Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trade union'
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Waddington, Jeremy. "The trade union merger process : a study of trade union structural dynamics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4316/.
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Previous studies of trade union structure have relied upon the differentiation of taxonomic types. Descriptively, this method fails to account for the evolutionary development of trade union form. Analytically, the categorisation of unions into ideal types and the accentuation of the pure form have acted to emphasise stasis to the exclusion of the dynamic elements inherent within trade union structural development. In order to overcome these shortcomings this thesis relies upon the identification and analysis of the inter-relationships between trade union structural events. There are four such structural events: mergers, formations, dissolutions and breakaways. The central analytical focus is upon the trade union merger process, its causal influences and its relationship with other structural events. The wave pattern of occurrence observed in aggregate merger activity forms the initial focus. Multivariate analysis is employed to generate a framework within which this pattern is examined. The results of the multivariate analysis suggest a changing relationship between the merger process and its environmental influences during different phases in the institutionalisation of industrial relations. Analyses of the changing shape of merger activity and differences in its form during the two principal merger waves lend further support to the notion that the merger process has undergone an evolutionary development. The inter-relationships between merger activity and other forms of structural events also suggest variation over time. The pattern in these variations is related to existing explanations of merger activity in order that their merits and limitations can be considered. The extraction of elements of these explanations allows for the generation of an alternative account of the developments in merger activity based upon the integration of the extracted elements.
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Bridgford, J. "French trade unions and the union of the left." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234393.
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Gartside, Richard John. "Strength in numbers : the impact of trade union mergers on trade union power." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287007.
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Milenkovic, Nebojsa. "Interrelationships among trade union commitment, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and trade union participation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5833.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-51).The issue of commitment has received extensive research through the years yet inconsistencies still prevail. This research investigated the relationships between organizational commitment, trade union commitment, job satisfaction and trade union participation. A survey based on the work of Meyer and Allen (1997) was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 90 participants who were members of the same trade union. The main findings indicate that trade union commitment is positively correlated to union participation and it explains 34 % of variance in participation. No significant difference based on gender was found in the sample which is inconsistent with available literature. Organizational and union commitment exhibit a significant positive relationship as do job satisfaction and union commitment as well as job satisfaction and union participation. Organizational commitment and union participation exhibited a non-significant result. Dual commitment was also apparent in the sample. Further research is advisable to ascertain fully on these relationships within the South African context.
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Parodi, G. "Microeconomic approach to the analysis of trade unions affiliated to the Trades Union Congress." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356151.
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Looker, Gerard. "Trade union organisers in trade union organising strategies : building workplace unionism or reinforcing bureaucracy." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/12104.
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This thesis considers the role of union full time officers in union organising strategies. Two decades of promoting union organising influenced by models developed by the AFL-CIO, has failed to arrest the decline of UK trade unions let alone produce evidence of renewal. Focusing mainly on one region in the UKs largest public sector trade union, Unison, the research provides for a detailed account of how organising strategies affect union work, presenting thick and deep data from full time officers (Regional Organisers), Regional Management, Senior National Officials, other Unison staff and lay representatives. The research focuses on the previously neglected role of full time officers in union organising strategies and considers how such strategies can change both the role of the full time officer and relations with other union constituencies. The research contributes to the ongoing study of trade union attempts to renew in the cold climate of globalisation and neo-liberalism. In doing so it also considers the much ignored area of the role of union bureaucracy in union organising strategies and the potential distortion or opposition it may present. Consequently the research also synthesises literature on union organising with classical theories of trade unions. Unison embraced the TUC’s promotion of grassroots organising and, it has been claimed, has been transformed into an organising union. The research questions this judgement by revealing a disconnection between organising strategies from workplace realities, resulting in an increasing managerialism and attempts to extend control over full time officers. A key consequence of these developments is the deterioration in the ability of Unison to represent members, both collectively and individually, leading to a potential crisis in representational capacity and ability providing the prospect for further union decline.
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Wills, Jane. "Geographies of trade union tradition." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295013.
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Wildeman, Russell Andrew. "Trade union reaction to privatisation : the case of the congress of South African trade unions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52037.