Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade creation effect

Academic literature on the topic 'Trade creation effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade creation effect"

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Freckleton, Marie, and Patrice Whitely. "Can trade agreements among small countries create trade?" International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2019-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a regional trade agreement among a group of small island developing states on trade creation and trade diversion. Design/methodology/approach An augmented gravity model and panel data are used to estimate the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The generalized method of moments technique is used to account for possible endogeneity. Country pair and time fixed effects are also included. Findings The regional trade agreement had a positive effect on intra-regional trade creation, but there was no significant diversion of imports from extra-regional trade partners. Practical implications Small developing economies can benefit from regional trade agreements (RTAs) among themselves. The trade diversion effects of such agreements are likely to be limited. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the only paper which investigates the impact of RTAs among small island developing states.
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Jošić, Hrvoje, and Maja Bašić. "Trade creation and trade diversion effects from Croatia’s CEFTA and EU membership." Ekonomski pregled 72, no. 4 (2021): 489–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.72.4.1.

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This paper provides a detailed empirical study of trade creation and trade diversion effects arising from Croatia's two regional trade agreements, the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and the European Union (the EU). It offers a foundation for discussion about future trade policies in terms of benefits and drawbacks from those regional trade agreements. Croatia’s imports, exports and total trade flows with 180 trading partner countries were examined for the period of 2000 – 2016. Cross-country panel regression using gravity model of international trade assessed pooled OLS, fixed and random effects, as well as more robust Tobit and PPML estimator models. The random effects model found positive effects of Croatia-CEFTA integration evident in trade creation in imports, exports and total trade flows. Croatia-EU integration exhibits no significant effect of trade creation in neither imports, exports nor total trade flows. Nonetheless, there is a trade diversion effect in cases of imports and total trade flows. In the Tobit model CEFTA created trade in imports, exports and total trade flows, while the EU diverted trade in imports and total trade flows. Finally, the robust PPML estimator found that: (1) CEFTA membership created trade in imports, exports and total trade flows, and (2) the EU membership diverted trade in imports and exports, and created trade in total trade flows.
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Lee, Jong Ha, and Jaeguk Song. "Technological Innovation and Job Creation Effect of Technology Trade." Journal of Korean Public Policy 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37103/kapp.19.4.4.

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Lee, Hyun-Hoon and Hur,Jung. "APEC’s Bogor Goals and Trade Creation Effect within APEC." KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU 20, no. 3 (September 2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17298/kky.2014.20.3.001.

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Taguchi, Hiroyuki, and Don Chalani Imasha Rubasinghe. "Trade Impacts of South Asian Free Trade Agreements in Sri Lanka." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418822203.

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This article aims to examine the trade effects of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) with a focus on Sri Lanka, by applying a gravity trade model. The study targets the following three FTAs: the SAFTA, the India–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA), and the Pakistan–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (PSFTA). The outcomes of the gravity trade model estimation suggested that the trade creation effects were identified in the ISFTA, while those were not verified in the SAFTA and that the PSFTA had the trade creation effects only on the Sri Lankan imports. Those results seem to reflect the differentials in the preferential tariff rates. In particular, ISFTA could have the predominant positive effects on Sri Lankan trade flows due to its lowest preferential tariff rates, and thus the SAFTA effect might be crowded out at the current stage of Sri Lankan trade. JEL: F13, F14, O53
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Gaurav, Kumar, and Nalin Bharti. "Some Common Lessons from Uncommon FTAs." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 1 (March 2019): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418824479.

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The present study endeavours to observe the trade creation and trade diversion effects of three free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia, namely, India–Japan CEPA (IJCEPA), India–Sri Lanka FTA (ISFTA), and India–Bhutan FTA (IBFTA). The article aims to evaluate three uncommon FTAs that include developing–developed, developing–developing and developing–least developed countries. The objective is to evaluate the effects of these FTAs on exports and draw lessons for both the contracting parties and for other economies to commence FTAs that promote trade liberalization. This paper also aims to debunk the myth that FTAs between developing-least developed countries is not beneficial for the developing or least developed counterpart. The study applies augmented gravity model to capture the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The results confirm that ISFTA and IBFTA have trade creation effect, while in case of IJCEPA, there is trade diversion. These bilateral agreements can open the ways for multilateral trade liberalization in the long-run. JEL : F10, F13, F14
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Jo, Seung-Gyu. "NON-UNIFORM STRATEGIC TRADE POLICY AND AGGREGATE PROFIT CREATION EFFECT." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 57, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 644–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2010.00534.x.

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Khan, Ashfaque H. "Employment Creation Effects of Pakistan's Exports." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4II (December 1, 1991): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4iipp.865-877.

