Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade Measures

Academic literature on the topic 'Trade Measures'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade Measures"

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Bojnec, Štefan, and Imre Fertő. "Complementarities of trade advantage and trade competitiveness measures." Applied Economics 44, no. 4 (February 2012): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2010.508725.

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Magee, Christopher S. P. "New measures of trade creation and trade diversion." Journal of International Economics 75, no. 2 (July 2008): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.03.006.

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Avsar, Veysel, Gultekin Gollu, and Nurgul Sevinc. "Strict trade measures, flexible financing." Southern Economic Journal 88, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): 1431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12570.

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Yu, Eden S. H., and Chi‐Chur Chao. "On Investment Measures and Trade." World Economy 21, no. 4 (June 1998): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00147.

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Barardehi, Yashar H., Dan Bernhardt, and Ryan J. Davies. "Trade-Time Measures of Liquidity." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 126–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy012.

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Iwata, Nobuto. "World Trade Organization and the Recycling Trade: Trade Measures for Global Environmental Preservation." Japanese Economy 33, no. 4 (December 2006): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/jes1097-203x330403.

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Zagel, Gudrun. "The WTO and Trade-Related Human Rights Measures: Trade Sanctions vs. Trade Incentives**." Austrian Review of International and European Law Online 9, no. 1 (2006): 119–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157365104x00044.

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Nielsen, Laura, and S. Charnovitz. "Trade & climate change: Limits for consumption based trade measures?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 50 (February 1, 2009): 502007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/50/502007.

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Sankar, U. "Trade Measures in Climate Change Policies." Indian Economic Journal 57, no. 3 (October 2009): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220090308.

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Ranné, Omar. "More leeway for unilateral trade measures?" Intereconomics 34, no. 2 (March 1999): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02927838.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade Measures"

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Huang, Yangyang. "Trade remedy measures in the WTO and regional trade agreements." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7784.

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Trade remedy measures (TRMs) in international economic law refer to antidumping measures, countervailing duties and safeguard measures. They are designed to respond to unfair trade practices or to compensate the negative impact on domestic industries resulting from tariff concessions made under the trade liberalization arrangements. Due to the importance of these instruments, the rules on TRMs are strengthened in the WTO legal framework and established on non-discriminatory basis towards all WTO Members. However, with the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTA) in recent decades, it was noticed that, most RTAs adopted innovative approaches on TRMs among their regional partners. Such incoherence has brought a series of trade disputes and arguments concerning the conflicts between the WTO and RTA. Current central issues in this area are whether those innovative TRMs are consistent with WTO law and what is the appropriate approach to examine the legality of those measures. Against the canvas of WTO trade remedy rules, this research first investigates the diversified trade remedy approaches in RTAs and their impact on international trade. It then clarifies the ambiguous legal criteria against which TRMs in RTAs should be judged in order to be WTO-consistent. Thereafter, a methodology through which a RTA-specific TRM could be tested against the WTO’s criteria is also developed. It is argued that facilitating TRMs in RTAs must always adhere to the criteria laid down by the WTO, e.g. GATT Article XXIV. In particular, a “necessity test” should be applied when examining the legality of a special TRM in RTAs, in the case where a dispute arises between the RTA members and third countries on the issue. In order to bring the RTA-specific TRMs into compliance with WTO law, this research also looks at the WTO surveillance mechanism on RTAs. Considering a number of difficulties that have arisen in the GATT/WTO’s surveillance of RTAs in the past, the thesis addresses what positive measures can be taken in the future and whether TRMs in RTAs should be scrutinized by WTO political organs or through the dispute settlement mechanism.
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Salembier, Gerry (Gerald Edward) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Safeguard measures and the international trade system." Ottawa, 1989.

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Pearson, Lee Michael. "Analysis of risk mitigation measures in agricultural trade." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34345.