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The assignment examines the policy positions of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) on restructuring and privatisation. The assignment's theoretical point of departure is found in the work of Levitsky and Way (1998). Levitsky and Way (1998) examines the alliance between a political party and its labour ally in the context of neo-liberal economic reform. The context is usually a political party that has come to power with the aid of a powerful trade union federation. The authors are interested in establishing if the party-union alliance would be sustained if the political party embarks on drastic economic reforms that have the potential to undermine trade union federations. The two cases that are investigated are Poland and Argentina, because in both these cases, a political party has been swept into power with the aid of a powerful trade union federation. Against the background of neo-liberal economic reforms, both trade union federations initially supported the economic reforms. In the medium and long term however, labour defected from the alliance in Poland, whereas the alliance was sustained in Argentina despite the enormous costs to workers. Levitsky and Way (1998) then posit a number of material and institutional factors that explain both the initial convergence and the later divergence between the two test cases. The factors that are included in this framework are social linkages, party strength, leadership overlap, union competition and the degree of autonomy from either party leadership or the rank-and-file. These factors are hypothesised to explain the policy positions and behaviour of the trade union federation. It is this theoretical framework, which will be tested to establish if the framework permits enough conceptual leverage to explain the past and present policy positions of COSATU on privatisation. These factors have been given prominence because of its actual bearing on the status of the alliance relationship. The present study will therefore be using these factors of the framework, and barring one exception, it will be conceptualised in the same way. The second component of the study is to use the South African National Opinion Leader Survey of 1997/98 to study the actual attitudes and opinions of COSATU leaders on a range of privatisation issues. The survey is going to be used to determine if there is any degree of continuity between formal congress resolutions and the attitudes of COSATU leaders in the survey. This is also an indirect way of verifying the ideological loyalty of leaders to the official positions of the trade union federation. The second question returns to the alliance relationship by examining differences, if any between COSATU and ANC leaders on privatisation related issues. Factor analysis is used to build two indexes, namely a "privatisation index" and a "gear index." An interesting finding from the data is the relatively greater policy cohesion amongst COSATU leaders. These results permit speculations that do not necessarily indicate an imminent breaking up of the alliance, but rather continued discussions with possibly various policy compromises by COSATU and the ANC.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die werkstuk ondersoek die beleidsposisie van die Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) oor herstrukturering en privatisering in Suid Afrika. Die werkstuk se teoretiese uitgangspunt word in die werk van Levitsky en Way gevind (1998). Hierdie skrywers ondersoek die alliansie tussen 'n politieke party en sy arbeidsvennoot in die konteks van neo-liberale ekonomiese hervorming. Die konteks is 'n politieke party wat aan bewind gekom het met die steun van 'n kragtige vakbondfederasie. Die skrywers wil vas stel of die party-vakbond-alliansie sal voortgaan wanneer die politieke party drastiese ekonomiese hervorming aanpak wat die potensiaal het om vakbond federasies te ondermyn. Twee gevalle, naamlik Pole en Argentinië word ondersoek. In albei gevalle het die regerende politieke party aan bewind gekom met die hulp van die vakbond federasie. Teen hierdie agtergrond van neo-liberale hervorming het albei vakbond federasies in Pole en Argentinië aanvanklik die proses gesteun. Gedurende hierdie tydperk het vakbonde in Pole weggebreek van die alliansie, terwyl die alliansie in Argentinië ten spyte van die groot koste vir die werkers voortgesit was. Levitsky en Way (1998) verskaf 'n aantal materiële en institusionele faktore wat die aanvanklike samevloeiing en die latere uiteenvloeiing in hul twee voorbeelde kan verduidelik. Die faktore wat in die ontleding gebruik word is sosiale verbindinge, partysterkte, leierskap oorvleueling, vakbond kompetisie en outonomie van of party leierskap en gewone werkers. Volgens die skrywers se hipotese sal hierdie faktore die beleidsposisies van die vakbond federasie verklaar. Dit is hierdie teoretiese raamwerk wat in die studie gebruik word. Daar word gepoog om vas te stel of hierdie raamwerk genoegsame konseptuele reikwydte het om COSATU se privatiserings beleid te verduidelik. Die tweede komponent van die studie is die gebruik van die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Menings Opname van 1997/98. Dit word gebruik om die houdings en die opinies van COSATU leiers oor n breë spektrum van privatiserings kwessies te ondersoek. Die doel is om vas te stel of daar enige graad van kontinuïteit tussen formele kongres resolusies en houdings van COSATU leiers bestaan. Dit is ook 'n manier om die "ideologiese getrouheid" van COSATU leiers te verifieer. Tweedens word daar teruggekeer na die alliansie verhouding deur die verskille tussen ANC en COSATU leiers betreffende privatiserings verwante kwessies te ondersoek. Faktor ontleding word gebruik om twee indekse te bou, naamlik 'n "Privatiserings indeks" en 'n "Gear-indeks". Interessante bevindinge wat dui op 'n groter beleidskohesie by Cosatu-meningsvormers as by ANC-meningsvormers kom na vore. Na aanleiding van bogenoemde model word daar gespekuleer dat hierdie meningspatrone nie noodwendig op 'n uiteenval van die alliansie dui nie, maar eerder op voortgesette gesprekke met verskeie beleidskompromisse by Cosatu sowel as die ANC-leierskap.
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Smale, Robert George. "Trade union identities and the role of niche unionism : exploring contemporary United Kingdom trade unions." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trade-union-identities-and-the-role-of-niche-unionism(1f450289-63f8-45ad-9467-70c0b539611b).html.
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This thesis explores three closely related questions in order to further the understanding of contemporary United Kingdom trade unionism and make an original contribution to knowledge. The first relates to understanding the distinct identities which trade unions project in the public domain. The second relates to those trade unions that display what will be called a niche union identity in order to organise a sector of the labour market, and which are therefore axiomatically not general in character. The third relates to what will be called niche unionism, which is a broader concept incorporating those unions that seek to organise niches through sectionalised structures. The work both acknowledges extant literature and advances knowledge in the field of industrial relations, and draws upon contributions from other disciplines where these inform the intellectual discussion. It is argued that existing theoretical approaches are inadequate for understanding the identities projected by contemporary UK Certified trade unions, and that the concept of niche in relation to trade unions has received minimal consideration in industrial relations literature. Therefore it is argued that a new conceptual framework is required. The methodological approach adopted was empirical pragmatism, with data being collected using mixed methods. The work was limited to certified unions operating within the United Kingdom and to data collected between October 2008 and August 2015. The work makes an original contribution to knowledge by introducing a multidimensional framework for the analysis of trade union identities based upon a limited number of ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ sources that determine the territories within which unions organise, together with certain ‘additional’ sources. This framework then facilitates the recognition of both niche union identity and the practice of niche unionism.
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Kgapola, Leslie Seth. "Trade unions service level and member satisfaction." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62678.