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During the past two decades, an increasing number of developing countries have sought to pursue export -oriented trade and industrial policies as against the import -substitution strategy of industrialization.1 It has been argued that production for the world market not only restores the momentum of industrial growth but it leads to efficient resource allocation, greater capacity utilization, permits the exploitation of economies of scale, generates technological improvement in response to competition abroad and, most importantly, creates productive employment opportunities for a labour-surplus country [Balassa (1978), p. 180). This paper is not concerned with the merits or otherwise of export -oriented trade and industrialization policies rather we concentrate on the most important contribution of outward looking or export-oriented policy, i.e., its employment creation effects. It has been argued that an increased level of activity in the export sector gives rise to dynamic external economies of scale besides having its own direct effect. For example, an increase in exports creates jobs for workers directly engaged in the production of the export commodities. This being the direct effect, an increase in exports also creates employment via the linkage effect, multiplier effect and foreign exchange effect.2 A large number of studies over the last two decades have attempted to measure the direct and indirect contributions of exports in employment creation in developing countries.3 Almost all studies have used static input-output analysis to quantify the contribution of exports in employment generation.
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Jungu Kang, Seung-jin Shim, and 김태진. "Trade Creation and Diversion Effect of Korea-China FTA on Service Trade in Value Added." KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU 23, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17298/kky.2017.23.1.001.

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Kim, Sangkyom, and Innwon Park. "Trade Facilitation and a Northeast Asian Free Trade Arrangement." International Area Review 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590500800103.

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What will be the most efficient way of building a regional trade arrangement (RTA) in a globalizing world, especially for countries in Northeast Asia? We strongly suggest that the RTA should stress trade facilitation rather than following common guidance on tariff reduction. In order to support our argument, we attempted to analyze the net trade creation effect of trade facilitation among the countries in Northeast Asia including China, Korea, and Japan by using a survey analysis and a Gravity analysis. We found that each of the four trade facilitation indices we consider (customs procedures, standards and conformity, business mobility, information and communication technology) shows significantly positive effects on bilateral trade between the three Northeast Asian countries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade creation effect"

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Lindbom, Anton, and Ibteesam Hossain. "The European Union’s effect on Swedish trade : A study of trade diversion and trade creation." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-955.

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This Bachelor thesis investigates if the Swedish trade has faced trade diversion and or trade creation after entering the European Union (EU). This is done by analyzing Sweden’s trade pattern of goods before and during the membership using a selected time-period of 1985-2004.

To be able to investigate if Sweden has faced trade diversion and trade creation we apply the Soloaga and Winters model (2000) which is based on the gravity model of trade and we modify it to fit our purpose. By using the modified version we run a pooled panel data regression where we divide the time-period into two groups, a before (1985-1994) and during (1995-2004) EU membership group and we included eight different variables to estimate trade diversion and creation. After running the pooled panel data, we could conclude that Sweden has faced 44 percent trade diversion by diverting its trade from non-members to member states in the EU. Sweden has also increased its trade to EU member states by 106 percent implying trade creation. However since we have not included an exchange rate variable these figure cannot be used as direct percentages to estimate trade diversion and creation, they are instead used as a point of reference.

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Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker huruvida Sveriges handel har påverkats av handelsomfördelning och eller en handelsökning efter medlemskapet i den Europeiska Unionen (EU). Detta gör vi genom att analysera Sveriges handelstrend under 1985-2004.

Till vår hjälp i vår undersökning av Sveriges handelsutveckling under de senaste 20 åren har vi använt Soloaga och Winters (2000) regressionsmodell som är baserad på gravitations modellen för handel men vi har modifierat den till att passa vårt syfte. Genom denna modifierade modell har vi gjort en poolad paneldata analys där vi delar upp vår tids period i två grupper, en före- och en under EU grupp och vi inkluderade åtta variabler i modellen. Sammanfattningsvis har vi kommit fram till att Sverige har påverkats av en 44 procentig handelsomfördelning då handeln har skiftat från icke medlemsstater till medlemsstater. Sverige har även ökat sin handel med EU länderna med 106 procent vilket pekar på att Sverige även har påverkats av en handelsökning. Dessa siffror måste dock ses som en utgångspunkt och inte exakta siffror för handelsomfördelning och handelsökning då vi ej inkluderat en variabel som mäter valutakurs förändringar i vår regressionsmodell

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Liu, Tianshu, and tianshu liu@rmit edu au. "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Regional Trade Agreements for Australia and China." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.094213.

