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Journal articles on the topic 'Tractor beam'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Noh, Juhwan, Yujin Kwon, Yunmok Son, Hocheol Shin, Dohyun Kim, Jaeyeong Choi, and Yongdae Kim. "Tractor Beam." ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 22, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3309735.

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2

Dick, Dennis. "The Tractor Beam." CFA Institute Magazine 23, no. 2 (March 2012): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v23.n2.19.

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3

Mitri, F. G. "Single Bessel tractor-beam tweezers." Wave Motion 51, no. 6 (September 2014): 986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wavemoti.2014.03.010.

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4

Sinko, John E. "Laser Ablation Propulsion Tractor Beam System." Journal of Propulsion and Power 26, no. 1 (January 2010): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.46037.

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5

Krasnov, I. V. "Bichromatic optical tractor beam for resonant atoms." Physics Letters A 376, no. 42-43 (September 2012): 2743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.07.035.

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6

Mitri, F. G. "Near-field single tractor-beam acoustical tweezers." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 11 (September 9, 2013): 114102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4820783.

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7

Wilson, R. Mark. "An optical tractor beam sorts microscopic particles." Physics Today 66, no. 4 (April 2013): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1938.

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8

Li, Xiao, Jun Chen, Zhifang Lin, and Jack Ng. "Optical pulling at macroscopic distances." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (March 2019): eaau7814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7814.

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Optical tractor beams, proposed in 2011 and experimentally demonstrated soon after, offer the ability to pull particles against light propagation. It has attracted much research and public interest. Yet, its limited microscopic-scale range severely restricts its applicability. The dilemma is that a long-range Bessel beam, the most accessible beam for optical traction, has a small half-cone angle, θ0, making pulling difficult. Here, by simultaneously using several novel and compatible mechanisms, including transverse isotropy, Snell’s law, antireflection coatings (or impedance-matched metamaterials), and light interference, we overcome this dilemma and achieve long-range optical pulling at θ0≈ 1°. The range is estimated to be 14 cm when using ~1 W of laser power. Thus, macroscopic optical pulling can be realized in a medium or in a vacuum, with good tolerance of the half-cone angle and the frequency of the light.

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9

Shvedov, Vladlen, Arthur R. Davoyan, Cyril Hnatovsky, Nader Engheta, and Wieslaw Krolikowski. "A long-range polarization-controlled optical tractor beam." Nature Photonics 8, no. 11 (October 19, 2014): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.242.

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10

Aron, Jacob. "Tractor beam built from rings of laser light." New Scientist 216, no. 2888 (October 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)62734-1.

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11

Wang, Neng, Wanli Lu, Jack Ng, and Zhifang Lin. "Optimized optical “tractor beam” for core–shell nanoparticles." Optics Letters 39, no. 8 (April 9, 2014): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.002399.

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12

Mahdy, M. R. C., Tianhang Zhang, Saikat Chandra Das, and Hamim Mahmud Rivy. "On chip optical tractor beam by surface plasmon polariton." Optics Communications 463 (May 2020): 125395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125395.

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13

Tang, Xiaoyun, Yu Zhang, Yaxun Zhang, Zhihai Liu, Xinghua Yang, Jianzhong Zhang, Jun Yang, and Libo Yuan. "All-Fiber Active Tractor Beam Generator and its Application." Journal of Lightwave Technology 38, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 1420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2953335.

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14

Carretero, Luis, Pablo Acebal, Celia Garcia, and Salvador Blaya. "Helical tractor beam: analytical solution of Rayleigh particle dynamics." Optics Express 23, no. 16 (July 28, 2015): 20529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.020529.

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15

Santiago, Jessica, Sebastian Schuster, and Matt Visser. "Tractor Beams, Pressor Beams and Stressor Beams in General Relativity." Universe 7, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7080271.

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The metrics of general relativity generally fall into two categories: those which are solutions of the Einstein equations for a given source energy-momentum tensor and the “reverse engineered” metrics—metrics bespoke for a certain purpose. Their energy-momentum tensors are then calculated by inserting these into the Einstein equations. This latter approach has found frequent use when confronted with creative input from fiction, wormholes and warp drives being the most famous examples. In this paper, we again take inspiration from fiction and see what general relativity can tell us about the possibility of a gravitationally induced tractor beam. We base our construction on warp drives and show how versatile this ansatz alone proves to be. Not only can we easily find tractor beams (attracting objects), but repulsor/pressor beams are just as attainable, and a generalization to “stressor” beams is seen to present itself quite naturally. We show that all of these metrics would violate various energy conditions. This provides an opportunity to ruminate on the meaning of energy conditions as such and what we can learn about whether an arbitrarily advanced civilization might have access to such beams.

