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Collins, Peter Gerard. "Belfast Trades Council 1881-1921." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329644.
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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." University of Sydney. Business, Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.
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The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.
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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.
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The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.
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Webster, Barbara Grace, and b. webster@cqu edu au. "'FIGHTING IN THE GRAND CAUSE':A HISTORY OF THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN ROCKHAMPTON 1907 1957." Central Queensland University. School of Humanities, 1999. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20020715.151239.
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Research of a wide range of primary sources informs this work, including hitherto unstudied local union records, oral testimony, contemporary newspapers, government and employer reports. Conclusions reached in this dissertation are that while the founders of the local trade union movement shared a vision of improving the lot of workers in their employment and in the wider social context, and they
endeavoured to establish effective structures and organisation to this end, their efforts were of mixed success. They succeeded eminently in improving and protecting the employment conditions of workers to contemporary expectations through effective exploitation of political and institutional channels and through competent and conservative local leadership. However, the additional and loftier goal of creating a better life for workers outside the workplace through local combined union action were much less successful, foiled not only by overwhelming economic difficulties, but also by a local sense of working-class consciousness
which was muted by the particular social and cultural context of Rockhampton.
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Stevens, Richard. "Trades councils in the East Midlands, 1929-1951 : trade unionism and politics in a #traditionally moderate' area." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294553.
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Almodarra, Sattam Faleh. "INVESTMENT FOR TRADE? IMPACT OF INVESTMENT FROM GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES ON TRADE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/54.
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The world has made great progress over the centuries through the massive increase in the interconnectedness of nations around the globe. Today, the world is connected through various ways, including the movement of goods, people, and money. The amount of goods traded across countries borders has drastically increased as the result of technological progress and the removal of barriers to trade. Not only has the world become more interconnected with the physical flows of goods and services, but also countries of the world have become more integrated financially. This study proposes to analyze how increase in financial flows, as measured by Foreign Direct Investment, impact physical flows of goods, as measured by trade. The study focuses on Gulf countries. These countries represent an interesting case study given the structure of their economies, their massive natural resource endowments and heavy reliance on oil and natural gas revenue, and their large sovereign funds. Using panel data for the years 2001-2012 and reliable econometric techniques, the study assesses the impacts of increased investment from Gulf countries on the imports from and exports to partner countries. The results show that both FDI inflows and outflows significantly increase imports to and exports from the Gulf countries. The results are robust to various estimations methods and remain valid for both agricultural and non-agricultural products. The findings of the study provide a better understanding of the trade-investment nexus and shed light on the underlying motives of investment by Gulf countries. Inflows and outflows of investment serve as a strategic option for Gulf countries to both promote their exports while securing their supply in consumer and capital goods.
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Allerup, Jonas. "Evaluation of the Swedish Trade Council’s Business Opportunity Projects." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155107.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the Business Opportunity Projects (BOPs) that the Swedish Trade Council uses when promoting export for small enterprises. The Business Opportunity Projects have the same type of setup for all offices where the Swedish Trade Council is established and are subsidized by 60 percent from the government. A dataset on firms’ financial state on a ten year basis is used and survey interviews conducted in 2005/06 and 2007/08. From this data three types of methods are used; a calculations on expected values of return; a panel data model and a probit model.The results show that the expected return of one project is around 250 000 SEK and if the project is successful the average return is around 1 000 000 SEK. The governmental return is around 22 times the invested money. The probability of creating business volume directly or indirectly is around 45 percent. It is also shown that the projects have an impact on the export turnover of the participating firms. The effect comes after two years and it increases until four years after the BOP. The interpretation of the exact effect should be made with caution due to estimation issues. The result also indicates that the BOP generates around 1.5 employees on averages.The results show that the participating firms do not have advantage being larger, or being from the middle region of Sweden nor in a specific branch in order to have a successful project. Firms from north part of Sweden that have a slightly smaller chance of having a successful project, if the project is made in Western European offices, the firms have a higher probability to succeed compared to other offices.
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Alsowaidi, Saif Said. "The optimal currency invoicing for oil : the case of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6621/.
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Stability in exchange rates has been the objective of several international monetary agreements since the early twentieth century. Thus the par value of currencies was determined in terms of a specified amount of gold, under the gold standard, whilst, the Bretton Woods agreement and the Smithsonian agreement defined the value of each currency in terms of the dollar, where the dollar was defined in terms of gold. Nevertheless, all these various systems have failed to eliminate the arguments between the proponents and the opponents of flexible and fixed exchange rate regimes. Although the major industrial countries have adopted a relatively flexible exchange rate regime, most developing countries have held their currencies pegged to the currency of a major industrial country, or a basket of currencies, with the aim of meeting a particular macroeconomic criterion. The choice of pegs tends to be influenced by trade shares, however, adopted according to the objective function the domestic authorities aim to fulfil. The literature has defined several macroeconomic objectives of a peg but found no particular peg to be universally adopted by all developing countries. An examination of the contract invoicing literature shows that, international trade involves incurring of risk by firms, exporters and importers. This risk is partly determined by the choice of currency denomination of contracts, which firms are expected to seek means of minimizing. With respect to currencies used to invoice contracts, there is overwhelming evidence to suggest that it is the currency of the exporter which tends to be used to denominate trade contracts. However, on an ad hoc basis, certain commodities and raw materials were found to be invoiced in vehicle currencies, such as the dollar. Moreover, the choice of currency invoicing is found to be influenced by many factors. In particular, inflation differentials were essential. Low inflation currencies are generally preferred by trading partners. A major issue of concern discussed in the literature is the potential effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the volume of international trade. The evidence on this has gone both ways. Some have argued that these fluctuations are of less concern because firms can use the forward market as means of reducing their impact. The analytical framework presented in the present thesis deals with an important issue for the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). These economies depend on oil revenues as the main source of income. Consequently, both government and private spending rely heavily on the oil sector. However, analyzing this invoicing policy without considering the behavior of the exchange rates between the currencies of these countries and those of their major trading partners, would be misleading. Thus, the present model adopts an integrative approach aimed at choosing a currency or a basket of currencies for invoicing oil, and determining how the choices of the same arrangements or alternative arrangements adopted for pegging the domestic currencies can affect the welfare function adopted for the choice of currency(s) for invoicing oil. This welfare function, as it is argued in the thesis, is based on stabilizing the real, rather than the nominal, value of oil revenues. The historical perspective has demonstrated close correlations between inflation rates, money growth rates and oil revenues in the GCC economies. Moreover, the dependence of these economies on oil revenues as the major source of income, has been argued to be the decisive factor that has resulted in their currencies being pegged to the dollar. The results from the estimation, however, do not support a peg to the dollar, nor invoicing oil in dollars. Nonetheless, other single currencies have failed to fulfill the optimality condition, thus favoring pegging to a trade-weighted basket of currencies, and an invoicing scheme for oil which is based on a basket of currencies. Trade shares prove to be important, since deviations from purchasing power parity are passed via them. Despite the different levels of stability resulting from alternative combinations of peg and invoice choices, statistical evidence concludes that there are no significant differences amongst the resulting variances of the real value of oil revenues in terms of the domestic currencies of the GCC member states. Accordingly, it may be argued that if the sole objective of the authorities in these countries is to stabilize the real value of oil revenues, any choice of the alternatives considered in the present thesis would yield the same result in terms of stability.
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Al-Khalifa, Ali Bin Khalifa. "Factors influencing export performance in the relationship of UK exporting manufacturers with Gulf Cooperation Council importers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361327.
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Johnsson-Gerde, Angelica. "The Swedish Trade Council : Access to knowledge - a core driver in the success of international business." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88403.
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Problem: The information-supply for companies that venture abroad is greater than ever before, however, the sort of information available is seldom exhaustive. Much of the information a company needs when venturing out on a new market can not be accessed on the market, but the knowledge needed is developed in the cooperation with other actors. Therefore, this thesis has come to focus on whether access to knowledge is a core driver in the success of international business.
Purpose: Against a background of companies’ need of knowledge and networks when venturing abroad, the purpose of this thesis is to describe the strategic operations of the Swedish Trade Council on the American market, in relation to their cooperation with the Embassy of Sweden in Washington D.C. This, to be able to assess if this type of cooperation creates efficiency and effectiveness, in the objective to offer Swedish companies market information and a vast network abroad.