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The thesis concentrates on measuring the benefits and losses of implementing regional trade agreements. In particular, the thesis analyses trade flow changes, foreign direct investment inflow changes, industrial total factor productivity changes and specific commodity trade flow changes in Australia and China. Four empirical studies are undertaken. Firstly, the thesis introduces the gravity model to estimate the effect of regional trade agreements on trade flow changes, focusing on thirty-nine countries and areas from seven regional trade agreements during 1980-2004. The results show that there are trade creation and trade diversion effects for various memberships. The results further show that China experiences an export creation effect for its APEC membership while Australia has an import diversion effect for its CER membership. When trade between Australia and China is considered, Australia's CER membership impedes its trade with China. However, both Australia and China benefit from attending APEC jointly to enlarge their bilateral trade. Secondly, a modified gravity model is undertaken to test the impact of regional trade agreements on foreign direct investment inflows to Australia and China. It uses the same regional trade agreements to that of the trade flow study for the period of 1980 to 2004 for Australia and 1985 to 2004 for China. The results show that CER members tend to strengthen their bilateral foreign direct investment cooperation after the implementation of CER trade and investment liberalization. Thirdly, the impact of regional trade agreements is examined on industrial total factor productivity growth. The findings show that industries with comparative trading advantages in both Australia and China tend to improve their total factor productivity upon liberalizing trade both bilaterally and multilaterally. However, industries with comparative disadvantages need more protection against severe foreign competition. It uses data from 1974-75 to 2004-05 for the Australian market sector analysis, from 1968-69 to 1990-2000 for the Australian manufacturing industry analysis, and from 1987 to 2003 for the Chinese industry analysis. Finally, the thesis investigates the impact of regional trade agreements on bilateral commodity trade between Australia and China from 1979 to 2004. A similar gravity model to that of the trade flow study is used, introducing an additional GDP per capita variable to capture the effect of increasing consumers' income on their consumption of particular goods and products type based on product and production characteristics. Both the one-digit and some detailed four-digit commodity classifications described in the Standard International Trade Classification are considered. The results show that participation in regional trade agreements is an important factor that affects Australia's major commodity trade with China. The major contribution of this thesis is the investigation of issues on trade flows and foreign direct investment specifically in Australia and China, together with the studies of the effect of regional trade agreements on industrial total factor productivity improvement and specific commodity trade changes. Due to the increasing pursuit of bilateral and regional economic cooperation in Australia and China, the results of this thesis are of particular importance to both countries in their foreign trade and economic strategies.
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Duong, Xuan Vinh. "ASEAN - China Free Trade Area : A quantitative study of Trade diversion and Trade creation effects on ASEAN - China trade flows." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15348.

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The Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China have a long history of trading with each other. They are economic partners as well as competitors for many years. In order to push their economic relationship to a higher level, in November 2002, ASEAN and China signed the initial framework agreement, determined on establishing the ASEAN - China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) among the eleven countries by 2010 for the ASEAN-6 (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) and by 2015 for the transitional economies of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (the CLMV). There are fears that China’s rapid development recently will encourage ASEAN’s exports to flow into its giant domestic market instead of among the members countries. Also the benefits of the Free Trade Agreement are still unclear. The Thesis uses three gravity models and the panel data of 11 countries from 1992 to 2009 to test two hypotheses: trade diversion (that expanded trade with China will reduce intra-trade within ASEAN) and trade creation (that ACFTA will boost up bilateral trade between ASEAN and China).
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Polášek, Petr. "Trade Effects of the East Enlargement in the CEECs." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10318.

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The thesis analyses the effect of the Eastern enlargement on goods flows into four CEECs. In the beginning, the Eastern enlargement and numerous related economic effects are briefly characterised. After that it focuses on trade diversion and trade creation effects, starting with a concise discussion of the traditional customs union theory and followed by the explanation of the choice of the estimation method. A gravity model applied on a panel data set is then used to model the import flows into the EU15 and the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The results showed that a careful choice of the model specification and estimating technique is needed and the model that controlled for four sources of unobserved heterogeneity (time, country pair, importer, and exporter specific characteristics) was chosen. Based on this model's results, we could expect a significant increase of imports from EFTA into these countries but aggregately we should not expect any trade diversion as no further redirecting of import flows from the rest of the world is predicted. Eventually, some of the real trade flow developments (territorial and commodity structures and revealed comparative advantages of selected regions) are described.
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Silva, João Miguel dos Santos. "The effects Ishares IBovespa index fund creation on the liquidity of underlying stocks." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9617.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
I investigate the impact of Ishares Ibovespa Index Fund (BOVA) introduction on the liquidity of the underlying securities and the asymmetry of the liquidity effect depending on the BOVA component weight. My main finding is that there was no impact on liquidity of underlying components after the introduction of the exchange-traded fund and also that the absence of effect in liquid is symmetric for all the component securities. Additional, I find that BOVA has a low trading volume and liquidity over the 50 days of trading as compared with other ETF’s at the moment of inception. Being this the main reason for the absence of impact on the liquidity of components securities after BOVA inception.
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Bueno, Bruna Helena Belchior Machado da Silva. "The effects of OF ETF creation on the price efficiency of underlying stocks." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9580.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
In this assignment I build an intuitive panel regression model, in order to achieve a clear isolation of the impact of the inception of the first Exchange Traded Fund created on the FTSE100 index on the price efficiency of its underlying stocks. The main finding of this analysis is that price efficiency at the individual stock market decreases after ETF introduction. Thus, the adverse selection hypothesis highlights the shift of liquidity traders to the basket security, leaving informed traders exposed in the individual market. This decrease is evident and significant for different time range samples employed, as well as for the several measures of price efficiency used.
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Kabamba, Georges Bukasa. "The importance of bilateral agreements on trade flows: a case of the Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (EU-SA TDCA)." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26799.

