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Journal articles on the topic 'Traction torque'
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1
Baek, Seung-Yun, Seung-Min Baek, Hyeon-Ho Jeon, et al. "Traction Performance Evaluation of the Electric All-Wheel-Drive Tractor." Sensors 22, no. 3 (2022): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030785.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate the traction performance of an electric all-wheel-drive (AWD) tractor based on the power transmission and electric systems. The power transmission system includes the electric motor, helical gear reducer, planetary gear reducer, and tires. The electric system consists of a battery pack and charging system. An engine-generator and charger are installed to supply electric energy in emergency situations. The load measurement system consists of analog (current) and digital (battery voltage and rotational speed of the electric motor) components using a controller area network (CAN) bus. A traction test of the electric AWD tractor was performed towing a test vehicle. The output torques of the tractor motors during the traction test were calculated using the current and torque curves provided by the motor manufacturer. The agricultural work performance is verified by comparing the torque and rpm (T–N) curve of the motor with the reduction ratio applied. The traction is calculated using torque and specifications of the wheel, and traction performance is evaluated using tractive efficiency (TE) and dynamic ratio (DR). The results suggest a direction for the improvement of the electric drive system in agricultural research by comparison with the conventional tractor through the analysis of the agricultural performance and traction performance of the electric AWD tractor.
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Samsonov, V. A., and Yu F. Lachuga. "Optimization of traction characteristics of agricultural tractors." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 11 (2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66355.
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The productivity of the machine-tractor unit depends on the energy saturation of the tractor. It is assumed that the optimum traction characteristic corresponds to the minimum operating weight of the tractor and its maximum energy saturation, at which the maximum productivity of the machine and tractor unit is achieved with the lowest fuel consumption and compliance with restrictions on tractive effort, slippage and theoretical speed. As a criterion for determining the maximum energy saturation, the maximum efficiency coefficient is adopted with maximum tractive power and maximum tractive efficiency. Calculation of the optimal traction characteristics is an actual task of the theory of the tractor. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology and algorithms for calculating the indicators of the optimal traction characteristics of the tractor when the engine speed of the crankshaft is changed. The objects of research are wheeled and caterpillar tractors of general purpose. Input data: engine and tractor performance indicators; coefficients that characterize the traction and coupling properties of the tractor; the tractor power balance equation; slipping functions; the dependence of the fuel consumption of the engine and its torque on the speed of the crankshaft. The method of research is the calculation using the basic formulas of the theory of the tractor when the speed of the crankshaft is changed by one rotation. Taking into account the accepted values of the nominal engine speed and the torque adaptive factor, the gear ratio is calculated. The calculation procedure for the optimum traction characteristic is developed for tractors with a minimum operating weight, calculated taking into account the nominal tractive effort and the coefficients of using the gravity of the tractors. The maximum energy saturation for each type and traction class of the tractor is determined by calculating the tractive characteristic of the transmission, at which the maximum efficiency factor, traction power and traction efficiency are reached. The main conclusion: the optimum traction characteristic corresponds to the minimum operating weight of the tractor and its maximum energy saturation.
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Kim, Wan-Soo, Yeon-Soo Kim, and Yong-Joo Kim. "Development of Prediction Model for Axle Torque of Agricultural Tractors." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14012.
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HighlightsA prediction model was developed for estimating the axle torque of an agricultural tractor.The model was developed by complementing and modifying a previously proposed traction equation.Compared to the actual axle torque, the proposed model attained MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%.The model predicted axle torque more accurately than the traction force-based prediction model.Abstract. The tractor driving axle torque is an important factor in optimal transmission design and service life evaluation. Axle torque measurement sensor systems are very expensive, and traction force-based axle torque prediction models cannot accurately estimate the axle torque because they do not consider both the conditions of the tractor and the attached implement. Therefore, in this study, a prediction model was developed to estimate the axle torque of an agricultural tractor based on the traction force equation and motion resistance. A load measurement system was established to verify the developed prediction model, and actual field torque data were collected through field tests. The developed prediction model was verified by comparing the results of five reference prediction methods, including weight, engine-rated torque, and three traction equations (Wismer-Luth, ASABE Standard D497.4, and Brixius), using the measured axle torque. Performance evaluation was conducted based on the main variables, including travel speed, tillage depth, and slip ratio. The proposed prediction model was found to be closest to the 1:1 line at all travel speeds, tillage depths, and slip ratios, implying that it can best explain the measured torque values among all prediction models. Compared to the other prediction models, the proposed prediction model’s results under all variable conditions had an R2 of 0.65, MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%, indicating excellent prediction of the measured torque. The results show that the developed prediction model can be applied to axle torque prediction by explaining the actual measured axle torque. Keywords: Agricultural tractor, Axle torque, Prediction model, Torque estimation, Traction force.
4
Wu, Xiao Yu, Zhe Ming Chen, and Ze Hao Huang. "Analysis and Calculation of Electromagnetic Torque for the Voltage Source Traction Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.672.
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The traction motor installed on the high-speed train is powered by inverter. A large number of harmonics may appear when motor is operating. Then the motor speed generate oscillation and finally the dynamic characteristic is affected in vehicle system. In this paper, relied on the electromagnetism of traction motor, the mechanism about emerging harmonic torque is analyzed. In addition, based on the equivalent circuit, the method of calculating the parameters in harmonic circuit is proposed. Two mathematical formulas are also proposed to obtain the fundamental electromagnetic torque and the harmonic electromagnetic torque on traction motor. The time domain and frequency domain distributions of the torques are gained and analyzed. Finally a calculation example of traction motor harmonic torque was analyzed and calculated, and prepared for further study of harmonic torque impacting on vehicle system dynamic performance.
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Park, Min-Jong, Hyeon-Ho Jeon, Jong-Dae Park, et al. "Development of a MBD simulation model for axle torque prediction of an electric agricultural vehicle." Journal of Agricultural Machinery Engineering 4, no. 1 (2024): 51–61. https://doi.org/10.12972/jame.20240006.
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The purpose of this study is to develop an electric all-wheel-drive vehicle simulation model for axle torque prediction. Simulation model was developed using RecurDyn, a multibody dynamics software, and tire-soil interaction parameters were inputted to reflect soil conditions. Driving simulation was performed at a speed of 7.5 km/h, which is the rated speed of driving motor. Traction was inputted between the soil and simulation model, and traction forces were considered as 25, 50, 75, and 100 N. Simulation was conducted for 20 seconds, and for the first 10 seconds, the simulation model was stabilized. As a result of simulation, maximum and average torque was analyzed. On 25 N traction condition, maximum torques of the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels were 19.07, 19.14, 24.37, and 24.37 Nm, respectively. Under 50 N traction conditions, the maximum torques for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels were 19.49, 19.56, 25.95, and 25.95 Nm, respectively. In the case of 75 N traction, maximum torques were 19.93, 20.00, 27.62, and 27.62 Nm for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels, respectively. The maximum torques were 20.33, 20.40, 29.25, and 29.25 Nm for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels, respectively on 100 N traction condition. The average axle torques for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels were approximately 8.96, 8.95, 6.86, and 6.85 Nm on every traction condition, respectively. It was shown that the axle torque was directly proportional to the applied traction forces. It was noticed that for the initial period, torque on the rear axle was higher than the front axle due to the box located on the rear side of simulation model, and torque on the front axle was higher than rear axle after the initial period because the front axle overcomes the rolling resistance. In this study, the axle torques were analyzed based on various traction forces. However, various conditions like weight and tire parameters would be reflected in the future study.
