Journal articles: 'Trading relations'

1

McRoberts, Gerald, and Donald Shankweiler. "Trading relations in intonation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, S1 (May 1988): S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025556.

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Jackson, William A. "Active and Passive Trading Relations." Journal of Economic Issues 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2019.1568108.

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Parker, Ellen M., Randy L. Diehl, and Keith R. Kluender. "Trading relations in speech and nonspeech." Perception & Psychophysics 39, no. 2 (March 1986): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211495.

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Wright, Richard. "Trading relations; discrete versus continuous perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 4 (April 1993): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406046.

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Fernández, Mary, Wang-Chiew Tan, and Dan Suciu. "SilkRoute: trading between relations and XML." Computer Networks 33, no. 1-6 (June 2000): 723–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1286(00)00061-x.

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Laursen, Finn. "Market access issues in EC-US relations: trading partners or trading blows?" International Affairs 68, no. 3 (July 1992): 534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623010.

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Pogodin, S. N., and T. S. Yagya. "On Development of American-Chinese Trading Relations." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, no. 3 (October 18, 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2020-3-26-38.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the of American-Chinese trading relations’ development at the present stage. The economic strategies of the USA and China towards each other in the period up to 2016 are investigated and the changes that have occurred in the positions and activities of the administration of these two states since 2017 are tracked. The statistical data reflecting the state of bilateral trade of the USA and China, their investment activities for the period up to 2016 and in the new period from 2017 are analyzed. The emphasis is on identifying new features of American-Chinese trade and investment cooperation during the D. Trump’s administration. Attention is paid to the motives of the trade conflict named the trade war between the USA and China, and its results.

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Auther, Linda L., Marleen T. Ochs, and Ralph N. Ohde. "Trading relations for puretone analogues of speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 4 (October 1992): 2464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404497.

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Smirnov, V. V. "Analyzing trade and financial relations in Russia today." Finance and Credit 26, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 1703–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.8.1703.

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Subject. The article discusses trading and financial relations of today’s Russia. Objectives. The article is to determine requirements for trading and financial relations to progress in Russia today and evaluate how they influence the economic growth. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and the statistical analysis. Results. Having analyzed trading and financial relations, I found what can give an impetus to the contemporary economy in Russia, i.e. oil prices, related risks. The article demonstrates that government bonds (federal loan bonds) cushion and set off an increase in the foreign exchange rate. The dynamics of the oil price and the issue of federal loan bonds shape the environment where trading and financial relations evolve in Russia today, i.e. export prices for natural resources outgrowing prices for some commodities; a stalling growth in the acquisition of financial assets, debt instruments and a growth in liabilities, equity and shares of mutual funds; a growing pace of long positions of forward, futures, options contracts due to a slow down in short positions; rising pace of official reserve assets. As long as the international trade slows down and the global recession begins, the existing trading and financial relations resulted in a palpable economic growth. Conclusions and Relevance. Opportunities for the development of trade and financial relations in contemporary Russia are conditioned by the changing world order, which determines the dynamics of economic growth. The findings expand the knowledge and create new competencies of governmental authorities when making managerial decisions to ensure the effective design of the Russian economy in terms of the current trading and financial policy.

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Macdonald, Laura. "Trading places." Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 16, no. 2 (July 2010): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2010.9687311.

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Winham, Gilbert R. "Trading places." Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 16, no. 2 (July 2010): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2010.9687312.

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Zhang, Yichi, Zhiliang Dong, Sen Liu, Qiaoran Yang, and Yanjing Jia. "Prediction of the Potential Trade Relationship of Lithium-Ion Battery’s Main Element Raw Material Minerals Combined with the Local Characteristics of the Trade Network." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 8, 2023): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2280027.