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This study analysed the intricacies of trade flows imbibed in the EU-SA TDCA. It assessed the trade creation and trade diversion effects of this bilateral trade agreement – using the top 10 selected commodity exports. This follows the report on the Harmonised System (HS) at the 2-digit codes. A Gravity Model Approach on bilateral trade flows is grounded on panel data models for the period 2000-2017 between South Africa as exporter country and the twenty EU countries (EU-20) as importer country-block out of the twenty-eight countries (EU-28). The study reports that the EU-SA TDCA enhanced significant trade expansion and trade creation effects. Mixed results for GDPs and GDPPKs for both South Africa and the EU countries were reported, but the overall results showed that the bilateral agreement do affect South African commodity exports more negatively, albeit with few positive effects from the EU countries in particular. Besides, ICTSA does have a negative effect on commodity exports, while the South African REER has the positive effect on export models. Lastly, the distance as a proxy of transportation costs negatively affects South Africa’s exports, while common colonial relationship and English as common official language have both a positive effect on exports. The findings imply that trade policies should focus on adequate telecommunication tools, alongside fair trade practices allowing South Africa to integrate with the global market, promote economic growth as well as enhance competitive advantage in most sectoral trades.
Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management (International Business and Finance))
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Lenia, Sambo Filza, and 李曼華. "Effects of Regional Economic Integration in SADC: Perspectives from Trade Creation and Trade Diversion." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yx6246.

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碩士
東吳大學
國際經營與貿易學系
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Abstract This work aims to measure the economic performance of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries and the level of intra-regional trade, which potential economic gains and costs the SADC free trade agreement (FTA) group brings about. Even though SADC countries economic structure reflects great heterogeneity, with the countries divided into two groups: those that rely on agriculture, and those that rely on mineral resources, our results, shown that the export structures among SADC countries are quite similar, resulting revealed comparative advantage in similar commodity groups. The revealed comparative advantage (RCA) results for the 11 regions (aggregated in 9 individual countries and 2 groups) and the SADC grouping, for 13 commodity group sectors in 1992, 1995, 1998, and 2005, shows a trade creation effect between SADC 9 and South Africa in the case of group 15 (hard coal and lignite). And for the other 3 new members (Mauritius, Rest of South Central Africa, and Madagascar) the results do not assume the condition (RCA>1), for benefiting commodity group or trade creation. Indeed, SADC countries present comparative advantages, and also comparative disadvantages in similar goods, especially 39 (other transport equipment), and 41 (machinery and equipment). Keywords: Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), regional trade agreements (RTAs), revealed comparative advantage (RCA), trade creation (TC), trade diversion (TD).
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Barclay, Vaughn. "Patterns Perceptible: Awakening to Community." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3656.

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This paper interweaves narrativized readings and experiential narratives as personal and cultural resources for counterhegemonic cultural critique within our historical context of globalization and ecological crisis. Framed by perspectives on epistemology, everyday life, and place, these reflections seek to engage and revitalize our notions of community, creativity, and the individual, towards visioning the human art of community as a counternarrative to globalization. Such a task involves confronting the meanings we have come to ascribe to work and economy which so deeply determine our social fabric. Encountering the thought of key 19th and 20th century social theorists ranging from William Morris, Gregory Bateson, and Raymond Williams, to Murray Bookchin, Martin Buber, and Wendell Berry, these reflections mark the indivisible web of culture in the face of our insistent divisions, and further, iterate our innate creativity as the source for a vital, sustainable culture that might reflect, in Bateson’s terms, the pattern that connects.
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Books on the topic "Trade creation effect"

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Peri, Giovanni. The trade creation effect of immigrants: Evidence from the remarkable case of Spain. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Klein, Michael W. Job creation, job destruction, and the real exchange rate. Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 1999.

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Klein, Michael W. Job creation, job destruction, and the real exchange rate. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Emery, Richard. Creative duotone effects: A visual guide to choosing successful color combinations. London: Blueprint, 1995.

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Creative Duotone Effects. Blueprint, 1998.

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Mancini, Marina. The Effects of a State of War or Armed Conflict. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0047.

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This chapter explores how a state of war or armed conflict affects the relations between belligerents, between belligerents and third states, and the belligerents’ subjects. It begins by describing how a state of war arose between two states, along with its far-reaching consequences, in classical international law. The effects on diplomatic relations, trade relations, treaties, and contracts are highlighted. The chapter then considers the prohibition on the use or threat of armed force in international relations and its implications for the concept of a state of war as well as the consequences traditionally attached to it. It also looks at state practice regarding the creation of a state of war in the United Nations era and concludes by analysing the effects of an interstate armed conflict in contemporary international law.
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Creative Duotone Effects: A Guide to Choosing Successful Color Combinations. Rockport Pub, 1995.

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Schill, Stephan W. Authority, Legitimacy, and Fragmentation in the (Envisaged) Dispute Settlement Disciplines in Mega-Regionals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808893.003.0005.