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16

Kotlyar, V. V., A. A. Kovalev, and A. P. Porfirev. "Observation of an optical "angular tractor" effect in a Bessel beam." Computer Optics 42, no. 4 (2018): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2018-42-4-550-556.

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17

Damková, Jana, Lukáš Chvátal, Jan Ježek, Jindřich Oulehla, Oto Brzobohatý, and Pavel Zemánek. "Enhancement of the ‘tractor-beam’ pulling force on an optically bound structure." Light: Science & Applications 7, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 17135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.135.

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18

Mitri, F. G. "Optical Bessel tractor beam on active dielectric Rayleigh prolate and oblate spheroids." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 34, no. 5 (April 6, 2017): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.34.000899.

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19

Essen, Donald, and Muhammad Nur Rahman. "Efficiency and Effectiveness Comparative Analysis of Wide Flange Beams and Cellular Beams in A Case Project United Tractor." Journal of World Conference (JWC) 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v2i2.203.

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United Tractors Company will build a sports center building consist of 3 floors using steel structures. Nowadays, limited land is one of the building development problems. The construction of multi-stored buildings is a solution to the limited land problem. The writer has analyzed beam design with a Wide Flange and Cellular system. Focused on the beam element with construction material in the form of steel with steel quality BJ-37, Fy 240 MPa, Fu 370 MPa. The strength and efficiency of the use of steel tonnage were also analyzed. E-Tabs software 2016 used to steel beam structure analysis. In this beam design planning refers to the steel structure planning following SNI 1729: 2015, SNI 1727: 2013, AISC 2010, ASCE 7-10, and also AISC Design Guide 31. The results of manual verification show that the cross-section of WF 400x200x8x13 and CB 250x125x5x8 with a span length of 6 meters is declared to be strong and safe because fill the strong requirements needs to be smaller than the strength of the plan. The efficiency of the use of Cellular Beam was compared to Wide Flange, the longer of Cellular Beam will increase steel tonnage reductions. The percentage reduction in steel weight will continue to increase when the length of steel usage also increases. This concludes that the use of steel length with steel weight reduction will move linearly. Where in this project with a steel beam length of 1439.27m reduction of steel tonnage was at 19.5%.

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20

Kotlyar, V. V., and A. A. Kovalev. "ANGULAR MOMENTUM DENSITY OF A CIRCULARLY POLARIZED PARAXIAL OPTICAL VORTEX." Computer Optics 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2018-42-1-5-12.

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We obtain general analytic expressions for the angular momentum density of a vectorial circularly polarized paraxial optical vortex. It is shown that for any vortex field with the rotational symmetry and circular polarization, an effect of the “angular tractor” takes place, which means that the flow of light energy rotates around the optical axis clockwise or counter-clockwise at different radii in the beam cross section. It is also shown that on the circles of these radii in the beam cross section, the axial component of the angular momentum density of the vortex light field changes its sign. Thus, microparticles trapped in the vortex beam at different radii will rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise.

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21

Brzobohatý, O., V. Karásek, M. Šiler, L. Chvátal, T. Čižmár, and P. Zemánek. "Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a ‘tractor beam’." Nature Photonics 7, no. 2 (January 20, 2013): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.332.

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22

Hogan, Erik A., and Hanspeter Schaub. "Impacts of Hot Space Plasma and Ion Beam Emission on Electrostatic Tractor Performance." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 43, no. 9 (September 2015): 3115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2015.2451001.

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23

Brzobohatý, O., V. Karásek, M. Šiler, L. Chvátal, T. Čižmár, and P. Zemánek. "Erratum: Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a 'tractor beam'." Nature Photonics 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2013): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.35.

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24

Gao, Dongliang, Andrey Novitsky, Tianhang Zhang, Fook Chiong Cheong, Lei Gao, Chwee Teck Lim, Boris Luk'yanchuk, and Cheng-Wei Qiu. "Unveiling the correlation between non-diffracting tractor beam and its singularity in Poynting vector." Laser & Photonics Reviews 9, no. 1 (November 6, 2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201400071.

