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Journal articles on the topic 'Trade diversion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Haveman, Jon, and David Hummels. "Trade Creation and Trade Diversion." Journal of Transnational Management Development 3, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j130v03n02_03.

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2

Baumann, Renato. "Integration and trade diversion." CEPAL Review 1993, no. 51 (December 31, 1993): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a32d30a9-en.

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3

Becker, Kip, and Marlene De La Cruz Suarez. "Trade Creation and Trade Diversion for Mercosur." Journal of Euromarketing 10, no. 2 (October 16, 2001): 67–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j037v10n02_04.

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4

ABDEL-LATIF, ABLA M., and JEFFREY B. NUGENT. "COUNTERTRADE AS TRADE CREATION AND TRADE DIVERSION." Contemporary Economic Policy 12, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1994.tb00407.x.

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5

Freckleton, Marie, and Patrice Whitely. "Can trade agreements among small countries create trade?" International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2019-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a regional trade agreement among a group of small island developing states on trade creation and trade diversion. Design/methodology/approach An augmented gravity model and panel data are used to estimate the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The generalized method of moments technique is used to account for possible endogeneity. Country pair and time fixed effects are also included. Findings The regional trade agreement had a positive effect on intra-regional trade creation, but there was no significant diversion of imports from extra-regional trade partners. Practical implications Small developing economies can benefit from regional trade agreements (RTAs) among themselves. The trade diversion effects of such agreements are likely to be limited. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the only paper which investigates the impact of RTAs among small island developing states.
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6

Cheong, Juyoung, Do Won Kwak, and Kam Ki Tang. "Can Trade Agreements Curtail Trade Creation and Prevent Trade Diversion?" Review of International Economics 23, no. 2 (November 27, 2014): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roie.12162.

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7

Ramasamy, Bala. "Trade Diversion in an ASEAN Free Trade Area." Asean Economic Bulletin 12, no. 1 (July 1995): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae12-1b.

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8

Chandra, Piyush. "Trade Destruction and Trade Diversion: Evidence from China." China & World Economy 25, no. 3 (May 2017): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12199.

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9

Patterson, Seymour. "Trade creation and trade diversion and transport costs." Atlantic Economic Journal 13, no. 4 (December 1985): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02304034.

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10

Parai, Amar K. "Trade creation, trade diversion and elastic labor supply." Mathematical Social Sciences 16, no. 2 (October 1988): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(88)90049-2.

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11

Magee, Christopher S. P. "New measures of trade creation and trade diversion." Journal of International Economics 75, no. 2 (July 2008): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.03.006.

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12

Arndt, Sven W. "Trade Diversion and Production Sharing." Journal of Economic Asymmetries 1, no. 1 (May 2004): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2004.01.003.

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13

Richardson, Martin. "Endogenous protection and trade diversion." Journal of International Economics 34, no. 3-4 (May 1993): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(93)90052-y.

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14

Koo, Won W., P. Lynn Kennedy, and Anatoliy Skripnitchenko. "Regional Preferential Trade Agreements: Trade Creation and Diversion Effects*." Review of Agricultural Economics 28, no. 3 (September 2006): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00306.x.

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15

Esposito, Piero. "Trade creation, trade diversion and imbalances in the EMU." Economic Modelling 60 (January 2017): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.09.014.

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16

Dai, Mian, Yoto V. Yotov, and Thomas Zylkin. "On the trade-diversion effects of free trade agreements." Economics Letters 122, no. 2 (February 2014): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.12.024.

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17

Sun, Lin, and Michael R. Reed. "Impacts of Free Trade Agreements on Agricultural Trade Creation and Trade Diversion." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92, no. 5 (October 2010): 1351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaq076.

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18

Khurana, Richa, and D. K. Nauriyal. "ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement: Evaluating Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects." Journal of East-West Business 23, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2017.1322548.

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19

HAMILTON, CARL. "Voluntary Export Restraints and Trade Diversion." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 23, no. 4 (June 1985): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1985.tb00076.x.