6
Baek, Seung-Yun, Hyeon-Ho Jeon, Wan-Soo Kim, Yeon-Soo Kim, Cheol-Gyu Park, and Yong-Joo Kim. "Data Analysis and Traction Performance Evaluation of an Electric All-Wheel Drive Tractor During Agricultural Operation." Journal of the ASABE 67, no. 5 (2024): 1217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15952.
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Highlights The study evaluated the feasibility of using a new type of platform, the electric AWD tractor, for agricultural operations. The data for key components of the electric AWD tractor during plowing were analyzed. The traction performance of the electric AWD tractor was evaluated via tractive efficiency and dynamic ratio. The electric AWD tractor was expected to replace conventional tractors in terms of traction performance. Abstract. Owing to the increasing need for research on electric all-wheel drive (AWD) systems, an investigation on the AWD systems applicable to tractors was conducted in this study. The experimental platform consisted of an electric power transmission system including four sets of electric motors, helical and planetary reducers, wheels, and an electrical system including chargers, batteries (LiFePO4), converters, and inverters. The drive control system of the electric AWD tractor was divided into the AWD and the motor controller. The data measurement system consisted of analog (current and traction force) and digital (battery voltage, current, motor rotational speed, state of charge (SOC) level, and travel speed) components that communicate using a controller area network (CAN) bus. Data measured during plowing were used to calculate motor power, motor torque, traction power, and driving power to analyze the power consumption of an electric AWD tractor. The traction performance of the electric AWD tractor was evaluated using tractive efficiency, calculated values (traction power and driving power), and dynamic ratio. The maximum and minimum average voltage of the electric AWD tractor during plowing were 72.2 and 64.7 V, respectively, and the average value was measured as 68.2 V. The average value of the maximum current applied to the inverter was 362.4 A, and the mean value was measured as 187.5 A. The average value of the maximum rotational speed of the four motors was 2111.5 rpm, while the mean rotational speed during the operation was 1131.9 rpm. The average value of motor torque was 79.4 Nm. The decrease rate of battery SOC level per minute was calculated as an average of 1.4%/min. The maximum values of the traction and driving power during plowing were 42.0 and 73.7 kW. The maximum tractive efficiency (TE) was 0.77, with an average TE of 0.47. The maximum dynamic ratio (DR) was 0.28, with an average DR of 0.18. The TE of a conventional tractor was found to be a maximum of 0.61, with averages of 0.41, respectively. The average TE of the electric AWD tractor was approximately 14% higher than that of the conventional tractor. Data analysis indicates that the electric AWD tractor performing speed control is vulnerable to slip, and further research is necessary to improve AWD system performance through speed and slip control. Keywords: Data analysis, Data measurement system, Electric AWD tractor, Plowing, Traction performance.
7
Li, Qingtao, Li Liang, Chao Li, Runtao Li, Chongyong Yan, and Shengzhen Liu. "Characteristic Investigation and Torque Distribution Diagram-Based Computational Method for Continuously Variable Power-Split Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6136766.
Full textAbstract:
The key parameter of power-split transmission is the planetary ratio. To obtain various planetary ratios in one transmission system, people use complex systems with multiple planetary gear trains, clutches, and brakes. Another solution is replacing the planetary gear train with a planetary traction drive. However, the participation of the planetary traction drive brings about creep and spin motion, which increase the difficulty of precise calculation. In this study, we investigate the relationships between torques and speeds. Then, we derive the torque and speed distribution formulas that consider the influence of spin torque and creep motion. This study is the first step to precisely calculate the emerging power-split transmission with the planetary traction drive. Based on a contact model and a proposed torque distribution diagram method, this study proposes a fast computational method for calculating the performance of the new continuously variable power-split transmission. The results show that the proposed torque distribution diagram-based computational method is feasible, and the planetary traction drive can be a competitive power-split device for power-split transmission.
8
Liu, Jianhua, Rui Nie, and Zheshu Li. "Multimotors Coordination Control Method for Consistent Total Traction Torque of Electric Locomotives." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2092463.
Full textAbstract:
Multimotors traction is a common driving mode for electric locomotives. The complexity and variability of the operating environment often cause difficulties for one or some traction motors to output the distributed traction torque, which requires the redistribution of the torque output of multimotors to maintain the total traction torque of all motors at a given constant. To this end, a multimotors coordination control method was proposed for consistent total traction torque of electric locomotives. Through this approach, a traction torque-coordinated control structure was constructed on the basis of energy minimisation with an optimal dynamic adjustment mode. The sliding mode tracking control was developed for each independent motor to improve its dynamic response performance. A simulation verification of motors fault types in two different cases was conducted. The results showed that the proposed method could track the total traction torque in a short time, and the system fluctuations in independent motor coordination process were very small.
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Geonea, Ionut, Nicolae Dumitru, Alexandru Margine, and Petre Cristian Copilusi. "Experimental Investigations Concerning Friction from Threaded Assemblies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.33.
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In this research an experimental test rig and method to measure friction torque from screw-nut assemblies is presented. The experimental test rig uses to measure friction torque an elastic cylinder bush with strain gauge transducers. The frictions torque and the traction force from the threaded assembly are transmitted to the elastic cylinder bush and produce elastic deformations. The elastic cylinder is calibrated in order to establish a correlation between elastic deformation and force of solicitation. In order to measure the experimental data the MGCPlus data acquisition system is used. The experimental results obtained are presented, consisting in the dependence between friction torques and axial traction force occurred in the screw.
10
Goolak, Sergey, Borys Liubarskyi, Ievgen Riabov, Vaidas Lukoševičius, Artūras Keršys, and Sigitas Kilikevičius. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Traction Drive Control Systems of Electric Locomotives with Asynchronous Traction Motors." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093689.
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An analysis of the operating conditions of the traction drives of an electric rolling stock with asynchronous traction motors was conducted. In the process of operation, the electric traction drive with both direct torque control and vector control was found to possibly experience unstable modes, both in terms of power supply and load. The models of electric locomotive traction drives with asynchronous electric motors with either vector or direct torque control were adapted to account for the possible presence of the aforementioned operational factors. As a result of the modeling, the starting characteristics of the electric traction drives with different control systems were obtained both in the absence and in the presence of power supply and load disturbances. The following cases were investigated for the drive with vector and direct torque control in the absence of power supply and torque disturbances: drive output at the rated speed of rotation of the electric motor shaft; 10% reduction in the rated speed; 10% increase in the rated speed. The comparison of the results obtained has demonstrated that, at lower than nominal frequencies, the electric traction drive with direct torque control has higher accuracy in its regulation of the rotational speed and torque, lower power consumption from the power supply, lower torque overshooting, but a higher level of torque pulsations than the electric traction drive with vector control. Meanwhile, at higher than nominal frequencies, the vector control has higher accuracy in its regulation of the speed, lower torque overshooting, shorter duration of transient processes, and lower torque pulsations than the direct torque control. Moreover, as a result of the investigations, the traction drive with direct torque control has been found to be more resistant to power supply and load disturbances. The results of this work are applicable to the investigation of the influence of electric traction drive control methods on the energy efficiency of the traction drive of an electric locomotive with an alternating current (AC).
11
Amoroso, Pedro, Aleks Vrček, and Matthijn de Rooij. "A Novel Tribometer and a Comprehensive Testing Method for Rolling-Sliding Conditions." Machines 11, no. 11 (2023): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11110993.