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This chapter analyses the inter-state and investor-state dispute settlement disciplines included in mega-regionals, focusing on the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and the Trans-Pacific Partnership. It argues that dispute settlement assumes a pivotal role in trade and investment negotiations, raising fundamental questions about authority and legitimacy and concerns of fragmentation. While preferences of states participating in mega-regionals coincide in agreeing on inter-state arbitration as a compliance mechanism that minimises the authority of dispute resolvers and negative effects of fragmentation in relation to the World Trade Organization, starker differences arise on investor-state dispute settlement. Whereas the EU pushes for the creation of permanent judicial bodies, other states seemingly prefer a reformed version of investor-state arbitration. The underlying clash of ideologies shapes what may become a constitutional moment for international economic law as the debates about the reform of investment dispute settlement progress.
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Guzman, Andrew, and Alan O'Neil Sykes. Economics of International Law. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684250.013.033.

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This chapter begins with a discussion of the architecture of international law. The economic analysis of international law, like virtually all writing on international law, tends to focus on the state as the key unit. As states pursue their individual goals they will inevitably create externalities that affect other states, creating a gap between what is optimal for an individual state and what is globally efficient. The business of international cooperation and international law can be conceived of as an attempt to close that gap. Central to the international legal system are formally binding agreements among states. States enter into what amounts to contracts in an effort to address externalities created by their actions. The remainder of the chapter deals with economic issues in international law (trade, environment, human rights and humanitarian law, use of force, and investment).
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Voyatzaki, Maria, ed. Architectural Materialisms. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420570.001.0001.

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This book gathers 14 voices from a diverse group of architects, designers, performing artists, film makers, media theorists, philosophers, mathematicians and programmers. By transversally crossing disciplinary boundaries, new and profound insights into contemporary thinking and creating architecture emerge. The book is at the forefront of the current contemplation on matter and its significance for and within architecture. The premise is that matter in posthuman times has to be rethought in the rich and multifaceted context of contemporary computational architecture, and in the systemic and ecological context of pervasive computer simulations. Combining the dynamism of materiality and the capacities of nonhuman machines towards prototyping spatiotemporal designs and constructs, leads to alternative conceptions of the human, of ethics, aesthetics and politics in this world yet-to-come. The reader, through the various approaches presented by the authors’ perspectives, will appreciate that creativity can come from allowing matter to take the lead in the feedback loop of the creative process towards a relevant outcome evaluated as such by a matter of concern actualised within the ecological milieu of design. The focus is on the authors’ speculative dimension in their multifaceted role of discussing materiality by recognising that a transdisciplinary mode is first and foremost a speculative praxis in our effort to trace materiality and its affects in creativity. The book is not interested in discussing technicalities and unidirectional approaches to materiality, and retreats from a historical linear timeline of enquiry whilst establishing a sectional mapping of materiality’s importance in the emergent future of architecture.
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Book chapters on the topic "Trade creation effect"

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Auguste, Byron Gerald. "Measuring the Effects of RPAs on Trade Creation and Economic Growth." In The Economics of International Payments Unions and Clearing Houses, 132–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25517-7_8.

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Grubel, Herbert. "Effects on the Rest of the World: Trade Diversion, Creation and Wealth." In The European Community after 1992, 29–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12048-2_2.

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Artal-Tur, Andrés, Vicente Pallardó-López, and Francisco Requena-Silvente. "Immigrants’ Networks, Distance, and Trade Creation Effects: An Study Employing Province-Level Data for Italy, Spain and Portugal." In The Socio-Economic Impact of Migration Flows, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04078-3_1.

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Mansoor, Nasir, Thomas Rudhof-Seibert, and Miriam Saage-Maaß. "Pakistan’s “Industrial 9/11”: Transnational Rights-Based Activism in the Garment Industry and Creating Space for Future Global Struggles." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 107–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_6.

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AbstractThis chapter is based on an internal evaluation of the of the 2012–2019 cooperation between the Pakistani National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), the German humanitarian organisation medico international, and the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Written from a first-person perspective by three members of these organisations, it offers invaluable insights into the internal coordination and strategic deliberations of the partners’ evolving transnational efforts to hold the German retail company KiK and Italian social auditing firm RINA to account on behalf of the survivors and victims’ families of the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire. The authors elaborate on the multi-dimensional effects and aftermath of the Ali Enterprises tragedy, and recount the lessons learned from their different perspectives as trade unionists, activists, and lawyers based in both Pakistan and Germany. On this basis, the chapter then maps additional possible avenues for supporting the transnational struggles of workers around the globe. All in all, it offers rich insights into the experiences and complex debates ongoing amongst the authors and their organisations on how to develop common positions and further enhance their mutual understanding in order to collectively imagine and work towards transformative political goals.
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Darma, Wahyudi Setia, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. "Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects of the ASEAN-China FTA, ASEAN-Korea FTA, and ASEAN-India FTA Implementation on the Export of Indonesia’s Food and Beverages Industry Products." In Globalization, Productivity and Production Networks in ASEAN, 147–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16510-9_6.

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Splinter, Melody, and Jeroen Klomp. "Do Sanctions Cause Economic Growth Collapses?" In NL ARMS, 115–32. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_7.

