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Eggebrecht, Jared O. "Impact of China-based manufacturing on greater Wisconsin manufacturing companies." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003eggebrechtj.pdf.
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Mapes, John. "Performance Trade-Offs in Manufacturing Plants." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3969.
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If manufacturing organisations are to remain competitive they must continuously
improve their levels of operating performance. In order to do this, operations managers
must understand which are the key drivers that are most effective at creating
performance improvements and how the various measures of operating performance
interact. The research addresses both of these issues. First it attempts to identify the
key drivers that seem most effective in achieving increases in overall operating
performance. Then it explores the relationship between the levels of performance for
different operating measures in the same manufacturing plant.
The basis of the research was a database of 953 UK manufacturing plants. These plants
had all participated in the UK Best Factory Awards database during the years 1993-
1996. The plants were grouped into 6 industrial categories. The plants in each
industrial category were then ranked for each performance measure and divided into
three equal-sized groups of high, medium and low performers. The groups of high and
low performers were then compared in order to identify characteristics that were
statistically different for the two groups. The high performers were found to put a
greater emphasis on continuous improvement, involving a higher proportion of the
workforce in this activity. The workforce was also more flexible in terms of the range
of tasks that they were competent to carry out. The high performers exhibited much
less variability in their processes with greater adherence to schedule, more consistent
processing times, lower scrap rates and more reliable supplier deliveries.
Using the results of this analysis in combination with an analysis of the literature on the
characteristics of high performing plants a tentative model was constructed attempting
to show how these characteristics would impact on operating performance. The model
suggested that improvements in unit manufacturing cost, quality consistency, speed of
delivery and delivery reliability would be positively correlated. The model also
suggested that the size of the product range would be negatively correlated with unit
manufacturing cost, quality consistency, speed of delivery and delivery reliability. The
database was used to test for statistical correlations between measures of these aspects
of performance and the results provided general support for both of these propositions.
Six of the plants in the database were visited and staff responsible for planning,
purchasing and production were interviewed. The objective was to test whether the
conclusions reached on the basis of statistical analysis could also be validated at
individual plants. There was general support for the differences in the characteristics of
high and low performing plants. There was also general support for the propositions
that plants achieve similar performance on unit manufacturing cost, quality
consistency, speed of delivery and delivery reliability relative to plants in the same
industrial sector and that increasing the size of the product range adversely affects unit
manufacturing cost, quality consistency, speed of delivery and delivery reliability.
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da, Silveira Giovani José Caetano. "The management of manufacturing trade-offs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79987/.
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This thesis investigates the nature and management of manufacturing trade-offs. It examines the properties and features of trade-offs in the context of manufacturing systems and the ways that operations management may deal with them. The need for such an investigation stems from (a) the increasing interest in trade-offs, (b) the implicit use of trade-offs in many recent popular operations literature, (c) the interest in the dynamic competencies literature and (d) the apparent lack of trade-offs methods or an overall framework. This study reflects the need to extend the trade-offs research from its present descriptive focus to an explanatory and hopefully more elucidating focus. This research is based on a number of case studies of manufacturing companies in Great Britain and Brazil. Data concerning their trade-offs were collected mainly through the examination of documents, observations of shop-floor activities and interviews with the systems' key operations managers. Following analysis identified the major data within and across the cases about the properties, features and management of trade-offs. This investigation suggests mainly that trade-offs between MSDs do exist; that their structure can be visualised as base, pivot and function; that they are contingent and dynamic; that their performance is different from their importance; that these depend on a range of external and internal factors; that one can improve trade-offs through alternative strategies and that flexibility may have a pivotal role in this process. The major original contributions of this explanatory, in-depth investigation are (a) the development of a trade-offs model that may be more accurate and useful than previous models in the literature; (b) the distinction between the performance and importance of trade-offs; (c) the taxonomy of trade-offs management strategies and (d) the identification of the role of flexibility in trade-offs management, with emphasis on the distinction between the ideas of flexibility and variety in that context.
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Oldenski, Lindsay. "Nonroutine tasks in international trade." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356339.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jessup, Katherine. "Does trade Improve income inequality? a study in agricultural and manufacturing trade /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3631.
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Pumar, Jose. "Global manufacturing facility design." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002pumarj.pdf.
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Phan, Phalla. "Trade liberalisation and manufacturing performance in Thailand 1990-2000 /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050201.105429/index.html.
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Wood, Eric. "Essays on trade and manufacturing industry in South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390185.
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Diabate, Youssouf Nelson Robert G. "Vertical integration in the food manufacturing industry 1967-1992." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%206-15-07/DIABATE_YOUSSOUF_4.pdf.
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Mather, Charles. "Flexible manufacturing in Vancouver's clothing industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28112.