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International trade has brought tremendous choice to consumers and expanded markets for producers. Cross-border exchange also brings import risks such as food contaminants and invasive species. Balancing legitimate concerns to protect health and the environment with avoiding protectionist use of risk-based measures is highly important to the integrity of the multilateral trading system. This research studies three aspects of the relation between domestic regulations and international trade. Firstly, this thesis provides evidence addressing an ongoing international policy debate. This thesis is the first to show that the 8,487 new risk-based regulations under the Sanitary Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement and 4,745 regulations under Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement notified from 1996-2010 are driven in part by loss of tariff protection and country-level environmental governance factors. Declining tariffs, however, do not make the implementation of 'suspect' SPS (i.e. measures later subject to a trade concern) more likely. This suggests policymakers may be systematically choosing to work on products that have lost tariff protection, but not systemically putting in illegitimate, non-tariff barriers to compensate. Secondly, this thesis investigates the patterns of Specific Trade Concerns (STCs) raised against 292 suspect SPS policies and 282 suspect TBT policies by members of the WTO from 1996-2010. It was found that developing countries struggle to resolve concerns they raise against developed economies. From work on 79 plant health concerns, it was clear that countries raise STCs using science-based and economics-based arguments of illegitimacy. Lastly, SPS measures are implemented to reduce risks transmitted via trade, but the effectiveness of risk reduction depends as well on actions of supply chain actors before export. A case study on coffee pests and diseases from a survey of 119 growers and 89 traders in Uganda is presented to scrutinize the decision-making process of growers in a high pest/disease prevalence environment.
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Herghelegiu, Cristina. "Essays on international trade and non-tariff measures." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E021.

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Cette thèse analyse les mesures non-tarifaires et les barrières au commerce et leurs liens avec les échanges internationaux. Dans le chapitre 1, j’étudie les objectifs derrière l’implémentation des mesures non-tarifaires sur différents produits dans plusieurs pays en développement. Au-delà des objectifs légitimes, plusieurs mesures répondent à des objectifs économiques et politiques. Le chapitre 2 propose une analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des normes de qualité sur les entreprises hétérogènes et la qualité moyenne des produits exportés. Conjointement avec Anne-Célia Disdier et Carl Gaigné, nous montrons que, dans un contexte d’asymétrie d’information, l’adoption des normes engendre la sortie des entreprises de très basse qualité (quelle que soit leur productivité) et des entreprises de haute qualité et à basse productivité. Alors que la qualité moyenne des produits n’est pas affectée de manière significative, l’impact varie largement à travers les secteurs. Le chapitre 3, une collaboration avec Evgenii Monastyrenko, analyse comment les exportateurs russes et leurs clients internationaux se partagent les risques et les coûts pendant le processus d’expédition, compte tenu de leur exposition à de nombreux obstacles. Ainsi, les grands importateurs en termes de taille et nombre de partenaires assument davantage de risques et de coûts. La probabilité que les importateurs subissent davantage de responsabilités est également plus élevée dans les transactions de biens intermédiaires. Enfin, les importateurs localisés dans un pays avec un environnement propice aux affaires sont moins susceptibles d’assumer des risques et des coûts
This thesis tackles non-tariff measures and other trade-related barriers and their links to inter-national trade. In Chapter 1, I study the motivations behind the implementation of non-tariff measures on specific products in several developing countries. Beyond legitimate reasons, several measures appear to respond to economic and political motivations. Chapter 2 provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of standard-like non-tariff measures on heterogeneous firms and the average quality of exported products. In this joint work with Anne-Célia Disdier and Carl Gaigné, we show that, under information asymmetry, the enforcement of standards induces the exit of very low-quality firms (regardless of their productivity), but also of high-quality low-productivity firms. While the overall average quality of exported products is not significantly affected, the impact varies significantly across sectors. Chapter 3, co-authored with Evgenii Monastyrenko, analyzes how Russian sellers and their international customers divide risks and costs throughout the shipping process, given their exposure to numerous barriers. Thus, big buyers in terms of size and number of connections appear to bear more risks and costs in international trade transactions. The probability that buyers take on more responsibilities is also higher for transactions of intermediate goods. Finally, when buyers are located in countries with a good business environment, they are less likely to take on responsibilities
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Wei, De Cai. "Trade related environmental measures of European Union : a new kind of trade barriers?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637069.