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20

Magee, Christopher S. P. "The Increasing Irrelevance of Trade Diversion." Kyklos 70, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 278–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12138.

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21

Baylis, Kathy, and Jeffrey M. Perloff. "Trade diversion from tomato suspension agreements." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01566.x.

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22

Tolonen, Yrj�n�. "Trade diversion in a currency union." Open Economies Review 5, no. 1 (1994): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01000742.

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23

Colin Koh-King Wong, Venus Khim-Sen Liew, and Mohammad Affendy Arip. "The Impact Of ASEAN Free Trade Area On Intra-Asean Manufacturing Trade." International Journal of Business and Society 18, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3155.2017.

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This study investigates the effects of ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement on the bilateral manufacturing trade between the 10 member countries of ASEAN and 39 of their trading partners. The period ofstudy covers 1995 to 2014. Results obtained from panel data analysis of the gravity model with random effectsshow that the economic sizes, populations, relative endowments, common language and geographical factors like distance, island, landlocked and neighbour are significant determinants of the bilateral manufacturing trade for ASEAN member countries. Moreover, results obtained from the fixed effects model in this study suggests that AFTA has generatedpure trade creation effects in terms of exports. Ontop of that, AFTA has resulted in larger magnitude of trade creation effects in imports than import diversion effects. Overall, AFTA promotes trades among ASEAN member countries through the elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers, for bringing aboutpure trade creation effects in terms of exports as well as imports and also trade diversion effects in terms of imports. In sum, this study with more recent data set covering more ASEAN trading partners shows empirical evidence to justify the success of AFTA arrangement.
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24

Ritaningsih, Tresna, Dedi Budiman Hakim, and Sahara Sahara. "TRADE CREATION DAN TRADE DIVERSION ANTARA INDONESIA DAN NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN-KOREA." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 3, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.3.1.64-81.

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Indonesia has several free trade agreements with trading partners that aimed to eliminate tariff and non tariff trade barriers. One of the free trade agreements is ASEAN-Korea FTA. Trade agreement in goods in ASEAN-Korea FTA was agreed since 2007 and now it is entering the implementation phase. The objective of this research is to determine whether the ASEAN-Korea FTA would increase the trade flows between Indonesia and ASEAN-Korea’ countries by analyzing the impact of regional integration on trade creation and trade diversion. This research is utilized balance panel data including 13 countries from 1998-2012. The empirical result shows that all Indonesia's trading sectors experienced decline because of trade diversion and trade creation does not occur. Indonesia's import trading with the non-member countries of ASEAN-Korea is 68% lower than the existing trading. Key word: trade creation, trade diversion, free trade agreement, trade in goods
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25

Ritaningsih, Tresna, Dedi Budiman Hakim, and Sahara Sahara. "TRADE CREATION DAN TRADE DIVERSION ANTARA INDONESIA DAN NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN-KOREA." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 3, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.3.1.2014.64-81.

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Indonesia has several free trade agreements with trading partners that aimed to eliminate tariff and non tariff trade barriers. One of the free trade agreements is ASEAN-Korea FTA. Trade agreement in goods in ASEAN-Korea FTA was agreed since 2007 and now it is entering the implementation phase. The objective of this research is to determine whether the ASEAN-Korea FTA would increase the trade flows between Indonesia and ASEAN-Korea’ countries by analyzing the impact of regional integration on trade creation and trade diversion. This research is utilized balance panel data including 13 countries from 1998-2012. The empirical result shows that all Indonesia's trading sectors experienced decline because of trade diversion and trade creation does not occur. Indonesia's import trading with the non-member countries of ASEAN-Korea is 68% lower than the existing trading. Key word: trade creation, trade diversion, free trade agreement, trade in goods
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26

Karemera, David, Viceola D. Sykes, and Lucy J. Reuben. "Trade Creation, Trade Diversion effects of NAFTA on vegetable and fruit trade flows." World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 3, no. 2 (2007): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wremsd.2007.013608.

