Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights

Academic literature on the topic 'Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights"

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Ahmadi, Maryam, and Leila Ahmadi. "Intellectual Property Rights of Nanobiotechnology in Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS)." Journal of Bionanoscience 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbns.2012.1067.

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Koosha, Abutaleb. "Intellectual property rights of nano-biotechnology in trade related aspects of intellectual property agreement." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (March 20, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2012/v5i3.38.

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Lamy, Pascal. "Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - Ten Years Later." Journal of World Trade 38, Issue 6 (December 1, 2004): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2004038.

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Mathur, Somesh K. "Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Copyright Provisions." Journal of World Intellectual Property 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 65–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2003.tb00194.x.

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Hoen, Ellen't. "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights remain a problem." Lancet 355, no. 9214 (April 2000): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74590-6.

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ADOLF, Huala. "TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Developing Economies 39, no. 1 (March 2001): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2001.tb00893.x.

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Jozwik, Katarzyna. "Investment Regulation and Intellectual Property." Global Trade and Customs Journal 6, Issue 7/8 (July 1, 2011): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2011043.

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This article discusses a consideration of the impact of investment agreements on rights and obligations of developing countries under the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) regime, including general remarks about extension of investment standards to the intellectual property (IP) of covered investment.
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Syafrinaldi, Rani Fadhila, and David Hardiago. "Trips Agreement Dan Standarisasi Hukum Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Industri Di Indonesia." UIR Law Review 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/uirlrev.2021.vol5(1).6992.

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Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right Agreement 1995 (TRPS Agreement) is an international provision in the field of intellectual property rights protection that applies universally. Indonesia as a country of law, has all laws relating to the protection of intellectual property rights with reference to the TRIPS Agreement. The TRIPS Agreemnt formulation must also refer to the Paris Convention For the Protection of Industrial Property, 1883 which has been recognized as the legal basis for the protection of intellectual property rights globally. Protection of industrial assets consisting of Patents, Trademarks, Trade Secrets, Industrial designs, Protection of Plant Varieties and Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits must be carried out by the state towards the holders of the said industrial property rights
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Robbani, Md Golam. "Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Least Developed Countries." Journal of World Intellectual Property 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2005.tb00266.x.

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Gagliani, Gabriele. "Intellectual Property-Related Local Content Requirements in International Trade Law: An Evolving Concept Amid Persisting Questions." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 4 (April 1, 2021): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021016.

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Despite the challenges they pose under international trade law, recent discussions and cases at the World Trade Organization (WTO) demonstrate that local content requirements (LCRs) have enjoyed continued success among both developed and developing countries. This article focuses on a specific type of LCRs, intellectual property-related LCRs (IP-related LCRs). The article argues that the concept and related regulation of LCRs concerning IP rights have undergone a remarkable evolution under international trade law. The notion and regulation of IP-related LCRs, in particular, have changed from the 1883 Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention) and the 1886 Berne Convention on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention) to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1947 and, later, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and other Agreements at the WTO. Indeed, while the Paris Convention and the Berne Convention are still in force, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 and the WTO Agreements have reframed the debate and implications of IP-related LCRs. Nevertheless, some questions on what is permissible under international trade law remain open at the WTO. Given LCRs continued success, some clarifications on their consistency with WTO law may be further needed. Local Content Requirements (LCRs), Agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1994 (GATT 1994), World Trade Organization (WTO), Intellectual Property Rights
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights"

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Ngoga, Eustache. "The current trends towards trade related aspects of intellectual property tights (TRIPS) compliance by the least developed countries: a Rwandian persepctive." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6431_1242717375.

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Many critics have questioned whether the protection of the IPRs would benefit developing countries. It was argued in this paper that developing countires have the interest in protecting IPRs as well. However, it was showed that the benefit of this protection can be realized only if there is a fair rule of the game to all players in the multilateral trading system. The general objective of this research was to examine the current status of IPRs protection and the levels of TRIPS compliance by Rwanda in the area of copyright.

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Soleimani, Hassan. "A legal study of the Iranian intellectual property system and trade related aspects of international property rights agreement : implementation and impacts." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444127.