Method: A literary research-summary was made by the author to gain knowledge in the field of internationalization, knowledge, and networks. As the primary source of information, the author conducted a number of interviews, which in turn was analyzed in relation to the academic theories within the field. Based upon this information further research was conducted and additional information sought to gain a deeper understanding for the issue of the study, so that the author would be able to describe the entity in relation to its context
Result: The problem comes down to how to make the right knowledge available for the companies, and that problem increases in the lack of contacts with information that is not obtainable out on the market. Active relationships within networks, such as the one STC has with the embassy, are crucial. It gives them the opportunity to act as a broker, creating a leverage for the companies the serve, through the knowledge and network they can provide them on the foreign market.
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Perriton, Linda. "The symbolic language of the Confederation of Australian Industry and the Australian Council of Trade Unions /." Title page and contents only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arp458.pdf.
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Whittall, Michael John. "European work councils : a path to European industrial relations? : the case of BMW and Rover." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271800.
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Marengo, Umberto. "The European Union in the international energy regime and relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-2013." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709420.
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Doustaly, Cécile. "Le soutien public à l'art en Angleterre du XIXe siècle à la fin des années 1960 : de la démocratisation de la culture à la démocratie culturelle?" Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030151.
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Cette thèse retrace l’évolution du discours et de l’action publics dans le soutien à l’art ainsi que le rôle joué par les autres acteurs : artistes, syndicats, associations, groupes de réflexion, presse locale et nationale, publics. Les domaines artistiques retenus dans cette étude sont les arts plastiques et les arts de la scène soutenus à partir de 1945 par l’Arts Council. La genèse difficile de ce soutien est étudiée pour trouver l’origine d’un modèle britannique qui administre à distance selon le principe d’autonomie. Il apparaît clairement que la continuité historique durant la période a été négligée par les études sur le sujet car l’évolution n’a pas été régulière. L’instrumentalisation du soutien public à l’art pour répondre à d’autres objectifs de politique publique était pourtant visible dès sa naissance. La démocratisation découlait du droit à la culture, mais elle était aussi comprise comme un outil d’éducation, de contrôle social, de soutien à l’identité nationale. L’impact de cette instrumentalisation sur le type d’art soutenu est analysé, comme l’idéal de démocratie culturelle fondé sur une ouverture à l’art populaire et amateur. La démocratisation de l’accès à l’art s’est longtemps limitée à une régionalisation. Les politiques, selon les périodes, donnaient la priorités aux artistes, aux publics, ou à l’art. Si la création du ministère des Arts de Jennie Lee, en 1965, a constitué un âge d’or de la culture, les demandes de démocratie culturelle ne furent pas satisfaites. La réforme structurelle limitant l’autonomie de l’Arts Council fait progressivement évoluer le secteur vers une instrumentalisation et une politisation accruesThe aim of this thesis is to trace the evolution of the discourse and the objectives for public support in the arts and to analyse the role played by other actors such as artists, trades unions, voluntary associations, think-tanks, the local and national press and the public. The artistic fields under study are the visual and the live arts which came to be funded after 1945 by the Arts Council. The source of this intervention is studied to understand the British model which administers the arts at arm’s length. This phd shows that the origins of today’s instrumentalisation in the arts to answer other policy objectives are more wide-ranging and older than is generally assumed by academic studies which overlook the fact that the evolution was not continuous. In 1945 the Arts Council was created to carry out government’s policy at arm’s length. Democratisation of the arts wasn’t necessarily a way to offer the right to culture, it was a means to an end : education, social cohesion or control were the targets of governmental intervention. The impact of this on the type of culture that was being subsidized deserves analysis, as well as the the ideal of cultural democracy based on an inclusion of popular and amateurs arts. Most of the democratisation agenda concentrated on support for the regions. Policies, depending on the period, prioritized the artists, the public or the arts. If Jennie Lee’s new Ministry for the Arts in 1965 was a golden age in the field, expectations for cultural democracy were not satisfied. The consequences of structural reform on the autonomy of the Arts Council appears in the gradual increase of instrumentalisation and politicization
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Al-Mannai, Ali Abdulla Isa. "The effects of the regional groupings on the intra-regional trade flows : the case of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297715.
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Lisiecki, Georg. "Constraints on intra-industry trade between market and planned economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670297.
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Frege, Carola Maria. "Workplace relations in East Germany after unification : explaining worker participation in trade unions and works councils." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1449/.
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The East German industrial relations system was completely replaced by the transfer of the West German dual system of industrial relations after political Unification in 1990. Works councils emerged, the former socialist trade unions were taken over by their western counterparts, and West German labour law and regulations were implemented. The thesis focuses on the transformation of workplace relations, with special reference to the viewpoint of the workforce. It is argued that this approach, which has been so far neglected in the German literature, is necessary for a full understanding of the transformation processes. The study examines firstly workers' (both union and non-union members) perceptions of organisational changes and management, of their workfellows and their new collective representative machinery (works councils, union). Secondly, it analyses workers' reactions towards the establishment and functioning of the new interest institutions. This is done more specifically with regard to workers' inclination to participate in collective activities. By testing a selection of social psychological theories associated with the willingness to participate (theories of rational choice, of social identity, of frustration- aggression and of micro-mobilization), the core end product should be an understanding of who engages in collective activities in this specific cultural context and why. Furthermore, both dimensions, perceptions and reactions, are used to test the hypotheses of the literature that East German workers are strongly individualistic, instrumental and passive with regard to participation in collective activities; and that the newly established works councils and unions have not been successfully "institutionalised" from the viewpoint of the workforce. The empirical study is based on a case study of a privatised textile company (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and on a questionnaire survey of a sample of members of the textile union in East Germany in more than 50 companies. The main findings are that most workers seemed highly dissatisfied with the changes at their workplaces, had strong them-us feelings toward the management, believed in the value of unions and collectivism, and expressed a considerable willingness to participate in collective activities. The new interest institutions were accepted as being necessary, even though their current work was more critically evaluated. This supports the argument that works councils and union have been successfully "institutionalised" from the workers' perspective. The major result however is that workers were not characterized by a strong individualism in contrast to the widespread hypothesis of the literature. Yet, they were difficult to be classified as pure collectivists or pure individualists because many displayed mixed responses regarding different issues. They were equally difficult to classify as purely instrumental, identity- oriented or otherwise regarding collective activities. Thus, the perceived instrumentality of collective action and institutions, union identity, the perception of collective interests and the attribution of workplace problems all contributed to the prediction of individual participation in collective activities. No single examined theory provided a sufficient explanation on its own and they seemed to offer complementary rather than alternative explanations.
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Barends, Keith. "A study of the employers attitudes towards matters stipulated in section 84 of the labour relations act no 66 of 1995 and how those relate to the objectives of the Bargaining Council for hairdressing trade, Cape Peninsula." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2378.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThe research conducted has been undertaken to engage the stakeholders to explore the possibility of establishing workplace forums. The gains of workplace forums with respect to sharing decision making is a distinct advantage both business and labour seemingly do not realise because of a continued resolve to negotiate conditions of service annually exclusively. The research was undertaken by designing an interview questionnaire for distribution. The population for this research includes a cross section of employers from the industry in the Western Cape, parties to the Hairdressing Beauty and Cosmetology Bargaining Council, the Employers Organisation and the Employees Organisation or Trade Union. The criteria set for the questionnaire anticipate responses of respondents to the challenges before and after the possible incorporation of section 84 of the Act Finally the research results indicate that the parties to a collective agreement in this industry still gravitate towards distributive collective bargaining by negotiating salaries, wages and conditions of employment in Bargaining Councils.
South Africa
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Abdullah, Adel. "Political and economic integration in the Gulf Cooperation Council 1981 including a survey of the problem of non tariff barriers applying to the important plastic and chemical industries." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309092.
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Duman, Leyla Mehtap, and Dafe Eghagha. "Networking and knowledge creation in Nigeria : A case study of a Swedish company’s establishment in Nigeria." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176065.
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In this study the authors wanted to find out what role networking and knowledge play for a Swedish company that wants to enter the Nigerian market. This was done by using a qualitative approach and conducting interviews with HQS AB a Swedish company that entered Nigeria, the Swedish Trade Council and the Nigerian Embassy. No studies have previously been done about the internationalization process for a Swedish firm entering Nigeria therefore this essay provides empirical findings that can be useful for Swedish firms that want to enter Nigeria and for researchers within international business. The result from this study indicate that HQS AB had a successful market entry to Nigeria mainly because networking help them get in touch with partners that could add value by providing valuable connections that eventually helped HQS AB to start their business in Nigeria. Moreover, by attaining tacit knowledge in Nigeria, HQS AB managed to handle challenges in Nigeria such as the complex bureaucracy system and the business culture in the country.
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Naim, Nadia. "An examination of the intellectual property regimes in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) states and a series of recommendations to develop an integrated approach to intellectual property rights." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17386.