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27

Deme, Mamit, and Estrella R. Ndrianasy. "Trade-creation and trade-diversion effects of regional trade arrangements: low-income countries." Applied Economics 49, no. 22 (October 31, 2016): 2188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1234700.

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28

Clausing, Kimberly A. "Trade creation and trade diversion in the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique 34, no. 3 (August 2001): 677–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00094.

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29

Darmanto, Erlambang Budi, Rossanto Dwi Handoyo, and Wisnu Wibowo. "THE IMPACT OF ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AREA (ACFTA) AGREEMENT ON INDONESIA’S MAJOR PLANTATION EXPORT COMMODITIES." Business: Theory and Practice 22, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2021.11012.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) on the 4 major exports of plantation commodities (including the commodities of coffee, cocoa, rubber, and palm oil) in Indonesia. The trade impact is measured based on the occurrence of trade creation or trade diversion. The negative coefficient as the result of dummy FTA (Free Trade Area) measurement indicates the presence of trade diversion. Meanwhile, the positive coefficient indicates the presence of trade creation. This study examines the export of major plantation commodities of Indonesia to China and compared with the 10 major export destination countries worldwide. The findings show that trade creation exists within the commodities of coffee, rubber, and palm oil while the trade diversion exists in the commodity of cocoa.
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30

Freund, Caroline L., and John McLaren. "On the Dynamics of Trade Diversion : Evidence from Four Trade Blocs." International Finance Discussion Paper 1999, no. 637 (June 1999): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.1999.637.

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31

Nugraha, Dwi Tjahya, Tony Irawan, and Dedi Budiman Hakim. "Trade Creation dan Trade Diversion Indonesia dengan AANZFTA pada Komoditas Garam." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 20, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v20i1.874.

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ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) is a free trade area formed in 2009. One of its implementations is the reduction of import duties on salt commodities in 2011. Its implementations has an impact on trade creation (TC) members and trade diversion (TD) on salt commodities product. The objective of this study is to analyze the occurrence TC and TD on salt commodity. Import demand elasticity and substitution elasticity approach for TC and TD estimation models was developed by the World Bank. The result is no all AANZFTA’s members get profit in the form of TC but just TD with dominated by Australia (99%) and other member (1%). --------------------------------------------- ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) adalah kawasan perdagangan bebas terbentuk pada tahun 2009. Awal pembentukannya adalah adanya penurunan tarif bea masuk komoditas garam. Kebijakan tersebut berdampak terhadap trade creation (TC) dan trade diversion (TD). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis terjadinya TC dan TD pada komoditas garam. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah elastisitas permintaan impor dan elastisitas substitusi untuk estimasi model TC dan TD yang dikembangkan oleh Bank Dunia. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah adanya keuntungan berupa TC dan TD yang didominasi oleh Australia (99%) dan anggota lainnya (1%).
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32

Carter, Colin A., and Caroline Gunning-Trant. "U.S. trade remedy law and agriculture: trade diversion and investigation effects." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01565.x.

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33

Lee, Honggue. "Do Preferential Rules of Origin Reverse Trade Creation and Trade Diversion?" International Economic Journal 30, no. 4 (August 11, 2016): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2016.1204344.

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34

Plusnin, Roman. "Effects of trade creation and trade diversion in the Finland’s import." Contemporary Europe 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope42018136145.

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35

Xiang, Hongjin, Zheng Zhan, and Mingyong Lai. "The trade destruction effect and trade diversion effect of RMB appreciation." Frontiers of Economics in China 6, no. 3 (August 19, 2011): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11459-011-0143-3.

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36

Borchert, Ingo. "Trade diversion under selective preferential market access." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 42, no. 4 (October 7, 2009): 1390–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01549.x.

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37

Nawaz Hakro, Ahmed, and Syed Hasanat Shah. "Economic Rationale, Trade Impact and Extent of Antidumping – A Case Study of Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2007.v12.i1.a4.