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25

Mitri, F. G. "Erratum: “Near-field single tractor-beam acoustical tweezers” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 114102 (2013)]." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 14 (September 30, 2013): 149901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824733.

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26

Carretero, Luis, Pablo Acebal, and Salvador Blaya. "Three-dimensional analysis of optical forces generated by an active tractor beam using radial polarization." Optics Express 22, no. 3 (February 4, 2014): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.003284.

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27

Carretero, L., P. Acebal, C. Garcia, and S. Blaya. "Periodic Trajectories Obtained With an Active Tractor Beam Using Azimuthal Polarization: Design of Particle Exchanger." IEEE Photonics Journal 7, no. 1 (February 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2402123.

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28

Yang, Yang, Quan Cheng, Yuanhao Zhu, Lilei Wang, and Ruoyu Jin. "Feasibility Study of Tractor-Test Vehicle Technique for Practical Structural Condition Assessment of Beam-Like Bridge Deck." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010114.

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The tractor-test vehicle technique of non-destructive testing for indirect measurement of the modal properties of a bridge deck is revisited in this paper with several improvements for possible practical application to the structural condition assessment of a beam-like bridge deck. The effect of damping of the vehicle-bridge system is considered and the modal properties from only the first vibration mode of the structure will be used for a quick and simple assessment. The two test vehicles are designed to have the same modal frequency and damping ratio but with parameters in the follower No.2 test vehicle proportional to those in the follower No.1 test vehicle. This effectively removes the effect of road surface roughness in the response of an equivalent vehicle such that the error in the subsequent condition assessment is reduced. Through data collected on-sitetransmitted to theremote computer platform, a simple technique based on the moment-curvature relationship acceptable to practical engineers is adopted for the condition assessment with improvements in the estimation of the element bending stiffness of the deck. Scenarios with different damping, vehicle speed, road surface roughness, and local damages in the bridge structure are studied with or without temperature effect in the measurement. Through numerical simulations and field tests, the tractor-test vehicle technique of non-destructive testing with the proposed modifications and improvements has been demonstrated to give consistently accurate estimates of the element bending stiffness of the bridge deck but with a small error close to the end of the deck.

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29

Asborno, Magdalena I., Collin G. Burris, and Sarah Hernandez. "Truck Body-Type Classification using Single-Beam Lidar Sensors." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 1 (January 2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118821847.

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Understanding commodity flow through a region is key for estimating the demand for freight transportation facilities and services, forecasting energy consumption, analyzing safety risks, and addressing environmental concerns. Transportation planners and decision makers use commodity flow data to develop and implement long-term freight plans and manage infrastructure. State-of-the-practice commodity flow estimations based on regional socioeconomic data and periodic surveys have limited spatial and temporal coverage. Moreover, no existing methods tie vehicles to commodity movements at the link level. Although intrusive inductive loop detectors can identify the industry served (or commodity carried) by trucks based on the truck’s body type, intrusive sensor performance is limited by pavement quality. Unfortunately, poor pavement conditions are common in locations with high truck volumes. This paper investigates the use of a non-intrusive traffic sensor, Lidar, for high-resolution truck body-type classification. This paper develops a proof-of-concept Lidar sensor and a truck body-type classification model capable of classifying five-axle tractor-trailers into distinct body types: van and container, platform, low-profile trailer, tank, and hopper and end dump. These body-class groups link to commodity movements and provide insight into link-level commodity flows. Data for model development and validation were collected along a major interstate corridor and a low-speed local road. The classification model achieves an 81% true positive rate (TPR) with class-specific TPR as high as 94% and average volume accuracy of 87% for the primary test location. Overall, the proposed sensor represents an adequate proof of concept to evaluate the industry served by trucks on a network link.

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30

Rahman, Md Masudur, Ayed Al Sayem, M. R. C. Mahdy, Md Ehsanul Haque, Rakibul Islam, S. Tanvir-ur-Rahman Chowdhury, and Md Abdul Matin. "Tractor beam for fully immersed multiple objects: Long distance pulling, trapping, and rotation with a single optical set-up." Annalen der Physik 527, no. 11-12 (December 2015): 777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.201500266.

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31

Grant, Andrew. "Matter & energy: Tractor beam tugs on objects with sound: Ultrasound machine pulls on a target visible to the naked eye." Science News 185, no. 8 (April 9, 2014): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591850806.

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32

Teska, Kirk. "Defense Against the Asteroids." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 09 (September 1, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-sep-5.