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AbstractThis chapter explores whether economic sanctions are able to trigger sudden economic growth collapses. The primarily aim of economic sanctions is to cause a political or behavioural change by imposing serious restrictions on important economic activities undertaken by the target country. In particular, the basic idea is that sanctions cause a large adverse and sudden shock to the target’s economy. It assumes that when this shock is severe enough, the target country is more willing to cooperate. The findings reported in this chapter clearly demonstrate that economic sanctions have a significant positive effect on the likelihood of a growth deceleration in the first three years after the first threat signals or actual imposition. It turns out that not all sanctions are equally successful in creating a sudden economic shock. In particular, trade sanctions, multilateral sanctions, and sanctions aimed at the business sector are the most harmful for the economy of the target country.
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Adams, Samuel, Edem Kwame Mensah Klobodu, and Richmond Odartey Lamptey. "Electric Power Transmission, Distribution Losses, and Economic Growth in Ghana." In Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction, 450–67. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch027.

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This study examined the effect of electric power transmission and distribution losses (ETL) on economic growth over the period of 1971 to 2012 in Ghana. Using bounds testing approach to cointegration and Bai-Perron test in ordinary least squares framework, we find long-run relationship between ETL, gross capital formation, inflation, trade openness and economic growth. Secondly, while ETL do not have robust impact on economic growth, trade openness exerts a positive impact on economic growth in the long-run. Inflation and gross capital formation, however, have mixed relationships with economic growth. Furthermore, ETL yield a threshold value of 2.07. Finally, controlling for the urban population reveals that ETL moderates the relationship between urbanization and economic growth; higher ETL associates with an increasing negative effect on GDP per capita.
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Terpstra, Taco. "Introduction." In Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean, 1–32. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the economic development of the ancient Mediterranean. From ca. 700 BCE onward, state formation began to have a positive influence on economic activities. A practical reason why that might have been the case readily comes to mind: states provided a transportation infrastructure, aiding traders in their mercantile endeavors. Indeed, rulers decided on the creation of Mediterranean harbors, including some of the largest and most famous ones. Apart from facilitating overseas shipping, the construction of harbors had a stimulating economic effect by integrating public and private monetary flows. Thus, the book studies the economic role of states, focusing on two central tenets. First, state formation and consolidation had an aggregate positive effect on the economy of the ancient Mediterranean, starting in the Late Iron Age and peaking sometime in the Roman imperial period. Second, one should not ascribe that effect to ancient states acting as third-party enforcers of private property rights.
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Pllana, Mustafe, and Aida Tmava. "Remittances and Economic Growth." In Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction, 325–43. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch018.

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Economic growth has become an important study growth matter. By economists economic growth is defined as capital stock growth, rising per capita GDP, increased access for manufactured goods and services for consumption and so on. In economic growth affect several factors and policies. Corruption, lack of investment, inappropriate institutions, inappropriate education etc. are some of obstacles to economic development. Consumption and investment are important components of aggregate demand with multiplicative effect in development. Remittances of migrants are significant potential financial capital used for investments, reflected in economic development and social prosperity. Remittances in Kosovo since 1960 have always been increasing. Participation of remittances to GDP in Kosovo in 2010 is about 12%. Remittances are the highest contributor to the Kosovo trade deficit coverage and are higher than foreign direct investments. Remittances unfortunately for various reasons are not exploited and are not sufficiently exploited for economic development.
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Horska, Elena, Serhiy Moroz, and Jana Galova. "The EU – Ukraine – Russia Crisis Triangle." In Global Perspectives on Trade Integration and Economies in Transition, 105–25. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0451-1.ch006.

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Political decisions and political crisis in one country or region in the world can affect local economics and international trade significantly. Such situation of trade creation at one side and trade decrease on the other side has been observed as the consequence of political circumstances between Russia and Ukraine in 2014. National economics and trade of several countries and regions of the world have been suffering from this political crisis. At the same time with trade sanctions and trade decrease among traditional trading partners (EU-Russia, USA-Russia), the effort to ensure a sufficient market supply in Russia and strengthen links among Russia and customs union countries has been observed. A side effect, higher economic and political risk in doing business with Ukraine, caused the trade decrease with Ukraine, too. The chapter analyses selected trade indicators related to international trade of Ukraine and Russia for period 2010-2014 and identifies possible opportunities and threats following from political crisis and affecting international trade of selected trading partners.
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Conference papers on the topic "Trade creation effect"

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Boldurat, Vladislav, and Olga Condriuc. "SME’s Situation within a DCFTA Context through COVID-19 Crisis." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/03.