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This study introduces a method based on fine torque control to evaluate traction in rolling—liding line contacts under small slide-to-roll ratios (SRRs). To accomplish this, we engineered an innovative testing machine—a two-roller tribometer capable of precisely applying resisting torques to one of the rollers. Two types of tests were designed and conducted to validate our method and showcase the capabilities of the novel test setup. The first type, named the “Traction Decay Test”, proved to be effective in evaluating changes in the SRR over time. The second, named the “Torque-Mode Traction Test”, demonstrated its effectiveness in achieving ultra-low SRRs, in the order of 0.01%. As a result, traction curves with high resolution in the low SRR domain were constructed. This advancement provides the means for gaining a deeper understanding of traction coefficients, wear behavior, and tribological performance at ultra-low SRRs across diverse applications.
12
Yan, Xianghai, Hui Zhang, Xianzhe Li, Yanying Li, and Liyou Xu. "Control Strategy of Torque Distribution for Hybrid Four-Wheel Drive Tractor." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 7 (2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14070190.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the analysis of the operating conditions of the tractor, a Hybrid four-wheel drive tractor is proposed, and formulate the torque distribution control strategy based on fuzzy control, to control the driving wheel slip rate of the Hybrid four-wheel drive tractor in the high traction efficiency operating range of the tractor. The vehicle model of the Hybrid four-wheel drive tractor is established in AVL-CRUISE software, and the torque distribution control strategy based on fuzzy control is established in MATLAB/Simulink software. The AVL-CRUISE and MATLAB/Simulink co-simulation was carried out based on the plowing condition of the tractor. The simulation results show that the torque distribution control strategy based on fuzzy control can control the driving wheel slip rate of the Hybrid four-wheel drive tractor in the high traction efficiency operating range, the power performance of the Hybrid four-wheel drive tractor is improved, while the engine runs smoothly and is always in the high-efficiency range of engine operation, and the economy is better.
13
Samsonov, V. A., and Yu F. Lachuga. "Calculation of the parameters of the corrector section of the speed characteristics tractor engine." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 5 (2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66390.
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One of the main indicators of the corrector section of the high-speed characteristics of the tractor engine is its torque adaptability factor. The article describes the method of General solution of the problem of calculation of this coefficient. The method is to minimize the difference between the two functions (optimality criterion): the first - the dependence of the denominator of the geometric series of gears on the coefficient of adaptability, the second-the dependence of the denominator on the tractor power range, that is, the ratio of the tangential thrust force in the last gear to the same force in the first gear. Taking into account the found coefficient of adaptability by the moment, the rotation frequency of the motor shaft at the maximum torque, the coefficient of adaptability of the engine by the shaft speed, the traction and speed ranges, the theoretical speed in the last gear are determined. The speed of the shaft at the maximum torque is determined from the condition that the engine load factor by power at the maximum torque is equal to 0,85. The power range is determined by the results of minimization of the optimality criterion, the speed range is equal to C-low. The speed of the tractor in the last gear is determined taking into account the given speed in the first gear and the found speed range. The generally accepted range of minimum values of the coefficient of adaptability, based on the time increase in traction resistance, is 1,15...1,20. In some modern tractor engines, this co-efficiency is greater than 1,2. The aim of the article is to optimize the interval of adaptability coefficient values greater than 1,2. The object of study - the engine of a wheeled tractor traction class 3. The initial material-nomi-nal traction and weight of the tractor, its traction range, the interval of theoretical speed in first gear. Research methods-nel programming using the minimization of the convex function; approximation of the linear function of the torque dependence on the current speed of the shaft. The main conclusion: given the accepted criterion of optimality, constraints, and the coefficient of variation moment of resistance of the optimum the coefficient of adaptability at the twisting mo-ment of tractor engines comply with the interval of 1,27 to 1,45.
14
Wang, Neng Jian, Li Jie Zhou, Qiang Song, and De Fu Zhang. "Simulation Research on Braking Safety Properties of Aircraft Traction System." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.705.
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The jack-knifing tendency of aircraft traction system during braking was discussed and analyzed using multi-body dynamics models that consist of aircraft-towing tractor, aircraft draw link and aircraft. The braking critical conditions of the aircraft traction system for straight-line braking and turning braking were discussed and analyzed respectively. In the case of straight-line braking, the effect of friction coefficient on the maximum braking torque is described. In the case of turning braking, the relationship between the maximum baking torque and relative angle is obtained.
15
Belyaev, Alexander, Tatiana Trishina, and Dmitry Afonichev. "LOADING OF THE TRACTOR'S DRIVING WHEELS AS PART OF THE COMBINED UNIT." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 3 (June 28, 2024): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2024-3-85-91.
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The load on the driving wheels of the tractor as part of the combined unit was studied. Energy-saturated universal row-crop integrated circuit tractor of class 2 with driving twin wheels of the same size, performing a technological operation in the inter-rows of row crops as part of a mounted wide-cut combined unit KRSh-8.1+NP-5.4+LTZ-155+KRSh-8.1 was used as a research object. The strain gauge method was used to determine the output load characteristics; paper-based wire strain gauges were used as the primary signal source, and inductive non-contact accelerometer and trackmeasuring wheel sensors were used to evaluate kinematic parameters. The results of processing a large number of oscillograms showed that with an increase in the forward speed of the tractor, the total traction force of the cultivators also increases. The reason is an increase in the frequency of dynamic effects of soil resistance on the working parts of mounted equipment and the microprofile of the supporting surface on the tractor wheels, and the higher the speed, the more intense the traction force increases. It has been established that an increase in the total traction force of cultivators leads to an increase in torque on the wheels of the tractor, with the rear linkage and rear axle being loaded more than the front ones by 15...20%. Based on the torque value, the traction and energy performance of the tractor as part of the unit is assessed, and the engine power utilization factor is determined. Based on the amount of power expended to overcome the traction force from the working equipment when performing a particular technological operation, it is possible to optimize the combined unit, both in terms of speed and load modes. The dependence of the wheel slip coefficient on traction force was obtained, which allows not only to determine the magnitude and intensity of tractor wheel slip, but also to evaluate the traction properties of the soil, which determine the traction capabilities of an agricultural wheeled tractor.
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Li, Hao, Zheng He Song, and Bin Xie. "Plowing Performance Simulation and Analysis for Hybrid Electric Tractor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.505.
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According to plowing operation characteristics, a case study on a parallel HET (hybrid electric tractor) with the torque combinator is conducted to develop a plowing operation performance simulation system. The mathematical models of drive equilibrium, battery, power combinator and control system are established respectively. A simulation system for evaluating the tractive performance, fuel economy, battery characteristics and controller performance of HET is developed in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results suggest that: in this HET, the output torque and traction vary in a large range with the variations in the operation modes and SOC level of the battery; in the common interval of SOC (0.4~0.7), compared with the traditional tractor, HET can achieve larger output torque with a fuel consumption reduction of 18% ~20% in discharge mode; with the capability of keeping the battery charge-discharge stage stable and guaranteeing the SOC variation in a small range, the controller meets with the requirements of plowing operation and benefits the stability of the tractor power and the extension of battery life cycle.
17
Ovsyannikov, E. M., B. A. Ivobotenko, V. M. Yurkevich, and E. M. Koshelyev. "Direct torque control of asynchronous traction motor." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-1 (2013): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68300.
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This paper proposes a new system of direct torque control of asynchronous traction motor with space vector modulation of voltage supply. The results of the simulation of traction asynchronous traction motor show advantages of the developed control system: simplicity of implementation, high dynamic performance and small fluctuations of the electromagnetic torque.
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Klimov, Alexander V. "Algorithm for forming traction and braking torque settings at the shaft of a traction motor by means of a single pedal." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 17, no. 3 (2023): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-321668.
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BACKGROUND: Transport service providers and consumers specify requirements to vehicles for increasing energy efficiency, cost reduction, as well as improving ergonomics and comfort. Fuel costs are among the significant costs, so it is very promising to use vehicles with electric drives, such as battery-powered electric vehicles. It is very important for them to have energy-efficient control of traction drives that are the main sources of energy loss, characterized by high efficiency that helps to increase single-charge mileage. To achieve this, it is necessary to form the settings of the requested engine torque using the accelerator pedal only, taking into account traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics over the entire velocity range.