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In recent years, with the rapid development of the lithium-ion battery industry, the massive upstream consumption of mineral raw materials has led to great crises and challenges in balancing global supply and demand. A diversity of trading partners can effectively alleviate the pressure of supply and demand for raw materials; so, it is particularly important for trading countries to find suitable trading partners. This study takes nine important minerals contained in the main element raw materials of lithium-ion batteries as the research object, and the international trade data range from 2011 to 2020. The study combines complex networks and motifs and links prediction methods to predict the potential international trade relations of the nine minerals based on the actual network topology. We summarize three trade link rules as follows. (1) The predicted links have a timeliness requirement, and they generally turn into actual trade links within 3 years. (2) When looking for trading partners, trading countries tend to establish long-term and stable trade relations. (3) The existing trade relations will promote the establishment of predicted trade relations. In addition, we find that successfully predicted links will promote the formation of important motifs in the network. This study can provide a theoretical basis for trading countries to find suitable trading partners and can strengthen the safety of trading countries in the trade of the main element minerals for lithium-ion batteries.

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Cai, Hui, Yanmin Zhu, Jie Li, and Jiadi Yu. "Double Auction for a Data Trading Market with Preferences and Conflicts of Interest." Computer Journal 62, no. 10 (June 13, 2019): 1490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxz025.

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Abstract The advent of big data era has given rise to the big data trading market because of the potentially enormous economic value. However, designing an effective trading mechanism for the data trading market is still in its infancy. Existing several incentive mechanisms have neglected the important fact that data consumers have both preferences and complex conflicts of interest (CoI) relations among them. In response to the limitations of existing trading mechanisms, we propose DTPCI, a truthful double auction mechanism for a Data Trading market with two unique characteristics of consumers’ Preferences and complex CoI relations among them. However, three major challenges have to be addressed, i.e. diverse market preferences, the complex CoI relations of data consumers and the strategic behaviors of both two sides. To jointly address the three challenges, we propose DTPCI to achieve nonnegative social welfare, which features a group rule and a data trading rule. The group rule generates all conflict-free virtual groups based on the CoI graph. The data trading rule adopts the group buying to share data and expense. Through rigorous theoretical analysis and real-data based experiments, we demonstrate that DTPCI achieves all the desired economic properties.

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Chen, An-Sing, Hung-Gay Fung, and Erin H. C. Kao. "The dynamic relations among return volatility, trading imbalance, and trading volume in futures markets." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 79, no. 3 (December 2008): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2008.01.045.

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Di Maggio, Marco, Amir Kermani, and Zhaogang Song. "The value of trading relations in turbulent times." Journal of Financial Economics 124, no. 2 (May 2017): 266–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.01.003.

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Hong, Harrison, and Ming Huang. "Talking up liquidity: insider trading and investor relations." Journal of Financial Intermediation 14, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2003.08.004.

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Kumar, Satish. "The relationship between trading volume and exchange rate volatility: linear or nonlinear?" International Journal of Managerial Finance 15, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-02-2018-0060.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the linear and nonlinear relations between returns volatility and trading volume for the Indian currency futures market.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the contemporaneous relation between returns volatility and volume, the author uses the generalized method of moment estimator. For the linear causal relation, the author makes use of Granger (1969) bivariate vector autoregression model. The author tests for nonlinear Granger causality between returns volatility and trading volume based on a modified version of the Baek and Brock (1992) nonparametric technique developed by Hiemstra and Jones (1994).FindingsThe results indicate a negative contemporaneous relation between returns volatility and trading volume; therefore, the mixture of distribution hypothesis is not supported. The results of both linear and nonlinear Granger causality between futures returns volatility and trading volume indicate a significant bidirectional relation between the two variables lending support to the sequential arrival of information hypothesis. The results are robust to divergence of opinions as proxied by open interest.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper are important for the participants in the market and regulators. The participants in the market require alternatives to diversify their risk. The significant causal relation between returns volatility and trading volume implies that trading volume helps predict the futures prices and should lead to creation of more reliable hedging strategies for investment purposes. Furthermore, it may interest the regulators who need to decide upon the appropriateness of their policies in the currency futures market.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, there is no study that investigates the forecast ability of trading volume to futures returns volatility in an emerging currency futures market. Given that currency futures market is one of the largest markets in the world, and Indian rupee has seen wide fluctuations in the recent years, it seems exciting to explore the price–volume relation in the Indian currency futures market.