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Nakakeeto, Gertrude. "The Impact of Technical Measures on Agricultural Trade: A Case of Uganda, Senegal, and Mali."Improving Food Security through Agricultural Trade"." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34887.

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This thesis estimates the impact of non-tariff measures (NTMs) notified by the importing countries on agricultural trade. The non-tariff measures constitute the technical measures notified under the SPS and TBT agreements and the non-technical measures to trade. Two approaches are used; the inventory approach and the econometric approach which makes use of the gravity model. The inventory results suggest that African countries face more restrictions on their exports than what they impose on their imports. Also, Uganda, Senegal and Mali are among the top twenty most affected importers. The empirical results suggest that the impact of the overall group on non-tariff measures is ambiguous but when measures are disaggregated into technical and non-technical measures, the results show that the technical measures promote agricultural trade and that the non-technical measures restrict trade. Also, imports of industrialized nations from fellow industrialized nations are promoted by the technical measures but are restricted by non-technical measures, while those from non-industrialized countries are affected negatively by both technical and non-technical measures. Out of the five regions considered, Africa faces the largest negative impact by both technical and non-technical measures.
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AGUIAR, ALEXANDRE STREET DE. "CERTAINTY EQUIVALENT AND RISK MEASURES IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRADE DECISIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11477@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Em problemas de decisão sob incerteza que dependam da preferência entre fluxos multi-período, como é o caso dos problemas de comercialização de contratos de energia elétrica no Brasil, o agente deve saber expressar sua preferência por diferentes distribuições em cada período e, além disso, deve também especificar uma preferência entre períodos. Classicamente a abordagem utilizada é definir um funcional de preferência de von Neumann e Morgenstern separável entre os períodos, composto pela soma da esperança de utilidades que modelam a preferência em cada período. Então, para expressar a preferência entre períodos, esta soma é ponderada por um fator de desconto que visa expressar a impaciência do agente no consumo entre os períodos. Nesta abordagem, a especificação do fator de desconto torna-se uma tarefa bastante subjetiva, uma vez que estamos ponderando utilidades esperadas e não valores monetários. Devido a essa subjetividade e da dificuldade de se especificar a própria função utilidade de cada período, os grupos de finanças divergiram para uma abordagem mais pragmática, baseada na análise e controle dos riscos assumidos em suas decisões. Neste sentido, a empresa que busca maximizar a expectativa de lucro, especifica em valores monetários, um conjunto de restrições sobre as perdas que esta está disposta a incorrer, baseando-se para isso em suas probabilidades de ocorrência. Assim, durante as ultimas quatro décadas, muitas pesquisas e desenvolvimentos foram realizados nesta área, no sentido de se estabelecer medidas de risco que proporcionassem propriedades desejáveis para essa classe de problemas. Desta forma, criou-se um gap entre as duas abordagens, financeira e econômica, as quais possuem raízes em comum: modelar o comportamento de agentes frente ao risco. Assim sendo, esta tese tem três objetivos: (i) propor uma abordagem alternativa para o uso de funções utilidades em problemas de comercialização de energia elétrica multi-período, baseada no valor presente dos equivalentes certos de cada período; (ii) mostrar como tal abordagem pode ser modelada matematicamente e formulada através de um problema de programação linear inteira mista (PLIM) ao considerarmos uma função utilidade linear por partes, e (iii) mostrar a conexão entre a teoria de utilidade e problemas de maximização da renda esperada sujeito a restrições de risco do tipo alfa-CVaR.
In decision under uncertainty problems that depend on multi- period preferences, as the case of trading electricity contracts in Brazil, agents should expresses their inter and intratemporal preferences. The classical economical approach is to define a time separable von Neumann and Morgenstern utility functional. This functional is composed by the sum of the expected utility of each period times an impatience factor that should express the agent`s intertemporal preference. This approach demands the specification of a subjective impatience factor, which should weight utilities units. Due to this subjectiveness and its estimation difficulties, the applied financial groups started to develop more pragmatic approaches based on risk control. In this sense, companies that maximize expected profit will impose constraints on acceptable losses using estimated occurrence probabilities of different outcomes. In this sense, the economical and applied financial approaches have been diverging in the last four decades and, during this time, many studies and developments have been done in the risk metrics field to generate and prove stability and coherence properties for the proposed metrics. This thesis has three main objectives: (i) propose an alternative approach for multi-period decisions problems based on the present value of the certainty equivalent of each period; (ii) show how this approach can be modeled as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP) when adopting a piecewise linear utility function; and (iii) provide connections between utility theory and expected maximization problems constrained to alpha-CVaR risk metrics.
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Wang'ombe, Wangari. "An empirical investigation of measures to enhance intra-Africa trade." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12448.

