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1
Meiser, Martin. "Biblical Performance und das Markusevangelium." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Catholica Latina 67, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/theol.cath.latina.2022.lxvii.2.02.
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New Testament texts were mostly not read silently but heard aloud. Accordingly, some of them, especially the Gospel of Mark, still bear the traces of this form of communication and are also calculated to do so. The listeners reacted with emotional statements. The new Biblical Performance Criticism that has emerged in the USA makes these insights the basis of interpretation, in distinction from approaches that are too strongly literary. The present article seeks to raise the profit of this interpretation for textual interpretation and tries to integrate the insights of Biblical Performance Criticism into conventional exegesis of the Gospel of Mark
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Breiner, Peter. "Raymond Aron’s engagement with Weber: Recovery or retreat?" Journal of Classical Sociology 11, no. 2 (May 2011): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x10396273.
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This article traces the arc of Aron’s interpretation of Weber from his dynamic political reading of Weber’s sociology to his deflationary criticism, a criticism that robs Weber’s sociology, in particularly his political sociology, of the very force that led Aron to embrace it in the first place. At the outset I trace Aron’s stylized dynamic political reading of Max Weber’s historical sociology, political sociology, and sociologically informed political ethics, a reading in which Weber’s interpretive notion of meaningful action and his notion of counterfactual judgment in providing explanation become central to Weber’s political sociology. I show how for Aron Weber’s historical sociology in general and his political sociology in particular serve to provide a model for how sociology can clarify for political actors the existential political choices they may face in making decisions. But I also argue that when Aron subsequently turns to a criticism of Weber in the name of cleansing his theory of political extremity, he undermines all the dynamic elements in Weber’s political sociology so central to his original interpretation. The upshot of this move is that he comes up with a concept of political sociology that is static, structurally rigid, and curiously time-bound. Thus precisely the moderation and restraint for which Aron is so frequently praised become fundamental weaknesses when we examine his revision of Weber’s political sociology and its meaning for a sociologically informed political judgment.
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Pechenkin, Alexander. "The Ensemble Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Scientific Realism." Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 9, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2021.1.01.
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The article takes under consideration three versions of the ensemble (statistical) interpretation of quantum mechanics and discusses the interconnection of these interpretations with the philosophy of science. To emphasize the specifics of the problem of interpretation of quantum mechanics in the USSR, the Marxist ideology is taken into account. The present paper continues the author’s previous analysis of ensemble interpretations which emerged in the USA and USSR in the first half of the 20th century. The author emphasizes that the ensemble approach turned out to be a dead end for the development of the interpretation of quantum mechanics in Russia. The article also argues that in Soviet Russia, the classical Copenhagen (standard) approach to quantum mechanics was used. The Copenhagen approach was developed by Lev Landau in 1919–1931 and became the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz famous course on quantum mechanics, one of the classics of twentieth-century physics literature (the first edition was published in 1947). Although Vladimir A. Fock’s approach to the interpretation of quantum mechanics differs from the standard presentation by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, Fock put forward a very important principle that complementarity is a “firmly established law of nature”. The fundamental writings of Lev Landau, Vladimir Fock and Igor Tamm, the authors of the mid-twentieth century, did a lot to defend the standard point of view such as the popular interpretations by Landau and Lifshitz. This approach can be traced back to Landau’s early writings and to Fock’s criticism of the ensemble approach.
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Shcherbina, Yu I. "Appeal to the Work of F. M. Dostoevsky by Russian Emigration in Chekhia: A. L. Bem and the Psychoanalytic Method of Interpreting a Work of Art." Philosophical Letters. Russian and European Dialogue 3, no. 4 (December 2020): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2658-5413-2020-3-4-146-157.
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The article is devoted to the conversion around works of F. M. Dostoevsky which took place among Czech intellectuals, among whom there were a lot of immigrants from Russia. In this context, the example of Alfred Ludwigovich Bem is indicative. The article reveals main reasons for the interest in Dostoevsky in Czechoslovakia. An important role in the study of Dostoevsky was played by the so-called ‘Russian action of aid’ and ‘Russian trace’ left by the exiles in Prague. In this regard, A. L. Bem is interesting not only as a researcher who devoted many works to Dostoevsky’s work but also as one of the founders of Dostoevsky’s first international society. Bem was also one of the first researchers who applied psychoanalysis to the interpretation of Dostoevsky’s literary works. He was also one of those who also analyzed the specifics of using psychoanalytic methods in literary criticism. The article reveals the methodological basis of Bem’s interpretation: attention is drawn not only to the connection between the theme “Dostoevsky and his Reader” and psychoanalysis (Bem’s ‘method of small observations’), but also to the origins of Bem’s interpretation of psychoanalysis associated with the formal school in literary criticism; the disadvantages of psychoanalysis as a way of interpreting a work of art are emphasized.
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Haubenreich, Jacob. "The Trail, the Archive, the Museum, and the Book: Confronting Materiality in Literary Studies." New German Critique 47, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 141–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-8607647.
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Abstract This article examines the persistence of the notion of the immaterial text in literary studies, now decades into the so-called material turn. Digitization of manuscripts increasingly confronts us with the facts of textual materiality and material authorship, yet many scholars remain ill-equipped to engage these traces in order to expand the possibilities of textual interpretation. The journeys of Peter Handke’s notebooks serve as a case study on how to interrogate various definitions of text and methodological approaches that reinforce an understanding of texts as immaterial. This article thus elucidates the conceptual and methodological impediments to more comprehensively integrating materiality into interpretation; an uneasiness, for example, about approaching authorship—the process and agency of textual production—lingers despite resurrections since the Author’s “death” and more recent transdisciplinary retheorizations of agency. The article finally looks to reflections on materiality in another field, art history, to clarify the reasons that integrating materiality into interpretative criticism remains so difficult, so that the field might begin to move beyond these obstacles.
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Honcharuk, V. "Artistic explorations of Lviv artists of decorative and applied arts in small-scale plastics of the second half of the 20th century: image of a human being." Science and Education a New Dimension IX(258), no. 47 (September 25, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-hs2021-258ix47-02.
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The present article examines the special characteristics of the development of small-scale sculpture as an independent phenomenon in Lviv fine arts of the second half of the 20th century within the framework of the interpretation of a human being image, since the following problem has not been sufficiently studied in Ukrainian art criticism. In particular, the research focuses on the specific features of artistic experiments of the representatives of decorative and applied art in the field of anthropomorphic sculpture; traces characteristic features of conceptual and modelling solutions; identifies artistic and stylistic features and peculiarities of the representation of a human being image. The author stresses upon the role of Lviv Ceramic and Sculpture Factory that largely set trends in the development of small-scale sculpture. In addition, as based on works of famous representatives of Lviv school of decorative arts, the author identifies the variety of interpretations and wide range of modelling means as well as traces the most vivid anthropomorphic designs.
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Plamenov Delev, Christian. "Beyond Powder Kegs and Crystal Balls: Finding Meaning in the Appellate Body’s Interpretation of WTO Law." Groningen Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.8.1.1-29.
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This article seeks to establish the interpretative methodology used by the WTO Appellate Body and panels in deciding cases. The modern WTO dispute settlement system has been the subject of great criticism, including allegations of judicial activism and use of judicial precedent. These perspectives are founded upon a false theoretical dichotomy, whereby the WTO system is viewed either as a global constitutional system or, alternatively, that its rules are subsidiary to a host of other values and norms, including environmental protection, human rights and national regulatory choice. First, the modifications in institutional architecture under the dispute settlement system are traced and discussed. This includes an analysis of treaty changes, the organisation and structure of panels and the adoption of reports. Subsequently, an analysis of WTO/GATT jurisprudence is made to ascertain the various legal sources used, the normative hierarchy established, the application of VCLT provisions and other rules of treaty interpretation, the use of evolutionary interpretation and the significance of special rules. This Section relies on case law and academic literature. Finally, the question of the fragmentation of international law is addressed with respect to treaty interpretation. This Section analyses legal pluralist arguments, particularly by Weiler, Fischer-Lescano and Teubner and establishes legitimate responses to their arguments. Moreover, certain similarities are established with other international courts and tribunals.
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Homar, Katie. "Rhetorical Accretion and Rhetorical Criticism in William Hazlitt’s Eloquence of the British Senate." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 20, no. 3 (September 2017): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.20.3.0285.
