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Academic literature on the topic 'Traceable standard'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Traceable standard"

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Corney, A. C. "A traceable mains-frequency power standard." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 48, no. 2 (April 1999): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.769615.

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Libert, Benoît, and Moti Yung. "Efficient traceable signatures in the standard model." Theoretical Computer Science 412, no. 12-14 (March 2011): 1220–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2010.12.066.

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CHEN, CHAO-JUNG, YEN-LIANG CHEN, and LIANG-CHIH CHANG. "PITCH MEASUREMENT BY TRACEABLE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 04n05 (August 2003): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x0300136x.

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A Traceable Atomic Force Microscope (TAFM) to calibrate the pitch standards is presented. The TAFM consists of an atomic force microscope, a three-axis active compensation flexure stage, two laser interferometers, an L-shape mirror, a vibration isolator, and a super-Invar metrology frame. A test specimen is laid on the same plane of laser interferometers to eliminate the Abbe-offset. The displacements of X and Y axes are taken by the laser interferometers, the Z movement is controlled by AFM cantilever and the displacement is taken by a capacitance sensor while the flexure stage moves the specimen in X and Y axes motions. A water circulator is used to control the TAFM at 20°C. Measuring results of a standard pitch sample show that this TAFM can be used for measuring of pitch standards. A pitch standard with nominal value of 292 nm was served as a test sample. The combined standard uncertainty was 1.2 nm.
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Kusnezowa, Dina, and Jan Vang. "Creating Legitimacy in the ISO/CEN Standard for Sustainable and Traceable Cocoa: An Exploratory Case Study Integrating Normative and Empirical Legitimacy." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 12907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212907.

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The paper assesses the legitimacy of the ISO/CEN standard for sustainable and traceable cocoa during the standard-setting process and thereby to establish the degree of legitimacy achieved and to explore new sources of legitimacy in the development of sustainability standards for agricultural commodities. The paper examines the normative and empirical legitimacy concerns involved in the development of the ISO/CEN standard for sustainable and traceable cocoa (ISO 34101 series). The findings suggest that while the standard-setting organisation is establishing normative legitimacy, empirical legitimacy is lacking. Absence of empirical legitimacy is a serious concern for a successful and just implementation.
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Hsieh, Yi-Da, Yuki Iyonaga, Yoshiyuki Sakaguchi, Shuko Yokoyama, Hajime Inaba, Kaoru Minoshima, Francis Hindle, et al. "Terahertz Comb Spectroscopy Traceable to Microwave Frequency Standard." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (May 2013): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2013.2250333.

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Garty, G., A. D. Harken, and D. J. Brenner. "Traceable dosimetry for MeV ion beams." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): T02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/t02002.

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Abstract Standard dosimetry protocols exist for highly penetrating photon and particle beams used in the clinic and in research. However, these protocols cannot be directly applied to shallow penetration MeV-range ion beams. The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility has been using such beams for almost 50 years to irradiate cell monolayers, using self-developed dosimetry, based on tissue equivalent ionization chambers. To better align with the internationally accepted standards, we describe implementation of a commercial, NIST-traceable, air-filled ionization chamber for measurement of absorbed dose to water from low energy ions, using radiation quality correction factors calculated using TRS-398 recommendations. The reported dose does not depend on the ionization density in the range of 10–150 keV/μm.
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Pratt, Jon R., Douglas T. Smith, David B. Newell, John A. Kramar, and Eric Whitenton. "Progress toward Système International d'Unités traceable force metrology for nanomechanics." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.366.

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Recent experiments with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Electrostatic Force Balance (EFB) have achieved agreement between an electrostatic force and a gravitational force of 10−5 N to within a few hundred pN/μN. This result suggests that a force derived from measurements of length, capacitance, and voltage provides a viable small force standard consistent with the Système International d’Unités. In this paper, we have measured the force sensitivity of a piezoresistive microcantilever by directly probing the NIST EFB. These measurements were linear and repeatable at a relative standard uncertainty of 0.8%. We then used the calibrated cantilever as a secondary force standard to transfer the unit of force to an optical lever–based sensor mounted in an atomic force microscope. This experiment was perhaps the first ever force calibration of an atomic force microscope to preserve an unbroken traceability chain to appropriate national standards. We estimate the relative standard uncertainty of the force sensitivity at 5%, but caution that a simple model of the contact mechanics suggests errors may arise due to friction.
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Maury, R., C. Auclercq, C. Devilliers, M. de Huu, O. Büker, and M. MacDonald. "Hydrogen refuelling station calibration with a traceable gravimetric standard." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 74 (August 2020): 101743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101743.

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Booker, D. R., K. D. Horton, and I. A. Marshall. "A traceable aerosol concentration standard based on controlled atomisation." Journal of Aerosol Science 26, no. 8 (December 1995): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(96)80782-8.

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Bateman, Vesta I., William B. Leisher, Fred A. Brown, and Neil T. Davie. "Calibration of a Hopkinson Bar with a Transfer Standard." Shock and Vibration 1, no. 2 (1993): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/354290.