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Trade is largely considered a driving force of economic growth and development of nations. To this end, there is vast and far-reaching research on the subject, especially on matters international. However, research on intra-African trade is lacking in comparison to research on trade amongst the rest of the world, not just developed, but also developing countries alike. That aside there are numerous efforts put in place to enhance and encourage trade within and without the continent. The research presented in this thesis aims to investigate and address three key issues specific to intra-Africa trade. The questions asked are: are the measures currently in place successful in the promotion of intra-Africa trade; is the continent ready for measures about to be implemented and after all that, is trade really the key driving force for economic growth and development within Africa? To answer these questions, the research presented here in this thesis employs the gravity modelling approach, the G-PPP test and develops a macro-economic model which is applied to the Kenyan economy. The results indicate that; yes, trade is significant and important in determining economic growth, and while measures taken thus far such as the creation of Economic Integrations have not been as successful as was envisioned, trade openness continues to be among the most important ways in which trade is encouraged and enhanced, to this end, although the continent is yet to fulfil all the requirements for the formation of a full-blown Economic Union, it is ready for drastic measures such as the formation of a currency union. Literature reveals that this could form the basis of hastening complete integration and harmonization of all systems of the participating economies, thereby benefiting not just trade but also all other sectors of the economies.
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Zhang, Jian. "The impact of trade related investment measures in developing countries." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765888031&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209144977&clientId=23440.

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Kalaba, Mmatlou W. "The impact of non-tariff measures on SADC agricultural trade." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43366.

