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Journal articles on the topic 'Tradescantia virginiana'

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Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 26 July 2024

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1

Martínez, Arturo, and Héctor D. Ginzo. "DNA content in Tradescantia." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-114.

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There is a wide variation in the nuclear DNA content and chromosome size between the species belonging to the T. crassifolia and T. virginiana alliances (all the species but one are native to Central and North America). Also the DNA content per genome decreases when the ploidy level increases within the same specific polyploid complex with three ploidy levels (2x, 4x, and 6x). In contrast, no variation was found in the DNA content per genome between different ploidy levels in the T. fluminensis alliance (all the species are native to South America) where they range from 6x to 22x. Since all the species described here are perennials with various life forms, it was possible to analyze the relationship between the DNA content and their vegetative adaptation to the environment. The more specialized species (geophytes and hemicryptophytes) have a higher amount of DNA than the chamaephytes adapted to live in relatively more mesic regions. In the species living in Central and North America there is a positive correlation between the increase in DNA content and the latitude of their native regions.Key words: Tradescantia, DNA content, geographical distribution, life forms, polyploidy.

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2

Tarkowska, Jadwiga A., Mirosława Ważyńska, and Alina A. Jabłonowska. "Translocation of nuclei and reorientation of the mitotic apparatus in the ontogeny of stomata in Trudescuntia virginiana L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 56, no. 4 (2014): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1987.053.

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In vitro studies of the ontogeny of stomata of young leaves of <em>Tradescantia virginiana</em> L. showed that: 1) translocation of nuclei, often along long, winding paths took place in companion cell mother cells before the onset of asymmetric mitosis, 2) the reorientation of the entire mitotic apparatus took place during division of quard cell mother cells. Pertinent factors which may play a role in both processes are indicated.

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3

White, Sarah A., Holly L. Scoggins, Richard P. Marini, and Joyce G. Latimer. "Multivariate Repeated Measures Analysis of Plant Growth Regulators on Tradescantia virginiana." HortScience 40, no. 2 (April 2005): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.404.

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Little information is available on cultural requirements for greenhouse production of Tradescantia virginiana L. We tested three plant growth regulators (PGRs) at ascending rates on T. virginiana `Angel Eyes,' `Blue Stone,' and `Red Cloud' in an effort to find appropriate application levels for height suppression. Treatments applied two weeks after transplant. Each PGR was applied once at the following rates: paclobutrazol at 0, 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg·L-1, uniconazole at 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 mg·L-1, or flurprimidol at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, or 75 mg·L-1. Repeated measures experimental design and multivariate analysis was used to examine plant responses to PGRs over time. The most effective paclobutrazol rate for adequate height suppression was 120 mg·L-1. Uniconazole at 30 to 45 mg·L-1 and flurprimidol at 45 to 60 mg·L-1 resulted in adequate height control. `Blue Stone' and `Red Cloud' appeared more responsive (greater suppression of height at rates applied) to both uniconazole and flurprimidol than `Angel Eyes.' These results suggest that cultivars respond in a different manner to PGRs applied to them; more compact growth can be obtained for cultivars tested using these suggested rates. Chemical names used: trifuloromethoxy phenyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol (flurprimidol); [(±)-(R*,R*)-ß-((4-chlorophenyl) methyl)-?-(1,1,-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol)] (paclobutrazol); uniconazole.

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4

Wada, Hiroshi, Jiong Fei, Thorsten Knipfer, Mark A. Matthews, Greg Gambetta, and Kenneth Shackel. "Polarity of Water Transport across Epidermal Cell Membranes in Tradescantia virginiana." Plant Physiology 164, no. 4 (February 4, 2014): 1800–1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.231688.

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5

Nejad, Abdolhossein Rezaei, and Uulke van Meeteren. "Stomatal response characteristics of Tradescantia virginiana grown at high relative air humidity." Physiologia Plantarum 125, no. 3 (November 2005): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00567.x.

