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Journal articles on the topic 'Trade Measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Bojnec, Štefan, and Imre Fertő. "Complementarities of trade advantage and trade competitiveness measures." Applied Economics 44, no. 4 (February 2012): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2010.508725.

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2

Magee, Christopher S. P. "New measures of trade creation and trade diversion." Journal of International Economics 75, no. 2 (July 2008): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.03.006.

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3

Avsar, Veysel, Gultekin Gollu, and Nurgul Sevinc. "Strict trade measures, flexible financing." Southern Economic Journal 88, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): 1431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12570.

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4

Yu, Eden S. H., and Chi‐Chur Chao. "On Investment Measures and Trade." World Economy 21, no. 4 (June 1998): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00147.

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5

Barardehi, Yashar H., Dan Bernhardt, and Ryan J. Davies. "Trade-Time Measures of Liquidity." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 126–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy012.

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6

Iwata, Nobuto. "World Trade Organization and the Recycling Trade: Trade Measures for Global Environmental Preservation." Japanese Economy 33, no. 4 (December 2006): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/jes1097-203x330403.

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7

Zagel, Gudrun. "The WTO and Trade-Related Human Rights Measures: Trade Sanctions vs. Trade Incentives**." Austrian Review of International and European Law Online 9, no. 1 (2006): 119–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157365104x00044.

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8

Nielsen, Laura, and S. Charnovitz. "Trade & climate change: Limits for consumption based trade measures?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 50 (February 1, 2009): 502007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/50/502007.

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9

Sankar, U. "Trade Measures in Climate Change Policies." Indian Economic Journal 57, no. 3 (October 2009): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220090308.

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10

Ranné, Omar. "More leeway for unilateral trade measures?" Intereconomics 34, no. 2 (March 1999): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02927838.

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11

Dadwal, Shebonti Ray. "Energy-Related Border Trade Measures: Can They Lead to Trade Wars?" Strategic Analysis 34, no. 6 (October 29, 2010): 872–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2010.512483.

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12

Nenadyshina, Tatiana S. "ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRAD EFACILITATION MEASURES." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-4-105-116.

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The article discusses some approaches to evaluation of trade facilitation measures developed by international economic organizations. The main benchmarks showing the effect of foreign trade policy conducted by public authorities have been identified. The author named the main evaluation criteria applied to the analysis of measures implemented in order to simplify trade procedures, and also considered the approaches (general, special) to the analysis of the effectiveness of public policy in this area. Using the results of the ranking of the EAEU member states as an example, a comparative analysis was made of various ratings used in evaluating the implementation of trade facilitation initiatives, which are compiled according to different approaches to the analysis of the effectiveness of trade facilitation measures. The research shows that the use of the approaches described in the article has certain limitations, and to obtain a reliable evaluation, it is necessary to betake a comprehensive analysis. Also, these limitations should be taken into account when using statistical information from the sources considered when building economic models.

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13

Mazumdar, Rahul, Pravakar Sahoo, and Niloptal Goswami. "Trade Facilitation: Must for Indias Trade Competitiveness." Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 2 (April 1, 2017): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017012.

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Trade facilitation is a broad framework of practices that simplify and harmonize international trade procedures and domestic practices to reduce trade and transaction costs and time, and ultimately impact the competitiveness of the product and the producer. India aspires to sustain high growth rates and achieve a double-digit growth rate in the medium term to realise its potential demographic dividend. In this context, trade facilitation, along with other policy measures, assumes critical importance, and even more so as India’s exports have been experiencing negative growth for more than a year now. The success of the ‘Make in India’ to boost manufacturing sector depends on how successfully Indian firms are integrated with global value chains and on how successful they are in increasing their competitiveness by easing the measures of doing business and by attracting investment across sectors. At the core of all these is trade facilitation, along with other improvements in structural and policy measures. This article comprehensively examines India’s trade facilitation measures so far and their effectiveness and future steps.