 AIMS: Development of the fundamentals and the law of determining the settings of the traction and regenerative torque of a traction electric drive, the run-out mode depending on motion velocity and the accelerator pedal position, taking into account the required level of comfort and ergonomics of control.
 METHODS: The law of determining the setting of the traction and regenerative torque of the traction electric drive, the run-out mode were modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink software package.
 RESULTS: The fundamentals of building the law of determining of the setting of the traction and regenerative torque of the traction electric drive, the run-out mode for effective control, increasing ergonomics and comfort of a vehicle, as well as the results of virtual simulation of the formation of settings in the MATLAB/Simulink in conditions close to the operational are given in the paper.
 CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed law for determining the setting of the traction and regenerative torque of the traction electric drive, the run-out mode for the development of a traction drive control system for transport vehicles.
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Klimov, Alexander V. "The observer of traction electromagnetic torque at the shaft of a traction electric motor." Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 90, no. 5 (2023): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-472138.
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BACKGROUND: Currently, the requirements to energy efficiency of transport vehicles are more and more tightened due to service cost reduction. Energy efficiency is the most relevant for them as it directly influences on the key feature — maximum mileage. Therefore it is necessary to control electric motors in a way to ensure maximal surface grip coefficient excluding propulsors’ slipping, as well as to establish operation modes of motors and switching between the modes to the one having the maximal efficiency. In this case, for effective control, it is necessary to define electromagnetic torque at the shaft of an electric motor and resistance torque at wheels rapidly for generating corresponding control and correcting exposures.
 AIMS: Development of the theoretical basis and the law of estimation the electromagnetic torque at the shaft of a traction electric motor of transport vehicles for the sake of efficient control of traction electric drive and its diagnostics.
 METHODS: Simulation of the observer of the electromagnetic torque at the shaft of a traction electric motor was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink software package.
 RESULTS: The article provides with theoretical basis of formatting the law of optimal estimation of the electromagnetic torque at the shaft of a traction electric motor of transport vehicles for the sake of efficient control of traction electric drive, its diagnostics, as well as the results of simulation the law of estimation of the electromagnetic torque at the shaft of a traction electric motor obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink.
 CONCLUSIONS: Practical value of the study lies in ability of using the proposed observer for development of control system and diagnostics of transport vehicles.
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Thu Anh, An Thi Hoai, and Ngo Manh Tung. "Speed control for traction motor of urban electrified train in field weakening region based on backstepping method." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 3 (2024): 1504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i3.5209.
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Tractor motors always operate in the speed region higher than rated speed, but is limited to the module of the stator current, stator voltage vectors. Additionally, mathematical model of traction motor has shown nonlinearity through the product of the state variables 𝑖𝑠𝑑, 𝑖𝑠𝑞 with the input variable 𝜔𝑠:𝜔𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑞, 𝜔𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑑. Therefore, this paper focuses on the study of speed control of traction motors in weakening field region while optimizing torque control, and choosing the backstepping method in designing speed–flux controller in order to solve the nonlinear structure. The simulation results of the responses: speed, torque, power, and flux performed on MATLAB/Simulink software with parameters collected from metro Nhon-Hanoi Station, Vietnam have proven the correctness in theoretical research.
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Klimov, Aleksandr V. "Synthesis of an adaptive observer of the resistance torque at a shaft of a traction electric motor." Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 90, no. 2 (2023): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-119856.
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BACKGROUND: Operating companies and consumers have demands to vehicles for efficiency improvement and cost cut. A part of substantial expenses is fuel cost, therefore use of vehicles with electric drive such as hybrid or pure electric (battery-electric) has potential for agriculture. It is mainly important for them to have the drivetrain characterized by high efficiency that increases autonomous mileage for one charge. To achieve this, it is necessary to control electric motors in the way to ensure maximal surface grip coefficient without wheel slipping. In this case, real-time defining of wheel resistance torque in necessary for efficient control.
 AIMS: Development of the theoretical basis and the law of optimal estimation of the resistance torque at a shaft of traction electric motor of transport vehicles for the sake of efficient control of traction electric drive.
 METHODS: Simulation of the law of optimal estimation of the resistance torque at a shaft of traction electric motor was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink software package.
 RESULTS: The article provides with theoretical basis of formatting the law of optimal estimation of the resistance torque at a shaft of traction electric motor of transport vehicles for the sake of efficient control of traction electric drive, the law of optimal estimation of the resistance torque at a shaft of traction electric motor and the results of simulation of the law of optimal estimation of the resistance torque at a shaft of traction electric motor obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink.
 CONCLUSIONS: Practical value of the study lies in ability of using the proposed control laws for development of transport vehicles drivetrain control system.
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Liu, Mengnan, Liyou Xu, and Zhili Zhou. "Design of a Load Torque Based Control Strategy for Improving Electric Tractor Motor Energy Conversion Efficiency." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2548967.
Full textAbstract:
In order to improve the electrical conversion efficiency of an electric tractor motor, a load torque based control strategy (LTCS) is designed in this paper by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). By mathematically modeling electric-mechanical performance and theoretical energy waste of the electric motor, as well as the transmission characteristics of the drivetrain, the objective function, control relationship, and analytical platform are established. Torque and rotation speed of the motor’s output shaft are defined as manipulated variables. LTCS searches the working points corresponding to the best energy conversion efficiency via PSO to control the running status of the electric motor and uses logic and fuzzy rules to fit the search initialization for load torque fluctuation. After using different plowing forces to imitate all the common tillage forces, the simulation of traction experiment is conducted, which proves that LTCS can make the tractor use electrical power efficiently and maintain agricultural applicability on farmland conditions. It provides a novel method of fabricating a more efficient electric motor used in the traction of an off-road vehicle.
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Antoshchenkov, Roman, Galina Cherevatenko, Vadim Zadorozhny, Oleksandr Svitlichny, and Mikita Kuskov. "Research of the dynamics of the all-wheel-drive tractor-transport machine." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, no. 3 (2023): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-3-51.
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The study results of the dynamic and traction-energy performance of an all-wheel drive traction-transport vehicle have been presented. A diagram of a dynamic model of the transmission of an all-wheel drive traction-transport vehicle and a system for calculating the transmission dynamics in the Cauchy form has been compiled. The method makes it possible to determine the distribution of the coil fluids of the transmission elements of a traction-transport vehicle, the distribution of torque moments, and the distribution of additional traction forces on the wheels per hour. The method allows you to determine the optimal transmission parameters, differential design, and transmission numbers to improve the traction and fuel-economic performance of the machine. It has been established that the speed of the front wheels of a traction and transport vehicle is 1.29 rad/s, 1.27 rad/s, and the speed of the rear wheels is 1.24 rad/s, 1.25 rad/s, which should be carried out until kinematic instability and additional energy consumption. The torque values of the front drive wheels are 6972 N m, and the rear drive wheels are 4622 N m. The additional traction forces on the car's front wheels are 5478 N after the car's acceleration is completed, and on the rear wheels, they are 347 3 N. To verify the adequacy of the method for assessing the dynamics of an all-wheel drive transmission, Wheeled traction, and transport vehicles have been developed to simulate the dynamics and energy systems of mobile vehicles—experimental research of the machine on the butt of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor with an articulated frame. The difference between the values of the heel fluids of the wheel wraps, theoretically and experimentally, is 2%, which indicates a significant loss of the heel fluids by the wheel dynamics sensors. A comprehensive method for assessing the transmission dynamics of an all-wheel drive traction and transport vehicle must be considered adequate. The robotic method can be used to assess the dynamics of wheeled vehicles in motor vehicles. Keywords: cutting speed, torque, traction force, transmission, traction, and transport vehicle.