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Trade unions are juristic entities and volitional associations that have, historically and ideologically, represented the aggregate strength of labour to maximise their effectiveness in their endeavour to fulfil their core responsibilities and principal functions. However, Ceronie (2007) postulates that, in South Africa, there has been a loss of ideological support for unions since the dawn of democracy. The establishment of the democracy had the effect that a huge driving gear to belong to a union was lost. The mandate of trade unions is to, inter alia, protect, maintain, and improve the working conditions of their members. They fulfil this mandate by ensuring that they offer services that meet, if not exceed, members' satisfaction levels. Trade unions ultimately exist to protect both the work- and non-work-related interest of their members, whether these be economic, social, political, or environmental (Venter, 2003). Nel et al. (2005) asseverate that trade unions are membership organisations: They exist because of their members, they are made up of members, they serve their members' interest, and they are governed by their members. That is, they derive their authority and mandate from the members. Therefore, trade union are service providers. They must give employees enough reason to become attracted to them as members and to remain members. Simply put, trade unions, as the embodiment of workers' aspirations, owe a duty of care to their members, and thus should at all times, act in their best interests. Thus, the kind and quality of services offered by trade unions should be perceived by members as sufficient and satisfactory. Highly satisfied and committed union members are more likely to support and participate in trade union activities. Trade unions, like any other organisation that provides services, are faced with challenges of membership decline due to perceived poor services or the lack thereof, and are therefore required to devise remedial measures to mitigate the membership decline. Against the backdrop of the foregoing, the aim of the study was to examine if there is a relationship between the quality of services and benefits offered by unions to their members and member satisfaction. The sample comprised members of the three major unions within the public service of South Africa. Using the quantitative paradigm, primary empirical data were collected by distributing 500 questionnaires, which yielded a 48.9% response rate. Data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics 23 software program. The questionnaire was valid and reliable, with an overall scale reliability coefficient of α = .975. The findings revealed moderate levels of member satisfaction (56%) with low dissatisfaction (16%), and a significantly high participation rate in union activities (61%), and union effectiveness (80%). That is, the findings revealed that members were generally satisfied with their unions' performance. The findings affirm union instrumentality, union effectiveness, and member participation as antecedents of union commitment, and also confirm unions' performance and effectiveness as significant determinants of members' satisfaction with a union. Therefore, in a quest to maintain and/or increase their relevance, trade unions must examine their current services and benefits, in order to determine whether they still meet their members' preferences, and, if not, to develop and provide a new service mix that will not only appeal to unionised members, but will also attract non-unionised workers.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Human Resource Management
PhD
Unrestricted
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Huxley, Katy Laura. "The Union Learning Agenda and trade union revitalisation in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/78318/.
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This thesis evaluates the Union Learning Agenda (ULA) in Wales using Behrens, Hamann and Hurd’s (2004) model of trade union revitalisation. The political, economic, membership and institutional spheres of union learning activity were explored through a mixed-method study that utilised a quantitative survey of 246 ULRs in Wales, alongside interview, observation and documentary research methods. The examination showed that within a political social partnership environment unions extracted resources from government and gained policy influence. The evaluation of workplace activity showed that ULRs were organising broadly defined learning for colleagues, and developing bargaining and consultation with employers over vocational and educational training (VET). Procedural mechanisms were more common where there was employer support for ULR activity and substantive outcomes were greater where procedural mechanisms were in place. Further, ULRs were engaging members through broad rather than narrow definitions of learning, and supporting the development of union-commitment behaviours (Snape and Redman 2004). The ULA was increasing the infrastructural resources, internal solidarity and network embeddedness of trade union institutional capacity (Lévesque and Murray 2010), thereby contributing to trade union revitalisation processes. The thesis contributes to empirical knowledge on the ULA by providing the first analysis of activity in Wales. Secondly, it assessed the content and importance of multi-union and multi-actor activity in ULA networks. The thesis argues that in a context where government and employer support for union involvement is strong, a partnership approach to the ULA can aid union revitalisation not only at the workplace but beyond it.
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OGAWA, Hikaru, and Toshiki TAMAI. "Tax Competition and Regional Trade Union." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11927.
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Payne, Michael John. "Trade union amalgamations : the local context." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54949/.
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Throughout their history individual trade unions have amalgamated together to form new unions. The catalyst for amalgamation has come from a combination of sources industrial change, government policy and legislation and internal motivations related to membership size and resources. At the same time local union organisation has remained integral to the structure of unions including their internal government, bargaining ability and engagement with members. This thesis relates these two features of trade union practice to each other by considering the effects of amalgamation on local union organisation, both in terms of the local level itself and the local level as part of the whole organisation of the union. The thesis does this through a case study approach to the research. The case studies are of three major UK trade unions which have experienced amalgamation over a ten year timeframe and a local union organisation within each of these. The unions reflect a spread of industry, different forms of organisation and types of membership. The research examines the tensions and synergies between the different levels of organisation in a union and their leaders in themselves and as they influence a process and outcome of amalgamation. As a study of trade union organisation and behaviour the thesis engages with and complements the wider body of research into union mergers and that on local union organisation in unions. Its individual contribution is to the research on trade union mergers where the position of the local level of union organisation has been a neglected area of investigation. Beyond that it also provides further insights into the role and activity of paid officials and lay representatives as union leaders, the role and activity of organised factions within unions, the influence of unions' industrial and ideological orientation on forms of local union organisation and the tension between different concepts of trade union structure and behaviour.
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Harrington, Jane. "Women's local level trade union participation." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327308.
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This thesis explores the participation of women in trade union activity at local level. The central question it addresses is why do women participate in trade unions at this level? It identifies the factors that shape and influence women's participation and, in particular, the role of gender. In addition the thesis critically exatnines the concept of women's interests. The methodological approach is that of a case study of women activists in the South Wales and Western division of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDA W), and a principal case study of women activists in the South and West area of the Banking, Insurance and Finance Union (BIFU). In recent years there has been a growing body of research considering the role of women in trade unions. The main focus of these studies has been the barriers to women's participation. Where women's participation has been investigated the majority of studies have been concerned with women full time officers and 'senior' trade union leaders. Within trade union renewal debates women have been highlighted as one of the groups to target in recruitment campaigns. As such, it is appropriate to consider women's trade union participation at local level. The general literature suggests that people join and participate for traditional collective reasons. This proposition is critically examined. The findings present a model of trade union activity that differs significantly from typologies created to examine 'senior' women leaders. Equally, studies of women at local level which attach one ideological position to women's attitudes and behaviour are argued to fail to capture the diversity of views evident at local level. As such, the typology developed from this study places the WOlnen activists in four groups; the individualist, the collectivist, the carer and the equal rights representative. These groups reflect the context in which the women are situated and the varied interpretations of their activism. The findings suggest the problems of addressing equal opportunities through the union structures and raise, in particular, the difficulties of developing 'separatist' policies for women. Barriers to women's participation in trade unions remain significant for local level activism. The thesis suggests that trade union renewal strategies need to recognise the richness and diversity of attitudes and interests that women bring to the trade union movement.