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Matsinhe, Tania Romana. "The likely impact of trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) in Mozambique : the case of anti-malarial drugs." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6990.

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Bibliography: leaves 94-99.
Since 1994, there has been a lot of attention drawn on the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as the most important international instrument ever negotiated in this area. TRIPS establishes minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property and the intention is to implement these standards globally through a strong enforcement mechanism established in WTO. These standards affect pharmaceuticals, which many countries had previously excluded from patent protection in order to produce drugs at reduced prices and hence contribute to the improvement of public health. But now any Member State must comply with these minimum standards since failure to do so will result to the WTO dispute settlement system. No extensive review of the practical implications of the TRIPS Agreement has taken place at the global and national levels. The main objective of this paper is to examine the likely impact of this agreement on anti-malarial drugs in Mozambique. Given the persistence of the malaria epidemic in the country and the resistance to the drugs being utilized for this disease there is an acknowledged need for a new drug to eradicate the problem. The problem is that this new drug is likely to be under patent and this country has relied on generic drugs for all its existence and being a Member of the WTO Agreement they now have to wait until patents on the required drugs have expired or be submissive to the more expensive original brand. To accomplish this objective and to ascertain the end result of the above situation, past experiences were a major tool. By reviewing experiences of less developed countries in relation to patent protection and pharmaceuticals, some conclusions were made possible. In order to narrow down the conclusions drawn from these country experiences, a study was done in the Mozambican public sector by reviewing and analyzing the existing laws and regulations pertaining to pharmaceuticals and patent protection. This was done through questionnaires and interviews of the main stakeholders in this area. With this information the researcher was able to describe where Mozambique stands in relation to patents and how this might affect the pharmaceutical industry as a Member of the WTO agreement in the long run. This study therefore, relies heavily on secondary data.
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Satardien, Mogammad Zain. "A critical analysis of the trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights agreement and has South Africa complied with this agreement with special reference to patented pharmaceuticals." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5140_1205413683.

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The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) ia a multilateral international treaty introduced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that came into effect on 1 June 1995. At a basic level it attempted to establish minimum standards for the regulation of intellectual property rights within those countries that are members of the WTO and signatories to it. This thesis served a dual purpose. The first leg was to embark on an investigation into TRIPS, criticallt analyzing the provisions of the Agreement. The important aim here was to analyze and discover whether TRIPS is sensitive to weaker countries. The second leg was to probe within the the legislative framework of South Africa and determine whether South Africa as a "
developing copuntry"
, has complied with the demands as expressed by TRIPS. This investigation was done with specific reference to South African patent law.

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Kuudogrme, Barbara Bangfudem. "Towards the effective utilisation of trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights flexibilities to improve access to essential medicines in Ghana." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6825.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Access to medicines is an essential component of the basic human right to health and a key determinant of the importance attached to the health care system of a country. It essentially entails the availability and acceptability of the essential medicines on the market and the ability of patients to afford such medicines when needed. Globally, countries face access to medicine challenges partly because of patents which undoubtedly accounts for excessive pricing of medicine. As such, efforts have been made to ensure the accessibility of medicines through the Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) flexibilities of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Beyond these interventions, it is incumbent on Members of the WTO to domesticate the flexibilities of the TRIPS Agreement before their utilisation because by their very nature, they cannot be self-executed. With an estimated population of 29.6 million, about 310 000 people in Ghana are living with HIV. The country’s health facilities record 40 per cent of outpatient visits each year and about 14 550 per 100 000 of the population are infected with tuberculosis with cancer on the rise. These diseases require medicines which are mostly patented yet Ghana has access to medicine problems despite the existence of a national health insurance system. Ghana has however not fully incorporated the TRIPS flexibilities in its national legislations and therefore unable to fully utilise the flexibilities as an option to access essential medicines. Questions therefore remain as to why and how Ghana can utilise the flexibilities to improve access to medicines. Based on an examination of the WTO’s patent system and legislations of Ghana, this mini- thesis contends that, the extent of incorporation of the flexibilities are inadequate due to the existence of lacunas in the Ghanaian legislations. Furthermore, a comparative assessment with South Africa supports an understanding that conditions are not ripe for full utilisation of all the flexibilities. It further argues that the utilisation of the TRIPS flexibilities by Ghana has been rendered ineffective due to administrative, political, economic and social challenges which adversely affects the full utilisation of the flexibilities incorporated and those yet to be incorporated. It is therefore important that Ghana adopts holistic approaches taking into consideration best practices if the TRIPS flexibilities must be effectively utilised. This mini-thesis concludes that, the TRIPS flexibilities are necessary for accessing essential medicines in Ghana to promote the right to health and that a review of Ghana’s current legislations to fully incorporate the TRIPS flexibilities and addressing other non-legal challenges are the required linchpin for effective utilisation of the TRIPS flexibilities.
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Bidie, Simphiwe Sincere. "The obligation of non-discrimination under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the agreement on Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): a developmental perspective." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/338.

