Journal articles on the topic 'Track stability management'
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Ahmad, Shah Sanjar, Nirmal K. Mandal, Gopinath Chattopadhyay, and John Powell. "Development of a unified railway track stability management tool to enhance track safety." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 227, no. 5 (September 2013): 493–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409713501490.
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Greenwood, Royston, and C. R. Hinings. "Organizational Design Types, Tracks and the Dynamics of Strategic Change." Organization Studies 9, no. 3 (July 1988): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068800900301.
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Change and stability in organizations is to be understood through the twin concepts of design archetypes and tracks. Organizations operate with structural designs which are given meaning and coherence by underlying interpretive schemes. Particular interpre tive schemes coupled with associated structural arrangements constitute a design archetype. The temporal relationship between an organization and one or more archetypes defines an organization's track. Prototypical tracks include inertia, aborted excursions, re-orientations and unresolved excursions. The particular track followed by an organization will be a function of the degree of alignment or compatibility between structures and contingency constraints, the pattern of commitment to prevailing and alternative interpretive schemes and the incidence of interest dissatisfaction of powerful groups.
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Schultz, David, and Juan Carlos Díaz Vélez. "IceProd - a dataset management system for IceCube: update." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403058.
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IceCube is a cubic kilometer neutrino detector located at the south pole. IceProd is IceCube’s internal dataset management system, keeping track of where, when, and how jobs run. It schedules jobs from submitted datasets to HTCondor, keeping track of them at every stage of the lifecycle. Many updates have happened in the last years to improve stability and scalability, as well as increase user access. Along the way, the IceProd codebase switched from Python 2 to Python 3.
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Shi, Yufeng, Gaohua Wu, Dan Li, Xutong Wang, and Dachuan Yu. "Research on the Cloud Platform for Urban Rail Transit based on Track Inspection Vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2424, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2424/1/012026.
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Abstract The aim of this paper was to improve the automation of track inspection, data utilization rate, informationization of maintenance dispatch. We designed a track inspection vehicle based on multi-sensor information fusion, then gave the method of coordinate transformation and data fusion. And then researched the service of data displaying, data management and data analysis, proposed the system architecture and network topology, realized the system deployment on the cloud. And then demonstrated stability by comparing the results of two machine tests, and proved accuracy by comparing the results of machine tests with manual tests. The result shows that it had a high accuracy and stability. At last, designed the reserve of cloud platform function extension, discussed the method of data analysis. Research shows that, the track inspection vehicle can measure the track geometric parameter. The application of cloud platform technology can reduce the cost of operation, simplify the function extension. The research result has a positive impact on solving the current problem of track inspection, improving passenger comfort and ensuring safe operation.
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Dimitrievski, Martin, Peter Veelaert, and Wilfried Philips. "Behavioral Pedestrian Tracking Using a Camera and LiDAR Sensors on a Moving Vehicle." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020391.
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In this paper, we present a novel 2D–3D pedestrian tracker designed for applications in autonomous vehicles. The system operates on a tracking by detection principle and can track multiple pedestrians in complex urban traffic situations. By using a behavioral motion model and a non-parametric distribution as state model, we are able to accurately track unpredictable pedestrian motion in the presence of heavy occlusion. Tracking is performed independently, on the image and ground plane, in global, motion compensated coordinates. We employ Camera and LiDAR data fusion to solve the association problem where the optimal solution is found by matching 2D and 3D detections to tracks using a joint log-likelihood observation model. Each 2D–3D particle filter then updates their state from associated observations and a behavioral motion model. Each particle moves independently following the pedestrian motion parameters which we learned offline from an annotated training dataset. Temporal stability of the state variables is achieved by modeling each track as a Markov Decision Process with probabilistic state transition properties. A novel track management system then handles high level actions such as track creation, deletion and interaction. Using a probabilistic track score the track manager can cull false and ambiguous detections while updating tracks with detections from actual pedestrians. Our system is implemented on a GPU and exploits the massively parallelizable nature of particle filters. Due to the Markovian nature of our track representation, the system achieves real-time performance operating with a minimal memory footprint. Exhaustive and independent evaluation of our tracker was performed by the KITTI benchmark server, where it was tested against a wide variety of unknown pedestrian tracking situations. On this realistic benchmark, we outperform all published pedestrian trackers in a multitude of tracking metrics.
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Xin, Tao, Pengsong Wang, and Yu Ding. "Effect of Long-Wavelength Track Irregularities on Vehicle Dynamic Responses." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4178065.
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Long-wavelength track irregularities have obvious influence on ride comfort and running stability of high-speed trains. Meanwhile, it brings risk to the inspection of track irregularities since ordinary inspection equipment has difficulties in covering long wavelengths. Previous research on the effect of long-wavelength track irregularities is rare. In order to find the relationship between long-wavelength irregularities and vehicle dynamic responses, a numerical vehicle-track coupling dynamic model based on multibody dynamics and finite element theories is established by using a self-compiling program. One case study is given as an example to show the methodology of determining the sensitive long wavelength and management amplitude of track longitudinal-level irregularities in high-speed railway. The simulation results show that the sensitive long wavelength has a strong correlation with train speed and natural frequency. The simulation and field test results are in good agreement.
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Gao, Liang, Wenqiang Zhao, Bowen Hou, and Yanglong Zhong. "Analysis of Influencing Mechanism of Subgrade Frost Heave on Vehicle-Track Dynamic System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 8097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228097.
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Uneven subgrade frost heave has been a severe problem for the operation of high-speed railways in cold regions. In order to reveal the influencing mechanism of frost heave on the vehicle-track system, a novel FEM (finite element method) model based on an explicit algorithm was proposed. In the novel model, the existence of the leverage effect in slab track, which was caused by frost heave, was realistically reproduced at first, and then the vehicle model started running for evaluating the influence of the frost heave on the whole dynamic system. Results show that the leverage effect plays a key role in analyzing the influence of frost heave on the vehicle-track system, besides for track irregularity and contact loss. Specifically, the leverage effect decreases the stability of the slab track and causes an increase in dynamic irregularity. The roles of the track irregularity and the contact loss in the influencing mechanism were also revealed. With the ratio of wavelength to amplitude increasing, the track irregularity is gradually dominant in the influence mechanism of frost heave on the vehicle-track system. The research could provide a reference for the management and maintenance of the slab track in cold regions.
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Hui, Chen, and Qi zhenfang. "Optimal Design and Practice of the Construction Scheme for Laying the Whole Track Bed on the Subway Ballastless Track." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504003.
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In the development of modern society, our country attaches more importance to the development of the construction industry, and strengthens the supervision, so that the construction industry can be developed to the mode of industrialization. That combining with the construction needs of prefabricated concrete assembly in our country and taking comprehensive analysis of various factors and application, can enhance the structural stability and safety of prefabricated concrete assembly, thus can meet the needs of the modern building industrialization development, and improve the overall quality and efficiency. In the development of subway transportation field, laying the whole track bed of Ballastless track is an important core work, which is the new construction of rail transit. This paper made perfect management system, carried out all kinds of work, improved the construction technology of the whole track bed and perfected the construction plan, with the result of prolonging the service life of the subway ballastless track and promoting the stable development of modern society in our country.