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Palm, Johanna. "There is power in a union : Trade union organization, union membership and union activity in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145563.
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This thesis investigates what factors affect union organization and, to some degree, union activity in the face of declining union density in the majority of Western countries. Union structures have been changing in recent decades, not only in terms of declining membership but also because women and white-collar workers are becoming a more stable part of the membership base, whereas previously highly organized groups, such as blue-collar workers, are in decline. The point of departure for this thesis is that union density changes must be understood on several different levels. Thus, we must investigate changing union density in light of changing institutional settings, changing labour market structures and changing norms and values on the individual level. The thesis consists of three empirical studies investigating union density changes and union activity in Sweden, and an introductory chapter that develops the theoretical and empirical (historical) background. The empirical studies investigate: (1) whether and how the influence of various aspects of class and ideology on union organization have changed over time, (2) the effect of structural change on union density increase and decline, and(3) what factors influence different attitudes towards industrial action among Swedish employees. Results show that union density decline in Sweden since the mid-1990s cannot be explained by any forceful shifts in the labour market structure or individuals’ opinions and/or attitudes related to trade unions to any significant degree. Union density decline in Sweden is of a general nature. However, an increasing divergence in union density across various categories of employees, including, e.g., private-sector vs. public-sector employees, young vs. older employees, employees of foreign origin vs. employees of Swedish origin, and the atypically employed vs. employees with standardized employment, is observed. Moreover, previously strong predictors of union membership, including class identity, ideology, sector of employment and type of employment contract, are in decline, but they still influence union organization and attitudes towards industrial action.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted.
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McBride, Anne. "Re-shaping trade union democracy : developing effective representation for women in UNISON." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3677/.
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The under-representation of women and over-representation of men in trade unions raises questions as to why it occurs, its consequences for women and how it can be overcome. This thesis engages with these questions. It indicates the dominant ideologies and institutions which underpin the dominant male model of trade unions and discusses strategies designed to change the 'rules of the game'. The creation of UNISON on 1st July 1993 provides a research site in which to study the extent to which trade union democracy can be deliberately re-shaped so as to reflect the interests of women. UNISON represents 1.3 million workers within the public service sector, two-thirds of whom are women. It has been the express intention of UNISON to achieve gender democracy through empowering its women members to participate in its representative structures. In particular, the adoption of three key principles in the rule book: proportionality for women, fair representation at all levels and self-organisation for four disadvantaged groups, is intended to have a significant impact on the nature of women's involvement in the union. This thesis contains extensive case study material collected within UNISON over a two year period, ending November 1995. It reveals the opportunities which the three rule book commitments provide for effective representation by women in UNISON. By excluding men so that women can take the majority of representative positions, proportionality and fair representation change the predominant values and beliefs of trade union democracy. By providing opportunities for women to determine their own agenda, in the absence of men, self-organisation challenges the ideology that union strength is based on unity and common interests. However, the dominant model of trade unionism is not being re-shaped without tension or resistance. This thesis argues that ideologies and institutions remain which prevent women's access to representative structures being translated into the discussion of women's concerns in UNISON's decision making arena. VII
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Cantrick-Brooks, Bernadine Yvonne Marie. "Trade union joining perceptions from call centre employees /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061127.111430/index.html.
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Bogg, A. L. "The Democratic Aspects of Trade Union Recognition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508693.
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Aston, A. B. "Trade union mergers in Britain 1950-1982." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261906.
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Jary, Stephen John. "Trade union organisation and new technology bargaining." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280960.
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Fraile, Lydia M. "The regional trade-union : lessons from Spain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29981.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-288).
The region has emerged in the last two decades as a new field of trade-union activity. There is increasing interaction across Europe between unions, employer associations, and state actors at the subnational territorial level. These practices take different forms and cover a wide range of issues, with training and labor market policies being the most common. Some scholars see in the regional trade union the promise of union revitalization, providing a more adaptable alternative in today's flexible economy. Yet others consider it a recipe for weakness and fragmentation. This thesis argues that the region is an important site for trade unions because it is well suited for addressing employment problems and reaching out to "outsiders:" the unemployed, temporary workers, and others in the more insecure parts of the labor market. My research, which compares the experience of different Spanish regions, links successful intervention to two conditions. One is that the union fully connects its efforts in the region to collective bargaining. The other is that it works within the framework of national agreements and institutions, rather than in opposition to them. Contrary to the academic tendency to view the regional and national union in competing terms, these findings underscore the complementarities between them. Moving into this new field requires unions to develop local capacity in labor market policy, regional development, etc. But it also calls for the national level of the organization to provide coordination and to diffuse, compare, and evaluate regional practices in order to promote learning.
by Lydia M. Fraile.
Ph.D.
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Kazmi, Syed Sajid Hussain Shah. "Trade union motivations for corporate social responsibility." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2013. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13093/.