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This thesis aims to examine the intellectual property regimes in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) states and assess the relationships between legislation, enforcement mechanisms and sharia law. The GCC states, currently Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar, all have varied mechanisms in place for both the implementation and enforcement of intellectual property rights. The thesis pays close attention to the evolution of intellectual property laws and regulations in the GCC states with particular interest directed towards the development of national intellectual property laws within the GCC states from the 1970’s onwards1.
Intellectual property protection in the GCC states is considered from two perspectives. The first perspective addresses the international demand for higher standards of intellectual property protection in the GCC states. The second perspective defines intellectual property within the laws of Islam and explores the relationship between Islam and intellectual property. The latter part analyses religious influence, societal and cultural norms, economic reality and the developmental stage of each GCC state. It is an important area of study as developing Muslim countries are struggling with meeting international standards and a successful integrated framework will impact not only on GCC states but other Islamic states and as a result could potentially lead to more informed negotiation in trade agreements with developed states. The research argues there are systematic flaws in the GCC states adopting intellectual property laws which are in essence a procrustean modification of foreign laws which have developed from colonial occupation or laws taken from donor countries. The GCC legal systems of the states have evolved utilising different sets of legal principles and therefore it could be argued the foreign laws that have been adopted are somewhat unsuitable for the GCC states.
The research has focused on the implications of the national and international legislative regimes on the protection of intellectual property rights on the GCC states. Consideration is given to compliance, mainly how compliant the GCC is to its World Trade Organisation (WTO) membership and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIP’s) Agreement and to what extent the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) influence the intellectual property protection regimes in the GCC. The research has examined the development of the GCC in three distinct stages; pre-TRIPS, TRIPS compliance stage and TRIPS plus.
Furthermore, the thesis argues that the somewhat simplistic formula of the GCC states passing a large number of intellectual property laws to appease the EU and US does not have the significant economic impact on the GCC economy as the international agreements would suggest. Not all trade is intellectual property related and not all foreign direct investment is contingent upon intellectual property protection. However, as the GCC states are largely oil dependent, they do need to diversify their trade and as such an intellectual property protection model that accounts for international intellectual property law and the bespoke cultural and religious views amongst GCC citizens can produce tangible results for both the GCC and its trading partners. What sets the research apart from previous research is two-fold. Firstly, the research is qualitative and has scratched beneath the surface of intellectual property law in the GCC and examined in detail the Islamic law principles that have been used to justify sharia compliance, the western perspective on international intellectual property and the impact of multilateral trade agreements. Secondly, the analysis of Islamic finance and the application of successful sharia compliant models in Islamic finance to intellectual property is innovative as it acts as a springboard to creating a modified sharia compliant intellectual property protection model. Finally, the thesis will conclude by making a series of recommendations to develop an integrated approach to intellectual property rights which takes into account; the structure of the GCC states, international agreements and pressures, the international institutions, Islamic finance and both societal and religious views.
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Minaeva, Yulia. "Canadian Federalism Uncovered: The Assumed, the Forgotten and the Unexamined in Collaborative Federalism." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23312.
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Canadian federalism has experienced pressure for change in recent years. By the end of the twentieth century, collaboration became the catch word and federations throughout the world, including Canada, witnessed an emergent movement toward collaborative governance, collaborative public service delivery, collaborative management and collaborative approaches to addressing social and economic issues. But even if the number of collaborative arrangements has grown since the 1990s, the understanding of the design, management and performance of collaborative arrangements in the Canadian federation remains weak. Accordingly, this dissertation argues that, in order to understand and open the black box of intergovernmental collaboration, it is necessary to put collaboration in a historical context and explore the roles of elites and political institutions in shaping intergovernmental collaborative practices. The role of the former provides the necessary complement of agency, while that of the latter represents a perspective that gives theoretical importance to political institutions. The integration of the two theoretical schools, elite theory and historical institutionalism, into one approach constitutes an attractive solution and offers the tools necessary to explore the complex processes of intergovernmental collaboration. The theoretical framework constructed in this dissertation is then applied to analyze whether the Agreement on Internal Trade, the Social Union Framework Agreement and the Council of the Federation can be considered in reality as examples of collaborative federalism.
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Mukora, Noreen C. "South Africa's Bank licencing prequirements in light of its banking sector liberalisation commitments under the general agreement on trade in services : a legal perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43669.
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Al-Eatany, Fahad Yousef. "An empirical investigation into the industrial productivity of the Gulf Region and the economic effects of the Gulf Cooperation Council on the industrial and trade development of its six Arab member countries." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271184.
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Håkansson, Fredrik. "Standing up to a Multinational Giant : The Saint-Gobain World Council and the American Window Glass Workers' Strike in the American Saint Gobain Corporation in 1969." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27447.
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In the 1960s, a large number of World Councils were founded in a number of industrial branches. One of the most recognized World Councils was established in the multinational glass manufacturer Compagnie de Saint-Gobain in 1969, in connection to an international trade union action against the company. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the origin and character of this World Council and international action. The study places great emphasis on the American participation in the Saint-Gobain World Council and the international action, but explores, in addition, the work and function of the World Council, the international action’s outcome in terms of wages and working conditions, the so-called vertical implementation of the trade union action, i.e. the integration of several trade union-organizational levels in a single action, as well as the wider contexts beyond the purely economic to which the World Council and the action can be linked. An essential point of departure is retrieved from the historical materialist tradition in order to understand the conflicts of interests and the ability to realize interests on the labor market, in the production, and within politics. An in-depth discussion on the structuring of overt conflicts and international trade union actions is undertaken based on four specific theories that are based on the assumption that trade unions and employers are rational actors. The survey consists of three main parts. The first empirical section identifies the action itself—its parties, origins, course of events, and aftermath. The second empirical section interprets the parties’ perspectives and interests in the long run. The third, and final empirical section examines the structural conditions in the United States for conflictual sentiments and international action. The study provides new perspectives on the structural background to the American union’s mobilization and international strategies. It also helps to explain why the World Councils were short-lived and, in the end, did not meet the high expectations placed on them. At the same time, the study displays the main achievements and shortcomings of the international campaign against Saint-Gobain and the postwar political context to which the action can be linked.
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Borgman, Anni, and Erika Nilsson. "Rekrytering av kvinnor & deras förutsättningar på mansdominerade yrkesprogram - En kvalitativ intervjuundersökning." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30455.
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Denna uppsats behandlar problematiken kring det låga antalet kvinnor i el-, bygg- ochfordonsbranschen. Undersökningen som gjorts vid uppsatsskrivandet sticker ut genom attvisa yrkesnämndernas perspektiv på rekryteringen av kvinnor till och deras förutsättningaratt ta gymnasieexamen på de mansdominerade yrkesprogrammen, el och energi, bygg och anläggning samt fordon och transport. Representanter från yrkesnämnderna har intervjuats.Vi hoppas att under-sökningens resultat ska öka förståelsen kring hur en mansdomineradutbildningsmiljö kan påverka kvinnor samt möjliga rekryteringsinsatser för att öka antaletkvinnor till yrkes-programmen. I undersökningen används Connells genusteori samt Patton och McMahons systemteori om påverkansfaktorer för att analysera resultatet. Forskningen bekräftar yrkes-programmens sneda könsfördelning och visar på att ökade vägledningsinsatser behövs för att förmedla en bättre bild av arbetsmarknaden och vidga vyer för att möjliggöra norm-brytande val.Vår undersökning visar att en stor variation av rekryteringsinsatser används för att ökaantalet kvinnor på yrkesprogrammen, både på ett politiskt, organisatoriskt och individuelltplan. Resultatet visar även på att de förutsättningar som kvinnor ges på de mansdominerade yrkesprogrammen innebär välkomnande, eventuellt särbehandling i form av ett hjälpande tillsammans med ett visst motstånd. Hård jargong är ett exempel på motstånd som påverkar dem på vägen mot en gymnasieexamen.This thesis deals with the problem of the low number of women in the electricity, construction and automotive industries. It highlights the trade councils perspectives on the recruitment of women to and their prerequisites to take the high school degree on three maledominated vocational programs, electricity and energy, construction and construction(typo) as well as vehicles and transport. Representatives from the trade councils have been interviewed. We hope that the results of the survey will increase the understanding of how a male-dominated education environment can affect women and possible recruitment efforts to increase the number of women in vocational programs. The survey uses Connell's gender theory as well as Patton and McMahon's system theory of influence factors to analyze the results. The research confirms the uneven gender distribution of the vocational programs and shows that increased guidance is needed to convey a better picture of the labor market and broaden views to enable norm-breaking education choices.Our results shows that a large variety of recruitment efforts are used to increase thenumber of women in vocational programs, both at a political, organizational and individuallevel. The result also shows that the conditions that women are subjected to on the maledominated vocational programs vary in welcoming, possibly special treatment in the form of a “helping” along with a certain resistance such as hard jargon affecting them on their way to a high school degree.