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Analyzing the negative impacts of the global pandemic (COVID-19) on the R. of Moldova economy, SMEs external trade performed within a DCFTA framework represents one of the most important vectors for keeping the local economy in good health. Once the COVID-19 pandemic struck the world, Republic of Moldova was no exception. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a series of problems, and those caused by movement restrictions have led to economic bottlenecks for exporting companies which resulted in liquidity and cash flow problems. Bringing our minds back to the Association Agreement and directly to the DCFTA, it is appropriate to estimate it’s preliminary impact on Moldova’s economy. After 5 years of DCFTA creation and implementation, it has been experienced a significant boost of the trade between Moldova and the EU, which resulted in the increase of investments, jobs, wages and goods export growth with 40% (1.5 billion USD). In spite of the positive effect the Free Trade Association Agreement is having on R. of Moldova, still, there are present some issues of healthy competitiveness and increasing production capacity type, key factors for exporting SMEs. With all these being stated, this study aims to identify COVID-19 influence on local SME’s doing business within the EU marketplace. Also, this article presents some analysis of emergency projects established by the local authorities to support SMEs and deliver practical solutions that can bring about change. The methodology used in this research is based on the statistical data that reflect the development of Moldovan exporting enterprises after the entry into force of the Association Agreement and, implicitly, DCFTA; analysis of national legislation and policy documents to support SMEs in the country and foreign trade in the context of the DCFTA.
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Setia Darma, Wahyudi, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. "Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects of the ASEAN-China FTA, ASEAN-Korea FTA, and ASEAN-India FTA Implementation on the export of Indonesia's Food and Beverages Industry Products." In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.18.

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İncekara, Ahmet, and Mesut Savrul. "Impact of Globalization on Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00734.

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Contemporarily, globalization is regarded as one of the most comprehensive forces that shape the modern world. It led to major increases in worldwide trade and exchanges in an increasingly open, integrated, and borderless international economy. The participation of developing countries in the globalization process created an opportunity for them to better utilize their comparative advantages through entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is often associated with job creation, wealth creation, innovation and its related welfare effects. Thus it is generally credited with economic development instrument especially for developing countries. In this regard, impact of globalization on entrepreneurship in developing countries is investigated in the study. Entrepreneurship and globalization data is collected from KOF Index of Globalization and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data of the countries classified by UNDP Country Classification System. Comparison of the data has shown that globalization has a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities and although entrepreneurship levels are rising all over the world it is more effective in developing countries than developed ones and emerging markets in the last decade due to the increase in the globalization process.
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Zhang, X., S. Kanuparthi, G. Subbarayan, B. Sammakia, and S. Tonapi. "Hierarchical Modeling and Trade-Off Studies in Design of Thermal Interface Materials." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73259.

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Particle laden polymer composites are widely used as thermal interface materials in the electronics cooling industry. The projected small chip-sizes and high power applications in the near future demand higher values of effective thermal conductivity of the thermal interface materials (TIMs) used between the chip and the heat-spreader and the heat-spreader and heat-sink. However, over two decades of research has not yielded materials with significantly improved effective thermal conductivities. A critical need in developing these TIMs is apriori modeling using fundamental physical principles to predict the effect of particle volume fraction and arrangements on effective behavior. Such a model will enable one to optimize the structure and arrangement of the material. The existing analytical descriptions of thermal transport in particulate systems under predict (as compared to the experimentally observed values) the effective thermal conductivity since these models do not accurately account for the effect of inter-particle interactions, especially when particle volume fractions approach the percolation limits of approximately 60%. Most existing theories are observed to be accurate when filler material volume fractions are less than 30–35%. In this paper, we present a hierarchical, meshless, computational procedure for creating complex microstructures, explicitly analyzing their effective thermal behavior, and mathematically optimizing particle sizes and arrangements. A newly developed object-oriented symbolic, java language framework termed jNURBS implementing the developed procedure is used to generate and analyze representative random microstructures of the TIMs.
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Kluxen, R., M. Terstegen, S. Behre, P. Jeschke, and Y. Guendogdu. "Effects of Platform Misalignment in a 3D Designed 1.5 Stage Axial Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26378.

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The effect of hub platform misalignment in the first vane of a 1.5 stage axial test rig turbine on the efficiency is numerically analyzed. An investigation is made into how this misalignment, as caused for example by manufacturing deviation, impacts the intended 3D flow in an endwall-contoured design and how robust the design is compared to a uncontoured turbine. Axial misalignment was created by extending all platforms within the blade row in radial direction by up to 5.5 % of the channel height. In order to create circumferential steps, only every third platform was elevated. The results are based on steady and unsteady simulations with the DLR RANS solver TRACE. In general, both axial and circumferential steps alter the static pressure field and lead to flow separations bubbles. These effects lead to the creation of new vortices which interact with the classic turbine secondary flow. It turns out that increasing the step height generally reinforces the secondary flow intensity. In addition to local detrimental effects, these processes significantly alter the inflow conditions to the subsequent blade rows, leading to increased losses there. A comparison of the results for the uncontoured and the non-axisymmetric endwall shows that the beneficial effects of the latter, which are based mainly on radial homogenization of the outlet flow yaw angle in the first vane, still continue to exist in the presence of platform steps, although the overall efficiency is significantly reduced. An experimental validation of the platform effects is not included in this paper but will follow in the near future.
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Reel, Yeşim. "The Dependency Game and Potential Gains in Energy Sector of Eurasia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00195.