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Trade unions in Europe have showed a mixed response to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and have adopted a broad spectrum of positions on CSR. Prior research has identified five distinct positions of trade unions across Europe by way of which some of the unions perceive CSR as a threat, some are sceptical about the fact that whether CSR could deliver, yet others champion the cause of CSR, whereas two other categories of which some are disillusioned and others lack knowledge regarding CSR. This spectrum of positions raises the question whether we are going to witness a convergence of union positions over the medium term. The proposed research analyzes the positions adopted by trade unions in Europe. On the basis of this analysis, it tries to explain various strategies adopted by trade unions. The key argument is that the whole process is linked to neoliberalism. The outcome of neoliberal approach is deregulation, not only of financial market, but labour market as well. Withdrawal of state from regulation of businesses has created a vacuum. There is a vacuum of regulation at the national level and there are inadequate governance mechanisms available at the global level. Businesses have tried to fill this vacuum by engaging in CSR. Trade unions are apprehensive of CSR due to its voluntary nature; greenwashing; questionable nature of CSR tools including audits, awards, an attempt to replace binding rules; and some see CSR as a threat because there is evidence that adoption of CSR as an alternative to binding regulations has hampered trade union power. Simultaneously, to increase their influence in dealing with the businesses, trade unions want to use the opportunities offered by CSR to gain maximum benefits out of it. Trade unions see similarities in company CSR agenda with trade union agenda. There are trade unions that are progressing CSR agenda. To couple their efforts at the national level, trade unions are trying to develop some supranational regulatory institutions and development of IFAs is an evidence of that. An attempt has been made to provide evidence from the data collected for this study to interpret trade union responses in the light of hypotheses developed in this study. The dominant paradigm employed for the present study would be interpretivist/qualitative. The reason for preference of interpretivism over the other with relation to the present study is that it tries to explain strategy. The process of strategy formulation is difficult to capture with entirely quantitative approach. There is a lot of brainstorming at the union management level to adopt a certain strategy and to get a handle on how a specific strategy is adopted, it is easy to explain using an interpretive approach. Doctoral level research is meant to make original contribution towards the existing body of knowledge. The present study seeks to contribute original insights from data collected for this study. Prior research had informed us about the trade unions’ principled positions about CSR. The present study analyses the reason why trade unions are getting involved in CSR initiatives by businesses.
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Morgunenko, R. M., Оксана Робертівна Гладченко, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, and Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko. "Trade relationship between Ukraine and European union." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31127.
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This topic has been discussed by many scientists such as V.O. Kopiyka, V.V. Boytsova, T.M. Shynkarenko, V.O. Vakulevych and others. They believe the development of closer relations between Ukraine and the EU only correct Ukraine’s foreign policy course based on economic, political and cultural traditions.
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Hadili, Abduraawf Moftah. "Trade liberalisation and Arab Maghreb Union countries." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695683.
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The effect of trade liberalisation on the balance of trade and balance of payments in developing countries is still ambiguous. Free trade advocates believe that adopting free trade policy and specializing in production will enhance economic growth in both exports and imports, which in turn will have a positive impact on the balance of trade and the balance of payments. In the real world, not all countries that have adopted trade liberalisation have achieved economic growth. Some of them suffered deterioration in the balance of trade because imports grew more than exports did, adding more deficits to the balance of payments. In this case, trade liberalisation will be considered as a constraint on growth. This thesis was designed to explore the impact of trade liberalisation on the economies of Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) countries for fifteen years (1995-2009) in terms of export growth, import growth, the balance of trade, and the balance of payments. H The empirical evidence has revealed some major findings that can be considered strong evidence based on four different estimation techniques: ordinary least square, panel data, panel data with first difference, and Arellano-Bond test. The results show that trade liberalisation did not enhance export growth in AMU countries during the given period (1995 to 2009). In contrast, it had a significant positive impact on import growth during the same period. Moreover, trade liberalisation worsened the balance of trade and the balance of payments during the studied period. Therefore, it seems that trade liberalisation alone has not been enough to promote economic growth. A suitable domestic business environment, well-run government institutions, and supportive government policies are important in order for trade liberalisation to achieve its goals in developing countries.
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Lebastard, Laura. "Three Essays on Currency Union and Trade." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS438/document.
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Cette thèse relève du commerce international, des politiques monétaires et de macroéconomie internationale. Le premier chapitre étudie les différentes caractéristiques des différents régimes de change fixe et évalue les effets de chacune de ces caractéristiques sur le commerce international. Il apparaît que la transparence des prix et les coûts de transaction liés au changement de monnaie n’ont pas d’effet significatif sur le commerce, seule la crédibilité du régime de change fixe (liée à l’absence de possibilité de dévaluation) augmente significativement le commerce. Cela explique pourquoi seule l’union monétaire augmente le commerce entre ses membres dès les premières années du régime de change. Le second chapitre s’intéresse aux effets de l’euro sur le commerce pendant la crise financière de 2008-2009. Il apparaît que l’euro amortit la chute du commerce observée partout dans le monde, grâce à l’absence de volatilité du taux de change entre ses membres. Le troisième chapitre présente un modèle théorique permettant d’étudier la transmission des chocs dans une économie spécialisée verticalement, et propose une politique monétaire optimale pour stabiliser l’économie. Le modèle promeut des politiques monétaires symétriques entre les deux pays partageant un mode de production basé sur les chaînes globales de valeurThis thesis studies international trade, monetary policy and international macroeconomics. Chapter 1 examines the different characteristics of different fixed exchange rate regimes and assesses the effects of each of these characteristics on international trade. It appears that price transparency and transaction costs linked to the currency changes do not have a significant effect on trade; only the credibility of the fixed exchange rate regime (due to the absence of devaluation possibilities) increases trade significantly. This explains why only monetary union increases trade between its members from the first years of the exchange rate regime. Chapter 2 looks at the effects of the euro on trade during the 2008-2009 financial crisis.It seems that the euro amortized the trade drop observed throughout the world, owing to the absence of exchange rate volatility among its members. Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model to study the transmission of shocks in a vertically specialized economy, and proposes an optimal monetary policy to stabilize the economy. The model promotes symmetrical monetary policies between the two countries sharing a production mode based on global value chains
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Lee, Fa-Hsien. "Trade unions and privatisation in Taiwan : a case study of the railway union." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55757/.
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This thesis explores Taiwanese privatisation in the context of global neo-liberalisation. It is a study of the relationship between the state, capital and trade unions in relation to privatisation and the policy-making process in Taiwan and the Taiwan Railway in particular. It pays attention to exploring the three dimensions: first, how the state plays its role in the privatisation process second, what private capital does in order to extend its financial interests and third, whether trade unions have capacity to shape privatisation policies. The thesis draws upon extensive fieldwork that took place in Taiwan and the Taiwanese railway industry in particular between May 2005 and November 2007. It documents how Taiwanese public sector unions, dependent on the party-state system, sought to transform themselves into independent unions during the period of privatisation. Using qualitative and participant observation methods, including semi- structured interviews, fieldnote taking, and documentary analysis, this thesis provides, for the first time first-hand, rich, deep, holistic and contextual data on issues that had previously been hidden from public debate. These are discussed and analysed with particular reference to British and former Soviet Union's experience in the context of privatisation. Although the research was explicitly located in the context of Taiwan and the Taiwan Railway, it is hoped that it has more general significance. Taiwan's experience, until now neglected in debates on privatisation, could extend contemporary debates on the topic especially in relation to the various roles of the state, capital and trade unions. In particular, it raises for discussion the finding that under certain circumstances, instead of being marginalised by privatisation, certain trade unions could gain strong bargaining capacity, weakening the role of the state and private capital, and significantly shaping the policy process.