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Adabiya, H. "Maritime relations between Kollam and the portuguese – A review." ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/11.2/64-68.

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India has an ancient and glorious maritime history and tradition in which the Kerala Coast occupied a position of pride from very early days. The coast of Kerala has a rich and long maritime heritage. The geographical situations and economic resources made this country a great trading and maritime power. Kollam is an important trading town with a well set up Port. It had trading relation with Chinese, Arabs and other oriental world. Kollam is an old sea Port town on the Arabian coast had a sustained commercial reputation from the days of Phoenicians and the Romans. The place was famous for trade in cotton, pepper, ginger, cardamom and other articles of merchandize. Moreover plenty of fish, rice, bananas, fruits and pulses available there.The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a trading centre at Kollam. The present paper seeks to analyze the maritime intercourse between Kollam and the Portuguese. The arrival of Vasco Da Gama at Calicut in1498 brought Kerala into the arena of international politics. Thangasseri in Kollam is one of the earliest settlements of the Portuguese. Certainly, the impact of the early colonizers on Thangasseri is very deep. It brought about far reaching changes in the socio-cultural and religious map of the city. It is true that the arrival of Portuguese made many socio-economic changes in Kerala. The Portuguese policy of establishing their supremacy cannot be confined to trade alone.

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Wade, Robert Hunter, and Philippe Legrain. "Trading Strategies." Foreign Policy, no. 143 (July 2004): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4152896.

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Cooper, Richard N., and Jeffrey A. Frankel. "Regional Trading Blocs in the World Trading System." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 2 (1998): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20048805.

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Kang, Dongsuk, Pil-sun Heo, and Duk Hee Lee. "Global trade of South Korea in competitive products and their impact on regional dependence." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): e0267695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267695.

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The economic growth of a nation under the competition among countries can result from the interaction of the diversity and complexity of product export and import relations on the globe. This research aims to evaluate the competitiveness of South Korea’s trading products and its partner countries’ dependency by implementing a product and partner-based analysis. This research raises questions about the transactional positions of products and trading partners based on the diversification of import-export relations of South Korea. This study utilizes the matrix of products and trading partners from the Korean product export and import data from 1995 to 2015. The research analyzes Korea’s product competitiveness and dependency of trading countries on Korea using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and a nonlinear iterative method (NIM). The study finds that the products of several manufacturing industries showed a large production scale. From the global perspective, the trade dependency on Korea was high in Asia and in Africa and South America where the portion of underdeveloped or developing countries is relatively large. This research suggests that Korea may face difficulties of continuing growth if it maintains or intensifies its trade relation pattern under the environment of rapidly changing technology and economy. Therefore, diversification and mutual complementarity could be important for the export of promising products and industrial development policy.

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Pastore, Richard E., and Jody Kaplan Layer. "An evaluation of psychophysical trading relations and perceptual cues." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, S1 (May 1988): S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025554.

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Torniak, Gail R., and James R. Sawusch. "Integrality and trading relations across syllabic and lexical boundaries." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, S1 (May 1988): S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025555.

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Taylor, Alan D., and William S. Zwicker. "Quasi-weightings, Trading, and Desirability Relations in Simple Games." Games and Economic Behavior 16, no. 2 (October 1996): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/game.1996.0089.

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Grubel, Herbert G. "The world trading system: Law and international economic relations." Journal of International Economics 30, no. 1-2 (February 1991): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(91)90015-x.

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Podsokha, Anna. "Methodical approaches to assessing the use of trading strategies in the commodity exchange market." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 2020/1 (January 30, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2020-1-2.