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Fifteen countries which are members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have embarked on a regional integration initiative. In 1996, a trade protocol that aimed to increase trade among members by removing trade barriers was signed. In the year 2000, this protocol was implemented, leading to a Free Trade Area (FTA) in 2008. More than 85 % of SADC trade was free of customs duties from 2008 onwards. However, while custom tariffs were reduced, the share of SADC trade did not show any improvement over the tenyear period after implementing the trade protocol. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to examine the factors which contributed to lack of improvement in SADC trade, particularly the role of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs). One of the main challenges in analysing NTMs in SADC is the unavailability of relevant information. An SADC NTM database was built as a repository of official NTMs. In order to quantify NTMs, a database was classified, similarly to the international database. Agricultural products at HS 4-digit level for ten SADC countries were included in this repository, and groupedinto six main categories; namely animal products, cereals, horticultural products, oilseeds, industrial and processed products. The trade data challenges within SADC countries inadvertently prescribed the econometric methods to apply for the set objectives of the study. The two main challenges of SADC trade data are missing data for some years and high percentage of zero trade flows. A latent threshold gravity model was employed with hierarchical specification to control for country effects. The hierarchical model captures individual country effects, such as the impact of NTMs on trade volumes, and thus intra-SADC trade. Such impact was then assessed when an additional NTM is introduced or increases trade volumes. The two effect models were examining the attributes of changes in regional trade, as well as those attributes of change in NTMs. The effects NTMs were incorporated into the model by weighting the number of NTMs by share of trade in the region, as well as ranks of country NTMs within product groups. Types of NTMs which were estimated are Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary measures (SPS), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and an aggregation of all other NTMs which do not belong to the two groups. Results show that there is evidence NTMs were increasing at the same period when tariffs were being reduced. Using the inventory methods of evaluating presence and prevalence of NTMs, it was also evident that NTMs are used across most agricultural products. The percentage of products affected by NTMs in 2010 was much higher than in 2000. The econometric model results show that all gravity model variables, GDP, border and language were consistent with the theoretical expectations.Distance does nothave significant influence on SADC trade. The reason for this has to do with the trading pattern of SADC countries, which is very high between contiguous members, compared to non-contiguous members. The estimation of zero observed trade, using a threshold model, provided additional understanding of the role and reasons for such trade. The estimated effects of the observed zero trade showed that if this threshold is high, implying that trade costs (NTMs) are restricting trade, then zero trade was observed. When high percentage of zero trade is observed, then intra-SADC trade remains small or declines. However, if the threshold is low, intra-SADC trade increases, as was observed in the case of industrial products. The overall results confirm that NTMs do have an impact on intra-SADC trade. Industrial and cereal products are more responsive to NTMs than the other five product groups. A unit change in NTMs by regional trade members has more effects on intra- regional trade than a unit change in trade value. That is the case because the SADC is already exchanging a large share of its total trade with non-SADC members. Therefore, attention should be given to addressing the way NTMs are introduced. One of the important findings from the study is that the intra-SADC trade is affected more by the effect of an additional NTM, than an additional unit of trade in value. The effect of addressing NTMs is one and half more than those of additional trade value. So, in order to improve intra-SADC trade performance, focus must on addressing the NTMs and growing trade. In addressing NTMs, it does not necessarily require removing or even reducing them. It is about making it easy to comply with them. SADC trade can be improved substantially by aiming to harmonise NTMs and overall policies.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
PhD
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Books on the topic "Trade Measures"

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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development., ed. Investment-related trade measures. New York: United Nations, 1999.

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Regulatory measures and foreign trade. Huntington, N.Y: Juris, 2013.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Trade measures in multilateral environmental agreements. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999.

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Fried, George R. Climate change measures and trade considerations. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Magalhães, Furlan Fernando de, ed. Brazil in world trade: Contingent protection measures. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2012.

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Pierre, Antoine St. Impact of environmental measures on international trade. Ottawa, Ont: Conference Board of Canada, 1991.

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Canada. Status of Women Canada. Policy Research., ed. Retaining employment equity measures in trade agreements. [Ottawa]: Status of Women Canada, 2005.

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Bacchetta, Marc, and Michele Ruta. The WTO, subsidies and countervailing measures. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub., 2011.

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Safeguard measures in world trade: The legal analysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Lee, Yong-Shik. Safeguard measures in world trade: The legal analysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade Measures"

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Crabbe, Matthew. "Trade Measures." In Myth-Busting China’s Numbers, 138–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353207_9.

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Regulation on Trade Measures." In World Trade Regulation, 115–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_4.

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McDonald, Brian. "Trade-Related Investment Measures." In The World Trading System, 180–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379701_20.

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Regulation on Non-tariff Measures." In World Trade Regulation, 51–113. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_3.

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Yamazawa, Ippei, Kinya Onoda, and Hivohisha Kohama. "Trade Measures affecting Developing Countries." In Trade Policies towards Developing Countries, 69–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22982-6_5.

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Mathis, James H. "Regional Safeguards and Restrictive Measures." In Regional Trade Agreements in the GATT / WTO, 171–90. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-573-5_10.

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Jelisavac Trošić, Sanja. "The World Trade Organization and COVID-19-Related Trade Measures." In International Organizations and States’ Response to COVID-19, 127–44. Belgrade: Institute of International Politics ; Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iipe_response2covid19.2021.ch7.

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Onoda, Kinya. "General Measures toward Import Promotion in Japan." In Trade Policies towards Developing Countries, 29–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22982-6_3.