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SAHOO, PARTASARATHI, and IPPILI SAIKRISHNAMACHARYULU. "INVESTIGATION ON THE STABILITY AND DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SOIL FOUNDATION UNDER HEAVY HAUL RAILWAY TRACKS." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 29, 2022): 1162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/b1.
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The roadbed is the most deformable and most heterogeneous segment of the railroad track foundation, which states the principal factor deciding the efficiency of the street, and the primary factor behind deterioration of path and its components, leading to the rise in the expense of current maintenance. Notwithstanding the expanding dynamic effect of trains on the railroad framework resulting from heavy haul transportation system, this issue turns out to be especially significant. In this paper, an examination is made of the issue of degradation and giving the strength to the track foundation with an increased axial load on the track, with a strict attention on examination of the excitation mechanisms of cyclic effects and the procedure of their damping by the soil environment. The principal kinds of deformations and defects are portrayed; the mechanisms and explanations behind their occurrence are studied in this paper. Much consideration is paid to the investigation of soil degradation procedures of the roadbed under the dynamic effect of heavy trains. Different components of the roadbed are taken into account, which require support for operation under substantial heavy traffic and huge axial loads. The advanced strategies and structures of strengthening the roadbed are portrayed, the utilization of which permits to build the proficiency of the heavy haul transportation. Taking everything into account, extensive research is carried out to address the issue of ensuring the stability of the roadbed in the association of heavy haul traffic.
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Liu, Yong, and Wei Huo. "Robust Output Regulation Approach for Attitude Control and Momentum Management of the Space Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.316.
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An novel methodology to solve the attitude control and momentum management problem of the space station with model uncertainties is developed. By the use of the robust output regulation theory, the attitude control and momentum management integrating model and the internal model of disturbances are combined to design a robust coupling controller such that the plant outputs track desired reference signals and the model uncertainties can be tolerated. It is proved that the designed controller guarantees stability of the closed-loop system and suppresses the disturbance well. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Navaratnarajah, Sinniah Karuppiah, Henpita Gamage Sushan Mayuranga, and Somasundaraiyer Venuja. "Influence of Type of Sleeper–Ballast Interface on the Shear Behaviour of Railway Ballast: An Experimental and Numerical Study." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416384.
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The shear resistance at the sleeper–ballast interface of a ballasted track is an important contributor in maintaining track stability under faster and heavier axle loads where the ballast undergoes significant lateral sliding. Different types of sleeper–ballast interfaces based on the type of sleeper arrangements, such as concrete sleepers, timber sleepers, and under sleeper pads (USPs) attached to the concrete sleepers influence the lateral stability of railway tracks. Therefore, in this study the shear and degradation behaviour of ballast at concrete–ballast, timber–ballast, and USP–ballast interfaces were examined in the laboratory using large-scale direct shear tests under 60 kPa normal stress. The use of waste materials in the construction of civil infrastructure is gaining a lot of interest in the engineering community. Therefore, in addition to commercial USPs manufactured using raw materials, recycled USPs manufactured from granulates of end-of-life rubber tyres were also tested in this study. The discrete element modelling (DEM) approach was used to predict the shear behaviour of ballast at 30, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kPa normal stresses. The bonded particle model (BPM) was adopted in the DEM to simulate the effects of particle breakage during shearing. The results exhibited that both commercial and recycled USPs significantly improve the shear resistance at the sleeper–ballast interface while reducing particle degradation compared to concrete and timber sleeper interfaces.
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Palepu, Suresh Babu, and Manubolu Damodar Reddy. "Voltage stability assessment using PMUs and STATCOM." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp1-10.
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<p class="Abstract">Since the previous few decades, researchers and utilities have been extremely concerned about voltage instability because to the numerous instances of system blackouts caused by voltage instability that have been recorded in various regions of the world. With the development of synchro phasor technology, it appears conceivable to track and manage the system's voltage stability in real time. This study suggests using phasor measuring units (PMUs) placed strategically to monitor voltage stability margin online and to regulate it using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). According to the minimum reactive and real power loanability for the most of the line outages, STATCOM has been installed at the critical bus. Based on the difference between the bus voltage and its reference value, STATCOM supplies reactive power into the bus. PMU measurements are used to determine bus voltages at regular intervals, and reactive power is then added to the bus online as necessary. The increased voltage stability margin brought on by STATCOM injecting reactive power is continuously checked. Based on simulations performed on the IEEE 14-bus system and the New England 39-bus system, the effectiveness of the suggested approach for online monitoring and management of voltage stability margin (VSM) has been proven.</p>
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Wolff, Stefan. "Conflict Management in Divided Societies: The Many Uses of Territorial Self-Governance." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 1 (2013): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02001003.
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Conflict over territorial control in divided societies is widespread, frequently violent and difficult to resolve, and thus merits systematic analytical and empirical engagement. Extending the discussion of territorial approaches to conflict management in divided societies beyond the usually narrower focus on federation and autonomy, this article develops the concept of territorial self-governance as a form of state construction and conflict management, arguing that it encompasses five distinct arrangements from confederation and federation to federacy, devolution and decentralisation and illustrates their manifestations with examples from 12 countries across three continents. The article establishes and tests a framework to explain their emergence, examines the conditions under which they are combined with other conflict management strategies, such as power sharing, and reflects on their track record of providing stability in divided societies, finding it more promising than its critics allow.
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Soni, Noopur, and Dr Agya Mishra. "The Intuitive Supervision Model (ISM) using Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and Unscented Kalman Filters (UKF)." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 5 (January 30, 2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6782.0110522.
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Radio frequency identification technology is one of the fastest-growing technologies in the realms of navigation, medical, robotics, communication system, logistics, security, safety, etc. Surveillance is one of the important fields where high accuracy and fast response are needed. In this research work, RFID sensors are used to track moving objects with an intelligent supervision model. The sophisticated surveillance model employs neural networks followed by an adaptive filtering technique based on an Unscented Kalman filter. A neural network is also one of the most efficient and powerful technology in the field of learning and data processing capability. A neural network has the capability of processing a mammoth amount of data because of this feature its efficiency and accuracy are quite high. This model localizes N number of objects/targets through an intelligent surveillance model, picks a random object from this pool of localized objects to track, categorizes their movement through a controlled checkpoint, and calculates the distance traveled by the moving object /target. Experimental results show that the proposed model can locate multiple-objects with the help of multiple input RFID antennas and tags and track them concerning to the RFID antennas with high accuracy and stability in the complex indoor environment and this intuitive model can be effectively implemented at the airport, railway station, shopping mall, retail management, as well as any other surveillance purpose. For this research work number of authors work, is reviewed and based on literature review this model is designed.
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Perozzi, Gabriele, Mohamed Radjeb Oudainia, Chouki Sentouh, Jean-Christophe Popieul, and Jagat Jyoti Rath. "Driver Assisted Lane Keeping with Conflict Management Using Robust Sliding Mode Controller." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010004.