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This paper has analyzed the economic and political justification, trade impact and extent of antidumping measures initiated by Pakistan. Screening models for anti-predatory behaviour, Herfindahl-Hireshmann Index (HHI) for concentration and descriptive statistical measures are used to test the antidumping (AD) behaviour. The results are consistent with the earlier literature that AD duties have both a trade reduction and diversion effect. It is evident from the results in half of the cases studied that an economic rationale has been followed in the application of AD duties in Pakistan. Although the number of AD cases is limited, Pakistan has emerged as one of the intensive users of AD, relative to its total import share. It is also evident from the fact that intensive use of AD reduces trade and increases trade barriers, similarly, trade diversion reduces the chances of trade reduction. The key message emerging from this research is that trade diversion persists and in some cases trade diversion is substantial and it offsets the effect of AD measures on named countries to the benefit of non-named countries.
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38

Lambert, David, and Shahera McKoy. "Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of Preferential Trade Associations on Agricultural and Food Trade." Journal of Agricultural Economics 60, no. 1 (February 2009): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2008.00184.x.

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39

Datta, Anusua, and Mikhail Kouliavtsev. "NAFTA and the Realignment of Textile and Apparel Trade: Trade Creation or Trade Diversion?" Review of International Economics 17, no. 1 (February 2009): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2008.00783.x.

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40

Russ, Katheryn N., and Deborah L. Swenson. "Trade Diversion and Trade Deficits: The Case of the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 52 (June 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2019.02.001.

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41

Deng, Chuang. "Analysis of Trade Diversion Effect Under Sino-us Trade Friction - Taking Developing Countries and Developed Countries As Examples." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501031.

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Under the background of sino-us trade friction, what kind of trade diversion effect will china produce to the third country market. Based on the monthly import and export data of China and its 11 major trading partners from January 2014 to December 2019, this paper analyzes the trade diversion of sino-us trade frictions to China’s neighboring countries by using the double-difference and panel quantile methods, and through the selection of developing countries and developed countries as a control group for the spillover effects of trade transfer analysis. Empirical analysis: under the background of China’s trade frictions, China’s imports and exports to the United States have been significantly negatively affected, the trade conflict between China and the United States has a significant trade diversion effect on the third country, and the spillover effect on the developing country is larger and longer-term than that on the developed country.
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42

Jošić, Hrvoje, and Maja Bašić. "Trade creation and trade diversion effects from Croatia’s CEFTA and EU membership." Ekonomski pregled 72, no. 4 (2021): 489–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.72.4.1.

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This paper provides a detailed empirical study of trade creation and trade diversion effects arising from Croatia's two regional trade agreements, the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and the European Union (the EU). It offers a foundation for discussion about future trade policies in terms of benefits and drawbacks from those regional trade agreements. Croatia’s imports, exports and total trade flows with 180 trading partner countries were examined for the period of 2000 – 2016. Cross-country panel regression using gravity model of international trade assessed pooled OLS, fixed and random effects, as well as more robust Tobit and PPML estimator models. The random effects model found positive effects of Croatia-CEFTA integration evident in trade creation in imports, exports and total trade flows. Croatia-EU integration exhibits no significant effect of trade creation in neither imports, exports nor total trade flows. Nonetheless, there is a trade diversion effect in cases of imports and total trade flows. In the Tobit model CEFTA created trade in imports, exports and total trade flows, while the EU diverted trade in imports and total trade flows. Finally, the robust PPML estimator found that: (1) CEFTA membership created trade in imports, exports and total trade flows, and (2) the EU membership diverted trade in imports and exports, and created trade in total trade flows.
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43

Gaurav, Kumar, and Nalin Bharti. "Some Common Lessons from Uncommon FTAs." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 1 (March 2019): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418824479.