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14

Signoret, José E. "On Cargo Security Measures and Trade Costs." Global Economy Journal 11, no. 3 (September 2011): 1850234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1733.

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Can tighter cargo security measures lead to higher trade costs and increased trade frictions? This paper examines the impact of the Container Security Initiative (CSI), implemented by the United States in several foreign ports after the September 11 terrorist attacks. It analyzes monthly data for all containerized U.S. imports from 1999 to 2006, by foreign port and country of origin. The analysis exploits these longitudinal data at the port-level and the varying starting dates across CSI ports to identify the causal effect of the initiative. While higher import charges over time are observed, the results find no significant evidence of a “CSI effect” on either import costs or import flows.

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15

Messent, James, and Julien Gourdon. "How Government Procurement Measures Can Affect Trade." Journal of World Trade 53, Issue 5 (October 1, 2019): 679–757. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2019029.

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A number of countries used discriminatory government procurement policies as part of stimulus packages designed to alleviate the effects of the global economic crisis. This article collates and updates the evidence related to the size of procurement markets, the level of home bias they exhibit, and the effectiveness of multilateral and bilateral procurement agreements in reducing that bias. The share of procurement in GDP has been increasing gradually since 1995 with clear spikes during 2000–2002 and 2008–2010, the latter in response to the global economic crisis. The analysis presents evidence of domestic bias in government procurement markets, bias which has been increasing over recent years. The analysis in this article suggests that the results of international efforts to address home bias in government procurement have been mixed to date. The World Trade Organization’s Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) is found to reduce discrimination in procurement markets, although available – but limited – evidence does not indicate a significant effect for bilateral agreements. The evidence suggests liberalization of investment barriers undertaken in parallel with trade agreements increases the ability of those agreements to reduce discrimination. This suggests that countries negotiating procurement agreements could also benefit from negotiating investment agreements in parallel.

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16

Mathis, James H. "Trade Related Environmental Measures in the Gatt." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 18, Issue 2 (November 1, 1991): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie1991006.

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17

Rossi, Francisco. "Free trade agreements and TRIPS-plus measures." International Journal of Intellectual Property Management 1, no. 1/2 (2006): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijipm.2006.011027.

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18

Griffith1, Robin. "International Trade Treaties and Environmental Protection Measures." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00008.x.

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19

Blythe, Jim. "Objectives and Measures at UK Trade Exhibitions." Journal of Marketing Management 16, no. 1-3 (February 2000): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725700785100488.

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20

Greenaway, David. "Trade Related Investment Measures and Development Strategy." Kyklos 45, no. 2 (May 1992): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1992.tb02111.x.

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21

Lloyd, P. J., and D. MacLaren. "Measures of trade openness using CGE analysis." Journal of Policy Modeling 24, no. 1 (March 2002): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-8938(01)00096-5.

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22

Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano. "Agri-food trade and non-tariff measures." Agrekon 58, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2019.1679478.

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23

Yampoin, Revadee, and William A. Kerr. "Can trade measures induce compliance with trips?" Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 3, no. 2 (January 1998): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547869808724643.

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24

Hwang, Chae Won, and Song Soo Lim. "Effect of non-tariff measures on international tea trades." Journal of Korea Trade 21, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-05-2017-0054.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of differences in sanitary and phytosanitary measures as non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the tea trade between importing and exporting countries. With the progress of trade liberalization, there has been a shift of focus to NTMs as alternative or potential trade barriers. Design/methodology/approach In order to quantify an NTM on tea trade and implement its empirical application, this study designed an index of differences in maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the pesticide endosulfan and introduced it into a gravity trade model. The estimation challenges in the presence of heteroscedasticity and many zero-trade flows are resolved by taking the Heckman and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimators. Findings This study found that differences in MRLs, arising from the stricter standards in importing countries lead to a significant decrease in tea trade value. This negative impact of differences in MRLs is found to be slightly less than that of tariffs, implying that in this case, the NTM acts as a policy substitute for import tariffs in the global tea trade. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is to suggest and quantify the differences in MRLs across countries as a substantial NTM on the global tea trade and provide its empirical application.