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The integration of the Eurasian super-continent will potentially have major implications for the Eurasian region, and also for the world economy. Traditionally, economic integration has ben analyzed and measured mostly with regard to trade and transport linkages. Turning from the most obvious linkages in energy to other areas, the first point to be made is that the collapse of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) had a devastating impact on trade within the former Soviet regional trading bloc known as COMECON (Linn and Tiomkin,2007). Opening Greater Central Asia to continental trade in energy and goods would give countries in the region greater access to foreign technology and foreign exchange revenue, increase market access. Forecasts about the positive effects of construction and restoration of road corridors suggest there could be enormous gains (Norling and Swanström,2007). Moreover, potential gains in energy transit are also massive (Pandian,2005). It is stated that the increasing demand for Eurasian energy is creating a very interesting dependency game involving three groups of countries. The existing dependencies are based on a number of variables (Svedberg,2007). The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation, the dependency game and potential gains in Eurasia’s energy sector. The current situation’s analysis presents a framework which shows Eurasia’s energy sector’s data, trends and problems. The dependency game indicates the linkages between different countries which are related to the sector, and these countries’ positions. The potential gains are important particularly in energy production, energy projects and energy trade for Eursia. Considering all these, first part presents introduction. The second part analyzes the current situation, the dependency game and, gives outcomes of this dependency in the sector. Third part presents the potential gains for this sector. Last part gives a conclusion.
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Konkol, Nicholas. "System Level FA on Transmission Line Issues." In ISTFA 2010. ASM International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2010p0196.

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Abstract One issue that faces failure analysis at the system level is impedance mismatched transmission lines resulting from developers pushing the edge of trace layout recommendations. When transmission lines on printed circuit boards are routed in such a way as to allow for impedance mismatches, the effects can be unwanted on the signal that the line carries. Techniques can be used for discovering if capacitance, resistance, or split planes are creating the impedance mismatches that are resulting in the system level failure seen by the customer.
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Bayraktar, Murat, and Neşe Algan. "The Importance Of SMEs On World Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02265.

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The importance of SMEs to world economies is well reported. SMEs (firms with 200 or less employees) construct the biggest business sector in each global economy therefore governments around the world are increase the effort to promote and support SME expansion as their national development strategy. Micro firms and SMEs are forming the majority of firms in most countries (which 95% on average) and for the large majority of jobs. While SMEs are dominating of very great numbers, SMEs are significant due to their importance as priority drivers to employment, economic growth and innovation. According to the World Trade Organization SMEs represent over 90% of the business population, 60-70% of employment and 55% of GDP in developed economies. SMEs held for around 20% of patents, one measure of innovation, in biotechnology-related fields in the Europe. As the world economy faces with prevailing challenges, governments increasingly start to turn on SMEs as a significant element of sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The importance of SMEs to; economic growth, poverty reduction, innovation and job creation also social cohesion are major key.
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Hendron, Robert, Sara Farrar-Nagy, Ren Anderson, Paul Reeves, and Ed Hancock. "Thermal Performance of Unvented Attics in Hot-Dry Climates: Results From Building America." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44070.

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As unvented attics have become a more common design feature implemented by Building America partners in hot-dry climates of the United States, more attention has been focused on how this approach affects heating and cooling energy consumption. By eliminating the ridge and eave vents that circulate outside air through the attic in most new houses and by moving the insulation from the attic floor to the underside of the roof, an unvented attic becomes a semiconditioned space, creating a more benign environment for space conditioning ducts. An energy trade-off is made, however, because the additional surface area (and perhaps reduced insulation thickness) increases the building loss coefficient. Other advantages and disadvantages, unrelated to energy, must also be considered. This paper addresses the energy-related effects of unvented attics in hot-dry climates based on field testing and analysis conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
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Crawford, Isabella Christine, Stephanie Swartz, Belem Barbosa, and Susan Luck. "Employability Through Experiential Delivery of Intercultural Communication Skills Online." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11185.

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International trade, enabled by rapid technological advances, has had a profound effect on the way employees work and communicate in a borderless, virtual environment. Within this context, classroom collaboration through online virtual teams can be an effective strategy to enhance intercultural and employability skills. Research in this area advocates that using digital media to connect students with international classrooms is an easy and efficient way to develop intercultural competence. In this paper we describe and present the results of one such initiative. The authors have designed and implemented virtual and experiential intercultural communications assignments across four countries: Germany, Portugal, Scotland, and the United States. By creating virtual teams and then simulating a real-world team project, we have been able to study how students work with, and react to, teammates from other cultures. We explored students’ views and opinions on the expected outcomes of their international experience in virtual teams and the potential impact of online intercultural learning experiences on their future employability. The findings suggest that collaborative online international learning (COIL) can help to develop the kind of soft skills that employers value and need in the globalized workplace.
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Reports on the topic "Trade creation effect"

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Peri, Giovanni, and Francisco Requena. The Trade Creation Effect of Immigrants: Evidence from the Remarkable Case of Spain. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15625.

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