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Singh, Gurwinder. "Remedies: The Procedural Measures." In Subsidies in the Context of the WTO's Free Trade System, 299–323. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62422-8_7.

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Maggio, Amber Rose. "Trade-Restrictive Environmental Measures and the GATT." In Environmental Policy, Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods and the Law of the World Trade Organization, 87–124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61155-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade Measures"

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Yaxing Wang, Yuexin Zhuang, Lei Zhang, and Ying Wu. "The organization effects of technical trade measures." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csss.2011.5974903.

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Tudela Marco, Lorena, José María García Álvarez-Coque, and Maria Luisa Marti Selva. "Determinants of Non-Tariff Measures in Agricultural Trade." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1294.

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Hong-Jing, Zhang, and Zong Jin-Bao. "The Problem of Financial Management and Improvement Measures in the Countryside." In 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emtc-14.2014.76.

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Munadi, Ernawati, and Ayu Sinta Saputri. "Exploring Non-Tariff Measures Facing the Indonesian Agricultural Products in FTA/CEPA Trading Partners." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.17.

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Wang, Yujing. "Effect of Environmental Management Measures on International Trade and Innovation." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5577552.

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Jiang, Yanyan. "Effects of SA8000 on China's foreign trade and encounter measures." In International conference on Management Innovation and Information Technology. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/miit131302.

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Elahi, Golnaz, and Eric Yu. "Requirements trade-offs analysis in the absence of quantitative measures." In the 2011 ACM Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1982185.1982331.

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Ahamat, Haniff, and Milyan Al Anshori. "Restrictive Measures on Rice Trade in ASEAN: Problems and Solutions." In The First International Conference On Islamic Development Studies 2019, ICIDS 2019, 10 September 2019, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-9-2019.2289452.

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Yaxing, Wang, Zhuang Yuexin, Zhang Lei, and Wu Ying. "Notice of Retraction: The technical effects of technical measures on trade." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5887236.

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Mojsovska, Silvana, and Predrag Bjelic. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES IN CEFTA 2006: PERSPECTIVES OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND SERBIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0019.

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This article addresses non-tariff measures applied in CEFTA 2006, analysed specifically from the perspective of two Parties – North Macedonia and Serbia. It provides insight into the business community’s views in each country with regard to the non-tariff measures noted in their trade within CEFTA, as well as comparison of the Macedonian and Serbian case of imposing, addressing and overcoming the non-tariff measures. The article derives on the findings of the empirical research conducted in parallel in both countries in June-August 2021 within the framework of the EU Funded GIZ Project: Support to the Regional Economic Integration. It also reflects relevant legislation, such as CEFTA 2006 Protocols. In terms of content, the article includes overview of the trade within CEFTA 2006 and focuses on the non-tariff measures relevant to North Macedonia and Serbia, in particular - sanitary and phytosanitary measures; technical barriers to trade; price control measures and trade facilitation measures, such as formalities connected with import, export and transit, along with the procedures of release and clearance of the goods. The analysis of the empirical information indicates that sanitary and phytosanitary measures and trade facilitation have been reported as most common problems by both parties, despite the CEFTA Protocols regulating some of the issues. The article’s conclusions mirror the findings of the research and provide recommendations about possibilities for overcoming the non-tariff measures in CEFTA 2006.
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Reports on the topic "Trade Measures"

1

Roheim, Cathy, and Jon G. Sutinen. Trade and Marketplace Measures to Promote Sustainable Fishing Practices. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20060501.

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Blonigen, Bruce, and Wesley Wilson. New Measures of Port Efficiency Using International Trade Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12052.

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Disdier, Anne-Célia, Belay Fekadu, Carlos Murillo, and Sara A. Wong. Trade Effects of SPS and TBT Measures on Tropical and Diversification Products. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20080501a.

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Lipsey, Robert, Linda Molinari, and Irving Kravis. Measures of Prices and Price Competitiveness in International Trade in Manufactured Goods. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3442.