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Introduction. Exchange trading is a fairly widespread type of market process. The emergence and development of exchanges are due to changes in the formation of economic processes between participants in market relations. Complications of trade and economic relations have contributed to the formation of various types of exchanges. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the implementation of trading strategies in the commodity exchange market. Results. The essence and structure of a trading strategy are determined. The main advantages and disadvantages of using a trading strategy on the stock market are substantiated. The dependence of trading strategies on the accuracy of quan-titative information is proved on the basis of which they are formed. The main types of technical and fundamental trading strategies are described. Trading strategies based on four levels of management (support strategy, reduction strategy, growth strategy) are considered. The essence of business strategy is defined. Trade strategies are described in the context of the pro-posed classification by areas of the agribusiness entity activity. Exchange trade is defined as a component of relations trans-parency in the market of goods and services of the agrarian exchange market. The financial instruments of the stock market are characterized. Peculiarities of derivatives use in the international practice are given. The role of price is substantiated as the main factor influencing the production of goods and products. The analogy of price formation on the stock and free mar-kets is made. The method of determining the factors influencing the movement of the value of agricultural products is sub-stantiated. The necessity of accurate consideration of the main factors influence in the process of the trading strategy for-mation is proved. The importance of understanding the trade goals for the development and implementation of the strategy is emphasized. Conclusions. The important role of trading strategies in the process of exchange trading is substantiated. The es-sence and features of trade strategies formation are defined. It is established that the use of an effective trading strategy helps to increase the validity level of decisions for traders and investors. Key words: trading strategy, methodical approach, stock market, investor, trader, agricultural products, cost.

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Dankwah, Kwaku Opoku, and Marko Valenta. "Chinese entrepreneurial migrants in Ghana: socioeconomic impacts and Ghanaian trader attitudes." Journal of Modern African Studies 57, no. 1 (March 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000678.

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AbstractThis article explores attitudes of Ghanaian traders towards an increasing Chinese influx into Ghanaian trading spaces and the impacts of Chinese merchants on Ghanaian traders and trading spaces. Despite a late entrance of Chinese merchants into Ghanaian trading spaces relative to Lebanese, Indians and Nigerians, the abrupt change in size of the Chinese trading community along with its huge capital and cheap goods have had big impacts on local trading spaces. We maintain that relations between Ghanaian traders and Chinese counterparts may be roughly described as complementary, collaborative and competitive. While the Chinese impacts are seen as positive by some Ghanaian traders and landlords, they are negative for others. Yet, we argue that these relations are also nuanced and rooted in each Ghanaian trader's position amidst the Chinese presence. This article contributes to the literature on dynamics of South-to-South movements. It adds to growing studies on contemporary Chinese emigrations and accompanying impacts in host communities.

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Das, Dilip K. "The Global Trading System." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 57, no. 4 (December 2002): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200205700406.

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Xie, Fengjie, Xiaoxiao Yin, and Ruifen Sun. "Research on the Multilayer Network of Relations of Western Agricultural Trade along the Belt and Road." Mathematics 10, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10183298.

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This paper defines the weighted super adjacency matrix based on the existing super adjacency matrix. This paper, for the first time, combines the trade network, competitive network, and complementary network to construct the trade multilayer network, and innovatively defines the interlayer connections. Based on this, we build trade multilayer networks for three major agricultural products in the western region along the “Belt and Road”. The paper then proposes analytical methods, including a classification algorithm for local network relations and a comparative analysis of trade development priorities based on the local network relations. The former is used to identify and categorize key trading countries and potential trading countries for western agricultural products along the “Belt and Road”. The latter is used to examine the western regions’ order of priority in developing trade relations with the classified countries. According to the findings, category I agricultural trade has 37 key trading countries among the “Belt and Road” countries. Their local network relationships are classified into six groups, and their trade development priorities are classified into four levels. There are 49 key trading countries in category II agricultural trade. Their local network relations can be classified into three groups, and their trade development priorities can be classified into two levels. There are 62 key trading countries in category IV agricultural trade. Their local network relationships are classified into six groups, and their trade development priorities are classified into four levels. Furthermore, only Chile is a potential trading partner in category I agricultural trade. Finally, this paper offers policy recommendations for the development of agricultural trade along the “Belt and Road” in the western region.