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ABSTRACT This paper examines William Hazlitt’s collection, Eloquence of the British Senate (1807), alongside our interest in reception, accretion, and the rhetorical culture of Parliament. I trace Hazlitt’s interpretation of oratory, including his analysis of remediated, printed speech. Hazlitt investigates the circulation and power of oratory in modern print culture, while beginning a multidisciplinary, career-long interest in rhetoric. By mapping how Hazlitt criticizes the status quo while avoiding partisan exposes of corruption, I argue he thinks like a critical rhetorician in ways that enrich our histories of nineteenth-century rhetoric and help us reflect on our own enterprise as historians of rhetoric.
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Ramirez Ortega, Graciela. "The reception of the novel by M. Bulgakov “Master and Margarita” in the Ibero-American cultural space." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-578-584.
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The objectives of this work is to analyze the reviews of the novel “Master and Margarita” in Latin American criticism; to identify and describe the dominant ways of reception of the novel, to draw conclusions about the features of its literacy and critical interpretation in Latin America. In this paper we have the opportunity to trace path of Bulgakov’s novel through Spain to Latin America and, in particular, to Mexico, since in most cases, Latin American countries first become acquainted with foreign works of literature through translations into Spanish from Spain, which are made for large publishing houses such as “Alianza”, “Mondadori”, “Cátedra”.
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Mouzala, Melina G. "Aristotle’s Criticism of the Platonic Forms as Causes in De Generatione et Corruptione II 9. A Reading Based on Philoponus’ Exegesis." Peitho. Examina Antiqua 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2016): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2016.1.6.
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In the De Generatione et Corruptione II 9, Aristotle aims to achieve the confirmation of his theory of the necessity of the efficient cause. In this chapter he sets out his criticism on the one hand of those who wrongly attributed the efficient cause to other kinds of causality and on the other, of those who ignored the efficient cause. More specifically Aristotle divides all preceding theories which attempted to explain generation and corruption into two groups: i) those which offered an explanation by using the formal cause ii) those which provided an explanation by using the material or the instrumental causes. According to Philoponus, when Aristotle reproaches the other philosophers for adducing no proper notion of the efficient cause he alludes to both Anaxagoras and Plato. Regarding Anaxagoras, in our view this cannot be confirmed by internal textual evidence. In terms of Plato, in this chapter we trace an explicit and an implicit criticism of the Platonic Forms as causes. Aristotle’s implicit criticism is that the Forms are not at all active causes. We can understand better the grounds for this criticism if we also consider his relevant arguments in Book Lambda of his Metaphysics. His explicit criticism, articulated in two arguments, is formulated in GC 335b18–24. We examine the different lines of its interpretation in the secondary literature, but primarily we focus on Philoponus’ exegesis, which contributes significantly, not only to the clarification of Aristotle’s thinking, but also to the manifestation of the arguments articulated in defence of the Platonic theory of the Forms. In this paper, through the analysis of Philoponus’ exegesis we set out to prove that Aristotle’s criticism of the Platonic causes can be construed from the perspective of either Aristotelian theory or the Platonic and Neoplatonic influence. Finally, based on Philoponus’ exegesis, we examine Aristotle’s criticism of those who posited matter or instrumental causes as efficient causes.
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Glazkova, Marina M., and Yana V. Ikonnikova. "Virtual-creative interethnic dialogue (A. Gide – F. Nietzsche – F. Dostoevsky) in French and Russian literary criticism." Neophilology, no. 25 (2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2021-7-25-51-61.
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The review of literature on the problem of “Dialogue of cultures in A. Gide’s works” establish extensive contact and typological convergence, a rollcall of images and ideas, reveal new interpretation of the story. All this became the basis of intertextual analysis, which allows us to understand more deeply the intention of the artists of the word, especially F.M. Dostoevsky, with whom A. Gide enters into a virtual dialogue. The work purpose is to address the ethical and philo-sophical ideas of F. Nietzsche and F.M. Dostoevsky in the context of A. Gide’s works, which turns out to be the most important moment and the basis for understanding the essence of the work of prominent French writer. The system of analysis includes a peculiar dialogue between F. Nietzsche, A. Gide and F.M. Dostoevsky – artists belonging to different nationalities and cul-tures, who did not coincide in time, did not know each other personally, which turned out to be evidence of their inextricable cultural connection. We determine the study degree and A. Gide’s artistic world originality on the basis of the rich factual material contained in the studies of the creative heritage of the French writer, which allows us to trace the evolution of A. Gide’s work from the beginning of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century, to determine the literary signi-ficance of the problems posed in his work. The methodology of the work includes an overview of what has already been done in French and Russian literary studies on this issue in the context of the embodiment of national ideas in their work, which is the novelty and relevance of this study. Conclusions: for A. Gide, an appeal to F.M. Dostoevsky was immersed in his literary texts in order to understand the Russian mentality in comparison with the Western European system of values. The French writer emphasized that in the Russian environment, depicted by F.M. Dostoevsky, love prevails, which is “inclusive”, so the writer called it “world responsiveness”. People go to such love through compassion, sacrifice, meekness and deep faith in the Savior and the Mother of God. Realizing their messianic role in the world, the Russian people, represented by F.M. Dostoevsky, according to A. Gide, in the future will renew the Catholic Church, which dis-torted Christianity and brought strife in the world community. The dialogical perspective requires a deeper study, because French, German and Russian writers-thinkers turn their gaze not only to the interpretative part, not only to the interpretation, interpretation of the works of F.M. Dos-toevsky, but also scattered in the works of A. Gide rolls with his thoughts, disputes with his heroes, allusions to his plots, to playing out individual episodes, which did not find a detailed study and justification in this interesting virtual dialogue.
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Kropyvko, Iryna V. "INTERPRETATIVE STRATEGIES OF MODERN PROSE IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CRITICISM." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-2.
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The aim of the research is to consider the interpretive strategies with respect to modern prose in the context of critical anthropology, which, on the one hand, unveils mentality of modern person, and on the other hand, influences its formation. This article identifies the theoretical foundations of interpretive strategies in anthropological criticism. The theoretical framework of the research is grounded on the ideas advanced by T. Boellstorff, A. Brandel, O. Halchuk, O. Haleta, V. Iser, M. P. Markowski, O. Polishchuk, N. Rapport, E. Wiles, B. Williams and other scholars. Research methods include anthropology, hermeneutics, and theoretical analysis of their basic notions. The academic novelty is in new emphasis on considering interpretive strategies of modern prose in terms of anthropological criticism. The interpretive strategies are viewed as an aspect that emphasizes the specificity of modern person’s way of thinking its direction. Modern person’s imaginative way of thinking is gradually balanced in life by abstract and conceptual framings. The study of interpretive strategies in terms of critical anthropology helps to solve two tasks: to find out how the non-academic community regards the image of oneself as a person of today, and to highlight the mechanisms and specificity of figurative thinking that manifests itself through involvement into art either as author or as recipient. It affects personal disposition as well as self-identification. Reader’s text interpretation procedure includes the processes of text creation as well as the reader’s inscription in the text itself. Besides, the process of text interpretation throughout the reading determines the production of long-term reader’s self-reflection. Nowadays literary anthropology and criticism makes it possible to consider author, recipient, and critic as cultural actants of the literary field. It also makes it possible to trace the way the image of modern person is revealed in literary text, and what are the mechanisms and strategies that create this image of the reader. Thus, the aesthetic parameters of the reception of the literary work are inscribed in the reader that influence the scope of interpretation and, accordingly, the personal growth of the recipient as it is revealed in the text. Conclusion. Interpretive strategies are recognized as a variety of textual devices along with narrative and receptive ones. Modern prose, positioned as belonging to post-non-classical literature, in contrast to classical and non-classical ones, are able to implement not one, but several different strategies focused on different types of perception. Interpretive strategies inscribed in modern texts reflect the specifics of Homo digitalis as well as virtual environment. The study of the “virtuality” of modern prose is effective in applying the methods of literary anthropology. Its interests are gradually shifting from a supporting function in the study of person by cultural and social anthropology to the analysis of literary text relying on the achievements of anthropological criticism for verifying and revealing the specifics of literary creativity and the activity of actants in the diverse literary writings.
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Carpov, Victor V. "Type-Antitype in Architecture." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (1993): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199351/24.
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This essay focuses on the typological dilemma in architecture in its theological aspect in an attempt to restore the vital, transcendental, universal method at the core of theological hermeneutics---the Biblical typological interpretation. Following this theological matrix, it is easier to comprehend the actual transformation of Alberti's Six Basic Principles of Architecture into Le Corbusier's Five Points of New Architecture. We thus trace the collective historical experience in architectural theory and practice, history and criticism. The metaphorical assumption of the theological dogma of the unity of Scripture expressed in terms of the type-antitype methodology helps one understand these processes in their religious, historical, cultural, and artistic totality.