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Lane-keeping assistance design for road vehicles is a multi-objective design problem that needs to simultaneously maintain lane tracking, ensure driver comfort, provide vehicle stability, and minimize conflict between the driver and the autonomous controller. In this work, a cooperative control strategy is proposed for lane-keeping keeping by integrating driving monitoring, variable level of assistance allocation, and human-in-the-loop control. In the first stage, a time-varying physical driver loading pattern is identified based on a relationship between lateral acceleration, road curvature, and the measured maximum driver torque. Together with the monitored driver state that indicates driver mental loading, an adaptive driver activity function is then formulated that replicates the levels of assistance required for the driver in the next stage. To smoothly transition authority between various modes (from manual to autonomous and vice versa) based on the generated levels of assistance, a novel higher-order sliding mode controller is proposed and closed-loop stability is established. Further, a novel sharing parameter (which is proportional to the torques coming from the driver and from the autonomous controller) is used to minimize the conflict. Experimental results on the SHERPA high-fidelity vehicle simulator show the real-time implementation feasibility. Extensive experimental results provided on the Satory test track show improvement in cooperative driving quality by 9.4%, reduction in steering workload by 86.13%, and reduced conflict by 65.38% when compared with the existing design (no sharing parameter). These results on the cooperative performance highlight the significance of the proposed controller for various road transportation challenges.
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Raya Khajibaevna, Karlibaeva. "THEORY OF FINANCE AND FINANCING STRATEGIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12480.
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This work discusses the theory and strategies of finance. Financing strategies are essential factorsthat play significant roles during the lifetime of a client to assist clients inmeeting financial goals such as education planning, investment planning,retirement savings, and income planning.With an uncertain economy, afinancial planner is needed to help consumers prioritize their finances to achieve longâ€term financial stability throughout these tough times. Thereare numerous options for financing financial goals. These various optionsoften make financial management much more difficult for a client. As part ofthe financial planning process, recognizing and evaluating financing strategiesis of the utmost importance in helping clients set and achieve shortâ€term andlongâ€term goals. This recognition will also aid clients in their financial decision-making and provide a consistent track to meet these financial goals. Afinancial planner should stress the importance of financing strategies, includingcash flow management, debt management, borrowing, and financial goals. The author tries to explain the given topic wider by eliciting several examples and charts as well.
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AGEENKO, A. M., D. S. NIKIFOROV, T. A. NIKIFOROVA, and M. N. LEBEDEVA. "ENHANCED RECOVERY (FAST-TRACK) PROGRAM IN ELECTIVE ARTHROPLASTY OF WEIGHT-BEARING JOINTS." Avicenna Bulletin 12, no. 1 (2022): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2022-24-2-168-175.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding with a whey protein plus carbohydrate drink on metabolic parameters, general state of the patient and recovery time after knee and hip arthroplasty. Methods: The results of the perioperative period of 60 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee were evaluated between March and July 2021. All patients underwent hip or knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. In addition, patients of the study group received the ProvideXtra® Drink 2 hours before surgery. Otherwise, the management of patients in the perioperative period was the standard. Mobilisation and verticalisation of patients were carried out after achieving physical fitness, resolution of the spinal block and haemodynamic stability on the day of surgery or the next day. Results: In all patients after 4 hours, increased glucose levels were recorded in both groups, statistically significant in the control group – 7.15±0.94 versus 7.88±1.18 mmol/l (p=0.02). The decrease in haemoglobin level had no difference in the study groups and before discharge was 100±16 g/l versus 101±18 g/l (p=0.86). The difference in total protein level before discharge was in favour of the study group, 63.1±6.1 versus 59.2±5.9 g/l (p=0.17). Verticalisation timing in the study group was as follows: 10 patients were verticalised on the day of surgery, and the remaining 20 patients – were on the next day. In the control group – 8 patients were verticalised on the day of surgery and 22 – on the next day. In the control group, 2 cases of postoperative nausea requiring correction were observed. Conclusion: The modern surgical approaches include the maximal preservation of natural feeding, based on the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) concept. However, guidelines for choosing a particular diet on the day of surgery remain to be finally established. Using ready-made carbohydrate-protein mixtures is a convenient solution that delivers the required amount of energy and protein. Therefore, the effect of the mixture on protein metabolism in the postoperative period remains to be elucidated through further studies. Keywords: Accelerated rehabilitation, nutrient mixture, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty.
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Jiang, Bin, Yikun Zhao, Hongmei Yi, Yongxue Huo, Haotian Wu, Jie Ren, Jianrong Ge, Jiuran Zhao, and Fengge Wang. "PIDS: A User-Friendly Plant DNA Fingerprint Database Management System." Genes 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040373.
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The high variability and somatic stability of DNA fingerprints can be used to identify individuals, which is of great value in plant breeding. DNA fingerprint databases are essential and important tools for plant molecular research because they provide powerful technical and information support for crop breeding, variety quality control, variety right protection, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Building a DNA fingerprint database involves the production of large amounts of heterogeneous data for which storage, analysis, and retrieval are time and resource consuming. To process the large amounts of data generated by laboratories and conduct quality control, a database management system is urgently needed to track samples and analyze data. We developed the plant international DNA-fingerprinting system (PIDS) using an open source web server and free software that has automatic collection, storage, and efficient management functions based on merging and comparison algorithms to handle massive microsatellite DNA fingerprint data. PIDS also can perform genetic analyses. This system can match a corresponding capillary electrophoresis image on each primer locus as fingerprint data to upload to the server. PIDS provides free customization and extension of back-end functions to meet the requirements of different laboratories. This system can be a significant tool for plant breeders and can be applied in forensic science for human fingerprint identification, as well as in virus and microorganism research.
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Zientara, Alicja, Sergio Mariotti, Sonja Matter-Ensner, Burkhardt Seifert, Kirk Graves, Omer Dzemali, and Michele Genoni. "Fast-Track Management in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Dexmedetomidine Provides Rapid Extubation and Effective Pain Modulation." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 67, no. 06 (August 28, 2018): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668602.
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Abstract Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α-2 agonist with many desirable effects including analgesia, improvement of hemodynamic stability, and potential myocardial and renal protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DEX on patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting with regard to less pain medication, earlier extubation, faster transfer to normal ward, and cardiac protection. Patients and Methods From January 2012 to March 2015, 464 patients receiving OPCAB were included for retrospective analysis. After propensity matching (1:1), two groups (DEX vs. propofol, n = 129) could be compared. Continuous and categorical variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation or percentages, and compared with the chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney's test, respectively. Results In the DEX group, less use of pain medication in the initial phase at intensive care unit was observed. During the first 2 hours, DEX patients received more nicomorphine (DEX 8 ± 3.2 mg vs. propofol 6 ± 4 mg, p < 0.001), while in the following 2 hours, the pain medication was significantly reduced (DEX 3.2 ± 2.8 mg vs. propofol 4.7 ± 3.3 mg, p < 0.001). Remifentanil was stopped considerably earlier (DEX 238 ± 209 minutes vs. propofol 353 ± 266 minutes, p < 0.001). DEX led to earlier extubation (DEX 208 ± 106 minutes vs. propofol 307 ± 230 minutes, p < 0.001) and less postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) (p = 0.01). Conclusion Early postoperative DEX application supports the fast-track strategy in patients after OPCAB through enabling rapid extubation, effective pain control, and reduced occurrence of new-onset AF. We are confident to give precedence to DEX over propofol as the new routine medication during postoperative patient transfer.
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Piltan, Farzin, Mansour Bazregar, Marzieh Kamgari, Mojdeh Piran, and Mehdi Akbari. "Quality Model and Artificial Intelligence Base Fuel Ratio Management with Applications to Automotive Engine." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v3.i1.pp36-48.