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The non-discrimination obligation has existed since the twelfth century. It has been practiced since then, changing from a conditional to unconditional form with the passage of time. It became firmly applied unconditionally at the multilateral level in 1947 after the formation of the GATT trading system upon which several countries based their trading relations. In 1995 when the WTO was formed, the underlying principles of the GATT 1947 became part of the WTO trading system, including the non-discrimination obligation. When countries join the WTO they automatically become subject to the non-discrimination obligation. The ever increasing value of services and trade in the value of intellectual property has necessitated a look at the fundamental principles of world trade that countries have to adhere to in their trade relations. Incidentally, countries are not at the same level economically, hence one of the purposes of the WTO is to facilitate development in developing countries. Accordingly, this requires different application and/or interpretation of these fundamental principles in different situations, depending on the development level of each Member country. Amongst the five principles that underlie the international trading system, the non-discrimination principle is the focus of this study. The sustainability of the entire economic relations between WTO Member countries is dependent upon their fair compliance with this obligation. The obligation is found in Articles II and XVII of the GATS and Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS. The Membership of the WTO is made up of developed and developing countries. As a result of the fundamental nature of the obligation it is imperative that the scope and interpretation of this obligation, as developed by WTO adjudicating bodies, be analysed to determine if the obligation’s application and/or interpretation satisfies the above fundamental object and purpose of the multilateral system of trade. The intention here is at all times to show the importance that the non-discrimination obligation carries in international economic and legal interactions and how non-observance of this obligation would negatively affect relations between Member countries of the WTO.
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Majok, Daniel Bol. "Access to essential medicines in East Africa: A review of East Africa community and its member states approach to WTO-TRIPS public health flexibilities." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6202.

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When the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was annexed to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1994, it set minimum standards for intellectual property (IP) protection, including protection of patent rights, that must be observed and enforced by all WTO Member States. On the one hand, stringent Intellectual Property protection as seen innovation in the field of science where medical innovation hasled to the creation of live saving vaccines which have reduced prevalence of diseases, ranging from polio to the human Papillomavirus, and invention of antiretroviral medicines which have greatly improved the lives of people living with the Huma Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). On the other hand, the fulfilment of the obligations under TRIPS has generated a lot of controversy especially as they have been seen as the cause of reduced access to essential medicines in developing countries.
Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)
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Ahamadu, Ibrahim. "Intellectual Property Rights : A Barricade to Technological Development. An Ethical Analysis on the Less Developed Countries." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1915.

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Debate over Intellectual Property Rights ‘IPRs’ particularly patent and copyrights is mainly on forward-looking industries in computer software. As part of a trade deal reached in 1994, the member nations of the World Trade Organisation must adhere to a global agreement known as TRIPS, for the Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights.

This study is to analyse the ethical conception of Intellectual Property Rights and in particular its implications on the developing countries in relation to TRIPS. The approach will be to analyse a broad philosophical theories of property to see if there is any justification for a software program to be treated as private property and also argue base on John Rawls two principles of justice in relation to TRIPS Agreement. Some reflections will be put on the use of open-source software by less developing countries.