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Flexible production techniques have been implemented in a number of industries in response to the crisis following the long post World War Two boom. These new methods have recently captured the attention of social scientists from a broad range of perspectives. In the large North American automobile industry, where flexible manufacturing is best documented, firms are introducing programmable equipment, work teams are replacing the assembly line, inventories are kept at a minimum, improving turnaround time and quality are important goals, and markets are smaller as specific consumers are targeted. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the experience of the automobile industry is not representative of other manufacturing sectors. The implementation of the new techniques is likely to be different where the organisation of production is different, the structure of the industry is less concentrated, and where norms of consumption are distinct.
This thesis focuses on the clothing industry in Vancouver, British Columbia. For this study, interviews were conducted with fourteen clothing firms in the city, ten workers (most of whom were Chinese female immigrants), union officials, equipment salespeople and a government official. The primary research question was to understand the pervasiveness of the new techniques and their effects on workers and the industry in Vancouver.
The results of this study suggest that it is overwhelmingly the very large fashion firms that have invested in flexible machinery. These firms are large enough to lay out the capital for the new machines which improve turnaround time and flexibility, both vital for manufacturers of fashion apparel. A second advantage of the equipment for factory owners is that it reduces their dependence on skilled male workers who command the highest wages on the shop floor. For women workers in the industry (machinists), the new machines simply speed up work, making an already debilitating job worse. On the other hand, many smaller fashion firms are unable to raise the capital for the equipment even though the potential benefits are significant. In addition, standardised clothing manufacturers in Vancouver have not purchased the new technology because it does not suit their needs. Firms without the new technology weather downturns in the economy primarily through workers in the secondary labour market, which, in Vancouver is dominated by immigrant women. At this stage it seems that are barriers to the widespread implementation of flexible equipment in Vancouver clothing industry.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Badinger, Harald, and Fritz Breuss. "Trade and productivity. An industry perspective." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/116/1/document.pdf.
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We use a sample of 14 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries to test for the effect of trade on productivity. Endogeneity concerns are accounted for using the geographical component of trade as instrument as suggested by Frankel and Romer (1999). Our results are in line with previous studies: Trade increases productivity. What is puzzling, however, is the size of the effect: An increase in the export ratio by one percentage point increases productivity in manufacturing by 0.6 percent on average. This is less than half of the effect obtained in previous studies. We discuss likely explanations for this discrepancy.Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Muhtaseb, Buthaina Mohamed Ali. "International competitiveness of Jordan's manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21582.
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The International competitiveness of Jordan's manufacturing sector has recently been of considerable concern to officials in Jordan. This study examines Jordan's capacity to compete successfully in foreign markets and with imports in Jordan's market, and the impact of the recent policies on the price and short-run aspects of competitiveness for a period from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s. Unlike previous studies, assessment and analysis of Jordan's relative competitive position are built on indicators constructed exclusively for the manufacturing sector covering import, export, and overall dimensions of competitiveness. The OECD model has been employed using export, import and producer prices, and trade double weights for manufactures. The results show that Jordan's competitiveness deteriorated until the mid-1980s. Subsequently, competitiveness improved with the most pronounced gains being achieved at the end of the 1980s and in the early 1990s, particularly in import and overall competitiveness. The maintenance of a strong Jordanian dinar associated with other unfavourable internal and external developments in Jordan's and competitors' prices before the mid-1980s, and the favourable developments in these prices including the devaluation of the Jordanian dinar at the end of the 1980s, may explain the initial deterioration in competitiveness and the subsequent improvement. Between the mid-1970s and the late-1980s the gains achieved in import competitiveness process were reflected in most years in declines in the import penetration ratio; and in the case of the export competitiveness process were translated into higher market shares. The Constant-Market-Share approach shows that one-third of the expansion in Jordan's manufactured exports was attributable to improved competitiveness. The Commodity effect, particularly for chemicals, was favourable to this expansion, while the concentration of exports on the sluggish import demand of the Middle Eastern countries resulted in a slight unfavourable market effect.
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Tekeste, Abraham. "Trade policy and performance of public manufacturing firms in Ethiopia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288181.
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Malhotra, Rajeev. "An architecture for an apparel manufacturing enterprise." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9349.
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Pongpattanasili, Chaitamlong. "An appropriate manufacturing strategy model for the Thai food processing industry." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070215.170406/index.html.
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Zhou, Yin. "Simulation in apparel manufacturing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8718.
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Granér, Mats. "Essays on trade and productivity : case studies of manufacturing in Chile and Kenya /." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law (Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk.), 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/GranerdissNE.pdf.
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Daniels, Jean M. "An economic assessment of the lumber manufacturing sector in western Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5456.
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Barrera, Rey Fernando J. "Trade liberalisation and intra-industry heterogeneity : Colombia's manufacturing sector 1975-1987." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307418.
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Barua, Shubhasish. "Essays on trade, multi-product plants, manufacturing performance and labor market." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80029/.