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<p class="Default">In this research, manage the Internal Combustion (IC) engine modeling and a multi-input-multi-output artificial intelligence baseline chattering free sliding mode methodology scheme is developed with guaranteed stability to simultaneously control fuel ratios to desired levels under various air flow disturbances by regulating the mass flow rates of engine PFI and DI injection systems. Nevertheless, developing a small model, for specific controller design purposes, can be done and then validated on a larger, more complicated model. Analytical dynamic nonlinear modeling of internal combustion engine is carried out using elegant Euler-Lagrange method compromising accuracy and complexity. The fuzzy inference baseline sliding methodology performance was compared with a well-tuned baseline multi-loop PID controller through MATLAB simulations and showed improvements, where MATLAB simulations were conducted to validate the feasibility of utilizing the developed controller and state estimator for automotive engines. The proposed tracking method is designed to optimally track the desired FR by minimizing the error between the trapped in-cylinder mass and the product of the desired FR and fuel mass over a given time interval.</p>
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Kis, Zoltán. "Stability Modelling of mRNA Vaccine Quality Based on Temperature Monitoring throughout the Distribution Chain." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020430.
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The vaccine distribution chains in several low- and middle-income countries are not adequate to facilitate the rapid delivery of high volumes of thermosensitive COVID-19 mRNA vaccines at the required low and ultra-low temperatures. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are currently distributed along with temperature monitoring devices to track and identify deviations from predefined conditions throughout the distribution chain. These temperature readings can feed into computational models to quantify mRNA vaccine critical quality attributes (CQAs) and the remaining vaccine shelf life more accurately. Here, a kinetic modelling approach is proposed to quantify the stability-related CQAs and the remaining shelf life of mRNA vaccines. The CQA and shelf-life values can be computed based on the conditions under which the vaccines have been distributed from the manufacturing facilities via the distribution network to the vaccination centres. This approach helps to quantify the degree to which temperature excursions impact vaccine quality and can also reduce vaccine wastage. In addition, vaccine stock management can be improved due to the information obtained on the remaining shelf life of mRNA vaccines. This model-based quantification of mRNA vaccine quality and remaining shelf life can improve the deployment of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to low- and middle-income countries.
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Li, Xue Fen. "The Research Based on u-Blox GPS for Material Yard Vehicle Monitor." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.536.
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For the vehicle management require of the large materials yard, this paper researched the monitor problem based on u- Blox GPS. Designed the GPS applicable unit, researched the Setting Method of LEA-4H and the extract skill of GPS Protocol data. Researched the Grid-based map technology to mark, zoom, translate the map and match the vehicle track. Propose the “same side judgment” to check the vehicle whether in the yard only by GPS location. Fig.4 shows how to judge the non-convex polygon yard by divide it into convex. The correctness and stability of the research result are proved by the reliable operation of an unmanned iron ore yard vehicle system for years. The researches provide good reference for the design of the monitor and manage system in other material yard and fleet.
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Dai, Jinyang. "Improving Random Forest Algorithm for University Academic Affairs Management System Platform Construction." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8064844.
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Using the data of students’ learning process recorded in the network teaching platform to predict students’ learning performance, assist teachers to analyze learning situation, formulate teaching strategies, and warn about students’ learning state is a hot spot in the field of mixed curriculum research in recent years. In view of the complexity, heterogeneity, and security of college educational administration data and the difficulty of predicting and analyzing college students’ achievements, this paper designs a college educational administration management system platform based on improved random forest algorithm. Combining the advantages of three data-driven prediction algorithms, namely, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), a model based on improved random forest algorithm is proposed. It is proved that this method is a noninferior prediction method. Secondly, the model is applied to practical problems to solve the problem of predicting college students’ grades. An experiment is carried out on the real data set provided by a municipal education bureau. The results show that the proposed model not only achieves good prediction accuracy, but also solves the stability problem of the model after adding new data, which will contribute to the iterative optimization of the model, improve the universality of the model, and help continuously track the learning behavior characteristics of college students in different semesters.
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Lázaro Roche, Ignacio. "A Compact Muon Tracker for Dynamic Tomography of Density Based on a Thin Time Projection Chamber with Micromegas Readout." Particles 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles4030028.
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Tomography based on cosmic muon absorption is a rising technique because of its versatility and its consolidation as a geophysics tool over the past decade. It allows us to address major societal issues such as long-term stability of natural and man-made large infrastructures or sustainable underwater management. Traditionally, muon trackers consist of hodoscopes or multilayer detectors. For applications with challenging available volumes or the wide field of view required, a thin time projection chamber (TPC) associated with a Micromegas readout plane can provide a good tradeoff between compactness and performance. This paper details the design of such a TPC aiming at maximizing primary signal and minimizing track reconstruction artifacts. The results of the measurements performed during a case study addressing the aforementioned applications are discussed. The current works lines and perspectives of the project are also presented.
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Bai, Yunlong, Gang Li, Hongyao Jin, and Ning Li. "Research on Lateral and Longitudinal Coordinated Control of Distributed Driven Driverless Formula Racing Car under High-Speed Tracking Conditions." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7344044.
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Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to ensure the trajectory tracking accuracy and driving stability of the distributed driven driverless formula racing car under high-speed tracking conditions, a lateral and longitudinal coordinated control strategy is proposed. Based on the adaptive model predictive control theory, the lateral motion controller is designed, and the prediction time domain of the controller is changed in real time according to the change of vehicle speed. Based on the sliding mode variable structure control theory, a longitudinal motion controller is designed to accurately track the desired vehicle speed. Considering the coupling between the lateral and longitudinal controls, the lateral controller inputs the longitudinal speed and displacement of the vehicle, using the feedback mechanism to update the prediction model in real time, the longitudinal controller takes the front wheel angle as the input, the driving torque is redistributed through the differential drive control, and the lateral and longitudinal coordinated control is carried out to improve the trajectory tracking accuracy and driving stability. The typical working conditions are selected for co-simulation test verification. The results show that the lateral and longitudinal coordinated control strategy can effectively improve the vehicle trajectory tracking control accuracy and driving stability.
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Gao, Yun, Wujun Ji, and Xin Zhao. "SOC Estimation of E-Cell Combining BP Neural Network and EKF Algorithm." Processes 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091721.
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Power lithium battery is an important core component of electric vehicles (EV), which provides the main power and energy for EV. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle battery (E-cell), the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) are used to build the SOC estimation model of the E-cell, and the self-learning characteristic of BP neural network is used to correct the error and track the SOC of the E-cell. The results show that the average error of SOC estimation of BP-EKF model is 0.347%, 0.0231%, and 0.0749%, respectively, under the three working conditions of constant current discharge, pulse discharge, and urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS). Under the influence of different initial value errors, the average estimation errors of BP-EKF model are 0.2218%, 0.0976%, and 0.5226%. After the noise interference is introduced, the average estimation errors of BP-EKF model under the three working conditions are 1.2143%, 0.2259%, and 0.5104%, respectively, which proves that the model has strong robustness and stability. Using the BP-EKF model to estimate and track the SOC of E-cell can provide data reference for vehicle battery management and is of great significance to improve the battery performance and energy utilization of EV.
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Marilou, Ioakimidis, Choustoulakis Emmanouil, and Papakonstantinou George. "Does Private High School Attendance Affect Preferred University Track Choice? A Research Perspective." Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0043.