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This article lists various schemes that have been patented to deal with near-Earth asteroids. NASA surveys the solar system for near-Earth asteroids; schemes to deal with them include a spacecraft to sample their minerals, and a photon momentum plane and a laser tractor beam to deflect them. According to a patent by Gregory A. Piccionelli of Westlake Village, California, nuclear devices are detonated on the moon and propulsion devices are then attached to the resultant moon pieces. These moon pieces are then driven into the incoming meteor to alter its orbit. Another example of a scheme is a NASA patent, which has three or four spacecrafts place a Kevlar loop around an asteroid. The spacecraft then docks on the asteroid and deploys a rigidized photon momentum transfer plane. Photons from the sun strike this reflective surface and alter the position of the asteroid. A start-up by the name of Planetary Resources is also developing technology to mine asteroids.

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33

Prakash, Anand, Shiv Ranjan Kumar, and Rahul Verma. "Vibration analysis of functionally graded materials for cylinder liner used in agricultural engine part." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0024.

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AbstractThe engine part is one of the major sources of vibration of agricultural machinery such as a tractor. Therefore, vibration analysis of agricultural engine part will improve the engine efficiency and agricultural performance. The main objective of present work was to study the dynamic behavior of functionally graded (FG) structural material for the application as cylinder liner as agricultural engine part. The vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) beam was performed using Finite Element Method (FEM). A typical simply-supported FG beam was modeled in COMSOL Software, where the upper portion of the beam was alumina and the lower portion was steel. The basic properties of material such as Young’s Modulus and mass density were varied along the thickness according to the power law. The boundary conditions were also modeled, and parametric study was carried out with mass density and young’s modulus. Eigen value problem was solved and in turn natural frequency and mode shapes were obtained. The frequency ratio was calculated and compared for various boundary conditions. The finding of the results indicated that when power exponent was increased from 0 to 5, the nonlinear reduction in frequency was occurred but when power exponent was increased from 5 to 10, linear reduction in frequency was occurred. Also, the increase in power exponent caused the increase in frequency for Young’s Modulus ratio of 0.25 and 0.5, decrease in frequency for Young’s Modulus ratio of 2 and 4 and no change occurred for Young’s Modulus ratio of 1. The first non-dimensional frequency for Clamped-Clamped boundary condition was comparatively more than other boundary conditions and lowest frequency is obtained for Clamped –Free boundary conditions.

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34

Bulgakov, V. M., V. P. Kuvachov, I. V. Holovach, and Ye I. Ihnatiev. "Investigation of automatic driving of a mobile wide span agricultural vehicle in the wake of a constant technology track." https://journal.imesg.gov.ua, no. 11(110) (August 2020): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-11-1.

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Annotation Purpose. Determination of regularities of influence of parameters of bridge agricultural means and system of its automatic driving in the wake of a constant technological track on kinematics of its onboard (force) turn and development of the basic ways of development of automatic driving theory of specialized wide span agricultural means. Methods. Theoretical researches, synthesis of constructive schemes and parameters of the bridge agricultural means were carried out by modeling on the personal computer of conditions of its functioning. Bases of the theory of a tractor and theoretical mechanics with use of a Mathcad package are the basis for methods of research. Pilot studies of wide span agricultural means and implementation of the offered way of its automatic driving in the wake of a constant technology track with use of a laser beam were carried out in specially equipped laboratory. Results. For theoretical research of process of automatic driving of wide span agricultural means possible conditions of implementation of onboard (power) turn by it are considered. The equivalent scheme of forces and kinematics of onboard turn is constructed, on the basis of which the received analytical expressions which connect among themselves design, kinematic and power data of wide span agricultural means, at which perhaps effective implementation of onboard turn. It is also established that perspective and effective for automation of driving of wide span agricultural means in the wake of a constant technology track with purely onboard (power) method of its turn is uses of a laser beam as trajectory sensor. Thus the received analytical dependence for determination of accuracy of an arrangement of a laser emitter from the left and right side of a constant technology track depending on the set accuracy of giving of a laser beam. Keywords: track and bridge systems of agriculture, wide span agricultural means, driving automation, local positioning systems, theoretical and experimental researches, accuracy.

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35

Прасолов, Є. Я., С. А. Бєловол, Б. С. Черненко, А. В. Ужищенко, and А. В. Шеметюк. "Дослідження безприводного ротаційного органу адаптера до сівалки просапних культур." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2018.03.24.