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Bairstow, Samantha Jane. "'Outing the unions' : sexual identity, membership diversity and the British trade union movement." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416229.
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Recent years have seen British trade unions regain some of the membership and influence lost during the 1980s and 1990s. During the same period, sexual orientation activism and other 'new' social movements have become increasingly prominent on the world stage. This thesis is an empirical examination of British unions' responses to the issues, concerns and priorities of lesbian and gay workers seeking to further their agendas through collective action. In response to the paucity of academic research in this area, this thesis presents an analysis of six unions' attempts to organise and represent diverse lesbian and gay interests within class-focused bureaucratic structures. Establishing a context for this study, the thesis considers historical and contemporary accounts of union organisation, the fusion of class with status-based identities and examples of gender, 'race' and disability action within British trade unions. Through interviews with key actors, the research uncovers the existence of separate 'safe spaces' for lesbian and gay organisation, structures connecting action to 'mainstream' activities, and top-down initiatives designed to promote acceptance of organisational diversity. This thesis examines anticipated 'pockets of resistance' within the unions to sexuality action, but finds the bureaucratic and hierarchic nature of union organisation a larger barrier to the effectiveness of action than any internal opposition. The need to recognise intra-group diversity and the dangers of centralised 'servicing' to the unions' future plans are discussed, in light of contemporary trends towards workplace organisation, partnership and the requirement to address members' heterogeneous needs, as are the questions such an analysis raises for conceptualisations of democratic practice. Through the examination of the unions' organisation of sexual minorities, this thesis refines and extends Kelly's (1998) mobilisation theory and presents an alternative framework of trade union action as 'mobilisation within mobilisation'. It closes by considering the implications for both social movements and continued union 'renewal' of organised labour's attempts to negotiate 'the bigger picture'.
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Egan, Noomi. "Communicating the Union: an examination of how three trade unions communicate with youth." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21205.
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This thesis examines how trade unions are meeting the two-fold challenge of a fall in youth unionisation and a changed media usage amongst youth. The researcher attempts to answer this question by examining how three different trade unions (Sveriges Ingenjörer, SI, Kommunal and Hotell och Restaurang facket, HRF) are communicating with a younger generation for the purpose of recruiting them. The thesis is based on a theoretical framework derived from communications theories and practices specifically aimed at youth, as well as theories about union recruitment strategies, civic engagement and the logic of collective action (since unions represent collective interests). The researcher has applied a qualitative approach where the thesis rests on in-depth interviews with different respondents. The findings of the thesis reveal that all the unions have started to face up to the challenge of falling youth unionisation (by applying the advice put forward in literature on youth and health communications, and union recruitment literature). However, the findings note that the unions have applied the advice to varying extent, with Sveriges Ingenjörer being furthest ahead. In addition, the findings illustrate that the unions seem to be responding to the challenge of a changing media usage amongst youth. Yet, the researcher believes that the unions might do well in exploring a more participatory style of communication, since youth today have started to expect a higher degree of participation in their communication online. The findings also highlight that both Kommunal and HRF seem to be facing tougher challenges than Sveriges Ingenjörer in communicating with youth for the purposes of recruiting them because of differences between the sectors the unions organise.Finally, the findings reveal that the unions communicate with youth in accordance with Olson’s theory of logic of collective action (Congleton, 2015), which highlights that individuals will only join a union if there is an individual gain to offset the union fee.
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Tai, Hsiao-Hui. "The transition of trade unions in Taiwan : from paternalistic autonomy to responsibility for collective union and non-union representation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3545/.
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Paternalistic employment relations have been a tradition supported by the government in Taiwan whilst trade unions were brought in to support political development and economic growth. The government promulgated a ‘harmony culture’ in order to control employment relations, and in the 1980s set up the campaign of the ‘factory as one family, factory as one school’ to encourage employers to inculcate paternalistic beliefs in their employees’ everyday working lives. Authority, benevolence and morality, the characteristics of paternalistic management, make workers docile and loyal to management and stunt the sense of collective identity. This qualitative research selects one primary case, a privatised enterprise SteelCo and its union Steel-U, to conduct participant observation, in-depth interviews with union officers, labour representatives and management, surveys of union members, and documentary analysis of official documents and meeting minutes. One supplementary case is a state-owned enterprise SugarCo with its union Sugar-U; this mainly involved in-depth interviews with union representatives and limited access to some documents. Corporate trade unions take advantage of the paternalistic tradition to gradually develop their organisations as recognised by employers. Implementing nonunion representation is a practice of paternalistic ideology, offering trade unions another platform on which to work with management. Workers identify both themselves and the trade union as parts of the enterprise family rather than seeing the union as an agent of collectivity. The union has to be a service provider offering welfare and benefits to attract members before triggering any mobilisation. To conclude, paternalism has helped corporate trade unions to establish themselves in state-owned and privatised workplaces, and empowered trade unions to engage legitimately, effectively and autonomously in workplace affairs. To revitalise themselves from the paternalistic ideology, trade unions are expected to take the route of partnering unionism with the manipulation of nonunion representation in a top-down process of shaping labour’s collective identity.
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Valizade, Danat. "Trade unions and the rise of contingent labour in the United Kingdom : challenges, opportunities and the trade union response." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12967/.