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Abstract Studies in different countries comparing the quality of education in private and public schools have used a variety of measurement methods to determine educational quality and findings have been mixed. For the unique situation of Greece, the variable of student admission to the Greek university system, depending on whether the student’s secondary education was in the public or the private system, provides an apt outcome variable to measure relative educational quality. We provide estimates of the effect of private secondary schooling in Greece on students’ admission to their preferred university academic department, using data from nationwide surveys conducted identically in 2000 and 2015. This repeated-measures research design allowed us to compare the same set of factors between the two administrations, thus examining for the stability or change of their contribution over time. Our final sample consisted of 4740 secondary school students. We used a weighted questionnaire to investigate the effect of private schooling on the trajectory to university. In our empirical model, a multinomial logistic regression was performed to classify subjects based on values of a set of predictor variables. Results indicate that attending a private high school offers secondary education students a significantly higher probability of stepping successfully into an academic department of higher relevance to their academic preferences and future career expectations. We also find that private high school education significantly minimizes the efforts required for a student to enter a desirable university department. Positive correlations between the attendance of private high school education and demographic attributes of both students and their families were also found. Research and policy recommendations are included.
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Gwabavu, Mandisi, and Atanda Raji. "Dynamic Control of Integrated Wind Farm Battery Energy Storage Systems for Grid Connection." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063112.
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The intermittent nature of wind power is a major challenge for wind as an energy source. Wind power generation is therefore difficult to plan, manage, sustain, and track during the year due to different weather conditions. The uncertainty of energy loads and power generation from wind energy sources heavily affects the system stability. The battery energy storage system (BESS) plays a fundamental role in controlling and improving the efficiency of renewable energy sources. Stochasticity of wind speed and reliability of the main system components are considered. This paper presents a dynamical control system based on model predictive control (MPC) in real time, to make full use of the flexibility and controllability of energy storage to mitigate problems of wind farm variability and intermittency. The control scheme first plans the expected output, then stochastic optimization is used to optimize grid integrated wind farm BESS output power, develop an optimal operation strategy for BESS, and prevent some unpredictable conditions that may have impacts on the stability of the system. The results show that the proposed method can reduce grid-connected wind power fluctuations, limit system faults, control command for the BESS in the dispatching period, and ensure system stability for grid connection.
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Takahashi, Ichiro, and Isamu Okada. "An artificial Wicksell–Keynes economy integrating short-run business cycle and long-term cumulative trend." Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 15, no. 4 (March 4, 2020): 953–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11403-020-00282-6.
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Abstract Economists have investigated how price–wage rigidity influences macroeconomic stability. A widely accepted view asserts that increased rigidity destabilizes an economy by requiring a larger quantity adjustment. In contrast, the Old Keynesian view regards nominal rigidity as a stabilizing factor, because it reduces fluctuations in income and thus aggregate demand. To examine whether price–wage stickiness is stabilizing or destabilizing, we build an agent-based Wicksell–Keynes macroeconomic model, which is completely closed and absolutely free from any external shocks, including policy interventions. In the model, firms setting prices and wages make both employment and investment decisions under demand constraints, while a fractional-reserve banking sector sets the interest rate and provides the firms with investment funds. As investment involves a gestation period, it is conducive to overproduction, thereby causing alternate seller’s and buyer’s markets. In the baseline simulation, a stable economy emerges with short-run business cycles and long-run fluctuations. One unique feature of the economy is its remarkable resilience: When afflicted by persistent deflation, it often manages to reverse the deflationary spiral and get back on a growth track, ultimately achieving full or nearly full employment. The virtual experiments demonstrate that prices and wages must both be moderately rigid to ensure long-run stability. The key stabilizing mechanism is a recurring demand-sufficient economy, in which firms are allowed to increase employment while simultaneously cutting real wages.
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Lv, Xuan, Menggang Li, and Yingjie Zhang. "Financial Stability and Economic Activity in China: Based on Mixed-Frequency Spillover Method." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912926.
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To improve financial sustainability and promote economic stability, it is important to understand the intricate relationship between finance and macroeconomy. Thus, focusing on financial stress and macroeconomic sectors, this paper investigates macro-financial spillovers in China. First, we develop a high-frequency financial stress index based on eight daily financial indicators to measure the stability of China’s financial markets. Through event identification, we find that China’s Financial Stress Index can effectively reflect the stress situation of China’s financial market. Then, given that the traditional co-frequency method fails to deal with financial stress index and macroeconomic data with different frequencies, we employ the mixed-frequency spillover method to evaluate macro-financial spillovers to examine the connectedness between China’s financial market and the real side of the economy. We find that financial stress is the leading net risk output and primarily affects the loan sector; deterioration of economic conditions can lead to more apparent fluctuations in spillover effects, with spillovers from financial stress to others being the most susceptible; within the sample, the 2015 stock crash, U.S.–China trade friction, and COVID-19 have the most impact on macro-financial spillover effects. In addition, we track the results of different risk events on spillover effects across sectors.
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Sahbani, Sana, Hassane Mahmoudi, Abdennebi Hasnaoui, Mustapha Kchikach, and Hanane Benchraa. "A novel fast MPPT strategy used for grid-connected residential PV system applied in morocco." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp942-952.
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Regardless its significant potential for generating renewable energy, Moroccan government prohibited the injection of production surplus into the low voltage (LV) network because it still lack the implementing decreases, that represents one of the principal challenges for residential self-production in the country. The focus of this paper work is to introduce and analyze a novel fast MPPT strategy applied in an improved grid-connected Residential PV system respecting the current legislative framework in Morocco, which allow to the consumer being an actor in the energy transition towards a low-carbon society by reducing his dependence to the electrical grid and managing his own energy consumption efficiently by a good switching between photovoltaic (PV) source and the grid and therefore making a framework of smart residence management system. The overall system is designed to improve the energy control performance with two techniques: the first one uses a novel high performance controller to track the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic array under fast irradiation and load changes. Among the advantages of this proposed controller is the stability of its output voltage with fast response speed to the required parameters. The second one uses a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit to ensure the power quality regulation in the grid side via a predictive current control method. Finally, the stability of a closed-loop system is simulated and analyzed using commercial software offering sufficient conditions to validate a practical stability and robustness of the proposed overall designed system.
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Bažant, Michael, and Josef Bulíček. "Impact Assessment of Interlocking Systems on Single-Track Railway Lines as a Measure Leading to Resilient Railway System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7025130.
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Railway systems should be resilient to play a key role in creating sustainable development. Single-track railway lines are seen as potential bottlenecks due to limited capacity. More advanced railway interlocking systems (such as ETCS or satellite-based control systems) are being developed. On the other hand, the installation of these interlocking systems is a complex and time-consuming and costly task. For this reason, it is necessary to recognize the impact of potentially installed system with capacity, stability of timetable, quality, and other associated effects. The assessment is based on a set of simulation experiments using stochastic microscopic simulation model in the OpenTrack software tool. The focus is on railway operation with automatic block and automatic line blocking systems. If these two systems will have positive capacity effects, it is a basic presumption also for systems such as moving block (e.g., ETCS L3) to be effective. Research has shown that the significance of such measures can be best supported by linking to a matching timetable concept that will make full use of the benefits offered by these interlocking systems. The results reached in this research should be potentially applied, for example, by prioritizing of single-track railway lines for possible installation of such interlocking system. It can be achieved based on the capacity and operational effects examined.