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Kamalipour, Hesam, and Nastaran Peimani. "Negotiating Space and Visibility: Forms of Informality in Public Space." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 4807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174807.

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Street trading has become integral to how public space works in cities of the global South. It cannot be considered as marginal since it gears to the urban economy and works as a key mode of income generation for the urban poor to sustain livelihoods. A poor understanding of how forms of street trading work in public space can lead to poor design and policy interventions. While many practices of formalization aim at the elimination of informality, the challenge is to explore the complex informal/formal relations and the dynamics of street trading to understand how forms of informality negotiate space and visibility in the public realm. In this paper, we propose a typology of street trading, based on the criteria of mobility within public space and proximity to public/private urban interfaces. While exploring the degrees of mobility in informal street trading can be crucial to the modes of governance and adaptability involved, of critical importance is to investigate how street trading takes place in relation to the built form—particularly the edges of public space where public/private interfaces enable or constrain exchange and appropriation. The developed typology provides a better understanding of the dynamics of street trading and contributes to the ways in which the built environment professions can most effectively engage with interventions in public space without eradicating the scope for informal adaptations.

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Kumar, Muneesh, and Mamta Sareen. "Trust and Technology in Inter-Organizational Business Relations." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2009091504.

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The emergence of inter-organizational system has facilitated easy and fast flow of information among the trading partners. This has affected the business relations among the trading parties involved. Though the inter-organizational systems have helped a lot in improving the business relations, the vulnerability and the virtual environment of such systems raise the issues of trust that may affect the long-term business relations. This article makes an attempt to empirically examine the relationship between the levels of assurance with regard to deployment and implementation of relevant technology tools in addressing the identified technologyrelated trust issues and ultimately enhancing the perceived level of trust in inter-organizational business relations. The empirical evidence presented in this article is based on a survey of 106 Indian companies using inter-organizational systems for managing their business relations.

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Chen, Jing, and David G. McMillan. "Stock returns, illiquidity and feedback trading." Review of Accounting and Finance 19, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-02-2017-0024.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the relation between illiquidity, feedback trading and stock returns for several European markets, using panel regression methods, during the financial and the sovereign debt crises. The authors’ interest here lies twofold. First, the authors seek to compare the results obtained here under crisis conditions with those in the existing literature. Second, and of greater importance, the authors wish to examine the interaction between liquidity and feedback trading and their effect on stock returns. Design/methodology/approach The authors jointly model both feedback trading and illiquidity, which are typically considered in isolation. The authors use panel estimation methods to examine the relations across the European markets as a whole. Findings The key results suggest that in common with the literature, illiquidity has a negative impact upon contemporaneous stock returns, while supportive evidence of positive feedback trading is reported. However, in contrast to the existing literature, lagged illiquidity is not a priced risk, while negative shocks do not lead to greater feedback trading behaviour. Regarding the interaction between illiquidity and feedback trading, the study results support the view that greater illiquidity is associated with stronger positive feedback. Originality/value The study results suggest that when price changes are more observable, due to low liquidity, then feedback trading increases. Therefore, during the crisis periods that afflicted European markets, the lower levels of liquidity prevalent led to an increase in feedback trading. Thus, negative liquidity shocks that led to a fall in stock prices were exacerbated by feedback trading.

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Zhang, ZhongXiang. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading and the World Trading System." Journal of World Trade 32, Issue 5 (October 1, 1998): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1998045.

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Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel. "Cross-border cooperation: a global overview." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 47, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03043754211073463.