From the study it was asserted that, strong IPRs protection would hinder technological transfer and indigenous learning activities in the early stage of industrialisation when learning takes place through reverse engineering. And policy makers should consider differentiation in terms of the level of economic and industrial development, if protection and enforcement of IPRs is intended to enhance technological development.

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Štrosová, Alžběta. "Práva k duševnímu vlastnictví v obchodních jednáních WTO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12294.

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The goal of this diploma thesis is to introduce the intellectual property rights protection in the member states of the World Trade Organization and the main agreement that regulates this area, i.e. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual property Rights. The only discussed topic in the current round of negotiations are geographical indications and the creation of multilateral system for notifying and registering geographical indications for wines and spirits. Moreover, the thesis deals with the work of the TRIPS Council and several disputes related to TRIPS fulfillment.
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Mugambe, Lydia. "The exceptions to patent rights under the WTO-TRIPS Agreement : where is the right to health guaranteed?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/980.

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"The thesis of this study is that the flexibility within the exceptions to patent rights protecton under the TRIPS Agreement has not sufficiently been exploited at the national level. The study conceptualises the regimes for the protection of the right to health and IPRs not as mutually exclusive but as potentially reinforcing. The contention is therefore that the obligations in respect to the right to health limit the manner in which states can exercise the flexibilty within the patent regime of the TRIPS Agreement. Eventually the study seeks to answer the question: Where does the guarantee for the right to health lie in light of the TRIPS regime? ... The study is divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction. The introduction lays the background for te discussion. Chapter one deals with the definition of important concepts and provides the context in which the study is set. The chapter also discusses the background to the creation of the TRIPS Agreement, with an emphatic discussion on the involvement or lack thereof of Africn and other least developed and developing countries in this process. Chapter two discusses the patent rights exceptions clause under the TRIPS Agreement. Against this background, compuslory licensing, government use and parallel importing as means of making accessibility to drugs a reality under the TRIPS Agreement will be discussed. Chapter three identifies other means of making drugs more accessible and identifying places where they have worked well. In this chapter, generic substitution, establishemnt of a pricing committee, therapeutic value pricing, pooled procurement, negotiated procurement and planned donations will be discussed. Finally a conclusion will be drawn from the discussion and recommendations will be advanced." -- Chapter 1.
Prepared under the supervision of Riekie Wandrag at the Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2002.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Books on the topic "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights"

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Correa, Carlos Maria. Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights: A commentary on the TRIPS agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Correa, Carlos Maria. Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights: A commentary on the TRIPS agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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author, Lawson Charles, and Davison Mark J. author, eds. The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A commentary. Cheltenham. UK: Edward Elgar, 2014.

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Correa, Carlos. Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights: A commentary on the TRIPS agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Blakeney, Michael. Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights: A concise guide to the TRIPS agreement. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1996.

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Unfinished business in the WTO Agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Harare: Trade and Development Studies, 2006.

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TRIPs agreement: Copyright and related rights. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.

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Friedrich-Karl, Beier, and Schricker Gerhard 1935-, eds. From GATT to TRIPs: The agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. Weinheim: VCH, 1996.

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Implementing the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in Zimbabwe. Belgravia, Harare: Trade and Development Studies Centre, 2005.

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Pakistan. The intellectual property code: Containing laws on Intellectual Property rights and related aspects in Pakistan :PIPRO, Copyrights ... Rawalpindi: Federal Law House, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights"

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"Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights." In International Economic Law, 297–331. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108500241.012.

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"Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property rights." In Status of WTO Legal Instruments, 113–16. WTO, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/58b58055-en.

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"Article 2. Intellectual Property Conventions." In WTO - Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, 95–149. Brill | Nijhoff, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004145672.i-910.39.

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Carlos Maria, Correa. "Ch.13 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights." In Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707219.003.0013.