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Представлено результати розробки безприводного ротаційного органу адаптера до сівалки просапних культур. Проведено аналіз робочих органів ґрунтообробних машин; обґрунтовано ґрунтообробний адаптер; визначено кути афронтальності й нахилу дискового органу; проведено порівняльну оцінку показників твердості ґрунту; визначено раціональні параметри і режими роботи робочого органу; визначено фракційний склад ґрунту та розпушення робочим органом; проведено дослідження з визначення раціонального кута φ робочого органу; встановлено поздовжній профіль насіннєвого ложа; виконано співвідношення ширини і глибини обробленої смуги; визначено коефіцієнти к1 і к2 у формулі тягового опору безприводного ротаційного органу. Для підвищення якості передпосівного обробітку ґрунту запропоновано адаптер із безприводним ротаційним органом до сівалок, який складається з поперечної балки рами, на якій розташовані секції безприводного ротаційного органу. Для копіювання профілю поля кожна секція забезпечена паралелограмною підвіскою і підпружиненою штангою. Крім поперечної балки рама адаптера складається з двох автозчіпок, які слугують для агрегатування з трактором, а автозчеплення з сівалкою, пов'язаних між собою поздовжніми балками. Проведено випробування результатів науково-дослідної роботи, яким підтверджено ефективність та доцільність для використання у господарстві ПП Агрофірма «Анастасія» Глобинського району Полтавської області. The article presents the results of the development of a non-rotating rotational organ of the soil-working adapter to a seed drill of cultivating crops. The analysis of working bodies of soil-working machines was carried out; the constructive-technological scheme of the soil-working adapter is substantiated; defined angles of inclination and inclination of the disc body; comparative estimation of soil hardness indexes; defined rational parameters and operating modes of the working body; determined fractional composition of soil and loosening by the working body; researches have been conducted to determine the rational angle φ of the working organ; the longitudinal profile of the seed bed is established; the ratio of the width and depth of the treated strip is executed; the coefficients k1 and k2 in the formula of the traction resistance of the non-driven rotational body are determined. To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, an adapter with a rotary rotary device to the seeders is proposed. It consists of a transverse beam of a frame, on which, with the help of brackets, there are sections of a non-rotating rotary body. To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, an adapter with a rotary device to the seeders is offered. It consists of a transverse beam of a frame, on which, with the help of brackets, there are sections of a non-rotating rotary body. To copy the field profile, each section is provided with a parallelogram suspension and a spring-loaded rod. In addition to the transverse beam of the adapter frame consists of two auto-scraps, which serve for aggregating with the tractor, and auto-coupling with a drill, connected by a longitudinal beam. The testing of research results has been carried out, which confirms the efficiency and expediency for use in the farm of the PP agricultural firm «Anastasia» in Globyno district, Poltava region.

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36

Fan, Gui Ju, Yong Zhen Wang, and Xiao Hui Zhang. "Development and Experiment of Lifting Platform for Orchards in Hilly Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.111.

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At present, pruning of fruit trees on hills is mainly completed by climbing on trees or ladder, which could cause injury due to poor landform. In order to avoid such kind of risks, it is important to develop a lifting platform for orchards in hilly area. In this paper its structure and working mechanism were introduced. This lifting platform, as a machine, is comprised of power device, elevating mechanism, leveling mechanism, slewing mechanism, supporting mechanism and hydraulic control system, and is driven by a small four-wheel tractor. Its hydraulic system can control hydraulic cylinders to extend and retract so as to lift, lower, rotate or keep platform at horizontal position. By analyzing the machine’s kinematic model, the mode of hydrostatic triangle leveling was determined. In order to simplify the machine’s structure, a cantilever beam was used as a supporting mechanism. After carried out the performance test for the machine, the results show that the machine has the following features: stable working performance, the maximum load up to 150 kg, the lifting height 1.5 m, the rotating speed 1 r/min, the lifting velocity 0.1 m/s, and leveling error in lifting process no more than 2° (no matter on horizontal plane or on slopes). So the machine can be suitable for sloped terrain, and the design requirements are well satisfied.

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37

Fernández-Martínez, M., and J. M. Sánchez-Lozano. "Assessment of Near-Earth Asteroid Deflection Techniques via Spherical Fuzzy Sets." Advances in Astronomy 2021 (March 8, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6678056.