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This article is a review of regional cross-border coordination and cooperation around the world. Two questions are raised: when trade dominates, does economic or functional interdependency result in cross-border linkages? Second, when politics and institutions mediate cross-border relations, do economic relations intensify? Specifically, do local–central networks of government actors and institutions mediate such processes when they emerge? To investigate those two questions, this work focuses on cross-border relations in various parts of the world primarily focusing of the role trading relations or local–central relations would play in developing cross-border networks spanning an international boundary. In an era of globalisation, increased trade across regions of the world seem to have led to a specific increased cross-border cooperation, however, taking different forms from intense trading relations to resulting cross-border institutionalisation. Those forms of cross-border cooperation in the various regions of the world, however, do not result from the same drivers: For the purpose of a comparative analysis of cross-border relations, the argument developed here is that regional drivers determine types of relations from no relations to intense trading and government-like forms of cooperation. However, in most cases as suggested below, the prime drivers of cross-border relations, trade, do not necessarily translate into increased border spanning governmental activism, and government cross-border institutionalisation does not necessarily transmute into increased economic integration.

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Erviyani, Erviyani, Makkarennu Makkarennu, Muhammad Alif Kaimuddin Sahide, and Asar Said Mahbub. "Analisis Tata Niaga Rotan di Kelurahan Batu Kecamatan Pitu Riase Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang." Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat 9, no. 1 (July 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v9i1.2040.

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This study have purpose to determine the rattan trading channel and rattan trading functions, to know the interests of actors who play a role in every channel of rattan commerce and to know the power relations of each actor in the rattan trading channel. The research was conducted in February 2017 with the research location in Batu Village Pitu Riase Sub-District Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with farmer sample as many as 5 samples. For the involved trading institutions are determined by a search method in which 3 collectors sample sample and 1 sample of wholesalers. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Method of data analysis used is descriptive analysis to analyze farmer selling price and buying price of intermediary trader and to know the interest and relation of actor who play role in rattan trading channel. The results conclude that there is one trade channel in the research area, namely: farmers - collectors traders - wholesalers. The results of operational efficiency analysis show that the trading system channel is not efficient yet. The reason is the farmers still play a role as the recipient of the price. The level of importance between the actors on the rattan trading channel in Batu Village is different. Of the three elements of power (trust, incentive and coercion) can be concluded that the actors are influential and have the highest power of traders (industry).

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Leduc, Daniel. "WOOLCOCK, Stephen. Trading Partners of Trading Blows ? Market Access in EC-U.S. Relations. New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992, 144 p." Études internationales 24, no. 1 (1993): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703144ar.

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Nevskaya, Anastasia, and Yulia Baronina. "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: New Context for EU-Russia Relations." Contemporary Europe 106, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope620216374.

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The article examines the introduction of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) as part of the EU economy decarbonization. The implementation of this initiative poses certain risks for the EU trading partners. Moreover, this issue is extremely important for the entire global trading system. The purpose of the study is to assess the real threats of the mechanism for Russian companies and identify opportunities for successful adaptation to the new green realities. The theoretical approaches and prerequisites for the CBAM introduction are analyzed, its systemic effects for companies around the world are shown. The channels and possible scale of this measure’s impact on Russian exporters are considered. The authors analyze the main possible response scenarios for Russia. The most promising scenarios could be: a) intensification of the carbon-free energy and increasing the energy efficiency of production processes, 2) development of an alternative compensatory mechanism, 3) integration into the regional emissions trading system. A possible challenge of the CBAM introduction in the WTO may be ineffective; cooperation with countries outside the “green agenda” – counterproductive. It is concluded that there are opportunities for Russian companies to strengthen their competitiveness due to CBAM requirements. However, there is a lack of expertise in a number of areas and levels, which can hinder the implementation of these opportunities.

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Eckes, Alfred E. "Trading American Interests." Foreign Affairs 71, no. 4 (1992): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045314.

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Gordon, Bernard K. "Truth in Trading." Foreign Policy, no. 61 (1985): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1148703.

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Rodrik, Dani. "Trading in Illusions." Foreign Policy, no. 123 (March 2001): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3183155.

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Nguyen, Phuong Ha, Long Mong Hoang, and Dung Duy Nguyen. "ASEAN- Australia Trade Relations by Stages of Processing: Comparative Research." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i2.7993.