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This thesis is a rigorous empirical investigation into the trade union response to contingent labour in the United Kingdom. It contributes to knowledge and understanding about trade union strategies and methods directed towards contingent workers and casts light on challenges and opportunities posed to trade unions by the rise of contingent labour. The thesis challenges a dual labour market theory that rests on the assumption that labour markets are structured homogeneously into primary and secondary segments populated by contingent workers and standard employees respectively. It demonstrates explicitly that at least within trade union membership dynamic converging and diverging tendencies between primary and secondary segments distort a frontier between them and thereby affect employee behaviours. This has profound implications for trade unions, as their responses to contingent labour are still predicated upon the existence of dichotomous labour markets. The thesis uncovered internal inconsistency of strategies and methods employed by trade unions such that instead of being inherently inclusive they appear to be rather pragmatic and driven by dynamic tendencies between the membership segments. In general, trade unions confronted with a diverging tendency between their primary and secondary membership segments struggled to articulate systematic responses to contingent work. This occurred because trade unions have yet to address challenges emanating from such dynamic processes, especially in relation to the differences between contingent workers’ and standard employees’ attitudes towards trade unions. Taken together, these findings suggest that cohesion and inclusiveness of trade union responses to contingent labour depend largely on the trade unions’ ability to absorb converging and diverging tendencies between their membership segments.
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Nicolo, Rosetti. "EVALUATING TRADE UNION PERFORMANCE ACROSS INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS REGIMES：A comparative approach to quantitative analysis of outcomes associated with trade union membership." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253059.
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Underdown, Robert Kyle. "Declining trade union density and the future of the Union Movement in Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aru55.pdf.
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Humphrey, Jill C. "Self-organisation within the British trade union movement." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243352.
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Wei, De Cai. "Trade related environmental measures of European Union : a new kind of trade barriers?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637069.
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Petronzio, Edward. "Talking trade over wine assessing the role of trade associations, bureacratic agencies and legislative bodies in the United States-European Union and Canada-European Union wine trade disputes /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1192736566.
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Petronzio, Edward Jr. "TALKING TRADE OVER WINE: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, BUREACRATIC AGENCIES AND LEGISLATIVE BODIES IN THE UNITED STATES-EUROPEAN UNION AND CANADA-EUROPEAN UNION WINE TRADE DISPUTES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1192736566.
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Brown, Karen M. "Trade union international solidarity, exploring the uneven development of grassroots solidarity funds within Canadian unions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/MQ49323.pdf.
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Lohe, Tanya. "The changing legitimate ambit of the union movement : politics, trade unions and the new assault /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl833.pdf.
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Hur, Chan Y. "Trade unions and productivity: the impact of union presence on labour productivity in Korean manufacturing." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10879/.
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This thesis examines the theoretical and empirical relationship between trade unions and productivity in the Korean auto and cement manufacturing industries, during the 1980s. It challenges the tenets of the existing debate by stressing the contingent nature of this relationship. In particular this thesis pinpoints inadequacies of econometric analysis as the only method of judging this association between union presence and productivity, because this ignores national and historical industrial relations contexts. Moreover, the polarity between positive and negative views of trade union influences on productivity is seen as needlessly limited, failing as it does to consider the full context of labour-management dynamics within the employment relationship. Empirically, this thesis focuses on the unionism and productivity during two contrasting political periods: the first a time of constraint on union action and the second a period of relative freedom. It examines these periods using a full range of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Of particular significant is the inclusion of attitude surveys of the relationship between the presence of unions and productivity conducted amongst workers, managers and trade union officials. The broad conclusion of the thesis is a rejection of the validity of continuing to examine the relationship between trade unions and productivity without locating this within national and historical industrial relations contexts.
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Blank, Sharon Lesley. "Trade union power in the 1990s : a case study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14619/.
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The Conservative governments of 1979-1997 were determined to reduce what they saw as "excessive union power". A succession of Employment and Trade Union Acts designed to undermine collective organisation and therefore trade union power were passed. The common perception tends to be that trade union power has been severely curtailed; however, some researchers suggest that very little has changed on the shopfloor. The main aim of the research was to ascertain what trade union members thought about the power of their trade unions. The focus of the study was on the local and workplace union organisations of the ABEU and UNISON. The research involved a case study approach. Data was obtained through the use of observation, interviews, questionnaires and the analysis of documentary evidence. It is concluded that trade union power is still a reality in the 199Os, though that power may be looked upon differently depending whether the focus is on unions at a national level or within the workplace. National unions may have changed but workplace organisations appear to remain much the same as they always have; some workplace organisations are effective and others do not appear to be as successful at achieving their aims. The success of workplace trade unionism is dependent upon the personalities and styles of working of the lay representatives. The legislation appears to have had little effect on independent workplace union organisations, though claims that the legislation had reduced trade union power appear to have been taken at face value, even by union members. As long as effective lay representatives are forthcoming there is no reason why unions at workplace level should not continue protecting their members' interests well into the 21st century.
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Buchanan, T. "British trade union internationalism and the Spanish Civil War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381789.
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Fertîo, Imre. "Agri-food trade between Hungary and the European Union." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/712.
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Hungary becomes a member of the EU in 2004. As a precursor to full accession, an Association Agreement, signed in 1991, has promoted partial liberalisation of bilateral trade. This thesis investigates the pattern of agri-food trade between Hungary and the EU during the 1990s, employing various theoretical concepts and empirical methods. Hungary is a major agricultural exporter and its pattern of trade over the period remained fairly stable. However, economic and policy changes probably served to worsen the prospects for exports. Indeed, Constant Market Share analysis indicates that Hungary's general competitiveness in EU markets fell. This is also apparent from the indices of Revealed Comparative Advantage which, although suggesting that Hungary has comparative advantage in livestock and arable products, show evidence of an overall decline. A slight growth in intra-industry trade (11T) in agri-food products between Hungary and the EU is shown to be not uniforin by product group or EU member state, or over time, reflecting different patterns of bilateral integration and suggesting an economic restructuring process that is incomplete. Intra-industry trade is shown to be low and dominated by vertically rather than horizontally differentiated products. In a dynamic context, marginal IIT appears also to be low, but assumes greater significance when the index is broadened to include vertical as well as horizontal marginal IIT. Accordingly, the structure of the change in agri-food trade between Hungary and the EU during the period is shown to be predominantly either intra-industry of a vertical nature or inter-industry. Both are believed to incur adjustment costs that are higher than with horizontal HT, but the dominance of vertical IIT suggests that the agri-food industries of Hungary and the EU may be developing in a complementary manner, involving somewhat lower adjustment costs than may have been feared. Tests for the detenninants of Hungary's IIT in agri-food products suggest that separating the measure of lIT into its honzontal and vertical components provides for better estimation and supports the contention that the determinants may differ by type of trade. The level of IIT is found to serve as a better dependent variable than the degree or share of IIT.
