutions). These include thermal energy savings and no additional non-aqueous binder components added. The work presented has two parts. The first part is experimental, which investigated the self-agglomeration of whey protein isolate (WPI) powder as a case-study. It showed that satisfactory agglomeration was achieved with a great improvement in the wettability of the powder. The second part of the work performed thermal energy analysis to estimate the energy saving potential of self-agglomeration, and how this is influenced by binder to powder ratio and binder solids concentration. For the WPI case-study, the analysis showed there is potential for a 19% saving in thermal energy requirement for self-agglomeration in comparison to traditional agglomeration using a water binder.

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Yang, Zhijun, Chi Sun Wong, Chun Yang, Zhi-Hong Jiang, Zhongzhen Zhao, and Liang Liu. "Control Release Effects of Binders Used in Pills of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 54, no. 2 (2006): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.188.

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Alfimova, N., Sevda Pirieva, M. Elistratkin, N. Kozhuhova, and A. Titenko. "PRODUCTION METHODS OF BINDERS CONTAINING GYPSUM-BEARING WASTES: A REVIEW." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 11 (December 4, 2020): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-11-8-23.

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A large amount of research publications and analytical data, concerning gypsum-bearing wastes (GSW) gives an understanding of their huge volumes in many countries, as well as the urgent need to find solutions and opportunities that open up in the development and implementation of effective technologies for the disposal of GSW in various areas of the construction industry. In this paper, the review of actual technological approaches for recycling of GSW in the framework of such field of utilization as a gypsum binder production. It was found, that application of traditional technologies of synthesis of binders, containing natural raw materials is not reasonable for GSW-bearing binders due to variation in component composition, high concentration of impurities, and high dispersion. For this reason, the most advanced technologies proposed by various researchers provide for measures to correct these shortcomings or involve the synthesis of the final product - a high-quality gypsum binder, which is based on different principles - growing crystals of the desired geometry and properties in salt and acid solutions. These technologies are characterized by complexity, a negative impact on equipment, and personnel. In addition, they lead to the formation of secondary waste, which reduces the attractiveness of their practical implementation. Synthesis of GSW-bearing binders using the method of calcining is the simplest technologically and organizationally, but the binders are characterized by unsatisfactory physical and mechanical properties. The desired way to increase their profitability and investment attractiveness is the possibility of providing comprehensive processing of raw materials, where the final product will be not only binders but also other conditioned products, taking into account the minimum formation of secondary waste. The development of such technology of GSW recycling and its implementation on a commercial scale will allow increasing the volume of GSW recycling as well as to solve the ecological aspects and to expand the raw materials source base in regions where this problem is actual

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Lesovik, Valery S., N. V. Chernysheva, and M. Yu Drebezgova. "Properties of Composite Gypsum Binders Depending on Multicomponent Mineral Additives." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.238.

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This article considers the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of composite gypsum binders (CGB) by controlling the processes of structure formation as a result of using new types of multicomponent mineral additives that are significantly different from the traditionally used quartz raw materials:- waste of wet magnetic separation of ferrous quartzites (WMS waste,) of polymineral composition with quartzy of varying degrees of crystallinity, nanodispersed silica and chalk powder. We have studied the cause-effect relationship between the change in the ratio of binding and mineral additives of various compositions, which determines the conditions for the formation of technological and strength characteristics of the projected composite materials with specified performance properties. We have established the presence of regularities in the changes in the properties of CGB, the composition of the hardening products and the microstructure depending on the type and content of gypsum binders of β-and α-modifications, portland cement, multicomponent finely-dispersed mineral additives, the regularity consists in the binding of portlandite, which is released upon portland cement hydration, by the amorphous phase of earth siliconas a part ofnanodispersed powder and chalcedony variety of quartz waste of wet magnetic separation of ferruginous quartzites. This provides a reduction in the basicity of the solidifying system, the intensification of crystal formation, and the formation of newgrowths with a high content of tobormorite-low-basic calcium hydrosilicates that compact the microstructure of the hardening matrix and, as a result, increase the water resistance and stability. It is noted that this mechanism of hydration of CGB minimizes inner stresses and volume deformations, therefore the number of microcracks decreases, which leads to an increase in its efficiency in comparison with the traditionally used gypsum binder and that differs from the traditional portland cement by a fast strength generation.