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Carpov, Victor V. "Type-Antitype in Architecture." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (1993): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199351/24.
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This essay focuses on the typological dilemma in architecture in its theological aspect in an attempt to restore the vital, transcendental, universal method at the core of theological hermeneutics---the Biblical typological interpretation. Following this theological matrix, it is easier to comprehend the actual transformation of Alberti's Six Basic Principles of Architecture into Le Corbusier's Five Points of New Architecture. We thus trace the collective historical experience in architectural theory and practice, history and criticism. The metaphorical assumption of the theological dogma of the unity of Scripture expressed in terms of the type-antitype methodology helps one understand these processes in their religious, historical, cultural, and artistic totality.
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Makarova, Anna F. "Criticism of capitalism and socialism in the philosophy of Nikolai Berdyaev." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 21, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-3-263-267.
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Philosophical understanding of the economy and economics is not the main, but significant topic of the reflections of Russian religious philosophers. It is important to trace the specifics of the formation of the Russian view on the economy and economics, on the basic principles of the economic systems’ structure (among which we can single out capitalism and socialism), since the interpretation of Russian thinkers, including N. А. Berdyaev, cannot be included in the mainstream of Western economic thought. The article examines the criticism of capitalism and socialism in the post-revolutionary works of Nikolai Berdyaev, highlights the key contradictions of the two basic principles of economic organization with the post-revolutionary views of the thinker, which were significantly strengthened after the revolutionary events of 1917; these views can be conditionally called socialist-personalistic. Inheriting the tradition of Russian thought, Berdyaev unequivocally rejects the capitalist principles (in many respects this attitude was formed by the period of his legal Marxism), while he assesses socialist concepts ambiguously, with a certain amount of sympathy for the very socialist formulation of the problem of justice and the fight against “slavery”, exploitation of a man by a man. The article indicates the main line of criticism of Christian socialism by Berdyaev, and also describes his preferred variant of socialism, that he called “social personalism”.
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Zafra, Juan Varo. "Jean Baruzi y el problema del símbolo sanjuanista." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 43, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.43.1.11zaf.
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The article analyses and discusses the concepts of symbol and allegory in relation to Jean Baruzi’s classic study of the poetry of St. John of the Cross, Saint John of the Cross and the Problem of Mystical Experience. These concepts have been accepted to greater or lesser degree by the majority of St. John of the Cross criticism. My reading attempts to trace the historical circumstances that conditioned Baruzi’s approach and argues for the need to reassess the reach and the pertinence of applying these aesthetic categories in the interpretation of 16th century mystical poetry, taking the conditions and unique specifics determined by the epoch and the parameters of the tradition of Christian mysticism as interpretive horizon.
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Bonch-Osmolovskaya, Olga A. "The Crisis of Han Classical Scholarship and Exegetical Trends in the Kingdom of Wei." China: society and culture 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2022): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ch81801.
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The paper focuses on Confucian exegetical thought during the transition from the late Han to Three Kingdoms period (late 2nd and 3rd Cent. AD). The political crisis, which resulted in collapse of the Eastern Han dynasty and led to the decentralization of power, accelerated some processes that had already begun in the field of Confucian exegetics during the Eastern Han period. As the first consequence, the school traditions of the Han Classical scholarship lost both unity and authority. The debates that broke out in the 3rd Cent. AD on the topic of correct or incorrect interpretation of the texts of Confucian Classics, together with the emergence of new versions of interpretations and criticism of previous commentators, are associated with bringing exegetics to the level of a fairly open discussion. All this contributed to the shift of exegetical research to the polemic stage, starting from the late Han and Three Kingdoms period, when Confucian scholars openly refuted each other, introduced new commentary types, compiled their commentaries in the form of a dialogue. The paper traces main trends of Confucian Classical scholarship in the Cao-Wei kingdom and examines main commentary works of this period.
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Mallard, Grégoire. "Interpreters of the Literary Canon and Their Technical Instruments: The Case of Balzac Criticism." American Sociological Review 70, no. 6 (December 2005): 992–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000606.
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Drawing insights from the ethnographies in the natural sciences, which have focused on the role of technical instruments in laboratory practices, this article asks, “What role do technical instruments play in the humanities?” Editions of La Comédie humaine, written by Honoré de Balzac, are taken as a case study. Primarily based on ethnographic research with Balzac scholars, this article traces the evolution of Balzac's text from a unified and unadorned text in the 1930s, to a single annotated text in the critical edition of the 1970s, and to a searchable electronic format of different versions. The author shows that the different schools of interpretation in Balzac criticism (traditional, semioticians, socio-critics) constructed these diverse editing technologies to influence the evolution of literary theories. For instance, traditional scholars' theory of authorship entertains en elective affinity with the critical edition of La Comédie humaine. Sociocritics challenged its assumptions and constructed electronic editions to develop their own theories, particularly on the genesis and reception of Balzac's texts. By focusing on the epistemic cultures in which research practices are embedded, this case study complements purely institutionalist perspectives on knowledge-production in the academic field and highlights the presence of diverse epistemic cultures in literary criticism.
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Demin, I. V. "Christianity and the “Social Question” in N.А. Berdyaev’s and S.L. Frank’s Philosophical Works." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2021.3.135-153.
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The article analyzes and compares two interpretations of the “social question” and the ways of solving it as they are offered in the works of N.A. Berdyaev and S.L. Frank. A particular attention is paid to the connection between the “social question” and the problem of “Christian socialism”. While acknowledging the general importance of the social issues for the Christian mindset, both philosophers traced the origin of social injustice to the human nature rather than to the social structure. In both interpretations, in fact, the value of social justice is inferior in its hierarchal status to the value of Christian love. However, while they both rejected the socialist utopia of a “paradise on Earth” and the idea of a “Christian socialism”, Berdyaev and Frank radically diverged in their interpretation and assessment of socialism as a social system. This article highlights the fact that Berdyaev combines a criticism of the ideological claims concerning atheistic and materialist socialism with an uncritical acceptance of a number of socialist ideologies (e.g. “class struggle” and “exploitation”) and assumptions. Unlike Berdyaev, in interpreting the “social issue” Frank tended to distance himself from both classical liberalism (with its notions of private property, freedom, and state) and from socialism, which he considered as another ideological extremity. Frank’s social philosophy treats the thesis that the socialist system is more consistent and successful than others in tackling the “social issue” as an empirically dubious assumption. On the contrary, Berdyaev took this thesis for granted and used it as the starting point of his reasoning. This divergence, along with the fact that the same key terms were often used by the two philosophers in different (ideological) meanings, partly accounts for their differences in the interpretation of the “social question” and in the assessment of socialism.
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Huisman, Rosemary. "The discipline of English Literature from the perspective of SFL register." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00005.hui.
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AbstractThe paper first traces the history and elaboration of the tertiary discipline English Literature through the 19th and 20th centuries to the present day, with special focus on the axiology, the values, given to the discipline and with a brief account of literary criticism and literary theory. It then refers to the work on registerial cartography in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and explores the register of the contemporary discipline in first-order field of activity and second-order field of experience, with examples from the language of webpages and exam papers of Australian universities. It continues with a brief overview of the author’s own work using SFL in the study ofthe poeticandthe narrativein English poetry and prose fiction of different historical periods and concludes with a caveat on the central disciplinary process, that of interpretation.
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Mitchell, Margaret M. "John Chrysostom and Christian Love Magic: A Spellbinding Moment in the History of Interpretation of 1 Cor 7.2–4." New Testament Studies 68, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688521000394.
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AbstractThis article, originally presented as the presidential address at the 2021 SNTS meeting, held virtually via Leuven due to Covid-19 conditions, investigates the nature of Pauline interpretation, past and present. It brings into the scholarly conversation a neglected ancient source, John Chrysostom's occasional homily on 1 Cor 7.2–4 (Hom. 1 Cor. 7–4 (CPG 4377)), and provides an analysis of key passages showing how the late antique orator-bishop seeks to turn Paul's words from the fifties to Corinth into a magical incantation, and, as inscribed on various materials, a talisman against the evils associated with porneia. The article concludes with defence of the category ‘Christian love magic’ and an argument that New Testament studies constitutes a unified field which should unite (rather than separate out) the work of philology, historical contextualisation, literary criticism, humanistic commitments and hermeneutical sophistication as we trace and analyse the ways human agents construct meanings with New Testament texts, then and now.
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Jazienicki, Zbigniew. "The Trace of Political Theology in Stanisław Lem’s Memoirs Found in a Bathtub." Tekstualia 3, no. 50 (September 17, 2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3410.