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6

Saito, Mikako, Hideaki Matsuoka, and Kunihiro Kasamo. "Isolation of H+-translocating ATPase in tonoplast of Tradescantia virginiana L. leaf cells." Journal of Biotechnology 100, no. 3 (February 2003): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00244-4.

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7

Sassen, M. M. A., and A. M. C. Wolters-Arts. "CELL WALL TEXTURE AND CORTICAL MICROTUBULES IN GROWING STAMINAL HAIRS OF TRADESCANTIA VIRGINIANA." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 35, no. 3 (August 1986): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1986.tb01297.x.

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8

Saito, Mikako, Tomoo Homma, Yasuyuki Nemoto, and Hideaki Matsuoka. "Intracellular potential change of Tradescantia virginiana L. leaf in response to CO2 stress." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 32, no. 2 (November 1993): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(93)80031-o.

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9

Wolniak, Stephen M. "The regulation of mitotic progression in plant cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085320.

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Mitosis is the process responsible for the partitioning of replicated chromosomes. In virtually all eukaryotes, the synchronous separation of sister chromatids delineates the simultaneous end of metaphase and onset of anaphase, but the mechanisms signaling this event are not known. It seems reasonable to suspect that the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for passage through the metapnase/anaphase transition involve changes in the cytosolic activities of protein kinases and phosphatases as well as shifts in the cytosolic level of calcium. We have used the exquisite temporal precision in mitotic progression exhibited by stamen hair cells from the spiderwort plant Tradescantia virginiana in a temporal bioassay to assess when during prophase and metaphase regulatory cascades involving calcium, and protein kinases and phosphatases may be initiated in living cells.

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10

Valster, A. H., L. Vidali, and P. K. Hepler. "Nuclear localization of profilin during the cell cycle in Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells." Protoplasma 222, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2003): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-003-0005-7.

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11

Tatsuzawa, Fumi, Norio Saito, Kazushi Maeyama, Masato Yokoi, Atsushi Shigihara, and Toshio Honda. "Triacylated Anthocyanidin 3-Arabinosylglucoside-7,3’-diglucosides Isolated from the Bluish Flowers of Tradescantia virginiana Cultivars and Their Distribution in the Tradescantieae." HETEROCYCLES 81, no. 10 (2010): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-10-12012.

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12

LARSEN, PAUL M., TUNG-LING L. CHEN, and STEPHEN M. WOLNIAK. "Neomycin reversibly disrupts mitotic progression in stamen hair cells of Tradescantia." Journal of Cell Science 98, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.98.2.159.

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Neomycin has been reported to inhibit polyphosphoinositide cycling by preventing the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, through the mobilization of calcium, and 1,2-diacylglycerol, through the activation of protein kinase C, trigger many physiological responses. The addition of 2 mM neomycin to stamen hair cells of Tradescantia virginiana at various points during mitosis arrests cells in prophase, prior to nuclear envelope breakdown, or in metaphase. Arrest in prophase is irreversible. Metaphase arrest can persist for over 2h before the cells attempt to revert to interphase without dividing. Entry into anaphase by the majority of cells in our sample arrested in metaphse occurred after treatment with 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol while 1,3-dioctanoylglycerol was totally ineffective at reversal. Perfusion of 100 μM calcium chloride solution past the cells was sufficient to reverse arrest in approximately half of the cells in the sample. Magnesium could not be substituted for calcium in the reversal. Clindamycin, another member of this class of aminoglycoside antibiotics, with no known inhibitory effect on polyphosphoinositide cycling, is without effect on mitotic progression in stamen hair cells. Our results indirectly implicate one or more episodes of polyphosphoinositide cycling and its resultant protein phosphorylation by protein kinase C in the regulatory cascade that leads to anaphase.

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13

Garibaldi, A., G. Gilardi, S. Matic, I. Luongo, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of a Leaf Spot Caused by Phoma commelinicola on Tradescantia virginiana in Italy." Plant Disease 104, no. 4 (April 2020): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-19-2074-pdn.