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The evolution and impact of North-North and North-South trade have been among the main areas of research in the literature of international trade. But how trade shocks emanating from a low-wage southern country affect the manufacturing sector of other low-wage countries has been little researched. In particular, there is a lack of evidence on firm-level adjustment to low-wage trade shock in a low-wage developing country context. The main objective of the thesis is to fill this gap in the literature by empirically examining the impact of import competition shock from China on the evolution of manufacturing sector in India. This thesis combines plant level data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) 1998-2009 with the product level trade data from UN Comtrade database. The thesis contains two main chapters –chapter 2, which explores the impact of a sharp rise in Chinese import exposure on overall plant performance and product reallocation dynamics within-plant, and chapter 3. The latter dwells on wage inequality and employment within-plant. Chapter 2 finds that increased import competition from China following its WTO accession leads to improvements in revenue productivity and a reduction of product scope at the plant-level. A 10 percentage point increase in Chinese import exposure leads to a 3.7 percent increase in large plants’ total-factor productivity. The same amount of increase in exposure to Chinese imports leads to a one percent decrease in the number of products produced by the plant. Plant product-level analysis suggests that the impact on selection of products is not symmetric. Plants drop the product in which Chinese import exposure is higher; however, the closer the product is to the core competence of the plant, the less likely it is to be dropped. Although import competition from high-wage countries has no statistically significant impact on plant performance or product scope, plant product-level adjustment shows that import competition shocks from both high-wage countries and China have a similar impact on the selection of products within a plant. Chapter 3 finds that the rise in import competition from China leads to a general increase in within-plant wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in large plants. But the overall pattern is driven by much greater adjustment in flexible labor markets or states that have employer friendly industrial relation regulation, while no significant adjustment is evident in the inflexible market. I find that a 10 percentage point increase in Chinese import exposure leads to a 1.35 percent increase in skill premium in the sample of large plants, whereas the same change leads to a 2.65 percent increase in skill premium in the flexible market. It is also observed that increase in import competition from China causes a downsizing of low-productivity plants through employment destruction, and an expansion of high-productivity plants via employment creation. Again, the reallocation of employment is only evident in the flexible labor market.
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O'Grady, Dermot. "Trade liberalisation and market discipline : evidence from South African manufacturing sectors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5721.
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Saldivar-Sali, Charisse Domingo. "Host country characteristics and manufacturing decisions : discovering influences and relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311105.
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Hauge, Arild O. "The overseas operations of the Norwegian manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291517.
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Van, de Winkel Tijl. "Trade liberalisation and the impact of regional trade flows on the mark-ups in South African manufacturing industries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5680.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48).Since the mid-1990s South Africa has made considerable progress in opening up its trade regime.This study presents estimates of average mark-ups for the manufacturing industries over the period 1970-2002 and further analyses the impact of trade liberalisation and regional trade flows on the internal competitiveness of South African manufacturing industries between 1988 and 2002. While several international studies have analysed the impact of trade flows, few have analysed the impact of trade liberalisation using tariff data.
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Iyengar, Gopal S. "Procurement and strategy in manufacturing firms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2972.
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The strategic role of the Procurement function in manufacturing firms has received increased attention in the literature over the past two decades. Before the 1970s, the supply environment was seen to be stable for most firms, with no particular strategic opportunities or threats. Procurement was treated as an administrative or service function. The oil crisis in the early 1970s changed the situation, bringing in its wake acute inflation and material shortages. The 1980s saw a revolution in manufacturing with the advent of JIT, increased automation and global operations. Theoretical researchers saw the potential for a proactive and strategic role for the Procurement function. This was, however, not reflected in empirical research, which failed to find consistent evidence of firms considering Procurement as strategic. This thesis addresses the gap between precept and practice evident in the literature. A major criticism of the empirical literature is the treatment of the strategic (value) activities on the supply side and the activities of the Procurement department as synonymous. This thesis questioned that view and made a distinction between the two activities. A theoredcal framework was built up from the literature to identify the contexts in which Supply considerations would be strategic. Propositions were generated which allowed for strategic Supply activities both through the Procurement department as well as outside it. The empirical work looked at 25 UK manufacturing firms through the case study approach. The cases were scrutinised for evidence of strategic activities on the supply side, as well as the strategic importance of the Procurement department. The results confirmed that (1) Supply considerations were strategic for a majority of firms. (2) Strategic consideration of Supply depended on a number of contingent variables.(3) Strategic Supply activities were not necessarily reflected in the strategic importance given to the Procurement department.
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Vázquez, Astorga Gabriel. "A hybrid approach to enhance an automotive manufacturing process using QFD & VSM techniques." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Stockwell, Cecil. "Strategic analysis of the South African motor manufacturing industry's changing business environment." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36.
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Introduction: The South African economy has shown very little economic growth and car sales declined steadily from 1988 till they increased slightly in 1999. 2000 saw the economy recovering from a recession, and motor vehicle sales increasing. In order for the South African motor manufacturing industry to remain viable, the manufacturers, who must operate within the framework of the Motor Industry Development Plan, face increasing international competition as the large motor firms from around the world strive to gain a foothold in Africa in anticipation of an “African Renaissance.” South African manufacturers have to develop appropriate strategies to ensure profitability and survival in the new millennium. This entails a thorough analysis of the changing business environment the industry finds itself trading in.