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The present study endeavours to observe the trade creation and trade diversion effects of three free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia, namely, India–Japan CEPA (IJCEPA), India–Sri Lanka FTA (ISFTA), and India–Bhutan FTA (IBFTA). The article aims to evaluate three uncommon FTAs that include developing–developed, developing–developing and developing–least developed countries. The objective is to evaluate the effects of these FTAs on exports and draw lessons for both the contracting parties and for other economies to commence FTAs that promote trade liberalization. This paper also aims to debunk the myth that FTAs between developing-least developed countries is not beneficial for the developing or least developed counterpart. The study applies augmented gravity model to capture the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The results confirm that ISFTA and IBFTA have trade creation effect, while in case of IJCEPA, there is trade diversion. These bilateral agreements can open the ways for multilateral trade liberalization in the long-run. JEL : F10, F13, F14
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44

Dewi, Siti khamila, Sahara, and Sri Mulatsih. "Dampak ACFTA (ASEAN-China Free Trade Area) Terhadap Trade Creation Dan Trade Diversion Indonesia Di Kawasan ACFTA+3." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 8, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.v8i1.29879.

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Indonesia terlibat aktif dalam jejaring kerjasama Free Trade Area (FTA), salah satunya dengan menjadi anggota pada ASEAN-China FTA atau dikenal juga dengan ACFTA. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi nilai impor Indonesia dan mengetahui dampak ACFTA terhadap trade creation dan trade diversion Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan model panel data dengan data sekunder selama periode tahun 2000 hingga 2018 yang dikumpulkan dari WITS, WORLD BANK, UNCTAD, dan CEPII. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa setelah ACFTA diberlakukan, nilai impor Indonesia dari negara-negara anggota ACFTA mengalami kenaikan. Nilai impor Indonesia secara signifikan dipengaruhi secara positif oleh GDP per kapita Indonesia, GDP per kapita mitra dagang (negara ACFTA+3), dan jarak ekonomi antar negara. Sementara nilai tukar riil antar negara berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai impor Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan Indonesia diduga mengalami kerugian dari adanya ACFTA akibat terjadinya trade diversion dari negara non-anggota ke negara-negara anggota di wilayah ACFTA +3.
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45

Dewi, Siti khamila, Sahara, and Sri Mulatsih. "Dampak ACFTA (ASEAN-China Free Trade Area) Terhadap Trade Creation Dan Trade Diversion Indonesia Di Kawasan ACFTA+3." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 8, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.8.1.2019.84-100.

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Indonesia terlibat aktif dalam jejaring kerjasama Free Trade Area (FTA), salah satunya dengan menjadi anggota pada ASEAN-China FTA atau dikenal juga dengan ACFTA. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi nilai impor Indonesia dan mengetahui dampak ACFTA terhadap trade creation dan trade diversion Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan model panel data dengan data sekunder selama periode tahun 2000 hingga 2018 yang dikumpulkan dari WITS, WORLD BANK, UNCTAD, dan CEPII. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa setelah ACFTA diberlakukan, nilai impor Indonesia dari negara-negara anggota ACFTA mengalami kenaikan. Nilai impor Indonesia secara signifikan dipengaruhi secara positif oleh GDP per kapita Indonesia, GDP per kapita mitra dagang (negara ACFTA+3), dan jarak ekonomi antar negara. Sementara nilai tukar riil antar negara berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai impor Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan Indonesia diduga mengalami kerugian dari adanya ACFTA akibat terjadinya trade diversion dari negara non-anggota ke negara-negara anggota di wilayah ACFTA +3.
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46

de Boyrie, Maria E., and Mordechai Kreinin. "Regional Integration in Latin America." Global Economy Journal 16, no. 2 (May 11, 2016): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2015-0066.

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This paper assesses the welfare effects of integration in Latin America. It estimates trade creation and diversion of: 1) integration of the four Mercosur countries (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay) and 2) amalgamation of Mercosur with the Andean group (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). The method used to proxy trade creation is the change in total imports of a country from before to after integration, while trade diversion is proxied by the change in the country’s external imports between the two periods. A “control country” approach is used to hold constant the effects on imports of factors other than integration, such as income and price changes. With some exceptions Latin American integration was found beneficial to welfare in that trade creation exceeded trade diversion.
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47

KAREMERA, DAVID, and WON W. KOO. "TRADE CREATION AND DIVERSION EFFECTS OF THE U.S.-CANADIAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT." Contemporary Economic Policy 12, no. 1 (January 1994): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1994.tb00408.x.