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BABURINA, Ol'ga N., and El'dar A. SADYKOV. "Developing and testing a methodology to assess the economic sustainability of a seaport operator." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 924–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.5.924.
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Subject. The article addresses the problem of economic sustainability of seaport operators. Objectives. The purpose is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the economic sustainability of a seaport operator. Methods. The study draws on methods of systems, structural, functional, positive, normative, comparative, and statistical analysis, the weights method, pairwise comparison, expert assessment, etc. Results. We developed a five-stage algorithm for integrated assessment of economic sustainability of a port operator based on the main functional components, i.e. production, resource-and-technology, investment, finance, and business sustainability. We tested our methodology, using the case of AO Novoroslesexport, the leading stevedore of the Azov-Black Sea Basin. The methodology can be used for port operators of other sea basins; its results may be helpful for company management, shareholders, banks, service consumers, seaport authorities, regional authorities, and other interested parties. Conclusions. Our methodology may become an effective tool to manage a port operator and determine its intra- and inter-port competitive ability. It enables to track threats affecting the economic stability and take timely action to eliminate them. It creates information base for making management decisions and strategic plans for a stevedoring company.
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Yang, Lichun, Dan Yang, and Fan Wang. "A Multi-feature Combination Method for Tracking of Marine Ships." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2216, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2216/1/012077.
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Abstract Maritime images and videos provide a variety of kinematic traffic information, including traffic volume, ship speeds and headings, which significantly benefits remote maritime traffic management and maritime safety improvement. To track multiple moving objects robustly from the complex original maritime image sequence, we propose an ensemble ship tracking framework with multiple feature extraction and Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence. Spatial features such as statistical features of gray values and geometric features in the image sequence rather than the motion characteristics are extracted, and the D-S theory is applied for combination of feature evidence to perform the correct association of multiple objects. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed ship tracking algorithm on a typical marine traffic scene through the marine surveillance video. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve continuous tracking of multiple marine moving objects with strong stability, and have the potential to improve marine transportation and fishery safety.
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Min, Eric. "Talking While Fighting: Understanding the Role of Wartime Negotiation." International Organization 74, no. 3 (2020): 610–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818320000168.
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AbstractContemporary studies of conflict have adopted approaches that minimize the importance of negotiation during war or treat it as a constant and mechanical activity. This is strongly related to the lack of systematic data that track and illustrate the complex nature of wartime diplomacy. I address these issues by creating and exploring a new daily-level data set of negotiations in all interstate wars from 1816 to the present. I find strong indications that post-1945 wars feature more frequent negotiations and that these negotiations are far less predictive of war termination. Evidence suggests that increased international pressures for peace and stability after World War II, especially emanating from nuclear weapons and international alliances, account for this trend. These original data and insights establish a dynamic research agenda that enables a more policy-relevant study of conflict management, highlights a historical angle to conflict resolution, and speaks to the utility of viewing diplomacy as an essential dimension to understanding war.
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Goyal, Amrita, Jeremy Allred, Raja Kandaswamy, Erik B. Finger, Daniel O. Keys, Samy Riad, Alessio Giubellino, Daniel D. Miller, Christine G. Lian, and Shernan G. Holtan. "Solid Organ Transplant Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Kidney/Pancreas Transplant Patient: Use of Chimerism Testing and a Rare Presentation of Cutaneous GVHD." Case Reports in Transplantation 2022 (March 9, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6539808.
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Introduction. Solid organ transplant graft-versus-host disease (SOT-GVHD) is a rare phenomenon in which recipients of solid organ transplant develop GVHD due to the presence of donor lymphocytes in the graft. SOT-GVHD most often occurs in patients receiving small bowel or liver transplants. Diagnosis is typically via identification of lymphocytic infiltration on histopathology and molecular demonstration of donor T cell chimerism in the target organ. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is the most common target of SOT-GVHD, and one estimate places long-term survival of patients with SOT-GVHD at 20% at 5 years. In this report, we present the case of a patient with sequential kidney and pancreas transplant who developed SOT-GVHD targeting host lymphocytes, skin, and liver, with a long period of stability before treatment with antithymocyte globulin. Peripheral blood chimerism testing was used to track response to therapy. Remarkably, he survived 1.5 years despite recurrent infections before dying of unrelated causes.
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Zhou, Wenliang, Xiaorong You, and Wenzhuang Fan. "A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Method for Simultaneous Multi-Periodic Train Timetabling and Routing on a High-Speed Rail Network." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031131.
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To avoid conflicts among trains at stations and provide passengers with a periodic train timetable to improve service level, this paper mainly focuses on the problem of multi-periodic train timetabling and routing by optimizing the routes of trains at stations and their entering time and leaving time on each chosen arrival–departure track at each visited station. Based on the constructed directed graph, including unidirectional and bidirectional tracks at stations and in sections, a mixed integer linear programming model with the goal of minimizing the total travel time of trains is formulated. Then, a strategy is introduced to reduce the number of constraints for improving the solved efficiency of the model. Finally, the performance, stability and practicability of the proposed method, as well as the impact of some main factors on the model are analyzed by numerous instances on both a constructed railway network and Guang-Zhu inter-city railway; they are solved using the commercial solver WebSphere ILOG CPLEX (International Business Machines Corporation, New York, NY, USA). Experimental results show that integrating multi-periodic train timetabling and routing can be conducive to improving the quality of a train timetable. Hence, good economic and social benefits for high-speed rail can be achieved, thus, further contributing to the sustained development of both high-speed railway systems and society.
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Dridi, Amna, Mohamed Medhat Gaber, Raja Muhammad Atif Azad, and Jagdev Bhogal. "Vec2Dynamics: A Temporal Word Embedding Approach to Exploring the Dynamics of Scientific Keywords—Machine Learning as a Case Study." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 6, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6010021.
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The study of the dynamics or the progress of science has been widely explored with descriptive and statistical analyses. Also this study has attracted several computational approaches that are labelled together as the Computational History of Science, especially with the rise of data science and the development of increasingly powerful computers. Among these approaches, some works have studied dynamism in scientific literature by employing text analysis techniques that rely on topic models to study the dynamics of research topics. Unlike topic models that do not delve deeper into the content of scientific publications, for the first time, this paper uses temporal word embeddings to automatically track the dynamics of scientific keywords over time. To this end, we propose Vec2Dynamics, a neural-based computational history approach that reports stability of k-nearest neighbors of scientific keywords over time; the stability indicates whether the keywords are taking new neighborhood due to evolution of scientific literature. To evaluate how Vec2Dynamics models such relationships in the domain of Machine Learning (ML), we constructed scientific corpora from the papers published in the Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS; actually abbreviated NeurIPS) conference between 1987 and 2016. The descriptive analysis that we performed in this paper verify the efficacy of our proposed approach. In fact, we found a generally strong consistency between the obtained results and the Machine Learning timeline.
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Mikeladze, Aleksandre. "Financial Management Role for NGOs." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/594yih63y.