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Bandara, Yapa M. W. Yaparatne. "Trade liberalisation and the productivity imperative in manufacturing industries of Sri Lanka /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17617.pdf.
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Amiti, Mynyre. "International trade in the manufacturing sectors of industrialised countries : theory and evidence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2461/.
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The Thesis investigates the determinants and patterns of specialisation and international trade in the manufacturing sectors of countries that are similar in terms of their technology, relative factor endowments and preferences. Chapter 1 shows that differences in country size alone can be a basis for interindustry trade in manufactures. I present a general equilibrium model in which each country has two imperfectly competitive industries which can differ in three respects: relative factor intensities, level of transport costs and demand elasticities. With positive trade costs and increasing returns to scale, each firm prefers to locate in the larger country due to the 'market access' effect. But the increase in demand for factors in the large country induces a 'production cost' effect - a rise in the wage in the large country relative to the small country to offset the locational advantage of the large country. The tension between the market access effect and production cost effect determines which industry will concentrate in which country and the pattern of inter-industry trade. Chapter 2 investigates circumstance in which technological leapfrogging between regions will occur. Input-output linkages between firms in imperfectly competitive industries create forces for agglomeration of industries in particular locations. A new technology, incompatible with the old, will not benefit from these linkages, so will typically be established in locations with little existing industry and consequently lower factor prices. Chapters 3 studies specialisation patterns in the European Union between 1968 and 1990. It investigates whether specialisation has increased in the European Union countries and analyses whether these patterns are consistent with three different strands of trade theories: the classical Heckscher-Ohlin theory, the 'new' trade theories based on increasing returns to scale, and the 'economic geography' theories based on vertical linkages between industries. I find that there is evidence of increasing specialisation in the European Union countries and there is some support for all three strands of trade theories.
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Salam, Naveeda. "Trade reforms : total factor productivity and profitability of manufacturing sectors in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/837.
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The effect of Pakistan's trade liberalization on total factor productivity and profitability is empirically investigated over a period of 15 years. Total factor productivity is measured for eight major sectors separately and TFP parameter estimates are derived for each sub sector individually. Parameters are estimated by following Levisohn & Petrin (2003) method which takes into account the simultaneity bias inherent in a particular level of total factor productivity and selection of inputs for a panel data set covering a period 1980-95. Technical efficiency is also measured for the same panel data and time period for four major sectors by stochastic production frontier time varying model, in order to complement the estimation of total factor productivity. Price cost margins are also measured for all the sectors to indicate the profitability of the sectors. In the second stage estimation total factor productivity and time varying technical efficiency estimates are related to a variety of trade related variables in the presence of sector specific variables which serve as control variables. The empirical results are mixed. A positive relationship between productivity and liberalization had been hypothesised but the evidence is not unanimously supportive of a positive relationship. Price cost margins are also empirically related to trade variables, plus some structural and sector specific variables. The results are informative about the effect that trade related policies have been exerting on the profitability of the sectors. Restrictive trade policies appear to have shaped a particular industrial structure which seems to limit the effect of trade liberalization policies on the price cost margins. The overall evidence suggests that trade liberalization reforms have no substantial effect on total factor productivity of the manufacturings ectors. This is due to the absence of enabling environment caused by non implementation of complementary reforms in education,infrastructure and competitive policies aimed at discouraging the monopoly powers. There is need for further research to conduct the same analysis with firm level data using entry and exit rates and relate the total factor productivity, turnover and trade liberalization in order to arrive at a definitive conclusion about the role of entry barriers that crept into the manufacturing industries by either deliberate policy making or through by products of trade protection.
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McCoy, Yolla Bishara. "Trade effluent recycling and reuse in the food and beverage manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7178/.
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This research focused on evaluating the water savings that could be achieved from Trade Effluent Recycling and Reuse (TERR) in the UK Food and Beverage Manufacturing Sector (FBM) and on identifying the current and future factors that can impact on the success of this application in the UK. The research data suggest that the water regenerated from a widespread application of TERR in the FBM can potentially satisfy 44% of future increases in water demand. However, it was evident from the research findings that there is a need to clarify implementation strategies and validate the safety, reliability and economic feasibility of TERR projects before this application can be approved by the salient stakeholders in the FBM. Alternative future scenarios were also developed to evaluate the impact that changes in the environmental and socio-economic domains (ESE) are likely to have on TERR in the FBM. It was evident from the narratives that emerged from these scenarios that future changes in ESE are likely to have a positive impact on the approval of TERR projects. The findings also highlight the key role that TERR can potentially play in improving the resilience of the UK against future water shortages through providing a significant percentage of the projected future increases in water demand.
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Esmaile, A. Y. "ESSAYS ON FOREIGN TRADE, PRODUCTIVITY AND LABORMARKET EFFECTS OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/547675.