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Merta, Ondřej. "Vývoj československého zahraničního obchodu v letech 1945-1953." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-97026.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of international trade in Czechoslovakia from the end of World War II to the period of "sovietization". The author will examine foreign trade during the first post war years. He will concentrate on international trade in Czechoslovakia during 1945 -- 1953, especially on the problem of restricting trade with West European countries and strengthening ties with the Eastern bloc. The contribution of this paper consists mainly of creating a compact view of Czechoslovakian foreign trade after World War II until the end of the first five year plan (after the communist revolution).
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Clarke, Arthur Russel. "Public Service Labour Relations: Centralised Collective Bargaining and Social dialogue in the Public Service of South Africa(1997 to 2007)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2778_1256216750.
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This thesis focuses on how Public service Co-ordinating Bargaining Council (PSCBC) contributes to social dialogue within South African Public service. This thesis seeks to filL a significant literature gap on collective bargaining as accomplished by the PSCBC. The thesis briefly examines the history of collective bargaining in the South African Public Service. The research methodology used includes information gleaned from annual reports published by the PSCBC. Interviews of selected stakeholders such as government officials and labour organisations involved in the PSCBC were conducted.The thesis holds that historically an adversarial relationship existed between the state as employer and the recognised trade unions.
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Bachelier, Elsa. "Les modalités d’appropriation des expertises CE et Chsct par les représentants du personnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3037.
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La thèse est menée dans le cadre d’une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (Cifre) avec un cabinet d’études et de conseil spécialisé dans les relations sociales, l’analyse des enjeux contemporains du travail (organisation, conditions de travail, évolution des métiers, etc.) et de la stratégie des entreprises. Il réalise dans ce cadre des expertises demandées par les Institutions représentatives du personnel (Comités d’entreprise ou d’établissement, Chsct) dont l’appropriation par les représentants du personnel est marquée par une forte disparité. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la suite d’une étude réalisée pour la Dares sur les savoirs des représentants du personnel qui a été réalisée en 2009 conjointement par le cabinet et le Ceperc où il est apparu que l’expertise tenait une place ambigüe dans le discours des représentants du personnel. Ceux-ci, bien que pensant l’expertise utile, ne l’identifient pas toujours comme une source de savoirs. A partir d’une réflexion sur la notion d’expertise, il s’agit dans ce travail de comprendre comment elle opère en connecteur entre le monde des militants du travail et le monde des experts auprès des IRP. La première partie de cette thèse cherche à circonscrire respectivement ces deux mondes tandis que la seconde partie se propose de les mettre en pratique à travers l’activité du cabinet et une enquête menée auprès des représentants du personnel. Les résultats ainsi obtenus, nous permettent de dégager des trajectoires d’appropriation en fonction du profil des militants, des catégories d’expertises et des savoirsThe thesis is carried out as part of an industrial convention of a research training program (Cifre) with a consultancy firm specialized in social relationships, in the study of contemporary issues of work (organisation, working conditions, working evolution etc…) and in the companies’strategy. This firm carries expert assessments requested by the Institutions representing the staff (works council or joint consultative committee, Chsct) – an appropriation which is marked by a strong disparity. This investigation fits into a study line made by the Dares on the staff representatives acknowledgements which was made in 2009 by both the firm and the Ceperc. During this investigation, it appeared that the assessment had an ambiguous place in the speech of the staff representatives. Though they thought the investigation useful, they don’t always relate it to a source of knowledge. Beginning with a reflection on the notion of expertise, this work seeks to understand how expertise operates as a link between the world of militant workers and that of the experts working with representative bodies. The first part of my thesis tends to confine these two worlds distinctly, while the second offers to put them into practice through the activity of the practice and a survey conducted with the staff representatives. The results thus obtained allow us to bring out paths of appropriation depending on militants profile, categories of expertise and knowledge
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Marinovska, Renata. "Darbo teisės subjektų atstovavimo problema darbo teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090908_194046-84658.
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Siekiant išvengti socialinių konfliktų ir sudaryti realias socialinės partnerystės principo įgyvendinimo sąlygas, Lietuvos teisės sistemoje įtvirtintas darbo teisinių santykių subjektų atstovavimo institutas. Darbo tikslas yra išnagrinėti atstovavimo darbo teisėje instituto reglamentavimą Lietuvos teisės aktuose. Tačiau pagrindinis uždavinys yra išryškinti tiek darbuotojų, tiek darbdavių atstovavimo reglamentavimo trūkumus, išaiškinti pagrindines praktikoje iškylančias bei galinčias iškilti problemas, nustatyti dėl netobulo šio instituto reglamentavimo esamas spragas bei kolizines normas. Šiame darbe bus nagrinėjami tokie klausimai, kaip asociacijos laisvės principo esmės atskleidimas, be kurio nebūtų atstovavimo teisės, darbo teisės subjektų steigimo pagrindiniai principai bei didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas darbuotojų ir darbdavių atstovavimo problemoms išnagrinėti. Aptariant šiuos klausimus yra analizuojami tiek Lietuvos teisės aktai, tiek Tarptautinės darbo organizacijos konvencijų normos. Taip pat darbe trumpai aptarta darbo subjektų atstovų praktinė padėtis Lietuvoje.Lithuania Law sistem legitimate the representation institute of Labour Law subjects to avoid social conflicts and to make real conditions to implement social partnership. The purpose of this work is to analyse the legal regulation of institution of representation of Labour Law subjects in Lithuanian national laws. However the main task is to expose shortcomings of legal regulation of the institution of the representation of employers and employees, to ascertain basic practical problems, to reveal breaches and collisions in legal regulation caused by it’s imperfection. In this work author analises a lot of questions with a view to reveal basic problems of this institute in Lithuania, examines the ways in which employee/employer relationships have changed and developed. There is aduced principle of liberty of association, which is the base of representation institute, discussed basic establishment rules of Labour Law subjects. As it was mentioned, the basic part of work describes the main problems of the representation of employee and employer. The writer considers the role of trade unions and how these have declined. There is a short review of real Labour Law subjects status in Lithuania.
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Baxter, Declan Patrick Wemyss. "The Failure to Establish Codetermination in Australia: A Comparative Political Economic Analysis." Thesis, Department of Political Economy, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26283.
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Codetermination has entered the Australian public conversation in the last 4 years with commentators arguing it could reduce labour market inequality. Yet this is not the first-time it has surfaced in Australian debates – the federal Hawke government committed to introducing codetermination, but to no avail. Australian advocates for codetermination failed to do what European Christian Democrats succeed at; persistently championing codetermination and ensuring both businesses and trade unions supported it in practice.
Codetermination first appeared in Germany in the writings of Catholic social thinkers, and through these thinkers and papal encyclicals it gained wider acceptance amongst the catholic community. In both Germany and Belgium, it was catholic actors – Christian trade unions, employers’ organisations and Christian democratic parties – that pushed codetermination. During the interwar period, these catholic actors won socialist trade union support for the idea, but their efforts ultimately failed due to sustained opposition from the business community. In the post-war period, these catholic actors again pushed codetermination whilst rebuilding the economy and garnered the support of the business community, ensuring its survival thereon.
Comparatively, there was no substantial catholic political movement in Australia, and subsequently codetermination did not enter public debate until the 1970s & 1980s. Furthermore, businesses were never won over to the idea, and so the matter was solely advocated by the trade unions and the Labor party. Ultimately, both the Labor party and trade unions lacked the resolve to instate codetermination, and ultimately dropped the idea as other economic matters became more pressing.
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Dalin, Stefan. "Mellan massan och Marx : en studie av den politiska kampen inom fackföreningsrörelsen i Hofors 1917-1946." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Historical Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1450.
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The thesis concentrates on Hofors and a local trade union environment between 1917 and 1946, where important parts of the trade union’s power were held by parties to the left of the social democrats. The overall aim is to problemize and discuss the issue of what characterised and made possible this deviation from the usual picture of a trade union movement dominated by social democracy. What characterised the conditions in such a local trade union environment and to what extent can local norms and political culture be linked to the conditions and the development in the trade union movement in Hofors?
The factors behind the radicalism in Hofors can be found in the local union and political context. The investigation points out the following main reasons: the left-wing local council of the Social Democratic Party and its successors’ organisational lead, the local labour council’s working method being close to what has been considered “social democratic”, their representatives being highly trusted in the local community, and the growth of a local radical tradition.