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Speth, Peter, Andreas Hummler, Michael Buchholz, and Klaus Dietmayer. "Instability detection of the tire-road contact and torque control for wheel-individual driven vehicles." at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, no. 1 (2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0091.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Traction control for vehicles with wheel individual drives is a challenging task, since the wheel slips are unknown when each wheel transfers a torque. This contribution presents an approach which deals with this problem especially for electrical vehicles, where the drive torques can be changed very fast in comparison to vehicles with combustion engines. The algorithm is based on two filters. The first filter is an adaptive Kalman filter which is used to detect fast changes in the stability conditions of the wheels. The filter also delivers a valuation for the torque to which the drive torque has to be reduced to get the wheel stable again. The second filter estimates the wheel slip. It is based on a simplified expression of the slip dynamics in combination with a special reset strategy for low slip situations. This filter allows detection of slow changes in the stability conditions. All filters are wheel individual and use only standard sensor information. No tire model is needed for the filters to work. A simple reflexive traction controller, which is based on a state machine, computes the drive torques in dependence on the stability criteria based on the filter outputs.
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Gao, You Shan, Zhi Song, Ai Hong Wang, and Ze Kun Jin. "Dynamic Simulation for Rolling Impact Compaction Machine." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1610.
Full textAbstract:
Through established the simulation model for the engine and the traction host powertrain of rolling impact compaction machine, Simulated the working load with time history with the simulation parameters of rolling impact compaction machine. The simulation accuracy was verified by compared between the test speed and the simulation speed. The speed, turbine torque, torque converter efficiency, torque converter, gear ratios, fuel consumption, engine power, torque are dynamic changes follow with the alternating load and slope load so as to adapt to the dynamic drag torque fluctuations. Traction host power must be equipped with a full host transmission of the internal combustion engine. Driveline should be hydraulic transmission fluid or hydraulic machinery.
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Kamar, Syamsul, Meiyanne Lestari, Hilda Luthfiyah, Okghi Adam Qowiy, Eko Syamsuddin Hasrito, and Sofwan Hidayat. "Determination analysis of main dimensions of induction motors for railway propulsion system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 14, no. 3 (2025): 1727–34. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v14i3.8554.
Full textAbstract:
Induction motors are used in industrial production processes. As for its use as a traction motor, it requires special design and manufacture. The type of induction motor that is widely chosen as a traction motor for railways is a squirrel-cage three-phase induction motor. The main consideration for the selection or design of an induction motor as a railway traction motor is the torque requirement to drive the train. Other parameters that are considered in the selection of an induction motor as a traction motor include available spaces for installation. This research is using a three-phase, 2,300 VAC, 480 kW, and 50 Hz induction motor. By using the application program for determining the parameters of the induction motor, it shows that the motor produces a moderate output coefficient (between maximum and minimum) and produces a torque greater than induction motor torque in general. As a result of the analysis, this induction motor is suitable to be used as a motor for the railway, where greater torque is required.
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Savos'kin, Anatoliy, Anton Chuchin, and Aleksey Kalyakulin. "elektroAnalysis of the Load Transmission from the Locomotive Two-Axle Bogie Wheels to the Rails at the Torque Development in a Traction Motor." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 22, no. 1 (2025): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2025-1-112-120.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To determine vertical load changes transmitted from two-axle locomotive bogie wheel-sets to the rails at the torque development in traction electric motors that deteriorate the wheel-rail adhesion. To achieve the set goal, a design model have been performed and the starting torque developing during the electric motor traction transmission have been defined. This torque is expressed through the interaction forces of the traction elements transferred to the bogie frame and to the wheelset axles. To determine the vertical force changes from each wheelset to the rails due to the action of the traction motor torque. Methods: Application of the theoretical mechanics laws; formulation and solution of equilibrium equations. Results: In a locomotive two-axle bogie, consecutive wheels bear contrarily directed loads of the same magnitude. Particularly, for 2(3) ES5K electric locomotives, such redistribution of vertical loads will amount to 3.1% of the axle load. Practical significance: The research results can be used for the development of automatic control systems for wheel-rail adhesion
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Kholodilin, I. Yu, A. V. Korzhov, M. A. Grigoriev, Yu I. Khokhlov, and N. V. Savosteenko. "Highly efficient electric drive with vision system for traction applications in heavy tracked vehicles." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 180 (2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-180-41-47.
Full textAbstract:
A new type of electric motor as a traction drive DET400 based on a field regulated reluctance machine (FRRM) provides high energy efficiency and high specific torque. A comparison is made between FRRM and various types of traction electric drives. The issues of designing the FRRM are considered, the geometric parameters of the electric machine are optimized to achieve the maximum specific indicators. To expand the functionality and ensure operational safety, it is proposed to introduce computer vision into the electronic control system. As a result, the FRRM is designed for traction applications based on the real requirements of a Russian-made crawler tractor.
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Lingaitis, Leonas Povilas, and Lionginas Liudvinavičius. "ELECTRIC DRIVES OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCKS WITH AC MOTORS." TRANSPORT 21, no. 3 (2006): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2006.9638070.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers the variation of circuit design of the electric drives in traction rolling stocks when traditional DC electric machines are replaced with AC electric machines. Simplified circuit diagrams of the electric drives using electric machines of non‐commutator type are offered. Operational defects of DC traction engines are weighed against some positive characteristics of direct current series excitation in traction engines, determining their extensive use in the electric drives of traction rolling stocks. However, the rapid development of semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristors and IGBT transistors, led to the creation of a great variety of semiconductor inverters. This made it possible to develop an autonomous three‐phase power supply system for diesel locomotives and algorithms for the AC traction motors and to obtain engine characteristics matching the tractive force by using voltage frequency and current inverters. A mathematical justification of the engine torque and tractive force control as well as its particular characteristics is provided. The graphs demonstrating the particular ways of changing the electrical parameters of an asynchronous motor with a squirrel‐cage rotor are also presented.
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Zhu, Xiao Yu, and Jian Yong Zuo. "Power Consumption Analysis of High-Speed Train’s Brake Discs." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.120.
Full textAbstract:
Apart from the aerodynamic drag produced by transitional motion of high-speed train, the rotational parts of the train, especially the ventilated discs mounted on axles, would also cause resistance torques due to air pumping effect, which consume traction power. In this paper the train running process is divided into traction, uniform running and braking three phases, then the power consumed by the brake discs as well as the proportion of which in total traction or braking power during the three periods is calculated based on kinetic energy theorem. The results indicate that, during traction and uniform running period, the power consumption of brake discs shares 2.84% and 12.87% of total traction power, and in brake stage, the proportion is 0.78%. What is more, in the uniform running phase, the proportion of brake discs power consumption caused by resistance torque can reach to 7.68%. If the air inlet of brake disc is blocked during traction and uniform running period to weaken air pumping effect, the useless power consumption can be effectively reduced and the traction efficiency can be improved.
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Zheng, Xiang Pan, and Shu Mei Chen. "Analysis and Design of MRF Elevator Traction Transmission Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.395.
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A magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) elevator traction transmission is a device to transmit torque by the shear force of MR fluid. The development and principle of MRF transmission device are presented. Then the design method of the MRF transmission is investigated theoretically. The model of the torque transmitted by the MR fluid within the brake is derived to provide the theoretical foundation in the MRF elevator traction transmission design of the brake. Based on this model, after mathematical manipulation, the calculations of the structure and width of the MRF elevator traction transmission are yielded.