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14

He, Yi, Hazel Y. Wetzstein, and Barrv A. Palevitz. "Effects of Selected Fungicides on Pollen Germination, Tube Growth, and Distribution of the Cytoskeleton in Tradescantia virginiana." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 887E—887. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.887e.

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Fungicides have been shown to negatively affect pollen germination, tube growth, and fruit set in important crops. However, little is known regarding possible modes of action in higher plant cells. To address this, the effects of propiconazole or benomyl on pollen germination and tube growth were evaluated in Tradescantia virginiana using light microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Concentrations were selected at levels that had inhibitory effects, but did not totally arrest germination and tube elongation, i.e., propiconazole and benomyl were added at 0, 102, 136, or 170 μl·liter–1, and 0, 480, 600, or 720 mg·liter–1, respectively. Both fungicides inhibited germination, cytoplasmic streaming, tube elongation, and induced abnormal tube morphology and cytoskeletal distribution. Propiconazole-treated tubes had weaker microfilament signals, with amorphous staining. Microtubule (Mt) distribution was severely affected. In benomyl-treated tubes, Mts were fewer in number, fragmented, sinuous, and increasingly disorganized. Possible mechanism(s) will be discussed.

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15

Teleżyński, H. "Cycle évolutif du chromosome somatique I. Observations vitales sur les poils staminaux de Tradescantia virginiana L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 7, no. 3 (2017): 381–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1930.030.

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16

Rezaei Nejad, A., and U. van Meeteren. "Dynamics of adaptation of stomatal behaviour to moderate or high relative air humidity in Tradescantia virginiana." Journal of Experimental Botany 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm308.

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17

Shackel, Kenneth A., and Enno Brinckmann. "In Situ Measurement of Epidermal Cell Turgor, Leaf Water Potential, and Gas Exchange in Tradescantia virginiana L." Plant Physiology 78, no. 1 (May 1, 1985): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.78.1.66.

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18

Tiwari, Suresh C. "Cytoskeleton during pollen development in Tradescantia virginiana: a study employing chemical fixation, freeze-substitution, immunofluorescence, and colchicine administration." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-162.

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A correlated chemical fixation and freeze-substitution electron microscopic, immunofluorescence, and colchicine administration study of the structure and behavior of the cytoskeleton during pollen development in Tradescantia virginiana revealed a dynamic picture of the cytoskeleton. In contrast with chemical fixation, freeze-substitution consistently showed a higher number of microtubules, and preserved microfilaments. Higher populations of cortical microtubules occurred before and after the formation of exine pattern whereas lower populations occurred during the period of exine formation and in late bicelled pollen. Coincident with the reduced population of microtubules during the tetrad stages, immunofluorescence preparations showed a diffuse fluorescence, perhaps indicating the presence of unpolymerized tubulin. Cortical microfilaments occurred throughout the period of exine formation and in late bicelled pollen. Perinuclear and cytoplasmic bundles of microfilaments were also recorded in the late bicelled pollen. Pollen grains grown in colchicine during the period of exine formation developed normal exines, but failed to acquire their normal shape. It is suggested that during tetrad stages, the microfilament – plasma membrane interactions may be involved in exine-pattern formation, and that cortical microtubules are largely a determinant of pollen shape.

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19

Tokaryuk, A. I., O. D. Volutsa, I. I. Chorney, and D. M. Iakushenko. "NEW FINDINGS OF ALIEN PLANTS IN THE CHERNIVTSI REGION." Biolohichni systemy 14, no. 2 (2022): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2022.02.172.

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The records of 29 alien plants species on the territory of Chernivtsi region are reported. For the region, 22 species are listed for the first time, in particular Aegilops cylindrica Host, Aralia elata (Maq.) Seem., Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald, Centranthus ruber (L.) DC., Ceratochloa carinata (Hook. & Arn.) Tutin, Commelina communis L., Erucastrum gallicum (Wild.) O.E.Schulz, Euphorbia exigua L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Heliopsis scabra Dunal, Lavatera trimestris L., Lemna minuta Kunth, L. turionifera Landolt, Lepidium perfoliatum L., Mirabilis jalapa L., Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem., Rhus typhina L., Sedum pallidum M. Bieb., S. sarmentosum Bunge, Tradescantia virginiana L. Some species (Datura tatula L., Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq., Ricinus communis L. and Tribulus terrestris L.) were mentioned by us earlier without exact geo-graphical reference, which is compensated in this report. In addition, the distribution of Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. in the region is given, and chorological features of Centaurea iberica Trev. and Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. are specified.