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The main purpose of NGOs is to carry out public activities and not financial management - this is an idea that one may have often heard. However, as long as the NGO's finances and funds are unorganized, NGOs will not be able to achieve their goals with maximum effectiveness. For NGOs, the key importance of financial planning and management is determined by the achievement of organizational goals. They work on communities, suffer from a lack of staff, and this role is assigned to an employee who does not have a financial education and puts the successful operation of the organization at high risk. With limited funding, rational and planned cash management is important for the organization. The financial condition of any type of organization determines its future and long-term stability. Accordingly, NGOs should opt for sustainable use of finance. This means that NGOs have to spend today considering future expenses. Therefore, it is important to develop financial plans and their further implementation in order to maintain sustainability. Most NGOs rely on external funding and therefore having a proper financial management system is quite important. The NGO is accountable to donors and those who support the organization. An NGO with a sound financial management system is able to track its own expenses, plan future expenses, and submit timely financial statements to the donor upon request, which will help strengthen the organization's trust and long-term support. All NGOs are guided by pre-defined policies and procedures that are based on the overall goals of the organization. Each decision made by the competent authority is aimed at the successful achievement of the goals and objectives. Without organizing finances, it will be difficult for both the individual employee and the organization as a whole to achieve the set goal. We cannot ignore the fact that some NGOs are characterized by illegal activities such as excessive use of resources, fraud, theft, etc. With full financial planning, coordination and control, the issues mentioned above can be easily addressed. Through sound financial management, NGOs can make effective decisions on resource allocation, fundraising and mobilization. Financial management is a set of skills and approaches that can be changed from time to time. With financial management, NGOs improve their profile, which enhances donor trust. With well-defined financial plan and policy frameworks, NGOs also gain a good reputation in the community. Most NGOs operate on their own funds, and well-organized financial management facilitates fundraising. Information on available finances, in turn, makes it possible to determine the exact amount of money that needs to be accumulated.
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Garren, Austin M., M. Chad Bolding, W. Michael Aust, Angelo C. Moura, and Scott M. Barrett. "Soil Disturbance Effects from Tethered Forwarding on Steep Slopes in Brazilian Eucalyptus Plantations." Forests 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090721.
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Traditional timber harvests on steep slopes have been conducted through labor-intensive and sometimes environmentally impactful methods, such as manual felling with chainsaws and extraction using bladed skid trails, winching, or cable yarding. Ground-based mechanized harvesting and primary transportation methods such as cut-to-length harvesters and forwarders have emerged in some parts of the world as low-impact, safe, and efficient alternatives to the aforementioned systems. However, when mechanized operations are used on steep terrain, problems such as poor stability, loss of traction, and increased soil disturbance can occur. Tethered or winch-assisted logging practices are being tested and applied in several countries to adapt to challenges associated with operating equipment on steep slopes while minimizing environmental impact. To better understand the feasibility of these systems, we conducted a designed experiment to quantify changes in soil properties and predicted erosion resulting from varying numbers of passes and payload levels by a forwarder operating on slopes ranging from 27 to 38 degrees. The machine was equipped with two different track configurations, tethered by either a machine-mounted or self-contained winch, in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. On low slopes, bulk density significantly increased, but it did not increase on steeper slopes; this demonstrates traction winches’ effectiveness at reducing concentrated ground pressures. Rut depths were minimal and decreased with increasing slope classes due to reduced track slippage. Predicted erosion rates were high, primarily due to the extremely steep, long slopes and lack of adequate cover in some portions of the trail, illustrating the importance of proper erosion management practices on steep slopes.
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Lei, Tao, Yanbo Wang, Xianqiu Jin, Zhihao Min, Xingyu Zhang, and Xiaobin Zhang. "An Optimal Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Aerospace 9, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020115.
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With the development of high-altitude and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), optimization of the coordinated energy dispatch of UAVs’ energy management systems has become a key target in the research of electric UAVs. Several different energy management strategies are proposed herein for improving the overall efficiency and fuel economy of fuel cell/battery hybrid electric power systems (HEPS) of UAVs. A rule-based (RB) energy management strategy is designed as a baseline for comparison with other strategies. An energy management strategy (EMS) based on fuzzy logic (FL) for HEPS is presented. Compared with classical rule-based strategies, the fuzzy logic control has better robustness to power fluctuations in the UAV. However, the proposed FL strategy has an inherent defect: the optimization performances will be determined by the heuristic method and the past experiences of designers to a great extent rather than a specific cost function of the algorithm itself. Thus, the paper puts forward an improved fuzzy logic-based strategy that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to track the optimal thresholds of membership functions, and the equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization is considered as the objective function. Using a typical 30 min UAV mission profile, all the proposed EMS were verified by simulations and rapid controller prototype (RCP) experiments. Comprehensive comparisons and analysis are presented by evaluating hydrogen consumption, system efficiency and voltage bus stability. The results show that the PSO-FL algorithm can further improve fuel economy and achieve superior overall dynamic performance when controlling a UAV’s fuel-cell powertrain.
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Wang, Chengmei, and Yuchuan Du. "ELM-Based Non-Singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Vehicle Platoon." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074020.
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Vehicle platoon is one of the innovations in the automated highway systems, which has the potential to reduce fuel consumption, alleviate traffic congestion and lighten the driver’s burden. How to control the vehicle effectively to ensure the stability of the queue is a challenge. Aiming to overcome the shortcomings of the platoon control method based on traditional sliding mode control, a non-singular terminal sliding mode control method optimized by the extreme learning machine is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the vehicle longitudinal dynamics are derived from the analysis of the forces acting on the vehicle in the longitudinal direction. A constant time headway policy is taken as the spacing policy. The modified non-singular terminal sliding mode control method has outstanding performance, simulation results demonstrate that the following vehicles can rapidly track the trajectory of the leading vehicle in the platoon with less spacing error and guarantee string stability. In this study, several experiments are set up to consider the disturbance and other uncertain practical factors. The performance of the proposed method is superior to the traditional sliding mode control method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce chattering and has good robustness under the circumstances of the disturbance.
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Mugurusi, Godfrey, and Luitzen de Boer. "Conceptualising the production offshoring organisation using the viable systems model (VSM)." Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 7, no. 3 (November 11, 2014): 275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/so-10-2014-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is concerned with one of the main contributions from the field of management cybernetics, the Viable System Model (VSM) developed by Beer (1972). This paper analyses what happens in terms of the VSM when a firm engages in production offshoring. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is conceptual and develops four propositions about the nature of variety balance that production firms face, and what adjustments they make in the original viable system, both in terms of the properties of one or more of the basic subsystems and in the network of couplings between them. Findings – The paper shows the production offshoring organisation as a dynamic adaptive system in search of ways to cope effectively with external forces that undermine its viability. The paper discusses how VSM can advance production offshoring research by both supplementing and linking established approaches such as transaction cost economics, the resource-based view and the eclectic theory of international production. Originality/value – This research highlights the effects of geographical expansion of the firm’s operation on the stability of the firm itself. Using the VSM perspective, the paper provides opportunities to systematically track the changes that occur in the production offshoring firm and diagnose what they imply for the viability of the system as a whole.
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Gwatiringa, Calleta, Lebitsi Maud Modiba, and Greanious Alfred Mavondo. "A Theoretical FRAMEWORK for the Development of Perinatal Period Mental Health Guidelines in Zimbabwe." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2022.v02i09.002.