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Han, Shuo, Xiaohua Xiao, Jianguo Zhao, Xin Zhao, and Ruifan Yang. "Static Characteristics of Friction Block Teeth of Coiled Tubing Drilling Robot." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072201.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional downhole traction robots only provide axial traction, while coiled tubing drilling (CTD) robots must not only overcome the axial force but also overcome the reaction torque generated by the drill bit breaking the rock. Therefore, the tooth profile of the friction block of the conventional downhole traction robot cannot achieve effective support under the simultaneous action of the axial load and circumferential load. In this paper, based on the actual reaction torque conditions generated by CTD, a mechanical model of the friction block teeth of the CTD robot under the conditions of axial traction and reverse torque is established. This reveals the influence of different tooth slope angles, axial-included angles and friction coefficients on the mechanical properties. It provides guidelines for the design of the inclination of the tooth slope, the axial angle of the tooth and the friction coefficient of the friction block of the CTD robot. It has scientific and engineering significance for the promotion of downhole robots in drilling engineering.
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Bizhaev, А. V., S. M. Vetrova, A. S. Barchukova, and N. S. Krivyh. "Using individual tractor wheel drive through electric traction." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 18, no. 2 (2024): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-2-78-85.
Full textAbstract:
In agriculture, tractors serve as the principal machinery for performing traction and driving operations. They are mainly powered by diesel engines with an efficiency of about 40 percent. Electric motors boast an efficiency of 95 percent, presenting the opportunity to serve as independent drives for tractor wheels. The study review existing individual wheel drive systems, revealing operational efficiency improvements of up to 20 percent. A comparative analysis was conducted between tractors using traditional power units and those equipped with electric drive systems. The study also examined factors affecting tractor traction and explored methods to enhance the traction capabilities of these vehicles. (Research purpose) The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using electric traction for individual drive systems in tractor wheels. (Materials and methods) A concept for controlling individual wheel drives has been developed, as well as an algorithm specifically for managing electric wheels. Additionally, a method has been proposed for detecting slippage, which triggers the switching of the electric wheel drive to the appropriate mode. Furthermore, a new indicator, the «slip factor,» has been introduced to correlate slip with adhesion coefficients. The value of this parameter is used as a criterion for transitioning the electric drive to a different operational mode. (Results and discussion) Traction tests were conducted on the MTZ-82.1 tractor across various supporting surfaces. The measured slip factors were as follows: 0.71 for a cropped field, 0.86 for stubble, 1.19 for fallow land, and 1.74 for asphalt pavement. To accurately assess the wheel’s performance under real conditions, torque measurements were taken using a specialized locking device. These measurements revealed angular displacements of the shaft by 0.2 degrees when subjected to a tangential traction force of 3 kilonewtons on the wheel. (Conclusions) The slip factor for the MTZ-82.1 tractor has been determined. A mathematical model has been proposed that links the wheel’s adhesion properties with slipping. The model proves to be applicable up to a slip limit of 30 percent. This multifactorial approach enables the creation of an adaptive program to enhance wheel efficiency. Additionally, the capability to measure wheel torque has been established.
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Bandel, P., and C. Di Bernardo. "A Laboratory Facility for the Study of Rubber Traction and Wear Resistance." Tire Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (1990): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141700.
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Abstract Phenomena occurring at the interface between the tread compound and the road surface are responsible for at least two main tire characteristics: traction capability and wear resistance. Both depend on the road surface geometry, the presence of thin films of water, local contact pressure, tread element stiffness, temperature, tangential slip, etc. To discount the effect of tire construction, a laboratory test using a small solid rubber wheel has been considered. A rig is designed to easily change the “road” surface, and convert it from wet to dry conditions, run the rubber wheel on such surfaces under high braking or driving torque, and measure torque against longitudinal slip. The rig features a flat disk on which different surfaces can be simulated and two separate electric motors driving the disk and the test wheel in order to control slip instead of torque and to avoid instability at high driving or braking torques. Results show longitudinal characteristics versus slip in different test conditions and simulation of severe abrasion conditions leading to typical abrasion patterns.
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Hu, Jian Jun, Zheng Bin He, Peng Ge, and Da Tong Qin. "Research on Control Strategy of Traction Control for Four Wheel Drive Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 1242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.1242.
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In order to improve the performance of four wheel driver vehicle, structural characteristics of inter-axle torque distribution with planetary gear are analyzed, and a dynamic model of four wheel drive vehicle is established. A synthetic control strategy was proposed to achieve the engine throttle control, inter-axle torque distribution control and drive wheel brake control. Traction control system based on fuzzy logic control is designed. The simulation of traction control on split-µ road and low-µ road are carried out. The results show that, the traction control system for four wheel drive vehicle based on fuzzy control can prevent excessive slip of driving wheels, and vehicle traction property and dynamic performance are improved obviously.
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DOROFEEV, O. V., V. I. VOROBYEV, M. I. BORZENKOV, O. V. IZMEROV, and S. N. ZLOBIN. "TRACTION DRIVE OF LOCOMOTIVES WITH HIGH MOMENTUM COLLECTOR TRACTION ELECTRIC MOTOR." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 2 (2021): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-346-2-118-129.
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The issues of development of traction drives of locomotives are considered. It was found that with the existing limitations of the traction force and the speed of continuous operation, asynchronous traction motors do not have clear advantages over collector motors. The possibility of creating collector motors for electric locomotives with a power equal to the used asynchronous ones has been proved, new technical solutions have been proposed for units that ensure the reliability of the latter when using high-torque motors (elastic gearwheel with chevron teeth, two-layer rubber-metal hinge, rubber-cord clutch options), as an optimal solution for the drive with collector motors, it is proposed to use a drive with a support frame motor and an axial gearbox. The directions of research necessary for the practical implementation of drives with a high-torque traction motor are determined, it is proposed to conduct research on the feasibility of creating diesel locomotives with bogies, unified with electric locomotives. The proposed solutions received two patents for inventions, eight patents for utility models, two patent applications were filed.
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Parhomenko, S. G., and G. G. Parhomenko. "Mathematical modeling of functioning of a tillage machine-tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 4 (2018): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66405.
Full textAbstract:
The soil-cultivating machine-tractor unit undergoes continuously changing external influences that lead to fluctuations in the speed of movement, slippage of the tractor's driving wheels, loading of the transmission, and increased fuel consumption. The main sources of disturbances that cause the oscillations of the tractor are the unevenness of the traction resistance of the tillers and the unevenness of the field microprofile. The purpose of the research is to improve the process of functioning of the soil-processing machine-tractor unit by modeling of the influence of external action. The mathematical model of the process of operation of a wheeled tractor in the traction mode of operation is a machine-tractor unit in the form of a dynamic system with two input forces, determined by the load on the working elements and the roughness of the relief. The mathematical model includes the equations of the motor and the regulator, the clutch, the power transmission, the driving wheel and the longitudinal-vertical oscillations of the tractor. The solution of the mathematical model of the machine-tractor unit is based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method at a constant step. Calculations are made for the motion of the unit with periodic sinusoidal disturbances applied to the input of the model. As a result of calculations, it is determined that the effect of the microfield of the field and the traction resistance of the working bodies on the performance of the machine-tractor unit is different. The greatest amplitudes of vertical accelerations are achieved due to the effect of field unevenness. Fluctuations in the speed of movement, hectare fuel consumption, engine torque are caused by the periodic component of traction resistance of low frequency, and slippage and driving torque of the wheels - as well as unevenness of the field microfilm. The average values of the slippage of the tractor's driving wheels and hectare fuel consumption are mainly affected by the oscillations of the traction resistance. The use of diagonal-parallel tires instead of radial makes it possible to reduce the slipping of the tractor's drive wheels from 24 % (when working on serial tires) to 16 % (on test tires) and to reduce the hectare fuel consumption by 6 %.