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Tereshkin, Alexander Valerievich, Irina Vladimirovna Kirichkova, and Vladimir Viktorovich Kruglyak. "Technology of Building Composites on the Basis of Portlandite-Aluminosilicate Contact Condensation Systems of Hardening." Key Engineering Materials 802 (May 2019): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.802.79.

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Since ancient times, lime, lime pozzolanic, lime-cement, lime-clay binders, the compositions of which our ancestors found empirically, widely and everywhere used in construction. Even in the first half of the XX century, these binders occupied a significant place in the construction practice. The development of production and the relative availability of cement led to a significant reduction in demand for many clinker-free, including lime (Portland) binders. Today, the priorities of scientific and applied technological developments of both traditional building materials and materials of new generations are determined by the actualization of the concept and criteria of resource saving and energy efficiency.

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Gabaza, Molly, Habtu Shumoy, Lindsey Louwagie, Maud Muchuweti, Peter Vandamme, Gijs Du Laing, and Katleen Raes. "Traditional fermentation and cooking of finger millet: Implications on mineral binders and subsequent bioaccessibility." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 68 (May 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.011.

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Antonovič, Valentin, Stasys Goberis, and Romualdas Mačiulaitis. "THE EFFECT OF SODIUM SILICATE AND ITS SOLUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF REFRACTORY COMPLEX BINDER/NATRIO SILIKATO KIEKIO IR JO TIRPALO TANKIO ĮTAKA KOMPLEKSINIO KAITRAI ATSPARAUS RIŠIKLIO SAVYBĖMS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 5, no. 3 (June 30, 1999): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1999.10531464.

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In order to improve thermal and mechanical characteristics of a traditional binder with liquid glass a complex binder consisting of liquid glass, its hardener and alumina cement (“Gorkal 70” containing not less than 70 per cent of AI2O3) was tested. Sodium silicate and its solution effect on physical and mechanical properties of a new refractory complex binder (Table 1, Fig 2) were investigated. The results obtained show that compressive strength of binding compound with high quantity of sodium silicate (N3) is the lowest after it had been cured, dried and fired at 300–600°C (Fig 3). It was also found that the strength of a complex binder with small quantity of sodium silicate (N1) in the temperature range of 20–600°C is 2–3 times as high as that of a traditional binder with dispersed fire-clay. The study in the formation of the structure of a complex binders dilatometric tests have also been made. After initial heating at 80–500°C the compositions contracted (Fig 4) due to dehidratation. At the temperature range of 580–750°C the contraction of compositions continue due to reactions at the solid phase. The hypothesis of the hardening mechanism in the complex binder was proposed. Liquid glass tends to restrain the hydration of the alumina cement though hardeners and sodium silicate interaction result in the intense formation of sodium calcium hydrosilicates. Therefore, a complex binder contains less sodium silicate than a traditional one while being used at higher temperature.

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Coppola, Luigi, Tiziano Bellezze, Alberto Belli, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Fabio Bolzoni, Andrea Brenna, Marina Cabrini, et al. "Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction—part 1." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 3 (July 2018): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800018782845.

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This review presents “a state of the art” report on sustainability in construction materials. The authors propose different solutions to make the concrete industry more environmentally friendly in order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and consumption of non-renewable resources. Part 1—the present paper—focuses on the use of binders alternative to Portland cement, including sulfoaluminate cements, alkali-activated materials, and geopolymers. Part 2 will be dedicated to traditional Portland-free binders and waste management and recycling in mortar and concrete production.

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Unbehaun, Holger, Till Hieronymus, Sören Tech, and André Wagenführ. "Development and properties of a new oil binding system for marine application." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1474.