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The need to create a harmonized process of handling mental health issues cropping up during the perinatal period in Zimbabwe cannot be over emphasized. The number of pregnant women needing perinatal management is growing. The number of trained midwifery nurse practitioner is also growing contributed from different nursing schools meaning different practice methodologies necessitating national guidelines to be adopted. A search of the literature revealed that the British Columbia guidelines provided a framework which could be adopted and adapted for use in the formulation of best practices guidelines to advance collaborative and supportive care as it applies to perinatal health care and client-centred childbirth. The guidelines were premised on the inkling that the use of the ideal strategy and a coordinated approach results in appropriate identification and effective management of mental pathology. The framework and the resultant guidelines, were able to guard against disturbances in the mental wellbeing of the women, whilst excluding the presence of mental disorders. The pillars of the framework we adopted to address dimensions namely: of instruction and avoidance, assessment and the verdict, therapy and self-administration, adapting and backup linkages. The adopted framework facilitates recognition, diagnosis, management and keeping track of ladies with identified mental health challenges. These were conceptualized as recognition, diagnosis, management and follow-up, giving a more promotive and preventive flair to the Zimbabwean perinatal mental health guidelines. Therefore, the theoretical framework for guidelines in mental health views mental stability is an interconnected quadlet of recognition of the tell-tail signs of the disease, diagnosis of the condition, management of the disease and follow-up of the those who have been successfully managed for possible relapses.
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Liu, Zhi-qiang, Teng Zhang, and Yi-fan Wang. "Research on Local Dynamic Path Planning Method for Intelligent Vehicle Lane-Changing." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (March 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4762658.
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A local dynamic path planning method is proposed to compensate for the lack of consideration of the movement state of surrounding vehicles, the poor comfort, and the low traffic efficiency when the existing vehicle changes lanes automatically. Firstly, the cubic polynomial is predefined, and the optimal track path is solved. According to the real-time information of environment perception, the model is continuously modified by acquiring real-time information in the course of path planning, and the regional safety of the vehicle is realized. The Carsim and simulink simulation results and actual vehicle verification show that, compared with the traditional nondynamic research method, this method can effectively solve the problem that the vehicle speed variation and the sudden intrusions of the vehicle leading to the compulsory operation of the vehicle during the course of lane-changing. The safety is also improved. In order to ensure the vehicle comfort and stability, the lane-changing time is shortened by 20%, and the efficiency of lane-changing is improved obviously.
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Ma, Xuechan, and Anran Zhang. "Be the First Investor to Eat Crabs in North Korea: Tips for Bilateral Investment Treaties." Journal of World Investment & Trade 22, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 181–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340207.
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Abstract As the last economic frontier in Northeast Asia, North Korea is a promising land but at the same time a risky land for foreign investment. The ‘dual-track’ policy of advancing both the political stability and economic development promoted by the present leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-un, has prompted the outside world to speculate that he is determined to gradually open the doors to the economy of North Korea to attract foreign investment as initial capital to mobilise domestic economic growth. By conducting a systemic and comparative analysis of the existing bilateral investment treaties (BIT s) signed by North Korea in the Kim Jong-il era, this article has put forward eight tips that can better prepare those daredevils who are interested in seizing the future opportunity to invest in North Korea in the present Kim Jong-un era. It is predicted that denuclearisation will bring a new era for North Korean BIT s.
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Tang, Jiajie, Jie Zhao, Hongliang Zou, Gaoyuan Ma, Jun Wu, Xu Jiang, and Huaixun Zhang. "Bus Load Forecasting Method of Power System Based on VMD and Bi-LSTM." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910526.
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The effective prediction of bus load can provide an important basis for power system dispatching and planning and energy consumption to promote environmental sustainable development. A bus load forecasting method based on variational modal decomposition (VMD) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network was proposed in this article. Firstly, the bus load series was decomposed into a group of relatively stable subsequence components by VMD to reduce the interaction between different trend information. Then, a time series prediction model based on Bi-LSTM was constructed for each sub sequence, and Bayesian theory was used to optimize the sub sequence-related hyperparameters and judge whether the sequence uses Bi-LSTM to improve the prediction accuracy of a single model. Finally, the bus load prediction value was obtained by superimposing the prediction results of each subsequence. The example results show that compared with the traditional prediction algorithm, the proposed method can better track the change trend of bus load, and has higher prediction accuracy and stability.
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Guenther, Margarita, Gerald Gerlach, Thomas Wallmersperger, Mahender Nath Avula, Seung Hei Cho, X. Xie, B. V. Devener, et al. "Smart Hydrogel-Based Biochemical Microsensor Array for Medical Diagnostics." Advances in Science and Technology 85 (September 2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.85.47.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of micro systems technology and microelectronics, smart implantable wireless electronic systems are emerging for the continuous surveillance of relevant parameters in the body and even for closed-loop systems with a sensor feed-back to drug release systems. With respect to diabetes management, there is a critical societal need for a fully integrated sensor array that can be used to continuously measure a patient’s blood glucose concentration, pH, pCO2 and colloid oncotic pressure twenty four hours a day on a long-term basis. In this work, thin films of metabolite-specific or “smart” hydrogels were combined with microfabricated piezoresistive pressure transducers to obtain “chemomechanical sensors” that can serve as selective and versatile wireless biomedical sensors and sensor arrays for a continuous monitoring of several metabolites. Sensor response time and accuracy with which sensors can track gradual changes in glucose, pH, CO2 and ionic strength, respectively, was estimated in vitro using simulated physiological solutions. The biocompatibility and hermeticity of the developed multilayer encapsulation for the microsensor array has been investigated concerning the long-term stability and enduring functionality that is desired for permanent implants.
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Škrinjarić, Tihana. "Higher Moments Actually Matter: Spillover Approach for Case of CESEE Stock Markets." Mathematics 10, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 4811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10244811.
Full textAbstract:
The interconnectedness of stock markets is an important topic in empirical research, as spillovers on financial markets matter for asset pricing, portfolio allocation, financial stability, and risk management. This research focuses on all four moments of return distributions on stock markets and their spillovers between CESEE (Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe) stock markets. Higher moments analysis needs to be explored more deeply, but can provide detailed insights into distribution shifts of market returns due to shocks in other markets. This research fills such a gap in the literature by estimating spillover effects between the four moments of stock market return distributions. Based on data from January 2013 to September 2022, the VAR (vector autoregression) model is estimated for individual moments across stock markets as a base for the calculation of spillover indices. The main findings indicate that it is difficult to track all the spillovers at once as the net emitter of shocks to one or other of the countries involved often change to being a net receiver and vice versa. Moreover, higher moments spillovers matter for individual markets, which has important implications for dynamic portfolio selection.
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Song, Hui, Dayi Qu, Haibing Guo, Kekun Zhang, and Tao Wang. "Lane-Changing Trajectory Tracking and Simulation of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Model Predictive Control." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 13272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013272.
Full textAbstract:
In order to realize the lane-changing maneuver of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV), a lateral controller based on model predictive control is developed with the three degrees of freedom vehicle dynamic model. Then the controller is synthesized to track the reference trajectory fitted by the quintic Bézier curve. The controller is validated by MATLAB/CarSim under different road adhesion conditions and driving speeds. Results show that for different road adhesion conditions and driving speeds, the controller does not need to adjust the control parameters and can continuously correct the deviation from the expected trajectory. During the tracking process, the front wheel angle, front wheel angle increment, centroid side deflection angle, and front wheel side deflection angle are kept within the limited constraint range. The established control algorithm has good control robustness and tracking driving stability. The research can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for lane-changing safety and control of CAV.