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The article focuses on Stanisław Lem’s novel Memoirs Found in a Bathtub which is discussed in the postsecular contexts of the Jewish theology and its political implications. The interpretation is supported by the latest biographical research on Lem’s life which implies that his Jewish identity, concealed by the author in the communist reality, and experience of the Holocaust have been ignored or at least insuffi ciently articulated in Lem criticism. The article analyzes Lem’s novel as an attempt to rethink the main categories of Jewish theology, such as creation, revelation and salvation, as a theoretical frame of this Kafkaesque anti-totalitarian satire. In this work, the writer not only identifi es the theological axis of a modern politics, but also tries to point to a possible – unobtrusively subversive – line of fl ight by adumbrating the “Messianic” strategy of escaping from the Mythical closure of the biopolitical necessity.
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Tyra, Steven W. "When Considering Creation, Simply Follow the Rule (of Faith): Patristic Exegesis of Romans 8:19–22 and the Theological Interpretation of Scripture." Journal of Theological Interpretation 8, no. 2 (2014): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26373928.
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ABSTRACT Romans 8:19–22 and its "groaning creation" have long provoked lively discussion and disagreement among commentators. Alongside more traditional historical criticism, the passage has recently been the subject of theologically driven interpretation in a particular vein. Commentators responding to the "ecological crisis" have utilized the text to explore the intersection of biblical studies and environmental concerns. This study seeks to enter these wider interpretive discussions with historical perspective. In this article, I trace Patristic exegesis of the text through the fourth century, with special attention to the "Rule of Faith" and its fruitfulness as an ancient–and perhaps contemporary—hermeneutic. Figures that I analyze in detail include Irenaeus, Ambrosiaster, Origen, and Augustine. The study concludes by suggesting that the early church's Rule was indeed an effective interpretive tool in regard to Rom 8:19–22—but only under certain conditions.
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Tyra, Steven W. "When Considering Creation, Simply Follow the Rule (of Faith): Patristic Exegesis of Romans 8:19–22 and the Theological Interpretation of Scripture." Journal of Theological Interpretation 8, no. 2 (2014): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jtheointe.8.2.0251.
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ABSTRACT Romans 8:19–22 and its "groaning creation" have long provoked lively discussion and disagreement among commentators. Alongside more traditional historical criticism, the passage has recently been the subject of theologically driven interpretation in a particular vein. Commentators responding to the "ecological crisis" have utilized the text to explore the intersection of biblical studies and environmental concerns. This study seeks to enter these wider interpretive discussions with historical perspective. In this article, I trace Patristic exegesis of the text through the fourth century, with special attention to the "Rule of Faith" and its fruitfulness as an ancient–and perhaps contemporary—hermeneutic. Figures that I analyze in detail include Irenaeus, Ambrosiaster, Origen, and Augustine. The study concludes by suggesting that the early church's Rule was indeed an effective interpretive tool in regard to Rom 8:19–22—but only under certain conditions.
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Shirokova, Marina. "Political ethics about the phenomenon of politics in its interaction with morality." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185505002.
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The article considers the reasons for the formation of political ethics as a science and a discipline. Its appearance was caused by the crisis of the state domestic and foreign policies in the 1960s and 1970s, the collapse of value orientations in the public consciousness, as well as the loss of the authority of politics in the eyes of society. All this led to a steadily high interest in ethical issues and criticism of politics from a moral standpoint. The author traces the evolution of the interpretation of the concept of politics from antiquity to our days. Like all human activities, politics needs values and the axiological system. But in the modern world, the dehumanization of politics is taking place. Thus, the issue of restoring ties between politics and morality is largely a matter of continuing existence and prospects for human development.
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Rossius, Iuliia. "Emilio Betti: from the history of law to the general theory of interpretation." Философская мысль, no. 11 (November 2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.11.34232.
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The goal of this article consists in demonstration of the impact of research in the field of history and theory of law alongside the hermeneutics of Emilio Betti impacted the vector of this philosophical thought. The subject of this article is the lectures read by Emilio Betti (prolusioni) in 1927 and 1948, as well as his writings of 1949 and 1962. Analysis is conducted on the succession of Betti's ideas in these works, which is traced despite the discrepancy in their theme (legal and philosophical). The author indicates “legal” origin of the canons of Bettis’ hermeneutics, namely the canon of autonomy of the object. Emphasis is placed on the problem of objectivity in Betti's theory, as well as on dialectical tension between the historicity of the interpreted subject and strangeness of the object that accompanies legal, as well as any other type of interpretation. The article reveals the key moment of Betti's criticism of Hans-Georg Gadamer. Regarding the question of historicity of the subject of interpretation. The conclusion is made that the origin of the general theory of interpretation lies in the approaches and methods developed and implemented by Betti back in legal hermeneutics and in studying history of law. Betti's philosophical theory was significantly affected by the idea on the role of modern legal dogma in interpretation of the history of law. Namely this idea that contains the principle of historicity of the subject of interpretation, which commenced the general hermeneutical theory of Emilio Betti, was realized in canon of the relevance of understanding in the lecture in 1948, and later in the “general theory of interpretation”. The author also underlines that the question of objectivity of understanding, which has crucial practical importance in legal hermeneutics, was transmitted into the philosophical works of E. Betti, finding reflection in dialectic of the subject and object of interpretation.
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Abas Musofa, Ahmad. "Melacak Geneologi Keilmuan Masyarakat Jalur Sanad Intelektual Muslim Bengkulu Tahun 1985-2020." Indonesian Journal of Islamic History and Culture 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ijihc.v1i2.611.
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Socio-religious scholarly in the community are reflected in either daily practice or literary works inherited. Through Muslim intellectuals, the scientific genealogy of society can be traced, either through their educational background or through their knowledge. The purpose of this article is to monitor the scientific genealogy of society through the knowledge of Muslim intellectuals who are active in various institutions and organizations. The historical research method used through four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Meanwhile, the approach used is intellectual history. This paper pioneered the study of the genealogy of Muslim intellectuals in Bengkulu, which so far received little attention. This is based on the results of studies related to Bengkulu Muslim intellectuals that have not been monitored on this issue. The important finding in this paper is that the scientific nature of each Muslim intellectual is different, but all sanad of the Muslim intellectuals are connected to the Prophet. The following is the scientific genealogy of society that is traced through sanad, they are tarekat (Syatariyah, Naqsyabandiyah, Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah, Syadziliyah), sanad al-Quran, sanad Hadith and sanad kitab.
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Lasmiyati, Lasmiyati. "DIPATI UKUR DAN JEJAK PENINGGALANNYA DI KECAMATAN CIPARAY KABUPATEN BANDUNG (1627-1633)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v8i3.15.
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Figures are people who have the charisma and work. The work of a person can be a text or historical relics, either as a live or as petilasan (traces of something in the past eg. buildings, etc.). Dipati Ukur served the adipati (Duke) in Tatar Ukur and served as regent wedana of Priangan (1627-1733), suffered an unfortunate fate. He must bear removal as regent wedana and nomadic, following a dispute with Mataram Kingdom. This study was conducted to answer the question who is Dipati Ukur?, has been active in what field?, and what legacy? The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results are to be obtained information that Dipati Ukur born in Purbolinggo Banyumas, Central Java. He was a descendant of Sunan Jambu Karang. From his wanderings after fighting a war against the Dutch in Batavia, he makes the building which is now a relic and petilasan (traces of something in the past eg. buildings, etc.). One proof of his legacy is the largest hill horn legacy in Sub-Ciparay, Bandung regency.
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Kuznetsova, Ekaterina V. "Traditions of franciscanism and pilgrimage in the life and work of A. Dobrolyubov." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, no. 25 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-19-30.
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The fate and personality of Alexander Dobrolyubov gave rise to a kind of Dobrolyubov myth about the eternal wanderer in the culture of the Russian Silver Age and in many ways unfairly obscured his literary work. The article traces the influence of Francis of Assisi on Dobrolyubov's own life-creating strategy and his contemporaries' perception of him as a «Russian Francis. The author considers the peculiarities of artistic interpretation of the whole complex of motifs associated with the fate and personality of the Italian saint in the last collection of Dobrolyubov's works, From the Book Invisible (1905). The author analyzes the image of the pilgrim, glorification (preaching) of the poor, hermit’s life and the unity of man and wildlife, plants and the elements of nature in the context of teachings of St. Francis and the Russian franciscanism of the modernist era; the features of their modernist reception are traced in Dobrolyubov’s works written after his «departure». On the other hand, the author reveals evidence that the poet implements the individual author's interpretation of the characteristic Russian cultural and historical phenomenon of pilgrimage (real, metaphysical and spiritual), which was reflected, for example, in N. S. Leskov’s works, and philosophically interpreted in science and criticism of the early 20th century (V. Rozanov, N. Berdyaev, etc.). The author suggests that the poet was influenced by an anonymous work of Russian religious literature «A Pilgrim's Confessional Stories to his Spiritual Father». As a result, the author concludes that the poet creates a modern variation of the Franciscan image of the «simple man» and the divine man, possessing the gift of communication with nature, who combines the features of an Italian ascetic preacher with the type of a Russian pilgrim-god-seeker.