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ABSTRACT Traditional marine oil response technology is based on ship borne techniques with oil/water separation by skimmer. These systems are very sensitive to weather conditions and have a long response time. Furthermore, conventional solid binder systems are unsuitable for marine application. Within the research project BIOBIND, a new binder system for marine application was developed and evaluated. The oil binders are made of biogenic and biodegradable wood-fiber, which cause only a small environmental impact and are very cost-efficient. They show a high porosity of 85 %, a high oil absorption capacity of approx. 600 kg m−3 (especially for thin oil films down to 0.03 mm), and a high retention capacity for oil. On the water surface, these binders achieve an oil recovery rate of 80 % with a coverage dosage of 11 %. Having a square geometry of 50 x 50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm, the binder has superior properties for manufacturing, storage, oil adsorption and recovery. The binder system was produced in industrial scale and tested during a large scale field experiment at the Baltic Sea in the summer of 2013. Its binding capacity and flotation ability were evaluated in mesocosm tests. Because of its hydrophobic properties, the binder floated for more than 8 days. Experiments of airborne application, monitoring, and ship borne recovery confirmed the suitability of the binder system. Due to airborne distribution, the binder system is also suitable for application during bad weather conditions and on shallow water territories. The paper describes the development of a solid oil binding system suitable for new marine application and presents the results of laboratory scale, mesocosm and field experiments.

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Ghosh, Debaroti, Mugurel Turos, Ed Johnson, and Mihai Marasteanu. "Rheological characterization of asphalt binders treated with bio sealants for pavement preservation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 5 (May 2018): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0058.

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Pavement preservation is playing an increasingly significant role in maintaining our aged pavement infrastructure under severe budget constraints. One important component is the use of surface treatments based on application of sealants. Recently, a number of new products, called bio sealants, have been used to treat aging pavement surfaces. The objective of this study is to investigate rheological properties of the binders treated with these materials to understand the mechanism by which they may improve pavement performance. One plain asphalt binder and four types of sealants, two oil-based sealants, one water-based sealant, and one traditional emulsion were used in the experimental work. The results obtained using a dynamic shear rheometer and a bending beam rheometer were used to determine the changes in rheological properties and the change in performance grade. It was observed that the oil-based sealants have a significant softening effect of the control binder compared to the water-based sealants. The transverse cracking histories from field investigation were used to verify the laboratory findings.

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Et. al., P. Suresh Chandra,. "Dynamic and Analysis of A Geo-Polymer Concrete Structure." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.303.

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The standard portland cement (OPC) was traditionally used as the binding agent in concrete. However it is also important to find alternative emissions-free concrete binding agents to reduce environmental damage caused by cement manufacturing. Geopolymers, also known as inorganic polymers, use byproducts like fly ash rather than cement. Recent studies have shown that geopolymer concrete based on fly ash has enough properties for use. As the geopolymer strength mechanism is different from the OPC binder, an appropriate constituent model for geopolymer concrete must be obtained in order to predict the load-deflection behavior and strength of geopolymer concrete structural components. A number of problems faced with today's cement industry are addressed by geopolymer binders. These binders have similar or better engineering qualities in comparison with cement and can use many types of waste materials. This project describes the seismic analysis of buildings with high-rise structures, the model of residential G+10 buildings with traditional concrete and geopolymer concrete properties is modelled and analysis is carried out using the response spectra method considering the position of the building in zone III, this analysis would generate the effect of higher vibration modes and real force distribution in elastic range. Test results include maximum story shifts, maximum story drifts, story shears and story stiffness, and an efficient lateral load resistance system, helping to establish whether geo-polymer concrete can be used in high-rise building construction as dynamic loads are included in the high-rise structures

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Grishina, Anna Nikolaevna, and Evgeniy Valerjevich Korolev. "New Radiation-Protective Binder for Special-Purpose Composites." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.318.

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The present work is devoted to the examination of new radiation-protective binder for special-purpose composite materials. The mixture for such advanced binder is developed. The mixture includes portland cement together with special component – barium hydrosilicates. The latter are micro-sized mineral admixtures which are synthesized by means of low-temperature sol-gel process. The parameters of early structure forming process (including normal density and setting time) are studied. Mechanical properties of the developed binders are determined. It has been shown that admixture of barium hydrosilicates leads to an increase of normal density. Both low and high setting times are reducing for composite binder with barium hydrosilicates. Values of compressive strength are significantly higher (up to 75%) if compared with traditional binder for radiation-protective building materials. It is also revealed during examination of protective properties that for X-ray photons with energy Eγ = 0.1 MeV linear coefficient of attenuation increases by 80%.