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Chapter 1
Exports and Firm Productivity in Ethiopian Manufacturing Firms
Abstract
This study examines productivity and exporting dynamics by using unbalanced long panel dataset in the period 2000-11 for Ethiopian export-oriented three two-digit medium and large manufacturing firms. Our results indicate the presence of evidences of both self-selection and learning-by-exporting. The results are robust with different productivity measures and across various specifications. By going beyond the previous literature, this study reveals that export participation has a statistically insignificant impact on technical efficiency and scale change components of total factor productivity (TFP) change. Last but not least, it is imperative that, designing policies orienting exporting firms towards reducing poor production practice by better using the available technological know-how and improvement in the production environment is necessary to be more beneficiary from export participation.
Keywords: Productivity, self-selection, exporting, learning by exporting, Panel data
Chapter 2
Financial Constraints, Foreign Trade, and Firm Survival in Ethiopia: Evidence from manufacturing firm Data
Abstract
We use unbalanced firm-level data over the period 2000-2011 for the Ethiopian context to assess the effects of financial and global engagement variables on firms’ survival probability. We examine whether firms at different stages of export activity (starters, exiters, continuers, switchers) react differently to changes in financial variables by using Probit and Cox proportional hazard models. In general, export starters and exiters experience much stronger adverse effects of financial constraints on their survival prospects. By contrast, the exit probability of continuous exporters is less negatively affected by financial characteristics. The results are robust to alternative model specification and data set.
Keywords: Survival, exporting, financial constraints, Cox proportional, panel data
Chapter 3
Global engagement and labor market effects: Evidence from Ethiopian Manufacturing Firms
Abstract
This paper analyses the effect of exposure to international trade and foreign ownership on the employment quality (workforce composition) and wages in manufacturing industries. This study used the unbalanced long panel dataset of Ethiopian manufacturing firms over the period 2000–2011 and deploying alternative econometric estimation technique (OLS, FE, and GMM-SYS) by estimating dynamic models of employment and wages. The results show that firms’ international exposure has a positive contribution to employment creation and wage growth in Ethiopian manufacturing. This affirms the fact that Ethiopian’s exports are more labor-intensive and this has mitigated the country’s labor surplus. Besides, trade and foreign ownership are found to have an absolute quality-bias which affirms the presence of learning by exporting on the Ethiopian manufacturing sector. We also found that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) magnifies the wage gap between casual and permanent workers. Whereas export participation has a positive, but no significant effect on the wage of permanent workers, while it has a weakly positive significant effect on casual workers’ wage.
Keywords: International trade, employment, wage, foreign ownership, panel data
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Ngwa, Macceline Bih. "The application of good manufacturing practices as a quality approach to food safety in a food manufacturing establishment in the Western Cape South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2525.
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Thesis (MTech (Quality (Engineering)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) is a segment of quality assurance which guarantees that food products produced are uniform and controlled to the appropriate quality standards for their required use and as expected by the marketing authority. A survey was carried out to assess the awareness and implementation level of GMP guidelines amongst manufacturers in the Western Cape, South Africa. Based on a literature review on GMP in the food manufacturing establishments a research problem was identified forming the crux of the research which reads as follows: “the lack of enforcement of approved standards within the food manufacturing establishments in the Western Cape Province, South Africa may result in the food product quality being questioned by consumers”. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and implementation of GMP among food manufacturing establishments in the Western Cape. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning GMP in the food manufacturing industries. Fresh food produce manufacturing establishments in the Western Cape Province South Africa were targeted for this study, with 52 responding to the questionnaires. Data was collected by means of self-administered structured questionnaires and individual face-to-face interviews with six of the establishments that participated in the questionnaires. Data for the questionnaires was analysed by means Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19 software programme in order to generate descriptive statistical results and to determine potential areas for improvement in the establishments surveyed. Data for individual face-to-face interview was recorded by transcribing and analysed by inductive reasoning. In particular, Cronbach’s alpha was utilized to test the reliability of the key items of GMP.
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Marttila, Juha. "The effect of oligopolistic competition on economic welfare in the Finnish food manufacturing /." [Helsinki : Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Finland], 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007575925&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Collins, Alan Michael. "The determinants of retailer power within retailer manufacturer relationships evidence from the Irish food manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1524.