The political culture and the norms that gradually developed were based on a left-wing social democratic tradition. The local council of the Social Democratic Party that left the party in 1917 to join the left-wing social democratic faction was the same local council, despite their names and change of parties in the 1920s and 1930s. It became the local labour movement’s bearer of traditions and represented the continuity in the local trade union environment, which contributed to the leftwing socialist project being long-lived in Hofors. The central aspects were the trade union work and the practical-concrete tradition that developed.
Primarily through successful trade union work, the local labour council and its trade union representatives gained strong and long-term support from a large proportion of the local trade union movement’s members and the population of Hofors.
Against this background it may be stated that, even though it was often impossible for the parties to the left of social democracy to maintain a local trade union and political power position that was stronger than that of the social democrats for a lengthy period of time, it was not entirely impossible. It may also be stated that for the trade union member as such, a communist or socialist party affiliation was not a real obstacle in the election of shop stewards. Their focus was primarily put on the would-be representatives’ personal qualities and ability to live up to the demands and expectations placed on them by the members, and not so much on their ideological persuasion.
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Shuma, Baraka John. "Attracting and regulating foreign direct investments in biofuels production in Tanzania." Thesis, UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3121.
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Attah, Alhassan. "A model for forest and product certification in Ghana : the perception and attitudes of forest enterprises in Ghana." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2011. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/10085/.
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Forest and product certification was initially promoted as a means of enhancing sustainable management of forests in the tropics. However after almost two decades, there is still very little evidence of certified timber products originating from tropical countries. A number of approaches have been suggested to enhance the growth of forest certification in the tropics. These approaches such as that of the Forest Stewardship Council, Global Forest Trade Network of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Sustainable Forest Initiative and various private sector initiatives have all failed to facilitate forest certification. Therefore to enhance the development of forest certification in Ghana, the research work amongst others, draws on experiences in certification from other sectors such as cocoa, fisheries, tourism and oil palm to develop a model for promoting forest certification in Ghana. The research work uses elements identified in the literature review in developing a questionnaire for the survey of timber firms in Ghana. The research work identified stakeholder consultations, legal framework, resource rights, and the regulation of the domestic market as key elements for promoting forest certification in Ghana. The research recommends a phased approach to promoting forest certification with the first phase being verification of legality that adopts the European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) and the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) initiative. The study identifies this approach not only as a means of reducing cost to the private sector in pursuing forest certification but a means of drawing on support measures to enhance the regulation of the domestic market; a key component for promoting forest certification. The report argues that it is only through a well regulated domestic market can tropical timber producing countries achieve sustainable forest management and hence forest certification. The domestic market is therefore seen as a strong means of promoting certification since it will be internalised in the producing countries. None of the research on certification has so far identified the domestic market as a key factor to promoting forest certification and the research work argues that the slow pace of certification has been the lack of demand for certified products on the domestic market. Developing the domestic market is therefore seen as a key policy instrument for promoting the uptake of forest certification in Ghana and the tropics in general.
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Hussein, Ahmad. "Vägen till Beirut : Svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder i Libanon 1920-1975." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61520.
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This thesis investigates Swedish trade promotion in Lebanon from 1920 to 1975. The aim is to increase knowledge about how actors in a small open western economy tried to develop their economic interests in an emerging market characterized by great uncertainty. Here, the promising economic outlook coincided with a high degree of political instability. The study analyzes the interactions between Swedish trade related authorities, organizations and companies in their efforts to develop Swedish business interests in Lebanon: a developing country in a conflict-affected area with potentially large and emerging markets, where the cultural distance to Sweden was significant. In this study a model, which is known as the Uppsala model, forms an analytical interpretative framework for studying the actions and strategies of the trade related authorities and organizations despite the model's specific perspective on the establishment process of firms abroad. Based on the taxonomy, which is the basis of this interpretative model, this interpretative framwork has been possible to apply because of the assumed interactions between trade related authorities/organizations and companies when establishing commercial presence in new markets. The assumption is that the trade related authorities and organizations enhance for companies in various ways, while there is an economic-political interest that the state strives to reach by encouraging companies to set up business in new markets. By using this model, the events have been systematized through a historical generalization and periodization of Swedish trade promotion and organization. Added with the type of knowledge development that has taken place. In this way, the role of authorities and organizations in trade promotion and organizational build-up abroad has been highlighted. The results show that Swedish trade promotion attempts and organization in Lebanon took place in close cooperation with Swedish trade related authorities and organizations through their information inflows. In practice the companies' needs for information and assistance were reflected in the work that has been exercised by the authorities and organizations. By playing an important role in information building, escalating network positions and at the same time providing the companies with specific information, the trade related authorities and organizations became key actors in the development of Swedish trade relations with Lebanon. The study concludes that new perspectives can be obtained by including trade related authorities and organizations when using the Uppsala model in future studies.Denna avhandling studerar svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder i Libanon 1920-1975. Syftet är att öka kunskapen om hur aktörer i en liten öppen västekonomi försökte utveckla sina ekonomiska intressen på en ny framväxande marknad präglad av stor osäkerhet, där lovande ekonomiska utsikter sammanföll med en hög grad av politisk instabilitet. I studien analyseras samspelet mellan svenska handelsrelaterade myndigheter, organisationer och företag i deras strävan att utveckla svenska handels- och affärsintressen i Libanon: ett land som betraktas här som ett utvecklingsland i ett konfliktdrabbat område med potentiellt stora och nya marknader med ett betydande kulturellt avstånd till Sverige. I studien utgör den så kallade Uppsalamodellen den analytiska tolkningsramen för att studera myndigheternas och intresseorganisationernas agerande och strategier, trots att modellens perspektiv bygger på företagens utlandsetablering. Med utgångspunkt i den taxonomi som är grunden i modellen har denna tolkningsram varit möjlig på grund av det samspel som antas finnas mellan företag och myndigheter, särskilt när det gäller etablerandet av en affärsmässig närvaro på en ny och osäker marknad. Antaganden är att myndigheterna på olika sätt underlättar för företagen, samtidigt som det finns ett statligt ekonomisk-politiskt intresse att få företag att etablera sig på nya marknader. Med hjälp av modellen har händelseförloppen systematiserats genom en historisk generalisering och periodisering av svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder med avseende på organisation och den typ av kunskapsuppbyggnad som skett. Därmed belyses också myndigheternas och organisationernas roll vid företagsetableringar i utlandet. Resultaten visar att företagsetableringsförsöken och organisationen av svensk handel i Libanon skedde i nära samarbete mellan svenska myndigheter och organisationer genom utbyte av information. I praktiken avspeglades företagens behov av information och hjälp i myndigheternas och organisationernas arbete. I och med att myndigheterna/organisationerna deltog i informationsuppbyggnaden, skapandet av nätverkspositioner och samtidigt förmedlade information mellan företagen var dessa betingade som centrala aktörer vid etableringen av svenska handelsförbindelser med Libanon. Studiens slutsats är att nya perspektiv gällande företagsetableringar på utländska marknader kan erhållas genom att inkludera myndigheters och organisationers agerande vid tillämpningen av Uppsala modellen i framtida studier.
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Kairytė, Roberta. "Darbuotojų atstovų vaidmuo įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar jo dalies perdavimo atveju." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20101125_190656-91940.
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Įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar jo dalies perdavimas – šiandienos verslo kasdienybė. Nagrinėjamas ekonominis reiškinys turi socialinę pusę ir darbe nagrinėjamas darbo teisės prasme. Preziumuojama, jog įmonės, verslo ar jų dalių perdavimo atveju gali pasikeisti darbuotjų teisių apimtis, todėl Bendrijos teisės aktų leidėjui tenka užduotis nustatyti perdavimo sąvoką, pateikti jos požymius, o valstybėms narėms – tinkamai perkelti Direktyvą 77/187/EEB dėl valstybių narių įstatymų, skirtų darbuotojų teisių apsaugai įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimo atveju, suderinimo bei ją keičiančią direktyvas ir konsoliduotąjį direktyvos tekstą. Vadovaujantis prezumpcija, jog įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar jo dalies perdavimas pakeičia darbuotojų teisinį statusą, darbe keliami klausimai: kaip ir ar tinkamai Direktyvoje 77/187/EEB bei Europo Teisingumo Teismo praktikoje apibūdinamos „įmonės, verslo, jų dalies perdavimo“, „darbuotojų atstovų“, „informavimo ir konsultavimo procedūrų“ sąvokos ir kaip nuostatos įgyvendinamos bei kaip atsižvelgiama į Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktiką valstybėse narėse; nagrinėjami darbuotojų atstovavimo teoriniai bei praktiniai pagrindai bei skirtingos tokio atstovavimo formos; siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, ar Europos Bendrijos bei nacionalinių Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių teisinio reguliavimo modeliai darbuotojų atstovavimo ir dalyvavimo informavimo ir konsultavimo procedūrose pakankamai užtikrina darbuotojų kolektyvinių bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Transfers of undertakings of their parts are today‘s business reality. Despite the fact that this economic concept can be interpreted from many perspectives, this work approaches it from a labour law point of view. In order to safeguard employees‘ rights in the transfer of undertakings situation, the Council directive 77/187/EEC was adopted. Based on the assumption that transfers of undertakings change legal status of employees, the following issues are raised and discussed in this work: how „transfer of undertakings“, „employee representatives“, „information and consultation procedures“ are defined in the Directive 77/187/EEC and case law of EU courts and whether such definitions are clear cut and properly implemented in the national laws of EU member states; theoretical and practical grounds for employees‘ representation and its‘ forms; whether EU model and models of separate EU member of information and consultation secures the continuity of rights of employee representatives in transfer of undertakings situation. It is concluded that the above mentioned definitions still raise practical problems, models of implementation differ from state to state.