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This chapter focuses on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Unlike pre-existing conventions on IPRs, the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement contains a detailed set of provisions relating to the enforcement of such rights. The aim of Part III of the Agreement is to ensure that in addition to make available certain rights, Members adopt obligations to permit their effective exercise. Article 41 sets forth the general obligation regarding enforcement: to ensure that procedures as specified in this Part are available under the Member’s national law ‘so as to permit effective action against any act of infringement of intellectual property rights covered by this Agreement’. Article 41.1 requires the establishment of two types of remedies. These include expeditious remedies to prevent infringements, and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further infringements. Although the obligation to provide ‘expeditious remedies to prevent infringements’ is stipulated in general terms in Article 41.1, the specific content of such obligation is developed in Article 50 (provisional measures) and Article 51 (border measures) of the Agreement. Members may not be required to go beyond what is required under these provisions.
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Carlos Maria, Correa. "Ch.5 Copyright and Related Rights." In Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707219.003.0005.

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This chapter assesses Section 1 of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, which deals with ‘copyright and related rights’. It contains six Articles that supplement the Berne Convention. The premise for copyright—or authors’ rights—protection is that creation and cultural activities are stimulated by the granting of exclusive rights. In the absence of such rights, it is argued, the production and distribution on new works for the public would be jeopardized. As in the case of patents, several theories have been proposed to justify copyright protection, namely, natural law, a just reward for labor, the stimulation of creativity, and the social usefulness of copyright. It is necessary to bear in mind, however, that a large portion of creative works are developed without pursuing any protection against copying. The ‘open source’ model for software development is just an example of alternative paths to encourage creativity and innovation.
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Carlos Maria, Correa. "Ch.3 International Exhaustion of Rights." In Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707219.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the issue of exhaustion of rights. Article 6 disclaims any intent in the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement to limit the Members’ freedom to regulate the issue of exhaustion of rights with regard to all types of intellectual property rights (IPRs). It declares the admissibility of the international exhaustion of rights, that is, the possibility of legally importing into a country a product protected by intellectual property rights, after the product has been legitimately put on the market in a foreign market. These imports—made by a party without the authorization of the title-holder but equally legal—are generally known as ‘parallel imports’. Moreover, Article 6 of the TRIPS Agreement has left Member countries freedom to incorporate the principle of exhaustion of rights into their domestic law with a national, regional, or international reach. The issue as such cannot be the subject matter of a dispute settlement under the Agreement.
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"Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)." In Annual Report, 62–64. WTO, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/ef251fcb-en.

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"Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)." In Annual Report, 78–82. WTO, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/0c3fe812-en.

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"Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)." In Annual Report, 49–51. WTO, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/862a18e3-en.

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"Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)." In Annual Report 2015, 69–71. WTO, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/9ae06740-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights"

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Li, Yan, Yi Sui, and Qing-bo Huang. "Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and China's Technology Strategy." In 3d International Conference on Applied Social Science Research (ICASSR 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassr-15.2016.4.

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Indradewi, Anak Agung Sagung Ngurah. "Patent Norm Conflict on Trade-Related Aspect Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) in Mining Perspective." In 2018 International Conference on Energy and Mining Law (ICEML 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceml-18.2018.1.

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Zolotukhin, Aleksey, and Dilshod Sidikov. "Transformation of the norms of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in the Republic of Tajikistan." In Proceedings of the International Conference "Topical Problems of Philology and Didactics: Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences" (TPHD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/tphd-18.2019.91.

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"Two Decades Post the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual property Rights (TRIPS): Analytical perspectives on cases of pharmaceutical patent disputes." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy (LRPP 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp13.43.

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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "Establishment of a Company and Share Acquisitions in Turkey by Foreigner Investors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02230.

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Relating to the establishment and acquisition of a company in Turkey by foreign investors, Foreign Direct Investments Law No.4875, FDI has entered into force on 17.06.2003. FDI formed a notification-based system rather than an approval-based system for foreigners to establish a new company and to take over company shares. Accordingly, company information regarding foreign investors will be notified to the General Directorate of Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital via “Electronic Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital Information System”. Foreign investment means establishment of a new company by a foreign investor or share acquisitions of an existing company, any percentage of shares acquired outside the stock exchange or 10 percentage or more of the shares/voting power of a company acquired through the stock exchange, by means of the following economic assets: assets acquired from abroad by the foreign investor which are capital in cash in the form of convertible currency bought and sold by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, stocks and bonds of foreign companies excluding government bonds, machinery and equipment, industrial and intellectual property rights; or assets acquired from Turkey by foreign investor which are reinvested earnings, revenues, financial claims, or any other investment-related rights of financial value, rights for the exploration and extraction of natural resources. According to Article 4 of the Regulation for Implementation of Foreign Direct Investment Law, the Ministry of Economy shall provide information on the companies within the scope of foreign direct investments from Trade Registry Offices and related public institutions and organizations.
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6