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This research investigates the determinants of retailer power within retailer-manufacturer relationships by specifying and testing three models of retailer power. It is based on a sample of 55 Irish food manufacturers and their experiences of relationships with Irish and British retailers. The study adopts the view that the existing body of research into relationships with retailers is fragmented, and that a more complete understanding of these power relations may be obtained by simultaneously focusing on three sets of factors. The factors are industry specific, firm and product specific, and relationship specific. Much of the existing empirical work investigating power relations implicitly assumes power to be unidimensional through the measures employed. Consequently, the current study investigates retailer power, measured as a unidimensional construct. However, the work proceeds to explicitly acknowledge that power is multidimensional by examining retailers' power over manufacturers' product related and margin related activities. In examining these two dimensions of power, findings ofa more strategic nature are obtained. The analysis draws on the importance French and Raven (1959) attributed to observability as a determinant of power. While neglected throughout the power literature, observability, by introducing monitoring activities, provides a bridge with the transaction cost literature. In this way, specific investments, and the role of retailers' branding strategies, are incorporated into our study of power. The relationship between retailers' monitoring activities and power is specified. Proceeding from monitoring activities, the analysis sheds light on the determinants of inter-firm integration between retailers and food manufacturers. The role of specific investments, symmetric dependency, brand portfolio and retail influence on price are highlighted. The analysis of retailers' product related power supports the role of retail concentration, product shelf-life, manufacturer specific investments and retailers' product monitoring activities. Examining retail margin related power points to the importance of retail concentration, own brand penetration, the importance of economies of scale in manufacturing, product shelf life and manufacturer specific investments. Finally, retail power, measured as a unidimensional construct, is found to be related to own brand market penetration, the importance of economies of scale in manufacturing, manufacturer specific investments and retailers' monitoring activities.
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Carruth, Mark Alexander. "Reducing CO2 emissions through lightweight design and manufacturing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607775.
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Batley, Alun. "Sustainable improvement processes for 21st century manufacturing enterprises." n.p, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Makuwaza, Gwynneth Chandakaita. "Clustering as a strategy for manufacturing performance in the Eastern Cape Automotive industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002670.
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South Africa's current industrial policy focuses on the economy at two levels: a sectoral and spatial level. The former relates to the manner in which industrial policy is concentrating on particular sectors i.e. industrial clusters. This shift in industrial policy from targeting individual industries to an emphasis on industrial clusters, has complemented the change in focus to export promotion under trade policy. Furthermore, there has been increasing recognition of the need to improve industry performance and competitiveness in order to successfully implement export growth. Industry clusters are considered as having the potential to increase manufacturing performance and can provide the basis for sustainable competitive advantage for nations. Consequently the concept of industry clusters was introduced in South Africa in 1997. Because industry clusters are relatively new in South Africa, most of the cluster initiatives in various sectors of the economy are in their early stages of development. Nevertheless, some are already showing signs of potential success in increasing competitiveness in particular sectors. This thesis uses Porter's "diamond" framework apprdach to investigate whether clustering has improved the manufacturing performance of the motor industry in the Eastern Cape. International experience from both developed and developing countries will illustrate the potential of clustering as a powerful strategy in increasing manufacturing performance and consequently competitiveness. Ultimately this should lead to long-term economic development, especially if government adopts clusterbased economic development policies. Information from a survey conducted on both the motor vehicle assemblers and component suppliers is used in this study. The findings reveal that it is mainly the motor vehicle assemblers who have experienced some improvements in manufacturing performance. The components sector on the other hand has not experienced any such improvements. This thesis concludes with the recommendation that it is important to develop cluster policy as a broader and dynamic view of competition. The main emphasis under such policy would be a move from targeting particular industries and providing subsidies towards focusing attention to all clusters in the economy. To effectively apply such a policy requires the repositioning of national, local and provincial government in order to become more involved in regional development issues. Moreover, the various levels of government need to incorporate cluster policy into their competitive strategies.
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Senoglu, Demet. "Measuring Vertical And Horizontal Intra-industry Trade For Turkish Manufacturing Industry Over Time." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1219088/index.pdf.
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In traditional trade theories, foreign trade plays the role of filling the gap of products not produced within the country. However, in the early 1960s increasing exchange of similar products, intra-industry trade, in the world trade have been observed by trade theorists. After the realization of the fact that intra-industry trade has become a very important part of world trade, more comprehensive studies on intra-industry trade have been conducted. At the end of the 1970s, trade theorists started to analyze intra-industry trade between developed countries (horizontal intra-industry trade) and intra-industry trade between developed and developing countries (vertical intra-industry trade) separately, because their characteristics were different. Horizontal intra-industry models were characterized by attribute variation between products while vertical intra-industry models were characterized by quality variation.
This study investigates the issue of measurement of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade for Turkish manufacturing industry. We address the questions of whether the intra-industry trade in Turkish manufacturing sector is more of the horizontal or the vertical type and whether the vertical industries dominates horizontal industries in number at the 3- digit industry level.
Empirical analyses shows that the majority of intra-industry trade in Turkish manufacturing sector is of the vertical natureTurkish manufacturing sector exports lower quality varieties in exchange for higher quality varieties. Also, our empirical analyses indicate that a large percent of 3- digit industries considered as primarily involved in intra-industry trade are vertical industries.
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Chetty, Kamala (Sylvie). "International trade performance of New Zealand manufacturing: An industry and enterprise-level study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4321.