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Checa-Moreno, R., E. Manzano, G. Mirón, and L. F. Capitan-Vallvey. "Comparison between traditional strategies and classification technique (SIMCA) in the identification of old proteinaceous binders." Talanta 75, no. 3 (May 15, 2008): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.12.020.

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Mejía-Arcila, J., W. Valencia-Saavedra, and R. Mejía de Gutiérrez. "Eco-efficient alkaline activated binders for manufacturing blocks and pedestrian pavers with low carbon footprint: Mechanical properties and LCA assessment." Materiales de Construcción 70, no. 340 (December 30, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2020.17419.

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This study proposes using two types of binders based on fly ash (FA) as primary raw material and a calcium source such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) or Portland cement (OPC) for the production of eco-efficient pre-fabricated materials. These binders are denoted FA/GBFS (70/30) and FA/OPC (80/20). A mix of commercial sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide was used as a traditional activator (SN), and the mix of rice husk ash (RHA) and NaOH as an alternative activator (RN). The results show the possibility of obtaining a binary cement (FA/GBFS-RN) with compressive strength up to 38 MPa after curing for 28 days and 65 MPa after curing for 360 days. The hybrid binder (FA/OPC-RN) reported 30 MPa and 61 MPa at the same age of curing. Additionally, FA/GBFS-RN reports reductions in the environmental and health impacts of up to 75% compared to systems made with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Based on the results, FA/GBFS-RN paste was selected as the optimal material for producing masonry blocks and pedestrian pavers, which met the Colombian standards.

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Zach, Jiri, Martin Sedlmajer, Jan Bubenik, and Vitezslav Novak. "Utilization of Non-Traditional Fibers for Light Weight Concrete Production." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.231.

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Along with energy savings for heating and cooling, the demand for thermal insulation materials is increasing and is an attempt to achieve good thermal insulation properties for some of the construction materials. In the field of porous and lightweight concrete, this is e.g. concrete for foundations, concrete for floor constructions or flat roofs. The problem with these concrete is a relatively rapid drop in mechanical properties in reducing bulk density, with using conventional silicate binders, especially in the area below 1000 kg/m3. The paper describes the possibility of using recycled organic fibers in combination with lightweight aggregates based on foam glass for the production of porous and lightweight concrete with a good ratio of mechanical and thermal insulation properties.

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Baltazar, Luis G., Fernando M. A. Henriques, Diana Temporão, and Maria Teresa Cidade. "Experimental Assessment of Geopolymer Grouts for Stone Masonry Strengthening." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.507.

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Grout injection is a useful repair and strengthening technique to intervene in old masonry buildings. Until now, a very limited amount of work has been reported on the potential of geopolymers for consolidation of old stone masonry walls. In the last decades there has been several research initiatives focus on the development of materials involving a higher volume of supplementary cementitious materials that substitute the traditional binders. Geopolymers that were developed as a part of these efforts, can not only reduce the dependence on traditional binders, but also potentially present materials with less environmental impacts and improved performance. This study investigates the fresh and hardened properties of grouts composed of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) and geopolymer. The experiments were conducted using a geopolymer made of fly ash, sodium hydroxide and water. The effects of the replacement of NHL by the fly ash-based geopolymer (at the dosages of 0, 20, 50, 80 and 100%) on the rheological parameters, stability, water absorption, compressive strength and durability were investigated. The results showed that the geopolymer-based grout has several advantages regarding the mechanical strength, durability and fresh stability, but the improvement of their rheological performances proved to be a challenging task. Overall, the findings of this study will be useful in assessing the design of grouts incorporating alternative binders and consequently contribute to the improvement of the grouting technique.

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Schwaar, Timm, Maike Lettow, Dario Remmler, Hans G. Börner, and Michael G. Weller. "Efficient Screening of Combinatorial Peptide Libraries by Spatially Ordered Beads Immobilized on Conventional Glass Slides." High-Throughput 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ht8020011.