Hockberger, William A. "The Quadrimaran Reexamined." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-026.

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The Quadrimaran was invented in France in the mid-1980s by Daniel Tollet. It was an inspired design and a radical departure from traditional ship design by a man from outside the marine industry unconstrained by industry technical practices and education. Technical experts could see it would entail more structure and subsystems than other high-performance vessels, but its promise was that those penalties would be more than offset by its claimed low power and fuel consumption. A prototype/demonstrator, Alexander, was built in 1990 and operated for five years carrying and impressing many hundreds of riders. Alexander performed beautifully and appeared to bear out what was claimed. Contracts for several Quadrimarans of different sizes came quickly, especially considering how conservative an industry this is. That was significantly due to Tollet's personal charisma and skill in selling riders on the dream of carrying passengers and freight over the water fast and in comfort, yet economically. Great skepticism prevailed in some quarters, especially among naval architects knowledgeable about AMVs (advanced marine vehicles) and early-stage whole-ship design. At technical meetings, one Quadrimaran principal would comment, for example, "Why would you carry freight across the Atlantic at 38 knots on 230,000 horsepower (a reference to the planned Fastship Atlantic TG-770) when you could do it at 60 knots on only 65,000 horsepower?" Listeners would ask how this could be possible, and he would assert again that the Quadrimaran could do it, but would decline to explain. Respected technical people were working with Tollet and his company and becoming convinced of the Quadrimaran's merit. Along with the contracts came engineers with experience in ship detail design and construction (very different from early-stage whole-ship design), or responsibilities for assessing and approving ships for service. Others were with engine and equipment suppliers. Their opinion that there was something unique and special about the Quadrimaran gave it credibility and influenced more people to accept the major claims made for it. Some dismissed the most extreme claims but still accepted the idea that the Quadrimaran was capable of unusually high performance - considerably less than was being claimed, perhaps, but high nevertheless. In hindsight it is clear the skeptics were right. Results never met expectations, nor could they have. In reality, the Quadrimaran has aspects that inherently prevent it from achieving the characteristics and performance its inventor believed attainable. It cannot be built in a commercially useful size and actually perform as intended. Why this is so will be explained. A crucial fact in the Quadrimaran's history is that Daniel Tollet and his close associates believed strongly that naval architects and engineers who had been immersed in working with the existing ship types would be unable to give the Quadrimaran the very different treatment they believed it required. (Their own educations and professional work were nontechnical.) Such people were excluded from the development of Quadrimaran designs, and the belated discovery of many fundamental technical problems can be attributed to this. The company Tollet established had a number of names over the years, and other associated entities were created at times for various purposes. In this paper they are referred to collectively as QIH (Quadrimaran International Holdings) so as not to confuse things unnecessarily. In 2004 QuadTech Marine LLC was established and acquired the Quadrimaran patent (US Patent No. 5,191,849) and related intellectual property from QIH. QuadTech laid out an extensive R&D program to close gaps in the technical background and address identified issues. In the process, additional information on earlier QIH projects and products was obtained and studied, which brought to light problems that significantly compromised the Quadrimaran's prospective performance and utility. The resulting much-reduced set of potential uses and users led the company to effectively stop pursuing Quadrimaran projects after 2009. (Note: The author was Chief Technology Officer for QuadTech Marine during 2006-9, studying the Quadrimaran and planning the R&D.)
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Reports on the topic "Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights"

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Lettington, Robert J. L. Small-scale Agriculture and the Nutritional Safeguard under Article 8(1) of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_wp_20031101.

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