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Karhu, Sanna. "Judith Butler's Critique of Violence and the Legacy of Monique Wittig." Hypatia 31, no. 4 (2016): 827–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12271.
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Although Judith Butler's theorization of violence has begun to receive growing scholarly attention, the feminist theoretical background of her notion of violence remains unexplored. In order to fill this lacuna, this article explicates the feminist genealogy of Butler's notion of violence. I argue that Butler's theorization of violence can be traced back to Gender Trouble, to her discussion of Monique Wittig's argument that the binary categorization of sex can be conceived as a form of discursive violence. I contend, first, that Butler starts to develop her notion of “gender violence” on the basis of her reading of Wittig, and second, that Butler's more recent writings on military violence and the ethics of nonviolence build on her early interpretation of Wittig. On the basis of my reading, I suggest, in contrast to recent criticism, that Butler's later critique of violence is not at odds with but rather expands upon her prior work on violence.
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Hanifah, Muna Roidatul. "PERJUANGAN MENCARI RUANG: Jedoran, Media Islamisasi, Dan Peminggiran Kesenian Islam Tulungagung 1970-1982." Al-Isnad: Journal of Islamic Civilization History and Humanities 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/isnad.v2i1.4906.
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This study is a concrete effort to trace the dynamics of Jedoran Tulungagung 1970-1982. Thistemporal term became the starting point for the paradigm shift of the Tulungagung people in interpretingIslamic art. The emergence of the 'Popular' prayer reduced the public's interest in Jedoran as anacculturative (Islamic and Javanese) shalawat art which has contributed to the history of Islamizationin Tulungagung. The study used historical research methodologies, namely: heuristics, source criticism,interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study indicate that there is one major narrativethat masterminds the dim existence of Jedoran from the Tulungagung art scene. This factor was the entryof the “Popular Islam†paradigm, which at that time was rapidly developing through radio, televisionand mobile phones in almost all parts of Indonesia. This has gradually resulted in the decline in people'sappetite for acculturative Islamic arts such as Jedoran. This factor is supported by two other situations,namely the cultural atmosphere in Tulungagung in general after 1965 and the difficulty in studyingJedoran which makes regeneration difficult.
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Johan Septian Putra and Nurcan Karali. "Traces of Islamic Sovereignty in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages." Journal of Islamic History and Manuscript 1, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jihm.v1i2.6956.
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Islam once gained sovereignty in the Eastern European region, which constituted the majority of Christians before Islam and after Islam entered there. In this contemporary era, Islam is not the majority place in Europe from the west to the east. The existence of Islam in the region in this modern era is inseparable from the historical contributions of the two axes of medieval Islamic dynasties, namely the Golden Horde Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire. The research objectives of this article are to describe the geographical location of Eastern Europe, explain the early arrivals, and analyze the two axes of Islamic sovereignty in medieval Eastern Europe. The research method of this study is a historical research method with library research and tracing information sources for this study through the internet. The flow or procedure of the historical research method includes four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study explain that ideological political factors are the most core factors in determining countries to enter Eastern Europe and the two nations that contributed to the existence of Islamic sovereignty in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages were the Mongols from 1235 to 1557 AD and the Turks from 1365 to 1574 AD through raids and conquests against Christian kingdoms in the region.
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Sánchez-Cañizares, Javier. "The Free Energy Principle: Good Science and Questionable Philosophy in a Grand Unifying Theory." Entropy 23, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020238.
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The Free Energy Principle (FEP) is currently one of the most promising frameworks with which to address a unified explanation of life-related phenomena. With powerful formalism that embeds a small set of assumptions, it purports to deal with complex adaptive dynamics ranging from barely unicellular organisms to complex cultural manifestations. The FEP has received increased attention in disciplines that study life, including some critique regarding its overall explanatory power and its true potential as a grand unifying theory (GUT). Recently, FEP theorists presented a contribution with the main tenets of their framework, together with possible philosophical interpretations, which lean towards so-called Markovian Monism (MM). The present paper assumes some of the abovementioned critiques, rejects the arguments advanced to invalidate the FEP’s potential to be a GUT, and overcomes criticism thereof by reviewing FEP theorists’ newly minted metaphysical commitment, namely MM. Specifically, it shows that this philosophical interpretation of the FEP argues circularly and only delivers what it initially assumes, i.e., a dual information geometry that allegedly explains epistemic access to the world based on prior dual assumptions. The origin of this circularity can be traced back to a physical description contingent on relative system-environment separation. However, the FEP itself is not committed to MM, and as a scientific theory it delivers more than what it assumes, serving as a heuristic unification principle that provides epistemic advancement for the life sciences.
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Sheyanova, S. V., and N. M. Yusupova. "The specifics of interpretation of the history in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine»." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 1 (2021): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-1-139-147.
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Introduction: at present the reader’s audience is particularly interested in creative experiments in which the historical fate of the Russian peasantry in the «turning» eras is artistically comprehended. The article is devoted to the study of the problem-thematic range of modern Mordovian historical prose. The subject of analysis is the peculiarity of the reception of the period of collectivization and dekulakization in the story by Erzyan prose writer A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Objective: to reveal the features of the artistic reconstruction of the events of the 1930s, the modeling of the relationship between a man and society in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine».Research materials: the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Results and novelty of the research: the historical story « A Wolf Ravine » for the first time becomes the object of scientific understanding and is introduced into the context of Finno-Ugric literary criticism. A. Doronin artistically interprets the real events and circumstances of the resettlement of dispossessed peasants of the Volga region to the uninhabited steppes of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, we conclude that the actualization of this problem-thematic cluster is due to the creative concept of the historical writer; the individual author’s approach to the reconstruction of historical narrative can be traced in the writer’s desire to realistically reveal the relationship of personality and society in the tragic 1930s; to analyze intentions of people and of the psychological states of the characters. Problems of a sociopolitical nature, actualized in the story, are filled with philosophical, axiological content, and lead to a multi-faceted understanding of the «man and history» problem.
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Fauziyyah, Ai Shidqi Farchah, and Mardani Mardani. "Genre Baru Kasidah Sufistik di Indonesia 2001-2010." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 4, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v4i2.9533.
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The process of Islamization has caused acculturation among the Nusantara and foreign culture. One of them is in the field of music, namely “Kasidah”. Initially the kasidah only used a tambourine instrument (rebana), later in its development it was mixed with Western musical instruments (guitar, bass, keyboard and drums), its name became the modern kasidah. Along with the development of the times, the Kasidah also went through a process of deculturation. Where the kasidah is no longer unique to the rebana, musicians in Indonesia have left the tambourine and only use modern musical instruments. a new genre emerged in kasidah, namely pop kasidah. This study uses historical research methods, namely research models that study past events based on the traces they have left. This research method is carried out in four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. In 2001, a Sufi Muslim music group was born with personnel from various countries, namely Dust. They use many musical instruments from various countries as well, this is what causes the music color of Dust to be different from the others.
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Faiz, Rabia, Musarrat Azher, Ijaz Asghar, and Iqra Jabeen. "Stylistic Study of Adjectives in How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2018): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p328.
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The present research explores the choice of adjectives as a lexical category in Mohsin Hamid’s novel, How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia by using Leech and Short model (1981). An empirical enquiry is carried out to trace the author’s choice of adjectives and their intended functions by subjecting How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia to stylistic analysis and linguistic scrutiny. The various functions of adjectives are interpreted after the text is subjected to close reading for their contextual occurrence where they are carefully engraved by the author. The resultant functions throw ample light on the life, culture, economic scenario and love and gender relations construed in the text through adjectives. The present paper, however, is limited only to the interpretation of the adjective categories based on the model suggested by Leech & Short (1981). This study is, therefore, instrumental in initiating a voyage to interpret literary language via linguistic tools and evidences contributing amply to the field of stylistics as well as literary criticism.