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Hult, Martina, Sara Svenblad, and Karin Axelsson. "Hur leker lika barn bäst? : - Utvecklande av generella riktlinjer vid förhandlingar mellan svenskainköpsavdelningar och tyska leverantörer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60488.
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Titel: Hur leker lika barn bäst? – Utvecklande av generella riktlinjer vid förhandlingar mellansvenska inköpsavdelningar och tyska leverantörerFörfattare: Karin Axelsson, Martina Hult och Sara SvenbladHandledare: Lisa MelanderBAKGRUND: Många studier har bedrivits om förhandlingsmönster, och på senare tid äveninternationella sådana. Detta på grund av internationaliseringen som ägt rum under de senasteårtiondena. Man har fokuserat på att beskriva svårigheter och utmaningar i exempelvis västerländsk-asiatisk förhandling, medan förhandlingar mellan två västerländska parter som allmäntanses vara relativt lika varandra har fått betydligt mindre uppmärksamhet. Den geografiska,kulturella och språkliga närheten vilseleder oss att tro att interaktioner av olika slag inte innebärnågra svårigheter för tyska respektive svenska parter. Vi hävdar att svensk-tysk förhandlinginnebär vissa utmaningar och att denna typ av förhandling kräver extra uppmärksamhet ijämförelse med en nationell förhandling, och att det är möjligt att utveckla vissa generellariktlinjer som man som svensk förhandlare bör ta i beaktande innan och under en förhandlingmed en tysk motpart.SYFTE: Att utveckla generella riktlinjer inför förhandlingar för svenska inköpsavdelningarsom kommer att förhandla med tyska leverantörer.GENOMFÖRANDE: Det empiriska materialet har samlats in via kvalitativa, semistruktureradeintervjuer med Exportrådet i Berlin, Tysk-Svenska Handelskammaren, SAAB Aerosystems,Toyota Material Handling Europe samt Scania. Samtliga har erfarenhet av förhandlingarmed Tyskland. Det teoretiska materialet har samlats in genom diverse relevant litteraturi form av böcker och artiklar.RESULTAT: Tyskland ses överlag som en önskvärd partner i förhandlingar då svenskar ochtyskar anses ha liknande tankesätt om hur förhandlingar bör struktureras och genomföras.Dock finns vissa moment som man som svensk förhandlare bör vara medveten om för attåstadkomma bästa möjliga utfall av förhandlingen. En modell har tagits fram i enlighet meddet material som framkommit under intervjuerna med respondenterna. Denna modell kan användassom riktlinje för vad man bör ta i beaktande och lägga vikt vid inför en förhandlingmed en tysk motpart. De faktorer som vi menar är extra kritiska och som svenska förhandlarebör överväga noggrant inför den ovan nämnda förhandlingssituationen är förberedelse, tydlighet, respekt för tid samt korrekthet. Alla dessa strategiska faktorer bör tas i beaktande medhjälp av en medvetenhet som skall finnas med genom hela förhandlingsprocessen. Vi hävdar att det faktum att samtliga av våra intervjupersoner upplever att tyskar i regel är bra förhandlingsparteroch att förhandlingar med tyska leverantörer generellt är relativt problemfria harsin grund i att intervjupersonerna dels är medvetna om de skillnader som föreligger i ländernasrespektive affärskultur, och dels att man på samtliga företag har långvariga relationer medsina leverantörer. Även det faktum att våra respondenter befinner sig i en köpsituation i förhandlingarnakan ha en inverkan på det generellt positiva utfallet.NYCKELORD: Förhandling, Tyskland, Sverige, inköp, leverantör, riktlinjer, Exportrådet,Tysk-Svenska Handelskammaren, SAAB Aerosystems, Toyota Material Handling Europe,Scania.
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Mahrenbach, Laura Carsten. "Deconstructing ‘Emerging Powers’ and ‘Emerging Markets’: India and the United States in Global Governance." Sage, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35553.
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Academic literature and the media offer a variety of monikers for emerging states like Brazil, India and China, most prominently, ‘emerging powers’ and ‘emerging markets’. This article argues the terms used to describe these states create assumptions about their behaviour in global governance (GG). In order to accurately assess the impact of emerging states on international institutions, it is necessary to more systematically examine their current participation in GG. Does the use of power and economic interests in GG negotiations distinguish emerging states from traditional powers, as the ‘emerging’ part of these terms suggests? And can the content of GG negotiations predict the dominance of each factor, as implied by the ‘power/market’ part? This article tackles these questions by comparing the behaviour of one emerging state (India) and one traditional power (the United States) in negotiations at the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations Security Council. The results demonstrate that, while there is clearly something distinctive about at least India’s participation in GG, focussing on power or economic interests alone is insufficient to explain that distinctiveness or its implications for relations between rising and traditional powers in GG.
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Seifert, Lukáš. "Proměna teritoriální struktury zahraničního obchodu Československa v letech 1945-1953 se zaměřením na Sovětský svaz." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360423.
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The thesis maps the change in the territorial structure of Czechoslovak foreign trade in 1945-1953. The aim of the study is verification of the hypothesis that allows for direct foreign trade policy constraints on political events. In other words, as the gradual political integration of Czechoslovakia into the Soviet bloc touched territorial structure of foreign trade. The text examines the changing trend in foreign trade, which has been shown by growth of the share of the USSR at the expense of the capitalist states, and addresses the question of whether and how much the Soviet Union could replace the liberal market economy. The work contributes to the knowledge of the functioning of the post-war period with foreign exchange trading and describes the influence of foreign trade by the disproportionately greater economic and political entity.
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Muir, Kathie. "'Tough enough?' : constructions of femininity in news reporting of Jennie George, ACTU president 1995-2000 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm9531.pdf.
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Armillei, Valentino. "La négociation extra-syndicale des accords collectifs d’entreprise : essai sur l’expression de la volonté de la partie salariale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020040.
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Appelé pour une large part à se construire sur l’accord collectif d’entreprise, le droit du travail ne peut pas faire l’économie du débat tenant à l’identification de la partie salariale à ce type d’accord. Si l’accord collectif s’est forgé sur le modèle d’une négociation conduite avec les syndicats, leur carence ou leur absence, conjuguées à la nécessité ou à la volonté d’utiliser les nouvelles opportunités offertes par l’accord, imposent la reconnaissance d’autres acteurs. La notion d’accord collectif d’entreprise en ressort profondément troublée, notamment lorsque la collectivité des salariés intervient par voie référendaire pour créer ou valider l’accord collectif. Mais parce que le référendum ne répond pas au modèle de l’accord collectif négocié, une nouvelle summa divisio émerge entre accords collectifs négociés et accords collectifs d’adhésion, dont le régime diffère parfois sensiblement. Insuffisant pour retisser les liens entre les syndicats et les salariés, le référendum se développe en même temps que s’accroît l’intervention d’autres représentants, directement élus par la collectivité des salariés, donc bénéficiant d’une forte légitimité, à tel point que les accords issus de négociations conduites avec eux sont de même nature que ceux conclus avec les syndicats…Largely shaped upon collective bargaining agreement, labour law cannot afford to bypass the debate relating to the identification of the employees party to these agreements. If the collective bargaining agreement was built upon a model of negotiation with the unions, the lack or absence of the latter, combined with the necessity or desire to use the new opportunities offered by the agreement, dictates the acknowledgement of other protagonists. The notion of collective bargaining agreement comes out deeply altered. Employees intervene by way of referendum to create or validate the agreement. But because the referendum does not follow the model of the negotiated collective agreement, a new summa divisio emerges between negotiated agreements and adherence agreements, the regime of which sometimes differs lightly from the former. Insufficient to forge bonds between unions and employees, the referendum develops at the same time as the intervention of other representatives, directly elected by the employees, thus benefitting from a strong legitimacy, to the extent that the agreements resulting from negotiations conducted with them are of the same nature as those concluded with unions
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Wolprecht, Karola. "Machtbegrenzungsmechanismen in Internationalen Organisationen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16120.