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ASEAN and Australia became the dialogue partner in 1974. Over 46 years of cooperation and development, ASEAN- Australia relations have achieved many good results, especially in recent years when two sides participate in several free trade agreements (FTAs) at bilateral levels and multilateral levels. In 2014, Australia and ASEAN formally became strategic partners, recognizing the importance of the relationship in building mutual benefits. Participation in FTAs and relationship upgrading has helped bilateral trade growth. In 2018-2019, Australia was the seventh-largest trading partner of ASEAN and ASEAN was one of Australia's top three trading partner, however, the two sides face many challenges such as the difficulties after the global crisis since 2009, the "spaghetti bowl" phenomenon of joining many agreements at the same time. Thus, to solve these problems, the production and exporting of comparative advantage goods by the stages of processing to participate in an ideal regional supply chain are very important. Based on the comparative theory and supply chain perspectives The paper compared revealed comparative advantage indexes of ASEAN countries and Australia from 2009 through 2018 to find which country in ASEAN is Australia's suitable partner from which provided the ideal effective supply chain distribution. After that, through trade value comparison, the paper examed if ASEAN countries and Australia specialized in production by stages of processing. From the results, appropriate recommendations were provided to enhance the trade relations between ASEAN and Australia.

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Ahmed, Walid M. A. "The asymmetric price-volume relation revisited: evidence from Qatar." Journal of Asia Business Studies 12, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-11-2015-0194.

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Purpose This study aims to revisit the stock price–volume relations, providing new evidence from the emerging market of Qatar. In particular, three main issues are examined using both aggregate market- and sector-level data. First, the return–volume relation and whether or not this relation is asymmetric. Second, the common characteristics of return volatility; and third, the nature of the relation between trading volume and return volatility. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the OLS and VAR modeling approaches to examine the contemporaneous and dynamic (causal) relations between index returns and trading volume, respectively, while an EGARCH-X(1,1) model is used to analyze the volatility–volume relation. The data set comprises daily index observations and the corresponding trading volumes for the entire market and the individual seven sectors of the Qatar Exchange (i.e. banks and financial services, consumer goods and services, industrials, insurance, real estate, telecommunications and transportation). Findings The empirical analysis reports evidence of a positive contemporaneous return–volume relation in all sectors barring transportation and insurance. This relation appears to be asymmetric for all sectors. For the market and almost all sectors, there is no significant causality between returns and volume. By and large, these findings lend support for the implications of the mixture of distributions hypothesis (MDH). Lastly, the information content of lagged volume seems to have an important role in predicting the future dynamics of return volatility in all sectors, with the industrials being the exception. Practical implications The findings provide important implications for portfolio managers and investors, given that the volume of transactions is generally found to be informative about the price movement of sector indices. Specifically, tracking the behavior of trading volume over time can give a broad portrayal of the future direction of market prices and volatility of equity, thereby enriching the information set available to investors for decision-making. Originality/value Based on both market- and sector-level data from the emerging stock market of Qatar, this study attempts to fill an important void in the literature by examining the return–volume and volatility–volume linkages.

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McKenzie, Francine. "Review: Canada: A Trading Nation." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 57, no. 4 (December 2002): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200205700422.

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Tyllstrom, Anna, and Roy R. Suddaby. "Trading in Politics: Rhetorical Strategies of Sacralizing Public Relations Services." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 17794. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.17794abstract.

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Nilsson, Lars. "Trading relations: is the roadmap from Lome´to Cotonou correct?" Applied Economics 34, no. 4 (March 2002): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840110046007.

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Harrison, Graham, and Colin Stoneman. "Trading Africa's Future." Review of African Political Economy 34, no. 112 (June 2007): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240701449612.

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Nugraha, Ellyna Putri, and Hollyness Singadimedja. "ASPEK HUKUM HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL TERKAIT AKSI MOGOK KERJA OLEH SERIKAT PEKERJA DI PT. ULTRAJAYA MILK INDUSTRY & TRADING COMPANY." Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v2i1.262.