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20

Franks, Peter J., and Graham D. Farquhar. "The Effect of Exogenous Abscisic Acid on Stomatal Development, Stomatal Mechanics, and Leaf Gas Exchange in Tradescantia virginiana." Plant Physiology 125, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.2.935.

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21

Rezaei Nejad, A., J. Harbinson, and U. van Meeteren. "Dynamics of spatial heterogeneity of stomatal closure in Tradescantia virginiana altered by growth at high relative air humidity." Journal of Experimental Botany 57, no. 14 (September 6, 2006): 3669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl114.

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22

Savchuk, Ljubov, and Vitalij Volodymyrets. "Адвентизація видового складу флори під впливом розробки базальтових кар’єрів." Notes in Current Biology, no. 1 (1) (September 13, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/ncbio.21.1.3-8.

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Промислові родовища базальту на Волинському Поліссі розташовані в північно-західній частині Рівненської області та приурочені до Рівненського тектонічного розлому й Волинського трапового покриву (в басейні рр. Горинь і Стир). Розробка базальтових кар’єрів супроводжується помітною трансформацією екото-пів. Метою досліджень було з’ясування особливостей адвентивної фракції флори на території базальтових кар’єрів і прилеглих до них ділянок, аналіз впливу на процеси адвентизації видобутку базальтів. Для аналізу використані матеріали польових досліджень, проведених упродовж 2017-2020 рр. на території колишніх Кос-топільського та Водимирецького р-нів Рівненської області.На процес поширення адвентивних видів рослин на території діючих і вироблених базальтових кар’єрів найбільше впливають два фактори – істотне порушення ґрунтового субстрату та виникнення стихійних звалищ сміття. За результатами проведених досліджень на території базальтових кар’єрів встановлено зростання 160 видів адвентивних рослин, які належать до 132 родів і 46 родин. Під час досліджень на відвалах кар’єрів вперше для Волинського Полісся виявлено зростання Kibera gallica, Brunnera macrophylla, Tradescantia virginiana, Citrullus lanatus. Розробка базальтових кар’єрів зумовлює суттєву трансформацію наявних раніше екотопів, сприяє формуванню умов для поширення та натуралізації видів адвентивних рослин. Цьому процесу сприяють: руйнування ґрунтового покриву, поява ділянок із розрідженим або повністю знищеним рослинним покривом, виникнення нових екотопів. Процеси адвентизації тут помітно підсилюються внаслідок виникнення стихійних звалищ сміття.

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23

Cleary, A. L., B. E. S. Gunning, G. O. Wasteneys, and P. K. Hepler. "Microtubule and F-actin dynamics at the division site in living Tradescantia stamen hair cells." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.4.977.

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We have visualised F-actin and microtubules in living Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy after microinjecting rhodamine-phalloidin or carboxyfluorescein-labelled brain tubulin. We monitored these components of the cytoskeleton as the cells prepared for division at preprophase and progressed through mitosis to cytokinesis. Reorganisation of the interphase cortical cytoskeleton results in preprophase bands of both F-actin and microtubules that coexist in the cell cortex, centred on the site at which the future cell plate will fuse with the parent cell wall. The preprophase band of microtubules is formed from microtubules that polymerise and incorporate tubulin during prophase. The preprophase band of actin may form either by reorganisation of pre-existing filaments or by de novo polymerisation. Both cytoskeletal components disappear from the future division site approximately five minutes prior to the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Cortical microtubules are undetectable throughout mitosis and cytokinesis, whereas cortical F-actin remains abundant, although it is notably excluded from the division site. The phragmoplast, containing both F-actin and microtubules, expands towards the cortical actin exclusion-zone through a region that has no detectable microtubules or F-actin. The phragmoplast comes to rest in the predefined region of the cortex that is devoid of F-actin. It is proposed that cortical F-actin may act as a “negative” template which could position the phragmoplast and cell plate correctly. This is the first in vivo documentation of F- actin dynamics at the division site in living plant cells.