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Der Einfluss Internationaler Organisationen reicht angesichts der Herausforderung, für globale Probleme Lösungen zu finden, mittlerweile so weit, dass sich die Frage nach den in ihnen vorhandenen Machtbegrenzungsmechanismen stellt. Doch wie kann die Macht Internationaler Organisationen kontrolliert werden, wenn das aus dem nationalen Verfassungsrecht bekannte Gewaltenteilungsprinzip nicht auf die internationale Ebene übertragen werden kann? Die Arbeit analysiert die dazu innerhalb der Vereinten Nationen (UNO) und der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) existierenden formalisierten Mechanismen anhand ihrer Gründungsverträge. Dabei werden drei Kategorien von Machtbegrenzungsmechanismen identifiziert: Kompetenzzuweisungen und -abgrenzungen, organinterne Mechanismen und schließlich Interaktion zwischen den Organen. Die in der Praxis bedeutsamsten Mechanismen stellen zum einen das Vetorecht im UN-Sicherheitsrat sowie der negative Konsens im Streitbeilegungsgremium der WTO dar, die zur Gruppe der organinternen Mechanismen gehören. Zum anderen besteht in der Kontrolle der Streitbeilegungs-Panel der WTO durch den Appellate Body eine wichtige Machtbegrenzung durch Interaktion. Die Untersuchung dokumentiert das paradoxe Phänomen, dass die Mechanismen zur Begrenzung der Macht in vielen Fällen auch eine machtsteigernde Wirkung haben, indem sie die Effizienz, Akzeptanz und Legitimation der Organisation erhöhen. Die Verfasserin erklärt dies damit, dass das Augenmerk der Gründungsstaaten in der Entstehungsphase auf dem Funktionieren der Organisation als Gegengewicht zu ihren jeweiligen Mitgliedsstaaten lag. Dass Internationale Organisationen in der Zwischenzeit so stark an Einfluss gewonnen haben, dass ihre Macht nunmehr begrenzt werden sollte, ist eine neue Entwicklung, die jedoch in Zukunft deutlich an Bedeutung gewinnen wird.In light of the challenge to find answers to global problems, the influence of international organizations nowadays goes so far that the question of existing checks and balances within these organizations arises. But how can power be controlled when the principle of separation of powers originating from national constitutional law cannot be transferred to the international stage? The purpose of this thesis is to analyze existing formalized internal mechanisms within the United Nations and the World Trade Organization on the basis of their founding treaties. The author identifies three categories of checks and balances: allowing and limiting competencies, mechanisms within the organs and finally interactions between the organs. In practice, the most important mechanisms of these organizations are on the one hand the power of veto within the UN Security Council and the negative consensus within the WTO dispute settlement body, which belong to the category of mechanisms within the organs. In addition, the control of the WTO dispute settlement panels by the Appellate Body is an important form of checks and balances through interaction. The analysis shows the paradoxical phenomenon, that checks and balances in many cases have the effect of increasing power by augmenting the efficiency, acceptance and legitimacy of the organization. The author explains this by reference to the intentions of the founding states during the developing phase to strengthen these organizations as a counterbalance to their respective member states. It is a new development that international organizations have now increased their influence so much that their power should be limited, but this will become significantly more important in the future.
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Czeszejko-Sochacki, Wiktor. "La faillite dans le système juridique polonais et français au regard du règlement communautaire." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020034.
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La faillite des entités juridiques a toujours fait partie de la vie économique globale. Depuis que l’échange commercial intracommunautaire existe le problème de la faillite se pose. L’Union Européenne essaie d’organiser uniformément la vie socio-économique de ses Etats membres, en particulier par la création et l’entrée en vigueur d’actes juridiques qui leur permettent d’agir dans cette réalité. De grands changements modifient la réalité socio-économique des Etats, notamment dans le domaine de la faillite. La réussite de l’Union Européenne consiste à s’adapter à ses changements en réglant de manière générale l’existence des entités juridiques de ses Etats membres en laissant aux droits nationaux leurs propres réglementations plus complexes. Ceci a permis de regrouper différents systèmes juridiques en leur imposant une réglementation générale commune. Le risque grandissant de faillite ou de redressement des entreprises fonctionnant dans plus d’un pays membre de l’Union Européenne (groupes de sociétés) a poussé le législateur à développer un droit de la faillite au niveau communautaire. Dans la présente thèse on analyse donc en profondeur le règlement (CE) nr 1346/2000 du Conseil du 29 mai 2000 relatif aux procédures d'insolvabilité, qui est le premier et unique acte juridique communautaire régissant de manière globale le thème de la faillite. Pourquoi analyser en parallèle le droit de la faillite en Pologne et en France ? Car la France est un des Etats fondateurs les plus importants de l’Union Européenne, la Pologne, elle, se trouve être le pays le plus important (en taille et en nombre d’habitants) des nouveaux Etats entrant dans l’Union Européenne en 2004Bankruptcy of legal entities has always been an element of global economy. The issue of insolvency has also been present since the beginning of intracommunity trade. The European Union has been trying to arrange the social and economic life of the Member States in a uniform manner, in particular by developing and implementing legislation supporting them operations in the reality. The social and economic reality of the Member States are subject to material changes, in particular with respect to bankruptcy. The success of the European Union consists in its ability to adapt to the changing environment by general regulations applicable to legal entities in the Member States, leaving more complex and detailed regulations to domestic regulations. As a result, varied legal systems were unified by imposing general Community regulations. The increasing risk of bankruptcy or reorganisation of enterprises functioning in more than one EU country (groups of companies) forced the legislator to develop bankruptcy law at the European level. This paper analyses the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings which is the first and only EU legal act regulating the issue of bankruptcy in a general manner. Why should the bankruptcy laws in Poland and in France be analysed in parallel? Since France is one of the most important founder countries of the European Union and Poland is the largest country (in terms of its size and number of inhabitants) among the new members of the European Union that joined in 2004
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Bolle, Francine. "La mise en place du syndicalisme contemporain et des relations sociales nouvelles en Belgique, 1910-1937." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209412.
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En dépit de son importance dans la formation de la société contemporaine, le syndicalisme apparaît comme l’un des parents pauvres de l’historiographie en Belgique. Il y a plus de trente ans, Jean Puissant déplorait que l’historiographie syndicale était essentiellement « produite par le milieu syndical lui-même » et que sa fonction était généralement « la commémoration, la légitimation, la contestation ou encore la célébration » (Archivium, vol.XXVII, 1980). Plusieurs auteurs ont, à partir des années 1960 et surtout des années 1980, entamé une approche scientifique de l’histoire syndicale. Mais, en raison du manque cruel d’études systématiques préalables, cette production historique récente, plus riche de perspectives scientifiques, est demeurée largement monographique, ne dépassant que partiellement les clivages sectoriels, régionaux et politiques. « Des synthèses restent à faire, écrivait Antoine Prost en 1997 à propos de la France, [car] aucun de ces travaux ne réussit à lier de façon pleinement satisfaisante l’histoire du travail, celle des travailleurs et celle du mouvement ouvrier. [.] Les nouveaux paradigmes de l’histoire ouvrière continuent à se chercher » (Cahiers d’Histoire, n°66, 1997). Ce constat s’applique incontestablement à l’historiographie syndicale belge.L’ambition de la présente thèse est de pallier l’absence d’étude d’ensemble sur le mouvement syndical belge de l’entre-deux-guerres, période essentielle dans le processus de mise en place du syndicalisme contemporain en Belgique. Cette période est en effet non seulement marquée par l’avènement d’un syndicalisme de masse, par l’intégration des syndicats dans des nouveaux systèmes de relations industrielles (reconnaissance généralisée des syndicats par le patronat et l’État comme interlocuteurs privilégiés dans la négociation du contrat de travail), par leur attribution à l’échelle nationale d’un rôle officiel dans la redistribution des secours étatiques de chômage, mais également par de profondes réformes des structures et des fonctionnements syndicaux (centralisation, concentration et rationalisation accrues).