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Extensions of fuzzy sets to broader contexts constitute one of the leading areas of research in the context of problems in artificial intelligence. Their aim is to address decision-making problems in the real world whenever obtaining accurate and sufficient data is not a straightforward task. In this way, spherical fuzzy sets were recently introduced as a step beyond to modelize such problems more precisely on the basis of the human nature, thus expanding the space of membership levels, which are defined under imprecise circumstances. The main goal in this study is to apply the spherical fuzzy set version of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a well-established multicriteria decision-making approach, in the context of planetary defense. As of the extraction of knowledge from a group of experts in the field of near-Earth asteroids, they rated four deflection technologies of asteroids (kinetic impactor, ion beam deflection, enhanced gravity tractor, and laser ablation) that had been previously assessed by means of the classical theory of fuzzy series. This way, a comparative study was carried out whose most significant results are the kinetic impactor being the most suitable alternative and the spherical fuzzy set version of the TOPSIS approach behaves more sensitively than the TOPSIS procedure for triangular fuzzy sets with regard to the information provided by our group of experts.

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38

Sáenz, Juan José. "Laser tractor beams." Nature Photonics 5, no. 9 (August 30, 2011): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.201.

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39

Horiuchi, Noriaki. "Active tractor beams." Nature Photonics 7, no. 1 (December 27, 2012): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.350.

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40

Ben Aissa, H., I. Dallel, D. Sediri, S. Tobji, A. Ben Amor, and F. Ben Amor. "Gestion orthodontique de l’inclusion horizontale des incisives maxillaires : à propos d’un cas clinique." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 52, no. 2 (April 2018): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2018003.

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L’inclusion horizontale des incisives maxillaires présente sans aucun doute un préjudice esthétique et fonctionnel important. Elle pose des difficultés de diagnostic, d’où l’intérêt du cone beam comme, d’une part, un excellent moyen de diagnostic et un guide thérapeutique et, d’autre part, une aide à la décision entre la traction orthodontique ou l’extraction et la réhabilitation prothétique. De ce fait, la mise en occlusion des incisives incluses en position horizontale constitue un défi pour l’orthodontiste. Dans ce travail, nous présentons un cas clinique où nous avons pu tracter deux incisives maxillaires incluses.

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41

Mitri, F. G. "Dynamic acoustic tractor beams." Journal of Applied Physics 117, no. 9 (March 7, 2015): 094903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4914064.

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42

Comar, Alexis, Philippe Burger, Benoit de Solan, Frédéric Baret, Fabrice Daumard, and Jean-François Hanocq. "A semi-automatic system for high throughput phenotyping wheat cultivars in-field conditions: description and first results." Functional Plant Biology 39, no. 11 (2012): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12065.

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A semi-automatic system was developed to monitor micro-plots of wheat cultivars in field conditions for phenotyping. The system is based on a hyperspectral radiometer and 2 RGB cameras observing the canopy from ~1.5 m distance to the top of the canopy. The system allows measurement from both nadir and oblique views inclined at 57.5° zenith angle perpendicularly to the row direction. The system is fixed to a horizontal beam supported by a tractor that moves along the micro-plots. About 100 micro-plots per hour were sampled by the system, the data being automatically collected and registered thanks to a centimetre precision geo-location. The green fraction (GF, the fraction of green area per unit ground area as seen from a given direction) was derived from the images with an automatic segmentation process and the reflectance spectra recorded by the radiometers were transformed into vegetation indices (VI) such as MCARI2 and MTCI. Results showed that MCARI2 is a good proxy of the GF, the MTCI as observed from 57° inclination is expected to be mainly sensitive to leaf chlorophyll pigments. The frequent measurements achieved allowed a good description of the dynamics of each micro-plot along the growth cycle. It is characterised by two periods: the first period corresponding to the vegetative stages exhibits a small rate of change of VI with time; followed by the senescence period characterised by a high rate of change. The dynamics were simply described by a bilinear model with its parameters providing high throughput metrics (HTM). A variance analysis achieved over these HTMs showed that several HTMs were highly heritable, particularly those corresponding to MCARI2 as observed from nadir, and those corresponding to the first period. Potentials of such semi-automatic measurement system are discussed for in field phenotyping applications.

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43

Borysov, Ruslan. "Development of functionalities extension approach and implementation of address routing for IFogSim based simulators." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 2(59) (June 30, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.232810.