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24

Nejad, A. R., and U. van Meeteren. "The role of abscisic acid in disturbed stomatal response characteristics of Tradescantia virginiana during growth at high relative air humidity." Journal of Experimental Botany 58, no. 3 (December 6, 2006): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl234.

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25

LIU, B. O., and BARRY A. PALEVITZ. "Kinetochore fiber formation in dividing generative cells of Tradescantia KInetochore reorientatlon associated with the transition between lateral microtubuie interactions and end-on kinetochore fibers." Journal of Cell Science 98, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.98.4.475.

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Division of the generative cell of Tradescantia virginiana is unusual in that a typical bipolar spindle is not present Instead, the cell contains an axial system of microtubuie (Mt) bundles, with kinetochores distributed along the length and depth of the cell. Kinetochore fibers appear to be derived from and remain attached to the Mt bundles. Localizations with both anti-tubulin and CREST serum were performed in order to probe this relationship further. Pairs of CREST-positdve, fluorescent dots presumed to be kinetochores are initially oriented transverse to the cell axis and appear to be associated with the Mt bundles via lateral interactions. Adjacent pairs are often joined to the same bundles, like rungs on a ladder. Lateral interactions are then converted into or replaced by end-on kinetochore fibers similar in morphology to those seen in other cells. This conversion is accompanied by a realignment of the kinetochore pairs along the long axis of the cell. In addition, the center-to-center spacing between filial kinetochores doubles. Interconnections between kinetochore fibers and surrounding Mts appear to be maintained during the transition. These results may provide a general insight into the manner in which kinetochores interact with the division apparatus in eukaryotes.

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26

Hepler, P. K., and B. A. Palevitz. "Metabolic inhibitors block anaphase A in vivo." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1995–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.6.1995.

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Anaphase in dividing guard mother cells of Allium cepa and stamen hair cells of Tradescantia virginiana consists almost entirely of chromosome-to-pole motion, or anaphase A. Little or no separation of the poles (anaphase B) occurs. Anaphase is reversibly blocked at any point by azide or dinitrophenol, with chromosome motion ceasing 1-10 min after application of the drugs. Motion can be stopped and restarted several times in the same cell. Prometaphase, metaphase, and cytoplasmic streaming are also arrested. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone also stops anaphase, but its effects are not reversible. Whereas the spindle collapses in the presence of colchicine, the chromosomes seem to "freeze" in place when cells are exposed to respiratory inhibitors. Electron microscope examination of dividing guard mother cells fixed during azide and dinitrophenol treatment reveals that spindle microtubules are still present. Our results show that chromosome-to-pole motion in these cells is sensitive to proton ionophores and electron transport inhibitors. They therefore disagree with recent reports that anaphase A does not require a continuous supply of energy. It is possible, however, that anaphase does not directly use ATP but instead depends on the energy of chemical and/or electrical gradients generated by cellular membranes.

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27

Golczyk, H. "Structural Heterozygosity, Duplication of Telomeric (TTTAGGG)_n Clusters and B Chromosome Architecture in Tradescantiavirginiana L." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 134, no. 3 (2011): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000328915.

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28

Homma, Tomoo, Mikako Saito, Yasuyuki Nemoto, and Hideaki Matsuoka. "Analysis of electric and electrochemical connection between leaf cells of Tradescantia virginiana L. that responds to CO2 stress by changing intracellular potential." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 33, no. 1 (February 1994): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(94)87034-9.

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29

SAITO, Mikako, Tomoo HOMMA, Yasuyuki NEMOTO, and Hideaki MATSUOKA. "Estimation of Intracellular and Extracellular Concentrations of H⁺, K⁺, and Cl^- in a Leaf of Tradescantia virginiana L." Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 61, no. 7 (July 5, 1993): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.61.836.