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48

Andrikopoulos, Andreas A., Dimitrios C. Gkountanis, and John Loizides. "Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the European Union: An Alternative Approach." Journal of Economic Asymmetries 3, no. 2 (December 2006): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2006.02.003.

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49

Missios, Paul, Kamal Saggi, and Halis Murat Yildiz. "External trade diversion, exclusion incentives and the nature of preferential trade agreements." Journal of International Economics 99 (March 2016): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.01.002.

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50

Nur Mahdi, Naufal, Suharno, and Rita Nurmalina. "TRADE CREATION DAN TRADE DIVERSION ATAS PEMBERLAKUAN ACFTA TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN HORTIKULTURA INDONESIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 15, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v15i1.489.

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Abstract:
Abstrak Dampak positif seharusnya diperoleh subsektor hortikultura Indonesia atas implementasi ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Namun demikian, subsektor hortikultura Indonesia belum memberikan kinerja yang berarti ketika impor produk hortikultura meningkat melalui tahapan penurunan tarif ACFTA dalam program The Early Harvest Program (EHP). Studi ini meneliti keragaan impor hortikultura Indonesia dengan menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Studi ini juga menganalisis daya saing produk hortikultura negara ASEAN-5 dengan China serta dampak kreasi perdagangan dan diversi perdagangan atas pemberlakuan ACFTA terhadap impor produk hortikultura Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RSCA (Revealed Symetric Comparative Advantage) dan metode ekonometrik melalui pendekatan model gravitasi dengan data panel dari tahun 2001-2018. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai RSCA, Indonesia tidak berdaya saing pada kedua jenis produk hortikultura tersebut. Model gravitasi juga menunjukkan bahwa negara anggota ACFTA mampu memanfaatkan perjanjian regional ini dengan ditandai tingginya nilai impor hortikultura Indonesia terutama dari China. Ini menandakan bahwa pelaksanaan ACFTA telah menciptakan efek penciptaan perdagangan dengan meningkatkan perdagangan intra-regional antara negara anggota ACFTA, namun tidak menyebabkan pengalihan perdagangan dengan negara non-anggota (perdagangan dengan negara non anggota tidak mengalami penurunan). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan langkah kebijakan peningkatan daya saing melalui perbaikan komponen manajerial dan teknologi seiring terbukanya pasar di kawasan ini bagi UMKM Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Data Panel, Daya Saing, Integrasi Ekonomi, Model Gravitasi, RSCA Abstract The positive impact of the implementation of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) on the indonesia’s horticulture sub-sector should be obtained. However, the Indonesian horticulture sub-sector has not shown significant performance when import of horticultural products has increased through the ACFTA tariff reduction stages in The Early Harvest Programm (EHP). This study examines the performance of Indonesian horticultural imports using descriptive analysis. It also analyzes the competitiveness of horticultural products of ASEAN-5 countries with China as well as the impact of trade creation and trade diversion of the implementation of ACFTA on imports of Indonesian horticultural products. It uses the RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) index and the gravity model using panel data from 2001-2018. It shows that Indonesia is not competitive in both types of horticultural products (RSCA <0). The gravity model also indicates that ACFTA member countries have taken advantage of this regional agreement, marked by the high value of Indonesian horticultural imports, especially from China. This shows that the implementation of the ACFTA has created a trade creation effect by increasing intra-regional trade between ACFTA member countries, but has not led to a diversion of trade with non-member countries (trade with non-member countries has not decreased). Therefore, it is necessary to make policy strategies to increase competitiveness through improvements in managerial and technological components in line with the opening of the market in this region to Indonesian MSMEs. Keywords: Competitiveness, Economic Integration, Gravity Model, Panel Data, RSCA JEL Classification: F15, F17, Q17
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