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This thesis attempts to establish the key factors influencing trade performance at both industry and enterprise-level. The underlying purpose is to consolidate the diverse literature in International Marketing as well as provide new insights. For the industry-level study, trade performance models are developed and tested to explain changes in exports and imports for a cross-section of New Zealand manufacturing industries between 1985 and 1990. Increased exports are associated with larger firm sizes, lower levels of advertising intensity and least trade protection (by either tariff or export subsidy). The largest increases in imports have been in those industries which are relatively highly concentrated, with higher R&D intensities, and higher levels of tariff protection and foreign ownership. The key to raising the export performance of manufacturing in general, seems to lie with increasing the quantity and improving the quality of product-related R&D carried out in New Zealand.
A meta-analysis of 111 studies on export performance conducted during the period 1978-1991 was done to identify the key variables at enterprise-level. A multi-case study of 12 small to medium-sized firms, six from the timber processing industry and six from the electrical industrial machinery industry, was conducted to gather data for this section. The key variables identified in the meta-analysis are confirmed. The findings show that firm size drives export growth at both industry and enterprise-level. The study provides new insights on how the export behaviour process operates. Enterprises in both industries behave in a similar manner but there are significant differences in the behaviour between exporters and non-exporters. There is considerable overlap within export strategies among the group of eight exporters thus ruling out export strategy as an explanation for export performance.
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Bongsha, Bernard. "The impact of trade liberation on the manufacturing sector in Cameroon / B. Bongsha." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6948.
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Trade liberalisation has been a prescription for all countries performing poorly and is
seen to be necessary in all economies that have grown (Krueger, 1997). Cameroon
initiated trade liberalisation in the late 1980s; however, the implementation was not
sustained because the government used tariffs to correct trade deficit and raise revenue.
By the early 1990s, the government was pressured by external factors, such as
participation in the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the imposition of a Structural
Adjustment Programme (SAP), membership of the Regional Trade Agreement (RTA),
the debt crisis, and internal factors, such as demands to promote competitiveness. The
tariff rates were reduced along with other quantitative restrictions.
The aim of this research is to measure the impact of trade liberalisation on the
manufacturing sector. The main hypothesis is that trade liberalisation based on theory
should have a positive impact on the manufacturing sector. To test this hypothesis,
appropriate methodologies were used to empirically determine the hypothesis.
Two periods were selected, 1980 to 1991 (pre–liberalisation period) and 1992 to 2006
(post–liberalisation period). The use of the period 1980 to 1991 allows for the capture of
the status quo ante policy, while the period 1992 to 2006 allows for the capture of postliberalisation
impacts (ex poste). The performance variables were regressed with trade
policy variables and other control variables that can influence performance. The
Ordinary Least Squares was used. The result of the study shows that reduction in
protection rates (tariff) did not affect manufacturing positively, as measured by the
export performance. The result from the estimation of the single equation supply model
reveals that the relative price variable proxied for by the exchange rate and imported inputs is an important determinant of the performance of the manufacturing sector, as
measured by export performance, though not significant statistically. The gravity model
is used to complement the results from the estimation of the single equation supply
model. The main manufacturing performance indicator is bilateral trade. Bilateral trade
was regressed with trade and other control variables such as the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of the two countries, distance, tariffs, membership of RTA, common language
and border and colonial ties, which can all have an impact on the performance of the
manufacturing sector. The results show that bilateral trade did not improve as a result of
liberalisation. The results further reveal that the membership in RTA and the reduction
in tariffs (all indications of liberalisation) did not positively influence bilateral trade in
manufacturing. The distance variable and GDP variables equally did not influence
bilateral trade in manufacturing.
Overall, support for the hypothesis that trade liberalisation in the early 1990s has had
positive impacts on the manufacturing sector in Cameroon has not been obtained. The
evidence indicates that liberalisation has negatively affected the manufacturing sector in
Cameroon. The findings show that the long–term relationship between trade opening and
industrialisation of the manufacturing sector is not stable and that trade opening
negatively affects the manufacturing sector of Cameroon. This result is explained by the
fact that importation of some inputs cannot be reduced. Moreover, Cameroon
manufacturing enterprises are apparently unable to satisfy domestic demand and are
uncompetitive. Given the evidence that, under Import Substitution Industrialisation
policy, Cameroon established manufacturing firms not on the basis of revealed or latent
comparative advantage, the seeming failure of ISI might be a consequence of these
wrong decisions that were based on political needs rather than sound economics (Bhagwati, 1978). It is recommended that Cameroon should develop an industrial
policy, which should be based on the identification of the revealed and latent
comparative advantage in addition to the progressive and systemic acquisition of
acquired comparative advantage as prescribe in the new trade theories. Government’s
role should be an enabling one relying on market determination of resource allocation,
and intervention should only take place when there is market failure. Clustering and
agglomeration should be encouraged using the suggested tools, which should avoid rent
seeking at all cost. Rigorous research at the microeconomic level is needed to identify
the comparative advantage of Cameroon. Despite the findings of the research, intuitive
reasoning and analysis of the various policies and actions indicate that trade
liberalisation and market–economic decision–making, through government’s support
(Lin & Monga, 2010) of the private sector (in a public–private partnership), through an
overarching vision, is the way to go.