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30

Barton, Deborah A., Marylin Vantard, and Robyn L. Overall. "Analysis of Cortical Arrays from Tradescantia virginiana at High Resolution Reveals Discrete Microtubule Subpopulations and Demonstrates That Confocal Images of Arrays Can Be Misleading." Plant Cell 20, no. 4 (April 2008): 982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.058503.

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31

Wolniak, S. M., and P. M. Larsen. "Changes in the metaphase transit times and the pattern of sister chromatid separation in stamen hair cells of Tradescantia after treatment with protein phosphatase inhibitors." Journal of Cell Science 102, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 691–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.102.4.691.

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Stamen hair cells from the spiderwort plant, Tradescantia virginiana, exhibit remarkably predictable metaphase transit times, making them uniquely suitable for temporal studies on mitotic regulation. In this study, we describe two kinds of experiments that test whether protein phosphatase activity is a necessary prerequisite for entry into anaphase in living, mitotic cells. We treated cells at specific points during prophase, prometaphase and metaphase with the broad-spectrum protein phosphatase inhibitor, alpha-naphthyl phosphate (administered by microinjection), or with the naturally occurring, potent phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid, microcystin-LR or microcystin-RR (administered by perfusion), and we have observed changes in the metaphase transit time that are primarily dependent on the time of initial exposure to the inhibitor. Maximal extensions of the metaphase transit time result from alpha-naphthyl phosphate microinjections initiated in mid-metaphase, 10–20 min after nuclear envelope breakdown. Perfusions with okadaic acid started during a specific interval in mid-metaphase, 15–20 min after nuclear envelope breakdown, resulted in a statistically significant extension of the metaphase transit time. Perfusions with either microcystin-LR or microcystin-RR initiated 15–26 min after nuclear envelope breakdown extended the metaphase transit times significantly. Treatments of cells with okadaic acid or with either of the microcystins initiated outside this mid-metaphase interval either were without effect or, alternatively, resulted in a significant shortening of the metaphase transit time. In addition to their effects on the timing of anaphase onset, treatments with these protein phosphatase inhibitors also resulted in a remarkable change in the way in which these cells enter anaphase. Sister chromatid separation in stamen hair cells typically requires only 5 seconds, but after treatment with any of these inhibitors some, but not all, of the chromatids split apart at anaphase onset. Those that split begin to migrate toward the spindle pole regions, while those that fail to split remain at the metaphase plate. Later, more of the paired chromatids split apart and begin moving toward the spindle pole regions. Those that fail to separate remain at the metaphase plate. This process can be repeated several times before all of the chromatids have separated. Thus, entry into anaphase becomes extremely asynchronous, and as much as 30 min can transpire between the centromeric separation of the first and last chromosomes. Some of the chromosomes complete their anaphase movements before others have even split apart at the metaphase plate. Asynchronous separation did not result in a permanent segregation anomaly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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32

Abalo, T., NK Asare-Boamah, and IKA Galyuon. "Responses of stomates of talinum triangulare and tradescantia virginiana to some growth regulators." Journal of the Ghana Science Association 2, no. 3 (October 19, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jgsa.v2i3.18005.

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He, Yi, HazelY Wetzstein, and BarryA Palevitz. "The effects of a triazole fungicide, propiconazole, on pollen germination, tube growth and cytoskeletal distribution in Tradescantia virginiana." Sexual Plant Reproduction 8, no. 4 (July 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00228939.

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34

"Hydrogen Peroxide-Dependent Oxidation of Flavonoids and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Epidermal and Guard Cells of Tradescantia virginiana L." Plant and Cell Physiology, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077517.

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35

Keifer, AureliaQ, DaleA Callaham, and PeterK Hepler. "Inhibitors of cell division and protoplasmic streaming fail to cause a detectable effect on intracellular calcium levels in stamen-hair cells of Tradescantia virginiana L." Planta 186, no. 3 (February 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00195316.

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