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25

Lazaro, Dorothea, and Aiken Tafgar. "Trade Facilitation Measures under FTAs: Are They Discriminatory against Nonmembers?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 5, Issue 10 (October 1, 2010): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2010048.

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Are trade facilitation measures under free trade agreements (FTAs) discriminatory? This important question has yet to be sufficiently explored by the existing literature on trade facilitation. Despite the multilateral scope and nondiscriminatory objectives of trade facilitation measures, some trade facilitation measures under FTAs can be discriminatory, similar to those in preferential tariff elimination. Based on a review of FTAs in Asia and the Pacific, this study provides detailed empirical analysis on whether or not trade facilitation provisions in FTAs are exclusive to contracting FTA partners and how the measures can be discriminatory against nonmembers.

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26

Schultz, Jenny, and Rachel Ball. "Trade as a Weapon? The WTO and Human Rights-Based Trade Measures." Deakin Law Review 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2007vol12no1art167.

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<p>Can the World Trade Organisation become a body for addressing human rights issues? As an international body the the WTO is growing in stature. However moves to encompass human rights concerns are unlikely to go unchallenged by developing nations, and the WTO’s internal rules add another layer of complexity. Trade sanctions can be a blunt weapon in human rights campaigns.</p>

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27

SUVANNAPHAKDY, Sithanonxay. "Streamlining Non-tariff Measures for Agri-food Trade in ASEAN." East Asian Policy 13, no. 04 (October 2021): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930521000295.

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Streamlining non-tariff measures (NTMs) plays an important role in improving market access for trade in goods among ASEAN-10 countries. An assessment of the impact of NTMs in ASEAN reveals that the agri-food trade has been constrained by contingent trade protective measures, quantity-control measures, technical barriers to trade (TBT), and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The proliferation of SPS and TBT measures, coupled with their severe effects, suggests the need to accelerate NTM reforms in ASEAN.

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28

Duval, Y., T. Wang, C. Utoktham, and A. Kravchenko. "Next-generation Trade Facilitation for Asian Integration: Cross-border Paperless Trade." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 1, no. 1 (April 2019): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684618821473.

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Reducing trade costs is essential to achieve Asian integration. Trade costs in the Asian and the Pacific region remain high, in particular, between different Asian subregions. Significant progress has been made in implementation of trade facilitation measures between 2015 and 2017, particularly those included in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). However, progress in implementing of next-generation digital trade facilitation measures, such as cross-border paperless trade measures, has been more limited. Simulation results suggest that full implementation of such measures could nearly double trade costs reductions expected from WTO TFA implementation. A new regional United Nations (UN) treaty, the Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific, may accelerate progress in this area. JEL Codes: F13, F15, F17

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29

Hartmann, Stephanie. "Russia – Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit (WTO)." International Legal Materials 58, no. 5 (October 2019): 899–1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2019.40.

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On April 5, 2019, a World Trade Organization (WTO) panel (Panel) issued its decision in the dispute Russia – Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit. This decision is notable because it is the first instance in which a WTO panel has been called on to interpret the national security provision of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994), Article XXI.

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30

Jordaan, André C. "Impact of Non-Tariff Measures on Trade in Mauritius." Foreign Trade Review 52, no. 3 (May 29, 2017): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732516681873.

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Gains of international trade are largely based on the absence of trade restrictions among trading countries. The perceived advantage of a steady decrease in tariffs worldwide was unfortunately progressively replaced by non-tariff measures (NTMs) globally. The impact of these NTMs is, however, not exactly clear as it appears in sometimes a much disguised manner. NTMs seem to be very important in limiting the flow of imports to trading countries, although accurately measuring the effects of it is fairly difficult. The purpose of this article is to estimate the impact of NTMs on the volume of trade in Mauritius. The 20 major export destinations of Mauritius are analyzed to determine the impact of tariffs and NTMs on the exports from Mauritius. Using the trade freedom scores as proxy for trade restrictions, it has been established that Mauritius’ volume of export flows are much lower due to the NTMs applied by its importing trading partners.