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Tazhibaeva, Sh A., and A. Zhienbayeva. "SPECIFICS CHRONOTOPE IN THE MODERN PROSE OF KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 76, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-2.1728-7804.10.
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The chronotope issue has been relevant in literary criticism for several decades. Furthermore, Plato argued that the essence of art is an imitation of real life. Aristotle pointed out that art creates its own world as something possible or probable and thereby reveals the essential properties of the real world. This article attempts to summarize the main research results on the problem of spatial images and the chronotope as a whole and thereby determine what is the specificity of the image of space, what is its role in a particular work. The purpose of the study is to establish the role of the chronotope in the recreation of the artistic image of Kazakhstan. In modern prose, chronotopic parameters are traced, the topography and symbolism of urban space are examined and its essential characteristics are given. In our opinion, the chronotope is an important modeling tool of literature. The appeal to this problem is due to the fact that the organization of the chronotope in the modern literature of Kazakhstan has become much more complicated in comparison with the traditional space-time paradigms. Anel Meken and Anastasia Skripnikova demonstrate their virtuoso «play with time and space». Time and space set the parameters of the artistic world of the work. Their relationship in prose reflects the structure of the author's consciousness, their worldview, and the system of philosophical ideas and, therefore, their interpretation is a search for means of expressing the author's idea. The study of the categories of time and space allows one to penetrate deeper into the «fabric» of a work of art, to reveal the specifics of its construction, to determine the concept of the writer's world. However, despite such different positions of researchers, controversy continues to this day in literary criticism.
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Dreon, Roberta. "Dewey After the End of Art." Contemporary Pragmatism 17, no. 2-3 (July 31, 2020): 146–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-01701154.
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This article explores the significance of Hegel’s aesthetic lectures for Dewey’s approach to the arts. Although over the last two decades some brilliant studies have been published on the “permanent deposit” of Hegel in Dewey’s mature thought, the aesthetic dimension of Dewey’s engagement with Hegel’s heritage has not yet been investigated. This inquiry will be developed on a theoretical level as well as on the basis of a recent discovery: in Dewey’s Correspondence traces have been found of a lecture on Hegel’s Aesthetics delivered in 1891 within a summer school run by a scholar close to the so-called St. Louis Hegelians. Dewey’s deep and long-standing acquaintance with Hegel’s Aesthetics supports the claim that in his mature book, Art as Experience, he originally appropriated some Hegelian insights. First, Dewey shared Hegel’s strong anti-dualistic and anti-autonomistic conception of the arts, resisting post-Kantian sirens that favored instead an interpretation of art as a separate realm from ordinary reality. Second, they basically converged on an idea of the arts as inherently social activities as well as crucial contributions to the shaping of cultures and civilizations, based on the proximity of the arts to the sensitive nature of man. Third, this article argues that an original re-consideration of Hegel’s thesis of the so-called “end of art” played a crucial role in the formulation of Dewey’s criticism of the arts and of the role of aesthetic experience in contemporary society. The author suggests that we read Dewey’s criticism of the removal of fine art “from the scope of the common or community life” (lw 10, 12) in light of Hegel’s insight that the experience of the arts as something with which believers or citizens can immediately identify belongs to an irretrievable past.
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Irwansyah, Yadri. "PANGERAN ASIR SANG PENGUASA KAWEDANAN RUPIT RAWAS (TINJAUAN HISTORIS KEPEMIMPINAN POLITIK PANGERAAN ASIR TAHUN 1922-1942)." Diakronika 18, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol18-iss1/59.
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The study of this study discusses the historical aspects of the political leadership of Prince Asir, ruler of KawedananRupitRawas (1922-1942). RupedRawasKawedanan was a Dutch territory after the fall of the Palembang Sultanate. KawedananRupitRawas was led by Prince Asir as local leader of RupitRawas over the mandate given by the Dutch colonial government. This study uses the History method to explore the Local History of the Palembang Sultanate in the past. The stages of research begin with heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research findings show that RupitRawasKawedanan at that time had a fertile area that produced natural resources, such as rubber, fruits and others. This area is drained by Rawasriver which then encourages the emergence of trade activities. Prince Asir is a charismatic leader who leads RupitRawas. He is a Dutch colonial leader who is considered capable, intelligent and accomplished and is considered capable of maintaining a commitment to the Netherlands. He was known as a wise leader and left many historical traces at RupitRawasKawedanan. During the struggle for Indonesian independence, Prince Asir was very instrumental in facilitating the Indonesian nation's struggle in Sumatra against the Dutch.
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Kusnafizal, Teuku, Abdul Azis, and Sufandi Iswanto. "Tabib Family’s Role on Fracture Treatment in Aceh, 1950-2020: A Historical Reconstruction." Indonesian Historical Studies 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ihis.v4i2.9497.
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This research traces the origin of traditional fracture treatment, and identifies the values of local wisdom, especially in traditional healing process performed by the tabib family and to describe how the traditional healing system is developed from ancient times to the present. This study used a qualitative approach and historical methods through topic selection, heuristics or collecting sources, verification or source criticism, and sources and historiography interpretation. Based on the research that has been conducted, the following results were obtained: (1) Fracture treatment has been performed since 1950 in Aceh, especially among the tabib family coming from South Aceh through the inheritance of knowledge from generation to generation; (2) The regeneration process was performed in the healer family, in this case the father inherited from his children or grandparents to his grandchildren to study this knowledge, and practiced it in their entire life; (3) Entering the modern era, traditional medicine has developed in several aspects, so, people tend to believe in this treatment. This study is a part of the historical local wisdom (HLW) to determine how the development of traditional medicine in Aceh from time to time.
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Taylor, David Francis. "What Cato Did: Suicide, Sentimentalism, and the Drama of Emulation." Eighteenth-Century Life 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9467204.
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Much recent criticism of Joseph Addison's Cato (1713) regards the tragedy as determinedly resistant to its eponymous protagonist's stoic heroism. Cato, it is argued, critiques Cato. But this wasn't how Addison's immediate contemporaries experienced the play. For many commentators, Addison's Cato was a model not only to be applauded but also imitated. In this essay, I take seriously this disconnection between current interpretation and immediate reception. I first attend to the tragedy's fifth act, where we see a concerted attempt both to flag the protagonist's fallibility and also to place a critical frame around the problematic spectacle of stoic suicide. In the second part of the essay, I then consider how it was that an instrumentalist view of the play nonetheless became canon. Here, I trace Richard Steele's appropriation of Cato to his project to reform the stage, a project that staked its claims for the cultural and moral efficacy of the theater on an avowedly emulative (and sentimental) model of drama. And I argue that Addison's belated insistence on his protagonist's all-too-humanness works to sentimentalize the character and so paradoxically opens up the very possibility of imitation that it seemingly seeks to foreclose.
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Malihu, La, Yety Rochwulaningsih, and Dhanang Respati Puguh. "Tracing the Notion of Rural Environmental Development Concept by M. Saleh Lahade, South Sulawesi in 1950s." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207047.
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This paper aims to trace M. Saleh Lahade's notion on the concept of rural development in South Sulawesi in the 1950s. Used historical method which includes several phases, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The result reveals the fact that M. Saleh Lahade's ideas were based on the physical environment and severe human settlement were damaged, the stagnation of the economy and the occurrence of stagnation in social life as a result of prolonged armed conflict. The concepts offered are based on falsafah and local wisdom that has long been developed, such as the spirit to act when finding something that is broken, the spirit of never giving up, the spirit of honesty, the spirit of independence (to maradeka), and the spirit of building harmony in people's lives. To develop his ideas M. Saleh Lahade used the concept of cluster units. Through this approach, rural service units are built in one mini cluster to create effectiveness and efficiency in public services. In addition, it also encourages the creation of a better physical and social environment, a more secure public health, and faster economic wheels.
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Medovarov, Medovarov M. V. "Interpretations of Dante’s Esotericism in the Italian and French Studies in the Middle of the Nineteenth and the Second Half of the Twentieth Century." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 82–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2021.4.082-105.