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Avrunin, Grygoriy, Mikhail Podrigalo, Anton Yeremenko, and Irina Moroz. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC MOTOR-WHEELS IN TRANSMISSIONS HIGH-SPEED TRACTORS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Hydraulic machines and hydraulic units, no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2411-3441.2023.2.03.
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Goal. The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of developing a hydraulic fluid power in accordance with the standard traction-speed characteristics of the KhTZ-17021 wheeled tractor with the of using gearless drives of the driving wheels. For this purpose, the calculation of the hydraulic fluid power of the wheeled tractor was performed when using the latest radial piston multi-cycle hydraulic motor-wheels with a wide range of rotation frequency and adjustment of the working volume. Research methodology. An analysis of the traction-speed characteristics of the KhTZ- 17021 wheeled tractor and, based on it, a review of modern high-torque radial-piston multi-cycle hydraulic motors from the point of view of meeting the characteristics of torque and rotation frequency with power limitations relative to the serial model in the full speed range of the tractor. The maximum values of the working volumes of the 4 driving hydraulic motor-wheels and the power supply pump of these hydraulic motors, the torque and pressure drop in the hydraulic drive are calculated, and the modes in which it is necessary to change the working volume of the hydraulic motors from the maximum to the minimum values to work out the traction-speed characteristics. A comparative analysis of radial-piston multi-cycle hydraulic motors was carried out, and for the hydromotor-wheel model MHP27 of the "Poclain Hydraulics" company, which was chosen for the study, the hydraulic principle diagrams were considered with the use of a hydraulic regulation system of four stages of the working volume in hydraulic motors, the use of combined parking and service brakes, as well as an anti-skid system using means of proportional electro-hydraulic automation. The results. High-torque hydraulic motor-wheels of the radial piston type were selected, which make it possible to ensure the operation of the tractor transmission without intermediate gearboxes between the hydraulic motors and wheel hubs, and the calculated value of the working volume of the axial piston pump, which ensures the operation of the tractor transmission in the full speed range. Based on the results of the calculations, it was established that the pressure in the hydraulic drive does not exceed 35 MPa, while values from 40 MPa to 50 MPa are achieved in modern pumps and hydraulic motors. The possibility of increasing the speed of the tractor from standard 35 km/h to promising 50 km/h is shown.
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Liu, Zhijie, Guoqiang Zhang, Guoping Chu, Hanlin Niu, Yazhou Zhang, and Fuzeng Yang. "Design Matching and Dynamic Performance Test for an HST-Based Drive System of a Hillside Crawler Tractor." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050466.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, research into and development of hillside tractors has become a popular topic in the field of agricultural engineering in China. To solve the main problems associated with a low adjustment range of the working speed, complex operation, and low safety for slope operation of medium-sized crawler tractors, a hydrostatic drive system that can be used for hillside crawler tractors was designed. According to the operation requirements of a hillside crawler tractor, the parameters of the three-cylinder diesel engine, hydrostatic transmission (HST), drive rear axle, and other key components of the drive system were matched after the force and motion analyses of the tractor, and then the main performance indicators, including the traction performance, system pressure and working speed of the drive system were verified. On this basis, a drive system performance test bench was built, and the traction performance and starting acceleration performance of the drive system was tested. The results of the traction bench test show that when the engine was at the maximum torque point of 1700 r/min, the maximum theoretical tractive force outputted by the tractor in Gear I was 114,563 N, and the maximum theoretical tractive force outputted by tractor in Gear II was 10,959.2 N, which were both larger than the traction resistance of 9550.6 N experienced by the hillside tractor ploughing on the slope. The results of the initial acceleration bench test show that the tractor driving speed can gradually increase with increasing output of the variable pump and can reach the maximum in 3 s. When the tractor was driving on flat ground, the maximum driving speeds of Gear I, Gear II, and Gear III were 4.65 km/h, 6.58 km/h, and 8.57 km/h, respectively, which are close to the theoretical values. When the tractor was driving on a 15° slope, the maximum driving speeds of Gear I, Gear II, and Gear III were 4.55 km/h, 6.25 km/h, and 8.28 km/h, respectively. It can be concluded that the design matching of the drive system is reasonable, the speed consistency is good and there is enough power reserve, which can meet the requirements for a large workload.
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Zong, Jian, Yi Ruan, Ming Hui Chen, and Li Bo Xu. "Study and Implement on the Control System of Traction Locomotive Based on Torque Current Closed-Loop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3502.
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In order to overcome the poor stationarity of traction locomotive during the operation mode switching, with rotor flux oriented vector control theory based on, torque model control strategy is adopted. It can overcome the DC bus pumping as Locomotive deceleration and barking. In this system, output torque can be controlled directly, experiments verify the system has good performance of stability and reliability, which can meet the traction locomotive control requirements.
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Kovbasa, S., N. Krasnoshapka, Y. Kolomiichuk, A. Kholosha, and B. Deleiko. "INFLUENCE OF THE SPEED SIGNAL DISCRETIZATION ON THE TORQUE VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2024, no. 67 (2024): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2024.67.014.
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The paper presents the investigation of the impact of the discrete character of the measured by incremental encoder speed signal on the induction motor torque vector control in traction electrical drive. The study is based on mathemati-cal simulations for a direct vector flux-torque control system which provides direct asymptotic field-orientation, asymp-totic flux-torque trajectory tracking, and asymptotic decoupling of the torque and flux subsystems. The parameters of the induction motor and encoder used in the study correlate with used in the real traction electromechanical systems of trolleybuses. It is shown that introduction of first order filter in the speed measurement channel reduces the induction motor’s current and torque spikes, but leads to an error in torque control and degradation of the rotor flux field-orientation conditions. Combined utilization of filtered and unfiltered speed signal is proposed in order to avoid this disadvantage. Ref. 7, fig. 6.
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M. A., Podrigalo, Artyomov M. P., Tretyak V. M., Krasnokutskyi V. M., and Omelchenko V. I. "Efficiency coefficient of tractor wheel drive while moving on ground." MECHANICS and AUTOMATICS of AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, no. 1(116) (2023): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/2786-7775-2023-1-15.
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Purpose. The purpose of the study is to improve the energy efficiency of tractors when working on a deformable support surface by increasing the efficiency of the wheel drive due to the rational selection of its parameters. Methods. The methods of the theory of movement of traction vehicles and theoretical mechanics are used. Results. Analytical equations are compiled that describe the dependence of the interaction of wheels with pneumatic tires with the ground support surface. The effect of tangential soil compliance on the efficiency of a single wheel and wheel drive was determined, and the influence of soil compliance was taken into account to determine the rational distribution of torque (traction) moments between the driving axles of a two-axle tractor. Conclusions 1. As a result of the conducted research, the dependence of the coefficient of useful action of the tractor's wheel drive on the coefficient of distribution of torque (traction) moments between the axles during movement on a deformable support surface was determined. The resulting mathematical model takes into account both the circular stiffness of the tires of the driving wheels and the flexibility of the soil in the contact patch. 2. The rational (optimal with the adopted mathematical model) value of the torque distribution coefficient βm between the axles should vary depending on the rolling resistance of the driving wheels and the characteristics of the soil background. With an electric drive of the driving wheels, adjustment of the coefficient βm is possible, and with a mechanical drive of the driving wheels, control of the coefficient βm can be carried out by adjusting the ratio of torsional stiffnesses of the tires of the front and rear wheels due to their internal pressure. 3. For agricultural tractors it is advisable to adjust the air pressure in the tires for each bridge separately, depending on the type of running system(4K4a, 4K4b) and the physical condition of the soil. Keywords: wheel drive, two-axle tractor, coefficient of useful action, deformation of the support surface, traction moments.