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31

Thorstensen, Vera, and Carolina Müller. "HOW DOES INTERNATIONAL TRADE REGULATION ADDRESSES EXCHANGE RATES MEASURES?" Revista Direito GV 10, no. 2 (December 2014): 379–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-2432201416.

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ABSTRACT This is study seeks to analyze the international trade regulatory framework regarding exchange rate measures that bear an impact on trade. The present article will explore how the exchange rate issue relates to the WTO and affects its instruments and principles and, in the following, will look for provisions under the WTO agreements that could address the exchange rate issue and rebalance the impacts caused by misaligned currencies on trade.

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32

Azhar, Abdul K. M., and Robert J. R. Elliott. "Economic Integration and the Evolution of Trade: A Geometric Interpretation of Trade Measures." Journal of Economic Integration 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2004): 651–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2004.19.4.651.

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33

Pawlak, Karolina. "NON-TARIFF DIMENSION OF NEOPROTECTIONISM IN WORLD TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIV, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7473.

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The aim of this paper was to determine the scope of non-tariff measures used in the world agri-food trade in 2020. This study used data of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Global Trade Alert data. Applying the methodology developed by the UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization (WTO) three indexes were established to describe the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) to trade, i.e., the Frequency Index, the Coverage Ratio and the Prevalence Ratio. The number of trade preferences and trade restrictions used by the largest exporters and importers of agri-food products was also measured. The analysis showed that the scope of use of non-tariff protection measures in world trade in agri-food products is much greater compared to other branches of the economy. In countries implementing a highly protectionist trade policy, such as Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Canada, the USA and Vietnam, non-tariff instruments were used in relation to all tariff lines and the entire value of import. To the greatest extent, non-tariff protection measures were adopted in the trade of non-processed plant origin products, including cereals, oilseeds and oleaginous fruit, fruit and vegetables, as well as dairy products. Countries most commonly implementing trade restrictions against their partners and, at the same time, at greatest risk of retaliatory actions on their part included EU countries, the USA and China.

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34

Howse, Robert. "World Trade Law and Renewable Energy: : the Case of Non-tariff Measures." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 3, no. 6 (2006): 500–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601006x00155.

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AbstractOver the last two decades, trade and environment issues have typically been a source of intense controversy and conflict in the world trading system. Renewable energy, however, represents an area where we believe that freer less-distorted trade and environmental protection have the potential to be mutually reinforcing. Historically, electrical energy itself has not been traded across borders, with some exceptions (Canada and the US and in the EU). However, with the de-monopolisation of electricity in an increasing number of jurisdictions, and the unbundling of functions such as generation, grid operation, transmission, and retailing as well as the development of financial instruments such as futures and options contracts for energy, the structure of the entire market is starting to change, complicating the analysis under WTO law. This article aims to raise questions and suggest areas where domestic and international policymakers may need to consider undertaking further analysis.

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35

Johan, Eva, and Hanna Schebesta. "Religious Regulation Meets International Trade Law: Halal Measures, a Trade Obstacle? Evidence from the SPS and TBT Committees." Journal of International Economic Law 25, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgac003.

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ABSTRACT The article studies the intersection of religious regulation and trade law. Specifically, it provides evidence about whether, when, and how domestic Halal measures are regarded as trade obstacles under World Trade Organization law. We conduct a systematic content analysis of Halal measures as a trade concern in the work of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Technical Barriers to Trade Committees, by analysing notifications of domestic Halal measures and Specific Trade Concerns raised. On this basis, we identify the five most pressing trade concerns relating to Halal measures in International Economic Law.

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36

Yilmaz, Müslüm. "The Legal Relationship between Special Safeguard Measures on Agricultural Products and General Safeguard Measures." Global Trade and Customs Journal 4, Issue 3 (March 1, 2009): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2009011.