The results from this research contribute towards policy–making that is grounded on
sound and rigorous research and not rhetorical or political exigencies, which will ensure
and guarantee a sound industrial policy reaffirming the importance of trade liberalisation
despite the criticism and an industrial policy based on revealed and latent comparative
advantages, which will lead to competitiveness with scientifically justified potentials for
the manufacturing sector (GESP, 2010:35).Thesis (Ph.D. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Chien, Jing-Woei. "Complementary and competitive: the impact of Chinese trade on South African manufacturing exports." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20531.
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This paper makes use of South African industry level data to identify the effects of Chinese trade on South African manufacturing exports. It contributes to the existing literature by considering the implications of the different channels of exports identified in Kaplinsky et al. (2007) for Chinese exports. In particular, the direct complementary (positive) and indirect competitive (negative) channels are identified as the key channels for China-South Africa export relations. The impact of these channels are looked at, not only in the terms of aggregate export values, but also the extensive margin (product count). Overall, the results suggest a positive effect arising from Chinese exports. This result is, however, dulled by the negative implications of the indirect competitive channel effect on the extensive margin. A breakdown of the manufacturing sector into low and high-wage industries reveals that high-wage industries are the main recipients of benefits from Chinese exports through the direct complementary channel. Furthermore, the marginal effect of China from the rest of the world reveals a significantly positive difference in the high and low-wage industries for the aggregate export value and extensive margins respectively, while other specifications are inconclusive.
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Lo, Wai Lun. "Bilateral trade effects of Japan's outward direct investment in East Asian manufacturing industries." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/986.
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Oeing, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Dependency and Trade Credit : Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Germany / Alexander Oeing." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122044666/34.
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Damoah, Kaku Attah. "Essays on Productive Efficiency, Trade, and Market Power: Evidence from African Manufacturing Firms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369299.
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This thesis examines three main themes, firms productive efficiency, internationalisation of African firms, and effect of liberalisation policies on market power and market imperfections. The thesis combines two main strands in economics literature in accessing the three main themes of the papers. The first strand regards methodological approaches to estimate a production function from which productive efficiency can be computed. Consistent estimation of productive efficiency is a necessary condition to analyse firm behaviour and their response to trade policies. The thesis critically examines methodologies to estimate productive efficiency. The second strand, international trade and industrial development, analyse firms behaviour in foreign market as well as firms responses to trade liberalisation policies and their overall impact on structural transformation. The two strands of literature examined in this thesis resulted in three independent papers, each of which addresses specific issues along the spectrum of productive efficiency estimation, internationalisation, and market power.
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Damoah, Kaku Attah. "Essays on Productive Efficiency, Trade, and Market Power: Evidence from African Manufacturing Firms." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2624/1/Thesis_Damoah.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines three main themes, firms productive efficiency, internationalisation of African firms, and effect of liberalisation policies on market power and market imperfections. The thesis combines two main strands in economics literature in accessing the three main themes of the papers. The first strand regards methodological approaches to estimate a production function from which productive efficiency can be computed. Consistent estimation of productive efficiency is a necessary condition to analyse firm behaviour and their response to trade policies. The thesis critically examines methodologies to estimate productive efficiency. The second strand, international trade and industrial development, analyse firms behaviour in foreign market as well as firms responses to trade liberalisation policies and their overall impact on structural transformation. The two strands of literature examined in this thesis resulted in three independent papers, each of which addresses specific issues along the spectrum of productive efficiency estimation, internationalisation, and market power.
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Pierce, Justin Ronald. "Trade policy and performance plant-level evidence from manufacturers /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/454152779/viewonline.
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Jiménez, Hernández Angel Mário. "Design for manufacturing systems from automotive industry perspective." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Ibrahim, Hassan S. "Effective protection and productivity growth in the Sudanese manufacturing sector 1970-1985." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278076.
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Abedini, Amin. "TRADE-OFF BALANCING FOR STABLE AND SUSTAINABLE OPERATING ROOM SCHEDULING." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/141.
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The implementation of the mandatory alternative payment model (APM) guarantees savings for Medicare regardless of participant hospitals ability for reducing spending that shifts the cost minimization burden from insurers onto the hospital administrators. Surgical interventions account for more than 30% and 40% of hospitals total cost and total revenue, respectively, with a cost structure consisting of nearly 56% direct cost, thus, large cost reduction is possible through efficient operation management. However, optimizing operating rooms (ORs) schedules is extraordinarily challenging due to the complexities involved in the process. We present new algorithms and managerial guidelines to address the problem of OR planning and scheduling with disturbances in demand and case times, and inconsistencies among the performance measures. We also present an extension of these algorithms that addresses production scheduling for sustainability. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of these algorithms via simulation and statistical analyses.