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This article has a historiographic and methodological nature and is devoted to the problematic interpretations of the esoteric content of Dante’s ideas and works by French and Italian scholars from the middle of the nineteenth century to the second half of the twentieth century. Various definitions of Western esotericism are discussed in the light of contemporary approaches. The current interest in the study of Dante’s esotericism and the relevance of this topic are substantiated. The tradition in the interpretation of Dante's esotericism in Italy and France can be traced back to the occultists of the 19th century, who referred to each other's works: G. Rossetti, E. Arou, F. Boissard, J. Péladant, G. Pascoli and others. It has been demonstrated that the studies of Dante's esotericism during 1920s reached a new level of quality, which was adequate to the contemporary scientific requirements for Dante studies: in Italy, this happened in the person of Luigi Valli and his students, Arturo Reghini and then Julius Evola; and in France, at the same time, in the person of René Guénon. The criticism of Valli in the works by Guénon is analyzed in detail. The context of Dante's interpretation by Guénon is revealed in connection with the issue of Templar, Rosicrucian and Islamic influences (Sufism, Arab Neoplatonism). In this respect, a significant difference of tones was observed in the perception of Dante's esotericism within the general paradigm of integral traditionalism between Guénon and his Italian colleagues Julius Evola and especially Guido de Giorgio, whose fundamental work is still unknown to Russian scholars. An intense politicization of the perception of Dante's heritage by Evola and de Giorgio is also remarked in this article. Special attention is then paid to the study of Dante's esotericism by one of the leading Roman Catholic theologian of the twentieth century, Romano Guardini, who engaged a polemic correspondence with the integral traditionalists. Based on the results of our study, it was concluded that the research of Dante's esotericism by French and Italian authors for more than a hundred years can be characterized as a continuous chain of dialogue and polemics of various authors who knew about each other's works and used the appropriate links.
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Strickrodt, Silke. "African Girls' Samplers from Mission Schools in Sierra Leone (1820s to 1840s)." History in Africa 37 (2010): 189–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0027.
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In an article in this journal almost fifteen years ago, Colleen Kriger discussed the reluctance of historians of Africa to use objects as sources in their research. She pointed to the rich reservoir of objects “made by African hands” in museum collections around the world, which lies virtually untapped by historians. However, she also noted that while objects are “unusually eloquent remnants from the past,” they are problematic sources, presenting “special difficulties in evaluation and interpretation.”The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the existence of a number of embroidery samplers that were stitched by African girls in mission schools in the British colony of Sierra Leone in the period from the 1820s to the 1840s. So far, I have found thirteen of these samplers, which are preserved in a number of archival, private and museum collections in Europe and the USA. To historians, these pieces of needlework are of interest because they were generated by a group of people for whom we do not usually have first-hand documentary material. Moreover, they represent the direct material traces of the activity of the girls who made them, and thus appear to offer the possibility of an emphatic insight into their experience.However, these “textile documents” present serious problems of interpretation. What exactly can they be expected to tell the modern historian? In particular, how far, in fact, do they express the perspectives of the African girls who made them, as distinct from the European missionaries who directed their work? Careful source criticism and an examination of the purpose for which they were produced will help to clarify these issues.
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Jones, Sophie A. "Minimalism’s Attention Deficit: Distraction, Description, and Mary Robison’s Why Did I Ever." American Literary History 32, no. 2 (2020): 301–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa004.
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Abstract What does it mean to diagnose a literary work with attention deficit disorder (ADD)? This article traces how US literary minimalism came, in the late twentieth century, to be understood as a literary counterpart to the new diagnostic category of ADD. Pursuing some links between literary criticism and the third volume of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the article shows how minimalism was seen to resemble the ADD patient because both were defined in terms of a descriptive surface that yielded no depths for expert excavation. Engaging with recent debates on the relative function and value of description and interpretation in literary studies, the article asks whether the notion of an ADD literary aesthetics, grounded in critical disability studies, might provide a route out of the dichotomy of suspicious analysis and reparative description. To pursue this question, the article performs a close reading of Mary Robison’s Why Did I Ever (2001), a novel narrated by Money Breton, a woman with an ADD diagnosis. Drawing on the critical disability studies concept of cripistemology, the article shows how Robison’s novel both dismantles the trope of minimalism’s attention deficit and demands a reformulation of the relationship between writing and diagnosis.
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Pedersen, Kim Arne. "Grundtvig på anklagebænken. En redegørelse for hovedlinjer i de sidste ti års danske Grundtvig-reception og deres forhold til centrale motiver i Grundtvigs forfatterskab og dets virkningshistorie." Grundtvig-Studier 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 184–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v53i1.16429.
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Grundtvig på anklagebænken[Grundtvig in the dock]By Kim Arne PedersenThe article opens with a review of Gr’s position after the second World War. The Heretica-era’s positive disposition towards religion and Christianity is inspired by the life-philosophy of Vilhelm Grønbech which in turn serves as a preliminary understanding of Gr’s thinking on the relationship between Christianity and folkelighed, the nourishing of a popular culture. Four significant currents have characterised Danish identity: Grundtvigianism, pietism, Brandes-influenced cultural radicalism and the social-democratic movement. Social-democratic thinking on social equality is examined in connection with the Grundtvigian-tendency’s elevation of the concept of folkelighed.With Reinhart Kosellek’s concept-historical methodology as aprompt, the Grundtvig-based concept offolkelighed is analysed in its association with the concept of liberty, ideas of social equilibrium, the question of a Constitution, and the concept of popular enlightenment (oplysning) in Gr’s authorship. The starting-point is an analysis of Gr’s ideas on Christianity andfolkelighed where it is pointed out that Gr, with his background in a Christian anthropology, emphasises their reciprocal bearing upon each other (vekselvirkning). The chief aim of the article is to demonstrate that the reception of Gr in the period 1883-1983 is characterised by a contest between, on the one hand, a philosophical interpretation of Gr which is linked with an understanding of the folkelighed-concept as an aspiration towards social equality and, on the other hand, a theological interpretation of Gr which concentrates upon humankind’s interaction with God in dialogue as the nub of Gr’s outlook on humankind.The article focuses upon the 1930s, when the social-democratic Education Minister Frederik Borgbjerg seizes upon the egalitarian aspect of Gr’s concept of folkelighed and uses it in the development of Social-Democracy into a national party. Borgberg’s interpretation of Gr embraces those components which characterise the following generation’s image of Gr: he is the supporter of liberty (and thereby tolerance), democracy and social equality, all as understood from their basis in the concept of folkelighed.Borgberg’s and Grønbech’s interpretations of Gr constitute the background to the understanding formed by Professor Hal Koch, church-historian and pillar of the folk-highschool system, of both Gr and the concept offolkelighed. But it is to be emphasised that Koch, in contrast to Borgberg and Grønbech, but in line with the author Jørgen Bukdahl, draws his understanding of the concept offolkelighed from the idea that the interaction between folkelighed and Christianity - that is, between the particular and the universal - is the underpinning perception in Gr’s writings.However, in the post-war period it is the thoughts of Pastor Kaj Thaning concerning the differentiation between Christianity and folkelighed which become dominant. Like Hal Koch, Thaning writes out of inspiration from the life-philosophy of Grønbech, but also like Koch he traces this back to its anchorage within Gr’s Christian universe.Thaning’s differentiation-thesis forms - against his own wishes – a starting-point for the 1970s convergence between the ideas of Gr and left-wing thinking on political emancipation, whereby the tendency from the 1930s now reaches its culmination: grounded in the construction of an adversarial relationship between Gr and grundtvigianism, and in a non-theological interpretation of Gr, the way is clear for Gr to become the leading figure in Danish national self-perception.In 1990 the literary historian and publicist Henning Fonsmark initiated the surge of criticism of Gr which from about 1992 has permeated the Danish public. With its starting-point in the debate over Denmark’s relationship to the European Union and over immigration into Denmark, one may observe a steadily more violent criticism of Gr among intellectuals who have a more or less loose connection to traditional cultural-radical milieus. At the same time the Danish immigration-opposed right wing, identifies itself with Gr - as in the case of the theological ‘Tidehverv’-movement, The Danish Association (Den Danske Forening) and The Danish National Party (Dansk Folkeparti). In contrast to the understanding of Gr hitherto prevailing, Gr is now widely interpreted as hostile to foreigners, intolerant, and the opponent of democracy and social equality.The viewpoint of the article is that both the right-wing use of Gr and the criticism of him are made possible only by an underestimation of his Christian premisses. When Gr’s Christian anthropology - and thereby the fellowship of dialogue between God and humankind - are appreciated as being the very core of his writings, then it becomes possible to maintain an image of Gr as the supporter of liberty, of social equality and of an enlightenment of and for life, which on the one hand appears as a consequence of modernity’s breakthrough in Western Europe and on the other takes its distinctive form from Gr’s understanding of Christianity as the bearer of that universality in whose light the particularity offolkelighed is to be understood. And it is this relationship which renders problematical a nationalistic reading of Gr’s authorship.