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Ai, Xiaolan. "Development of Zero-Spin Planetary Traction Drive Transmission: Part 2 — Performance Testing and Evaluation." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 2 (2001): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1405131.
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A tapered roller planetary traction drive based on a so-called zero-spin design was built for performance evaluation. The traction drive demonstrated, in many aspects, superb performance characteristics. The zero-spin design increased the torque capacity and enabled the traction drive to operate under both fully lubricated and starved lubrication conditions. The traction drive improved mechanical efficiency compared with traction drives of conventional designs and was able to achieve high efficiency up to 99 percent. The traction drive had satisfactory temperature performance.
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Zubkov, Yuri V., and Vladislav E. Vereshagin. "Designing of traction motor stators core." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Technical Sciences Series 30, no. 4 (2023): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14498/tech.2022.4.7.
Full textAbstract:
Electric drive is widely used in automotive practice. Its basis is an electric traction motor (TM), which, compared with an internal combustion engine (ICE), has such advantages as high efficiency, high overload capacity, a wide range of speed control, and the possibility of torque direct transmission to the drive wheels. The main requirements for a traction motor are high efficiency over the entire load range, ease of speed and torque control, high overload capacity, small weight and dimensions, regenerative braking capability, wide speed control range, simplicity and ease of maintenance. The most widely used as traction motors are synchronous electric machines with excitation from permanent magnets (PM). They are characterized by high torque density, efficiency and power consistency over a wide speed range. However, there are a number of problems that hinder the introduction of these electric machines in the traction drive of home cars, one of which is the lack of a methodology for choosing the design of an armature and an inductor at the stage of calculating the main dimensions of an TM with magnetoelectric excitation, taking into account the variety of schemes and methods of winding, PM placement in the inductor. The article deals with the issues of choosing electromagnetic loads for various cooling methods, the size of the non-magnetic gap, an algorithm for electromagnetic calculation based on the maximum torque, containing a number of refining cycles, is proposed. The values of inductances and design factors are determined by numerical simulation of the magnetic field. The features of the design and circuit design of the core and armature winding are considered. Distribution curves of magnetomotive forces of distributed and concentrated windings are obtained, their harmonic analysis is made, recommendations are given on the configuration of the TD armature active zone.
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Waseem, Saeed, Warkozek Ghaith, and Sandouk Abbas. "Determining the Required Electric Power for the Traction of Electric Vehicle." Tishreen University Journal 40, no. 1 (2018): 18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326798.
Full textAbstract:
Electric Vehicles EVs are the Vehicles that use electric motor powered by Fuel Cells, Batteries, or Ultra capacitors to drive the vehicle. EVs have many advantages over internal combustion engines such as zero emissions, high efficiency, quiet operation, smooth movement, and fuel independent. The traction torque should be determined according to vehicle's load that must be exceeded to move the vehicle at the required speed. This study aims to analyze the mechanical forces applied on the vehicle, then modeling them to evaluate the traction power required for each case of operation. This model has four inputs which are: the required speed and acceleration, the road slope and vehicle's mass, and has the traction power as its output.
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Zhdanovich, Ch I. "Continuously Variable Two-Flow Hydrostatic-Mechanical Transmission of Crawler Tractor." Science & Technique 23, no. 3 (2024): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2024-23-3-251-260.
Full textAbstract:
The paper proposes an original design of a continuously variable two-flow hydrostatic-mechanical transmission, which ensures division of the power flow along the sides of the crawler tractor. To ensure stability of rectilinear motion, their volumetric and mechanical efficiency, the maximum pressure of the working fluid in the hydraulic transmission, the maximum speed and torque on the shaft of the hydraulic motor. The parameters of an unregulated hydraulic motor, an adjust-table pump and mechanical transmission elements are selected. A mathematical model of the rectilinear motion of a caterpillar tractor with a continuously variable hydrostatic-mechanical transmission has been developed, taking into account the weight of the tractor, the parameters of the running system, the characteristics of the internal combustion engine, the parameters and efficiency of hydraulic machines, gearboxes, range and transfer boxes, planetary gear and allowing to determine the efficiency of individual branches and the entire transmission, carry out traction calculations of the tractor. A calculation program has been developed that implements the mathematical model. The parameters of the dual-flow transmission are selected so that most of the torque is transmitted through the mechanical branch and the transmission has a fairly high efficiency value. The maximum value of tractor traction efficiency is realized in the second and third ranges, which are designed to perform basic tillage operations.
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Pugachev, Alexander. "Induction Motor Traction Drive with Slipping Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.101.
Full textAbstract:
The advantages and shortcomings of three-level voltage source inverters to be applied on locomotive traction electric drives are highlighted in relation to two-level ones. To protect wheels from slipping on rails, the control system is designed. The control system with protection from slipping uses system of direct torque control as the subordinated contour to produce control signals on voltage source inverter. The topology and principles of operation of both protections from slipping and direct torque control of traction induction motor with three-level voltage source inverters are described. The simplified structure of mechanical part of traction drive using basic and axle suspension is considered. The adequacy of designed control system is confirmed by means of Matlab, the results of mathematical modeling show a high convergence with the results of physical model of traction drive.
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Nguyen Quang Thieu and V. V. Markov. "Rational control laws asynchronous electric traction." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 5, no. 1 (2011): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69863.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers the optimal control laws for asynchronous traction electric motors to minimize various types of losses, minimize consumption of active and reactive power, maximum overload capacity. The authors established that the joint management of the maximum torque and minimum total losses in the motor is most efficient traction control law for asynchronous traction electric motors.
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Ковалев, Роман, Roman Kovalev, Алексей Тарасов, et al. "Dynamic processes in the joint regulation asynchronous traction motors truck of the locomotive." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2014, no. 4 (2014): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23108.
Full textAbstract:
Examines the dynamic processes in the traction drive with direct torque control regulation asynchronous traction motors are connected in parallel to one inverter, at the limit of adhesion of the wheels and rails, the results of the simulation.
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Li, Minggang, Hanxu Sun, Long Ma, Dongshuai Huo, Panpan Gao, and Zhantong Wang. "Experimental Study on the Longitudinal Motion Performance of a Spherical Robot Rolling on Sandy Terrain." Actuators 13, no. 8 (2024): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act13080289.
Full textAbstract:
To provide the necessary theoretical models of sphere–soil interaction for the structural design, motion control, and simulation of spherical robots, this paper derives analytical expressions for traction force and driving torque when spherical robots slide and sink into sandy terrain, based on terramechanics and multibody dynamics. Furthermore, orthogonal experimental analysis identifies the load, joint angular acceleration, and maximum joint angular velocity of spherical robots as influencing factors, highlighting that the load significantly affects their longitudinal motion performance. Experimental results indicate that rolling friction and additional resistance on sandy terrain cannot be ignored. The corrected theoretical model effectively replicates the temporal variation of driving torque exerted by spherical robots on sandy terrain. Numerical computations and experimental analyses demonstrate that increasing the radius of the sphere shell, the load, and the slip ratio all lead to increased traction force and driving torque. However, traction force and driving torque begin to decrease once the slip ratio reaches approximately 0.5. Therefore, in the design of spherical robot structures and control laws, appropriate parameters such as load and slip ratio should be chosen based on the established sphere–soil interaction theoretical model to achieve high-quality longitudinal motion performance on sandy terrain.