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Miller, K. "The legal regulation of trade union government in Scotland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382413.
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Riley, Nicola-Maria. "Trade union membership of newly qualified teachers in England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627472.
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Holiarchuk. "IMPROVING TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33711.
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Mrkvičková, Hana. "Trade potential between the Enlarged European Union and MERCOSUR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1227.
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Tato práce aplikuje Gravitační model k stanovení obchodní výměny mezi Evropskou Unií (EU) a Společným trhem jihu (MERCOSUR) a k předpovědi obchodního potenciálu rozšířené Evropské unie a za účelem zhodnocení možných přínosů plynoucích z rozšíření a z plánované Zóny volného obchodu mezi oběma bloky. Odhadnutý možný obchod je srovnán s aktuální obchodní výměnou Druhá část práce se soustředí na otázku ´možností exportu České republiky do tohoto regionu a zdůrazňuje hlavní vývojové kroky a vlastnosti vzájemného obchodu. Na základě analýzy SWOT se práce soustředí na 3 hlavní obchodní partnery České republiky v této oblasti a identifikuje hlavní příležitosti a problematické oblasti vzájemného obchodu. Závěrečná část práce pojednává o praktických zkušenostech vztahů České republiky a MERCOSURu. Hodnotné zkušenosti poskytli zástupci nejzasvěcenějších stran, tj. zástupci českých zastupitelských úřadů, agentury CzechTrade, finančních institucí EGAP a ČMRZ banky a tří úspěšných společností obchodujících na trzích MERCOSURu
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Chornyi, Dmytro. "Trade and Investment Perspectives between European Union and Ukraine." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16834.
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EU-Ukraine trade relations are important for both parties: for the EU it is a new market with huge land and labor potential, for Ukraine it is a short-term perspective to modernize it's economy. For now the trade and investment relations are not developed as they can be, in this work we analyze the current trade and investment flows between EU and Ukraine, determine the key partners and industries. In order to bring the relations to the new level, we analyze the possible impact of Free Trade Agreement on the both sides in general and more specifically regarding key industries. The result is the recommendation to continue EU-Ukraine integration, especially in terms of economical cooperation.
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Kimbrough, Karin Janel. "Monetary union, real exchange rates and trade in the West African Economic and Monetary Union." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313551.
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Hodder, Andrew John. "Trade union responses to civil service restructuring : organising in the Public and Commercial Services union." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602977.
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This thesis explores the adoption of the organising model of union renewal by the Public and Commercial Services union (PCS) in response to membership decline and civil service restructuring. The neoliberal stance of successive UK Governments, together with the continuing decline of union influence and membership, have led unions to reassess their organisational and recruitment strategies. The growth in union renewal has seen many unions adopt both organising and partnership approaches since the formal re-launch of the TUC in 1994 (Heery, 1998). Despite organising now being a well-established tactic deployed by many unions, evaluating its effectiveness is problematic and requires further detailed research which transcends the extent to which organising fits the organising model. The central aim of this research is to: situate debates around union organising in a wider historical and political context; systematically examine the issues of structure and action in relation to union organising and union purpose; and provide a more holistic overview of one union's approach to organising by examining organising across different (horizontal and vertical) levels of union activity in a recognised environment. Hyman's (1994) model of internal union dynamics was adopted as a framework to examine the extent to which organising has been embedded in the structures of the PCS and the work of Simms (2007a) and Martinez Lucio and Stuart (2005) were applied where appropriate. The research findings extend and challenge the existing literature on union renewal with two case studies illustrating that different sections of the same union can be expected to engage with the organising agenda to varying degrees. This is dependent on the perceived purpose of the union amongst representatives, as well as structural factors such as the employer's organisation of services and employment, the union's own internal structures, and crucially bargaining locus and scope.
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Query, Jason. "The Impact of Transportation Costs and Trade Barriers on International Trade Flows." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19256.
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Because trade is seen as welfare improving for society, governments have long employed their policy-making powers to increase trade levels. In recent years, no strategy has been more employed by policy makers than free trade agreements. As free trade agreements become more popular, world tariff levels rapidly approach zero. Given this, policy makers must look to other methods to encourage trade. I examine how non-tariff trade barriers impact international trade levels. By better understanding these trade barriers, policy makers will be able to make more informed decisions.
To better understand non-tariff trade barriers, I begin with well-known impediments to trade, including the border effect, transportation costs, and the trade creation and trade diversion effects of regional trade agreements. I then demonstrate and examine heterogeneity in these trade costs.
In Chapter II I examine the often-studied border effect, the notion that regions trade more intra-nationally than internationally. I demonstrate that smaller regions are less attractive to foreign trading partners than their larger counterparts. Fixed costs of crossing an international border, as well as more effective marketing methods, mean economically larger U.S. states or Canadian provinces see a smaller border effect. In Chapter III I look at how transportation costs incurred within the exporting country impact trade levels. Using a unique instrumental variable strategy, I show that the cost of getting a good to a port is a significant hindrance to trade. Finally, in Chapter IV I show that the benefits of joining the European Union are heterogeneous across countries. This means that while the E.U. may be beneficial on average, it may not be beneficial for individual countries.