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The article addresses the question of whether a World Trade Organization (WTO) Member is permitted to simultaneously apply a special safeguard measure under Article 5 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AGA) and a general safeguard measure under Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards on the same agricultural product. The author argues that such simultaneous application is possible as a matter of law and proposes that the text of Article 5.8 be amended in order to refl ect this. That said, the author also acknowledges that in practice it would be difficult, if not impossible, to demonstrate that the conditions for the simultaneous application of these two measures on the same agricultural product are met.

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37

Sugathan, Mahesh, Carolyn Deere Birkbeck, Ronald Steenblik, and David Vivas Eugui. "A Review of Trade Policies and Measures Relevant to Trade in Plastics and Plastic Pollution." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 7/8 (July 1, 2021): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021036.

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This article presents a first scholarly review of the trade policies and measures applied to trade in plastics, including those relevant to plastic pollution. It reviews existing tariff policies applied to plastics (section 1) and non-tariff measures applied to plastics (section 2). Section 3 provides a synopsis of environment-related trade measures relevant to plastic pollution. Analysis of the current state of play provides important insights that can inform both the United Nations ongoing discussions on intergovernmental cooperation to address plastic pollution and the dialogue underway at the WTO to identify how trade related policies could support the Sustainable Development Goals. Plastic pollution, trade measures, plastic trade, WTO, environment and trade

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38

Park, Joohui. "Governing Cybersecurity Measures in the Digital Trade Agreements." Korean Journal of International Economic Law 19, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 75–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.46271/kjiel.2021.07.19.2.75.

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39

de Lucio, Juan, Raúl Mínguez, Asier Minondo, and Francisco Requena. "Impact of Covid-19 containment measures on trade." International Review of Economics & Finance 80 (July 2022): 766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2022.02.051.

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40

Seok-Yong Lee. "Trade Restrictive Measures for Environment Protection in WTO." 과학기술법연구 22, no. 3 (October 2016): 295–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.32430/ilst.2016.22.3.295.

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41

Van Loen, R. A. J. "Foreign Trade & Econ Abstracts Measures Up Internationally." Reference Librarian 7, no. 17 (October 1987): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v07n17_20.

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42

Ferreira, Yuri Da Cunha, Cristiano Morini, and Luis Antonio de Santa-Eulalia. "Streamlining air import operations by trade facilitation measures." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv10n2p100-119.

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43

Lloyd, Peter, and Donald MacLaren. "Partial- and General-Equilibrium Measures of Trade Restrictiveness." Review of International Economics 18, no. 5 (October 29, 2010): 1044–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00925.x.

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44

Kong, Xiaobang. "Concept and scope of technical measures to trade." Peking University Law Journal 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20517483.2019.1705636.

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45

Charnovitz, Steve. "Trade Measures and the Design of International Regimes." Journal of Environment & Development 5, no. 2 (June 1996): 168–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659600500204.

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46

Keshk, Omar M. G., Rafael Reuveny, and Brian M. Pollins. "Trade and Conflict: Proximity, Country Size, and Measures." Conflict Management and Peace Science 27, no. 1 (January 20, 2010): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659009352137.

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47

Kalaba, M., J. Kirsten, and T. Sacolo. "Non-Tariff Measures Affecting Agricultural Trade in SADC." Agrekon 55, no. 4 (October 2016): 377–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2016.1243059.

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48

Leroy, Antonia, Florence Galletti, and Christian Chaboud. "The EU restrictive trade measures against IUU fishing." Marine Policy 64 (February 2016): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.10.013.

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49

Forganni, Antonella, and Heidi Reed. "Circumvention of Trade Defence Measures and Business Ethics." Journal of Business Ethics 155, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3536-0.

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50

Subramanian, Arvind. "Trade Measures for Environment: A Nearly Empty Box?" World Economy 15, no. 1 (January 1992): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1992.tb00800.x.

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