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The object of research is an approach of functionality extension for simulation toolkits based on iFogSim. It is assumed by the native approach that enhancement of functionalities should be achieved by inheriting the fog device class and defining new features in its body. However, this approach makes it impossible to use inherited simulators together and significantly decreases flexibility even when utilizing a single simulator. Another problem related exclusively to iFogSim is a specific communication scheme between application modules, which results in data routing limitations in fog architectures and odd data streams taken into account. This paper introduces an alternative extension approach incorporating a peculiar inheritance scheme which tries to reconsider the standard approach from a behavioral design patterns point of view. The key feature of the suggested approach is an extraction of fog device features from the native class into separate behavioral classes. Meanwhile, the designed inheritance scheme allows to flexibly override and combine behaviors. According to the approach principles the developed simulator extends iFogSim with application modules addressing capabilities solving limitations, along with implementing users’ mobility and dynamic wireless connectivity as it is done in MobFogSim. With the aim to check its correctness, the designed toolkit was validated with the standard for iFogSim case study of «EEG Tractor Beam game» application. The validation included four scenarios. In the first two scenarios the features of users’ mobility and dynamic base station connectivity were validated. And in the next scenarios that utilized address routing the obtained delay and network usage values were compared with theoretically calculated ones. The validation results indicated the correct simulator behavior, and introduced functionalities extension approach, being more complex in comparison with the inative one, can significantly improve flexibility of the simulator

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Ellis, Malcolm. "A Scintillating Fibre Tracker for MICE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 16 (June 30, 2005): 3815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05027709.

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The provision of intense stored muon beams would allow the properties of neutrinos to be measured precisely and provide a route to multi-TeV lepton-anti-lepton collisions. The short muon lifetime makes it impossible to employ traditional cooling techniques while maintaining the muon-beam intensity. Ionisation cooling, a process in which the muon beam is passed through a series of liquid hydrogen absorbers followed by accelerating RF-cavities, is the proposed cooling technique. The international Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration has been approved at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and proposes to perform an engineering demonstration of ionisation cooling. The MICE experiment will require the measurement of the momentum and position of muons entering and leaving a section of ionisation cooling channel with high precision and purity in the presence of a large background. The technology chosen to meet this challenge is scintillating fibres readout with Visible Light Photon Detectors. The design, construction and operation of a prototype detector is described, as well as a summary of ongoing research and development activities in preparation for supplying the trackers needed for the MICE experiment.

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Mitri, F. G., R. X. Li, L. X. Guo, and C. Y. Ding. "Optical tractor Bessel polarized beams." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 187 (January 2017): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.09.023.

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Ding, Weiqiang, Tongtong Zhu, Lei-Ming Zhou, and Cheng-Wei Qiu. "Photonic tractor beams: a review." Advanced Photonics 1, no. 02 (March 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024001.

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47

Ivinskaya, A., N. Kostina, M. I. Petrov, A. A. Bogdanov, S. Sukhov, P. Ginzburg, and A. S. Shalin. "Tractor beams at metamaterial substrates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1092 (September 2018): 012132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1092/1/012132.

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48

Gnoli, Daniel, Sajjad Babamohammadi, and Nicholas Fantuzzi. "Homogenization and Equivalent Beam Model for Fiber-Reinforced Tubular Profiles." Materials 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092069.

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The current work presents a study on hollow cylinder composite beams, since hollow cylinder cross-sections are one of the principal geometry in many engineering fields. In particular, the present study considers the use of these profiles for scaffold design in offshore engineering. Composite beams cannot be treated as isotropic ones due to couplings mainly present among traction, torsion, bending and shear coefficients. This research aims to present a simple approach to study composite beams as they behave like isotropic ones by removing most complexities related to composite material design (e.g., avoid the use of 2D and 3D finite element modeling). The work aims to obtain the stiffness matrix of the equivalent beam through an analytical approach which is valid for most of the laminated composite configurations present in engineering applications. The 3D Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is considered for obtaining the correspondent isotropic elastic coefficients. The outcomes show that negligible errors occur for some equivalent composite configurations by allowing designers to continue using commercial finite element codes that implement the classical isotropic beam model.

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49

Crane, Leah. "Gravitational waves could be tractor beams." New Scientist 240, no. 3201 (October 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)31971-7.

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Mitri, Farid G. "Acoustics of finite Bessel tractor beams." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 138, no. 3 (September 2015): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4933999.

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