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Screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) libraries is a proven procedure for the identification of protein-binding ligands. The demand for binders with high affinity and specificity towards various targets has surged in the biomedical and pharmaceutical field in recent years. The traditional peptide screening involves tedious steps such as affinity selection, bead picking, sequencing, and characterization. Herein, we present a high-throughput “all-on-one chip” system to avoid slow and technically complex bead picking steps. On a traditional glass slide provided with an electrically conductive tape, beads of a combinatorial peptide library are aligned and immobilized by application of a precision sieve. Subsequently, the chip is incubated with a fluorophore-labeled target protein. In a fluorescence scan followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, high-affinity binders are directly and unambiguously sequenced with high accuracy without picking of the positive beads. The use of an optimized ladder sequencing approach improved the accuracy of the de-novo sequencing step to nearly 100%. The new technique was validated by employing a FLAG-based model system, identifying new peptide binders for the monoclonal M2 anti-FLAG antibody, and was finally utilized to search for IgG-binding peptides. In the present format, more than 30,000 beads can be screened on one slide.

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GRAY, NICHOLAS A., RATHIKA KRISHNASAMY, DEEPAK L. VARDESH, PETER R. HOLLETT, and CHRIS M. ANSTEY. "Impact of non-traditional phosphate binders and cinacalcet on haemodialysis patient biochemistry, pill burden and cost." Nephrology 16, no. 8 (October 27, 2011): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01482.x.

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Reeves, Tiffany, Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff, and Claire E. Lenehan. "Towards identification of traditional European and indigenous Australian paint binders using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 803 (November 2013): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.012.

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Völker, Christoph, Rafia Firdous, Dietmar Stephan, and Sabine Kruschwitz. "Sequential learning to accelerate discovery of alkali-activated binders." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 28 (July 19, 2021): 15859–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06324-z.

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AbstractAlkali-activated binders (AAB) can provide a clean alternative to conventional cement in terms of CO2 emissions. However, as yet there are no sufficiently accurate material models to effectively predict the AAB properties, thus making optimal mix design highly costly and reducing the attractiveness of such binders. This work adopts sequential learning (SL) in high-dimensional material spaces (consisting of composition and processing data) to find AABs that exhibit desired properties. The SL approach combines machine learning models and feedback from real experiments. For this purpose, 131 data points were collected from different publications. The data sources are described in detail, and the differences between the binders are discussed. The sought-after target property is the compressive strength of the binders after 28 days. The success is benchmarked in terms of the number of experiments required to find materials with the desired strength. The influence of some constraints was systematically analyzed, e.g., the possibility to parallelize the experiments, the influence of the chosen algorithm and the size of the training data set. The results show the advantage of SL, i.e., the amount of data required can potentially be reduced by at least one order of magnitude compared to traditional machine learning models, while at the same time exploiting highly complex information. This brings applications in laboratory practice within reach.

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Holý, Michal, and Eva Remišová. "Characterization of Bitumen Binders on the Basis of Their Thermo-Viscous Properties." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2019-0004.

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Abstract Bitumen is one of the basic building materials that is mainly used in road construction. Nowadays, we can observe increased requirements for the quality of bituminous binders, which are due to increased traffic loads, changing climate conditions, and decreasing crude oil stocks. Besides “traditional” (empirical) tests (softening point, penetration), new types of tests have been developed that can better describe the quality and behavior of bitumen binders. Their composition can also be a significant part of the properties themselves. Therefore, the elemental and group composition of bitumen must also be observed. The use of the viscosity temperature susceptibility (VTS) test appears to be well suited to evaluate the properties of bitumen binders. The VTS parameter is directly dependent on the viscosity of bitumen, but it is necessary to say that VTS can be significantly affected by the composition of the bitumen. The paper is focused on determining the dependencies between the VTS and the bitumen’s composition, respectively, to find out how the composition influences the VTS.

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Bian, Li Bo, Juan Hong Liu, and Li Li. "Research on Physical and Hydration Heat Characteristics of the Multi-Component Cementitious Materials." Materials Science Forum 866 (August 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.866.94.

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In order to get the various strength grade of the cement and know the characterics of the hydration heat of multi-component cementitious binders, in this paper, we get the component-cement with low content clinker and high content admixture. The cement properties, the hydration heat properties and the self-construction properties of composite cementitious binders with different rations of the mixture are tested.The results showed that the 56th compressive strength can get 58.4Mpa which is 4.4MPa higher than the traditional cement.The hydration heat of cement with high dosage admixture has a greatly reduction. The heat amount and the hydration release speed are both lower than the tradtional . The value of self-constriction is obviously decreased.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Traditional binders'

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