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Agarwal, Nikhil, Andrew Komo, Chetan Patel, Parag Pathak, and M. Utku Ünver. The Trade-off Between Prioritization and Vaccination Speed Depends on Mitigation Measures. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28519.

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Trachtenberg, Danielle. The Impact of Policy Measures on Trade in Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003355.

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This paper uses data on policy measures affecting services operation and trade to document and estimate the impact of different types of policy measures on services exports and imports, with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. It finds that market-entry measures are important to both total services exports and imports in the region and bilateral trade flows with the United States, while measures relating to the operation of service providers are important for bilateral trade flows with the United States.
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Das, Sanchita Basu, and Rahul Sen. Trade Interdependencies in COVID-19-Related Essential Medical Goods: Role of Trade Facilitation and Cooperation for the Asian Economies. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220292-2.

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This paper analyzes how regional trade agreements (RTAs) among Asian economies affected the supply of essential medical goods in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. International trade is an integral part of accessing essential medical goods for Asian economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the analysis finds that their nature of trade dependence varies. Furthermore, economies that are party to RTAs containing trade facilitation measures can mitigate the adverse impact on trade in essential medical goods. This emphasizes the role of governments in preparing Asian economies to be more resilient to future shocks through participation in RTAs and implementation of trade facilitation measures.
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Lucas, Brian. Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Carbon Emissions. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.039.

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There is very little evidence that trade facilitation measures have a significant impact on carbon emissions, except in the case of trucks at land border crossings, where there is good evidence that trade facilitation can lead to significant reductions in emissions. There is good evidence that trade facilitation measures at land border crossings can reduce traffic congestion and waiting times for trucks, but only limited evidence of the impact of these improvements on carbon emissions. Computer models of inspection stations at the USA-Mexico border suggest that improving the efficiency of land border crossings through the driver, vehicle, and cargo pre-registration, automating inspection and administrative processes, and carrying out joint customs inspections could potentially reduce CO2 emissions from trucks by up to 86% in some cases. There appears to be no evidence available about whether trade facilitation efforts at seaports have an impact on carbon emissions; this issue appears to not have been studied by any ports, international agencies, or researchers. Some seaports have produced estimates of their carbon footprints, but none appear to have considered customs inspection or other activities related to trade facilitation as a distinct activity. Very few studies address the impacts of trade facilitation on carbon emissions across global value chains. Two studies that have done so suggest that trade facilitation measures could lead to small increases in CO2 emissions, ranging from less than 0.1% to 2.23%. Studies examining the more general relationship between increasing trade and carbon emissions, without specifically focusing on trade facilitation measures, have found mixed results including positive, negative, and inverse U-shaped relationships in different countries and groups of countries; several of these studies suggest that a country’s level of economic development and quality of political institutions influence the relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions.
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Carballo, Jerónimo, Alejandro Graziano, Georg Schaur, and Christian Volpe Martincus. Import Processing and Trade Costs. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004752.

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We estimate import processing costs based on the time it takes to import. Our theory extends existing time-cost measures to account for uncertainty in import processing. We use detailed, highly disaggregated data on import processing dates and import values to provide evidence for our theory and estimate processing costs consistent with the theory. The evidence shows that our extensions to time-cost estimates are economically relevant to determine processing costs. We estimate that the tariff equivalent import processing costs is as high as 18 percent. WTO estimates suggest that the full implementation of the 2013 Trade Facilitation Agreement would reduce the time to trade by 1.5 days. In that case, processing costs would decrease to 13 percent.
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Das, Sanchita Basu, and Soumya Chattopadhyay. Identifying Challenges and Improving Trade Facilitation in the States of Northeast India. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220610-2.

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This working paper identifies challenges hindering international trade with northeast India and proposes measures for improving trade with other countries in South and Southeast Asia. The paper focuses on 19 border points in northeast India and identifies challenges that include infrastructure bottlenecks, limited capacity to comply with trade procedures, and lack of coordinated trade and transport policies across borders. It suggests ways of developing the area’s participation in regional value chains in South and Southeast Asia.
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