Notre étude tente d’analyser comment et suivant quelles modalités les diverses composantes du mouvement syndical ont participé à ces transformations sociétales (y compris en ce qui concerne le nouveau rôle qu’elles y acquièrent) en même temps qu’elles se sont trouvées transformées par elles. Globalement, elle propose une évaluation des influences réciproques sur la construction du fait syndical belge :
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Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Martin, Nicolas. "De la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle aux bureaux de Versailles, les relations commerciales entre droit romain et Europe du Nord au XVIIIe siècle : la voile rochelaise dans l'ombre de la Hanse." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD035.
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Créée en 1719 pour lancer une nouvelle représentation de la sphère « commerciale » au sein de la généralité, la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle, point central d’une organisation institutionnelle complexe, participe activement à la vie politique et économique du royaume. Malgré la rivalité organique qui la fragilise, cette neuvième chambre parvient finalement à se présenter comme l’interlocuteur privilégié du négociant et son plus fervent défenseur. En tant qu’intermédiaire entre les rouages du pouvoir et les maisons de commerce, elle devient le pilier du négoce de la généralité et aussi sa mémoire, en collectant une abondante correspondance et de nombreux écrits touchant au commerce. Inscrite dans une logique de participation mais aussi de contestation, sa défense des intérêts locaux au sein du vaste intérêt national trouve tout particulièrement à s’exprimer dans les relations commerciales avec l’Europe du Nord. Certes, les préoccupations essentielles du commerce sont ailleurs, dans la mesure où ce circuit maritime ne saurait rivaliser en importance avec le trafic colonial et la traite négrière. Pour autant, les négociants rochelais n’entendent pas se résigner à la situation de fait qui prévaut dans la route du Nord : des denrées coloniales et des marchandises françaises fort convoitées par l’espace septentrional, mais transportées presque exclusivement sous pavillon étranger. Connus pour être de « grands disputeurs et faiseurs de mémoires », les Rochelais ne manquent pas d’analyser au fond les causes de la crise du commerce direct entre le Nord de l’Europe et le royaume. Ils dénoncent non seulement la mainmise quasi hégémonique des Anglais et des Hollandais sur cette voie d’échanges, mais également les mesures adoptées par les bureaux de Versailles qu’ils jugent trop timides. Cette réalité, expliquée jusqu’alors par des considérations d’ordre économique, politique et culturel, se colore de tout autres teintes si l’on prend en considération la norme juridique. Analysée à plusieurs niveaux et dans plusieurs dimensions, cette dernière révèle une inégalité de traitement manifeste entre négociants français et étrangers. Ententes diplomatiques, traités internationaux, législation douanière, cadre institutionnel, toutes les composantes de la règle de droit jouent un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de ce circuit maritime. Toutefois, la corrélation entre la règle de droit et le commerce du Nord ne saurait être appréhendée par la seule étude des échanges avec le port de La Rochelle. Le regard doit se porter également vers les modèles institutionnels et douaniers septentrionaux. Or ces derniers confirment que la spécificité de la norme juridique dans certains États du Nord constitue un élément déterminant de cette carte maritime. Et au-delà de ce constat, l’analyse attentive de l’un des plus anciens monuments du droit maritime médiéval, par ailleurs à l’origine de la ligue hanséatique, conduit à une singulière découverte : ce texte, connu sous le nom de « Lois de Visby » laisse transparaître, dans le berceau même de l’Europe du Nord, une très nette influence romaineCreated in 1719 to launch a new representation of the "trade” sphere within the general population, the La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce, the central point of a complex institutional organization, participates actively in the political and economic life of the kingdom. In spite of the organic rivalry which weakens it, this ninth Chamber succeeds finally in becoming the privileged representative of the trader and its most fervent supporter. As the middleman between the wheels of power and the trading companies, it becomes not only the mainstay of popular trade, but also its recorder, by collecting numerous items of correspondence and papers relating to trade. In a policy of both participation and dispute, its defense of local interests within the vast national interest is especially to be found in business relations with Northern Europe. Admittedly, the main trade concerns are elsewhere, as this maritime circuit could never compete in importance with colonial traffic and the slave trade. For all that, the Rochelais traders do not intend to give up - which is shown in the route to the North: colonial commodities and French products, strongly desired by the North, but transported almost exclusively under a foreign flag. Famous for being "big debaters and memory makers", the Rochelais do not fail to analyze the root causes of the direct business crisis between Northern Europe and the kingdom. They denounce not only the almost hegemonic control that both the English and the Dutch have over these trade routes, but also the measures adopted by the Versailles offices which they consider too timid. This reality, explained until then, by economic, political and cultural considerations, looks completely different if we consider the legal rule. Analyzed on several levels and in several dimensions, the latter reveals an obvious disparity of treatment between French and foreign traders. Diplomatic agreements, international treaties, customs legislation, institutional framework, all the components of legal rule, play an important role in the functioning of this maritime circuit. However, the correlation between legal rule and trade with the North could not be explained merely by the observance of trade exchanges with the port of La Rochelle. The northern institutional and customs models must also be examined. And yet these models confirm that the specificity of legal rule in some Northern States constitutes a determining element of this maritime chart. Furthermore, the careful analysis of one of the oldest monuments of medieval maritime law, at the origin of the Hanseatic league, leads to a singular discovery: this text, known by the name of "Lois de Visby" shows clearly, in the cradle of Northern Europe, a very clear Roman influence
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Brigden, Cathy. "A vehicle for solidarity : power and purpose in the Victorian Trades Hall Council, 1948-1981." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1068.
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Noble, Rodney Ian. "Peak labour organisation in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales 1869-1990." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1418193.
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Masters Research - Master of Arts (Economics)This research thesis traces the development of peak union organisation in the Hunter Valley from its beginnings in 1869 through to 1980, with a postscript covering the more recent years. The study is placed in a political and economic context with the early developments culminating in the formation of the Newcastle Trades Hall Council (NTHC) in 1926. The following chapters trace in some detail the fortunes of that organisation from then on. Although it is a chronological study, it addresses the various themes to emerge from the literature as important to peak union organisations and their historical development. These themes are discussed in the first chapter and they encompass the relationship of the NTHC to the broader labour movement within which it was operating, the degree to which authority and independence were able to be exercised and the critical inter-relationship with community. As well, it also looks at where such a peak union council was placed in respect of the competing ideologies 'socialism' and 'laborism' and the associated struggles to win the hearts and minds of the region's working class. In order to achieve this, the study takes into account the totality of the regional organisation including its industrial, cultural, community, and political involvement. Although it is primarily the history of a peak union organisation, in the process of understanding it, important aspects of the political and cultural life of the working class in the region comes to the surface and allows us a small insight into the social history of the labour movement and of the Hunter Valley's working class as a whole.
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Sun, Mingli. "Economic Impacts of Forest Stewardship Council Certification on International Trade of Forest Products." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32630.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the economic impacts of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification on global trade of forest products. Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) is used to predict export, import and net trade quantity of several forest products from year 2006 to 2056. The simulation findings suggest that: (1) Under the assumption that FSC certification plays negative effects on forest stock, Europe reduced sawnwood export; while Ireland became the net importer of sawnwood and wood pulp for next fifty years. (2) Under the assumption that FSC certification has no effects on forest stock, North America, Europe and Asia became the three major sawnwood importers; Europe and North America dominated sawnwood export; Africa significantly expanded its market share of sawnwood export from 1.3% in 2006 to 8.8% in 2056. Africa and Asia became the two largest importers of fuelwood. (3) Under the assumption that FSC certification plays positive effects on forest stock, Europe increased its export of sawnwood; Ireland became the net exporter of sawnwood and wood pulp since 2026. However, FSC certification has no impact on the trend of forestry stocks and products in Canada.
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Hsiao, Yu-Chen, and 蕭育珍. "A Study on Orientation Training Transfer among Trade Promotion Organization Staff - A Case of Taiwan External Trade Development Council." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ct4mz7.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所
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The purpose of the study is to explore the effects of transfer of training and possible factors that may attribute to this transfer. Questionnaire survey was the major data collection method employed in this study. In specific, new employees of Taiwan External Trade Development Council(abbreviated as TAITRA)were chosen as the participants in this study. In total, 61 questionnaires were distributed. As a result, 54 questionnaires were returned. And the data were analyzed with statistic tools including descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study are summarized as following: 1. The participants are mainly constituted of 26 to 30-year-old females, who have master degree, over 3 years of working experiences and learning experiences. 2. The participants have middle to high level perception of the following factors: trainee characteristics, training design, and work environment. 3. The participants who have no working experiences have negative effect on the transfer of training. 4. Higher degree of strength of participants’ learning ability and learning motivation have positive effects on the transfer of training. 5. The training content and training method of the orientation training have positive effects on the transfer of training. 6. Higher degree of supervisors’ as well as colleagues’ support has positive effect on the transfer of training.