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ABSTRAKKondisi hubungan industrial ideal mempunyai beberapa faktor pendukung salah satunya komunikasi yang baik antar para pelaku seperti pemberi kerja, pekerja juga pemerintah agar terhindar dari hal – hal yang tidak diinginkan seperti aksi mogok kerja. Tujuannya untuk membangun dan memupuk hubungan industrial yang kondusif, harmonis, dan berkeadilan di lingkungan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis yaitu menggambarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksaan hukum positif yang menyangkut permasalahan. Masalah pertama yaitu bagaimana aspek hukum hubungan industrial dalam penyelesaian sengketa terkait aksi mogok kerja di Indonesia, kedua bagaimana penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial antara PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company dengan PUK SP RTMM-SPSI (Pimpinan Unit Kerja “Serikat Pekerja” Rokok Tembakau Makanan dan Minuman Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia) PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company. Akibat tindakan pekerja melakukan mogok kerja tidak sah, Peradilan memutuskan Serikat Pekerja dan Pengurus Serikat Pekerja telah melakukan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dan PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company tidak mendapatkan pertanggungjawaban ganti kerugian sebesar kurang lebih Sembilan belas miliyar seperti yang dimintakan dalam gugatannya. Kata Kunci: hubungan industrial; sengketa hubungan industrial; mogok kerja.ABSTRACTThe ideal industrial relations condition has several supporting factors, one of which is good communication between actors such as employers, workers and the government in order to avoid unwanted things such as strikes. The goal is to build and foster industrial relations that are conducive, harmonious and just in the work environment. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive research specifications, namely describing the applicable laws and regulations associated with legal theories and positive law enforcement practices concerning the problem. The first problem, namely how the legal aspects of industrial relations in resolving disputes related to strike action in Indonesia, second, how to resolve industrial relations disputes between PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company with PUK SP RTMM-SPSI (Head of Work Unit "Worker Union" Tobacco, Food and Beverage, All Indonesian Workers Union) PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company. As a result of the workers' actions in carrying out illegal strikes, the court decided that the workers' union and workers' union officials had committed illegal acts and PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company is not liable for compensation of approximately nineteen billion as requested in the lawsuit.Keywords: industrial relations; industrial relations dispute settlement; strike.

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K.P., Pushia, Jain Jacob, and Jayesh G. "INDIAS TRADE RELATIONS WITH SAARC - SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAFTA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12595.

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India played a proactive role in determining the of South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) due to its economic strength. This study highlights recent trends in Indias total trade relationship with SAFTA economies in general, and with each trade bloc members particularly during the period, from 2010 to 2019.The paper employs the compound annual growth ratetechnique to find out the growth rate of Indias exports and imports. Also, a trend analysis has been made on Indias exports and imports, total tradebalance of trade with south Asian countries. The trend shows that in general both imports and exports were increasing over time except a negative export and total trade balance with Pakistan and import trade balance with Maldives. Bhutan and Bangladesh were the leading trade partners of India in south asian region. However, depending up on the economic and political conditions of the trading countries exhibit a characteristic trend unique to their own country in trading with India.

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Garvie, Jon. "Trading Free Speech." Index on Censorship 36, no. 4 (November 2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220701738768.

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Huynh, Chuong Ngoc, and Trong Thanh Nguyen. "Advantages and export trend of Vietnam in trade relations with ASEAN." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 1, Q2 (November 30, 2017): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v1iq2.437.

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This study identifies commodities that Vietnam has comparative advantage based on RCA index, growth determinants and export trend of Vietnam into the ASEAN market via growth-component analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation test. Using data of UNComtrade, we find that Vietnam has 91 commodities with comparative advantage in 2000 – 2015. Increased export of Vietnam into ASEAN is thanks to a strong demand in the ASEAN market, suitable industry structure and especially comparative advantage which can be seen clearly in 2007 – 2015. Vietnam has the most favorable conditions in trading relations with Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia and less favorable conditions with the remaining ASEAN countries, including Indonesia and Cambodia that are direct competitors of Vietnam. From the results, the paper provides policy suggestions to expand the Vietnam’s comparative advantage in trading with ASEAN.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trading relations'

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