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Yusuff, Mohd Sholeh Sheh, Yusuf Haji Othman, and Tengku Zawani Tengku Zawawi. "GENETIC APPROACH IN TAFSIR NUR AL-IHSAN: A CRITICISM OF THE WORK OF AL-JAMI 'AL-AHKAM AL-QURAN." International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam 3, no. 9 (December 30, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/irjsmi.39003.
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Malay scholars of the archipelago have been active in producing works in various fields of Islamic studies such as fiqh, hadith and tafsir al-Quran. One of the works written in the field of tafsir al-Quran is Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan produced by Umar, M. S. This work is widely referenced by the community in understanding the contents of the Qur'an. However, it was found that there were previous researchers who thought that the author of this work did not use authoritative sources of reference when explaining the facts related to the Qur'an while the initial reading of the researcher found that the author did not use his own opinion when interpreting the verses of al- Quran, even many works of muktabar reference that he referred to. Since this work is still referenced by the community then a refinement effort must be made. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study and trace the reference sources used by Umar, M. S in Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, in addition to the researcher revealing how the references are processed using the genetic approach introduced by Goldman. Through this approach, all reference sources used from al-Jami ’al-Ahkam al-Quran by Al-Qurtubi, A. A. B. are revealed. The study shows that the author of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan has taken five approaches when processing the text from the work he referred to, namely; the text is quoted accurately and in parallel from the work of al-Jami 'al-Ahkam al-Quran, the author quotes the text abstractly from the work, the author omits some words from the referenced text before being included in Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, the author adds description and explanation against the quoted text, as well as the author denying part of the text referenced. The researcher revealed that Umar, M. S. referred to al-Jami ’al-Ahkam al-Quran when writing Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan to strengthen his work. Thus, he succeeds in doing so when the text referred to coincides with the text in his work. However, in certain places, there is the text of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan which is contrary to the text of al-Jami 'al-Ahkam al-Quran. This makes his interpretation of this section dubious.
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Pedersen, Kim Arne. "Nekrolog over Kaj Thaning." Grundtvig-Studier 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v45i1.16140.
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Kaj Thaning 4.6. 1904 - 6.6. 1994By Kim Arne Pedersen.A few days after his ninetieth birthday, Kaj Thaning died peacefully in his home in Båring, where he had been a clergyman for a generation, and where his monumental work, the thesis .Man First.... was made ready for publication in 1963. Kaj Thaning was bom into a family with roots in influential circles of Grundtvigianism, but as a young undergraduate he came into contact with the Danish Tidehverv movement which introduced the dialectic theology in Denmark. Together with a number of other young theologians Kaj Thaning was connected with both Tidehverv and Grundtvigian circles, and the group was consequently termed .Tidehverv Grundtvigianism.. Thaning became the Grundtvig interpreter within this group, and published his interpretations in a number of books and articles, and a precis of the main thoughts in his thesis was translated into a number of foreign languages in connection with Grundtvig’s anniversary in 1972. Thaning was a vicar through the greater part of his life, but was also deeply engaged in numerous other activities: establishing a folk high school, participating in debates on topical issues, and, in co-operation with the pioneers of the Grundtvig Society, working out the register of Grundtvig’s unprinted manuscripts, a work amply demonstrating his impressive abilities as a research historian. Thaning was a member of the Grundtvig Society Committee from 1948. As early as 1949 he wrote his first major article in Grundtvig Studies, and until recent years he contributed a large number of long or short papers to the yearbook, always impressive in their profundity and perspicacity. As an interpreter of Grundtvig, Thaning has reached far beyond the academic circles to which scientific research is usually restricted. Thaning’s thesis - that the modem relevance of Grundtvig’s writings is closely bound up with his struggle with his personal mixture of the human and the Christian - has had a decisive influence on the Danish cultural and theological debate in the years after World War II, in that it matches with Denmark’s development from an agricultural to an industrial and urban society, and with the decreasing influence of the religious revival movements. Thaning’s secular-theological emphasis on the separation of the human and the Christian as the essential theme in Grundtvig’s writings legitimized this development, but at the same time Thaning’s thesis bore evidence of a profound personal struggle and of a theologically thoroughly contemplated interpretation of Grundtvig, encompassing his entire work. All the same, it seems fair today to view Thaning’s thesis in the light of the theological currents he met on his way, a theological-historical view which may be understood in continuation of the criticism of Thaning’s thesis, raised by recent Grundtvig research, seeking its arguments in incarnation theology. In recent years, this criticism has paved the way for a renewed occupation with Grundtvig’s liturgical theology, and has been able to fertilize Grundtvig’s thoughts in an international, ecumenical-theological context. Thaning, however, was unaffected by this criticism; he remained forever prepared to raise objections to his critics. Thus, from recent years, the present writer remembers Thaning’s unremitting and unyielding defence of his thesis, but also his kindness and helpfulness in connection with the present writer’s first attempts in Grundtvig research.The fact that Thaning’s position has been abandoned in modem research does not weaken the greatness of his work. Thaning’s critics, too, have been - if adversely - influenced by his thesis, whose definition of the relationship between the human and the Christian has left an indelible trace in Danish theology.
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Suprianto, Bibi, Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo, and Doli Witro. "The History of Islamic Kingdoms in Kapuas Hulu District: A Manuscript Translation of Pangeran Kesoema Anom Soeria Negara." Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 10, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 274–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/hn.v10i2.633.
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Kapuas Hulu is an area located in the interior of West Kalimantan and has 23 sub-districts well-known for their ethnicity, race and culture. Kapuas Hulu has also small kingdoms originating from the Sintang region. The Muslims in Kapuas Hulu come from Dayak tribe, who later converted to Islam. The sultanate’s presence played an important and strategic role, even determined the development of Islam itself in the territory. At the same time, there were some obstacles to Islamization throughout the coastal Sultanate which caused “Near Pedalaman“ area a bit late in accepting Islam. This article discusses the history of the Islamic kingdom in Kapuas Hulu Regency, which is examined from the translation of the manuscript of Prince Kesoema Anom Soeria Negara. This paper traces the development of Islam and the rulers of Islamic kingdoms in Kapuas Hulu Regency. This article is qualitative research. After the data was collected with heuristics, it was analyzed by source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Study results demonstrate that the kingdoms in Kapuas Hulu have contributed to leading their respective villages and providing a solid cultural system for maintaining cultural and state assets. Thus, many local residents converted to Islam through the royal system. Kiyai Pati Uda was the first king from Jongkong sub-district. Another finding indicates that the Prince Kesoema Anom Soeria Negara manuscript also includes the names of royal descendants from Kapuas Hulu Regency, namely from Jongkong, Nanga Suhaid, Bunut, and other sub-districts.
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Fomin, Dmitry V. "The Concept of “The Art of Book” in the Works of Book Scientists of the 1920s." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 5 (December 9, 2020): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-5-491-500.
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The author uses historiographic analysis, scientologic and bibliological methods to analyse the texts of the leading domestic book scientists of the 1920s, expressed on the art and design of book. The article identifies the range of the most important sources from the point of view of the studied theme. The author traces how the concept of the “art of book” was interpreted by scientists of that period, how it was introduced into science, and what aspects of study of design skills seemed to be the most advanced. Increased interest in the appearance and aesthetic quality of printed publications, which had been observed in the art criticism since the end of the 19th century, moved in the 1920s to the field of academic science. There is a need to concretize the basic concepts of “book art criticism”, specify them in detail in the general system of book science. According to the majority of researchers, the art of book should be understood first of all not as graphic decorations, illustrative additions to the text, but its typographic interpretation, clear coordination of all elements of the book ensemble. This idea was also expressed by the critics of Silver age, but it was the book scientists of the 1920s who especially vigorously promoted it, introduced it into the minds of contemporaries and into scientific circulation, and used it as a methodological basis for their theoretical constructions.M.I. Shchelkunov’s monograph “History, technology, art of book printing” played an important role in the history of “art book science”. It contains a lot of valuable information; however it is largely spoiled by the author’s vulgar-sociological approach to the chosen topic. More successful were the works of A.A. Sidorov “The art of book”, “Book as an object of study and artistic elements of book”, which raised the question of the need to study the forms of book, the laws of its construction, and the ratio of constructive and decorative elements in the design ensemble. The author also considers the statements about the art of book by M.N. Kufaev, A.M. Lovyagin, N.F. Garelin, M.I. Fabrikant, A.G. Fomin, P.M. Dulsky. Attempts by scientists in the 1920s to create a theory of book art, to approach the study of print works from the standpoint of art studies, were not always successful, but nevertheless, they were of great importance for Russian book science, expanded its borders and significantly influenced its further development.