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A program requirement for field test temperatures that are beyond the test accelerometer operational limits of −30° F and +150° F required the calibration of accelerometers at high shock levels and at the temperature extremes of −50° F and +160° F. The purposes of these calibrations were to insure that the accelerometers operated at the field test temperatures and to provide an accelerometer sensitivity at each test temperature. Because there is no National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable calibration capability at shock levels of 5,000–15,000 g for the temperature extremes of −50° F and +160° F, a method for calibrating and certifying the Hopkinson bar with a transfer standard was developed. Time domain and frequency domain results are given that characterize the Hopkinson bar. The National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable accuracy for the standard accelerometer in shock is ±5%. The Hopkinson bar has been certified with an uncertainty of 6%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traceable standard"

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Hermanek, Petr. "Reference standards and methods for traceable X-ray computed tomography dimensional metrology." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426671.

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X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique, which originally found its application in the medical field and over years of research extended its use to industry, mainly to nondestructive testing. In the last years, CT has been also used as a tool for dimensional metrology, and is considered the third generation of measuring techniques in coordinate metrology, after tactile and optical coordinate measuring systems. The main advantage of CT over other measuring instruments is the fact that both internal and external geometries of the measured workpiece can be visualized as a 3D model, and analyzed without destruction. CT measurement chain is affected by numerous and often complex influence factors. Furthermore, due to the fact that it is still relatively new technique for coordinate metrology, and because of the lack of research and standardized procedures, CT has not yet reached maturity as a dimensional measurement technology. Sources of CT measurement uncertainty are still not completely understood in some cases and, as a result, achieving CT measurement traceability is difficult. Traceability of measurements is an important property ensuring that the measurement results are traceable to the SI unit through unbroken chains of calibrations. Reference standards are a typical means to test metrological systems and investigate various factors that influence the measurement results. In this thesis, several standards dedicated to different mainstays towards the establishment of measurement traceability – namely metrological performance verification according to international standards, metrological performance verification of CT specific applications, calibration, and evaluation of measurement uncertainty – were developed. Furthermore, as an output of experience and findings gained during the project, a good practice guide for developing reference standards for CT dimensional metrology was compiled. The first standard proposed in this Ph.D. work was developed for the evaluation of accuracy of CT porosity measurements and for establishing their metrological traceability. The design of the standard contains hemispherical features resembling artificial internal porosity and its dismountable configuration ensures calibration by different measuring instruments. It was proved that not only the accuracy of CT porosity measurements can be evaluated using this standard, but the accuracy can also be improved by using the artifact. Moreover, a procedure for establishing the traceability of CT porosity measurements obtained from industrial parts was proposed. Calibration of CT instrument geometry was achieved by using a standard developed during this project, namely the CT calibration tube (CT2), in combination with the so-called “minimization procedure” used for estimating CT geometrical parameters, and a Monte Carlo method for evaluating the measurement uncertainty. Furthermore, based on results from experimental implementations of the developed standard and method, it was proven that it is possible to align the CT system to its nearly ideal geometry. Moreover, a comprehensive CT instrument geometry alignment method was proposed, which is based on the use of the CT2 standard, the minimization procedure, and a novel advanced reconstruction algorithm (the so called FlexCT, developed by KU Leuven). Multi-material aspects of CT dimensional measurements were also addressed in this Ph.D. thesis. A series of reference standards were developed for evaluating the multi-material effects on gap measurements. Different behavior between results obtained on mono- and multi-material samples confirmed the existence of the multi-material influence. Furthermore, an alternative dual-energy CT scanning approach was applied to enhance the measurement results.
La tomografia computerizzata a raggi X (computed tomography, CT) è una tecnica diagnostica per immagini, che originalmente trovava la sua applicazione in campo medico e con anni di ricerca ha ampliato il suo uso per l’industria, principalmente per controlli non distruttivi. Negli ultimi anni, la CT è stata utilizzata anche come uno strumento per metrologia dimensionale, ed può essere considerata la terza generazione delle tecniche di misura a coordinate, dopo i sistemi di misura a contatto e quelli ottici. Il vantaggio principale della CT rispetto ad altre tecnologie di misura è che sia le geometrie interne sia quelle esterne del pezzo misurato possono essere visualizzate in un modello tridimensionale e analizzate in modo non distruttivo. La catena di misura della CT è influenzata da numerosi e spesso complessi fattori. Inoltre, poiché la CT è ancora una tecnica relativamente nuova per la metrologia a coordinate che necessita di ulteriori investimenti in attività di ricerca e nello sviluppo di procedure standardizzate, non ha ancora raggiunto la piena maturità richiesta per gli strumenti di misura dimensionali. Le fonti di incertezza di misura non sono ancora completamente analizzate in alcuni casi e, di conseguenza, è difficile ottenere la riferibilità delle misure CT. La riferibilità delle misure è una proprietà importante che garantisce che i risultati delle misure siano riferibili alle unità SI attraverso catene ininterrotte di tarature. I campioni di riferimento sono mezzi tipici per testare i sistemi metrologici ed investigare i vari fattori che influenzano i risultati delle misure. In questa tesi, sono stati sviluppati diversi campioni, dedicati ai diversi requisiti della riferibilità delle misure, e in particolare: la verifica delle prestazioni metrologiche secondo la normativa internazionale, la verifica delle prestazioni metrologiche in specifiche applicazioni CT, la taratura e la valutazione dell’incertezza delle misure. Inoltre, come risultato finale delle esperienze e delle conoscenze ottenute durante il progetto, è stata compilata una guida di buone pratiche per lo sviluppo dei campioni di riferimento per la metrologia dimensionale con CT. Il primo campione proposto in questa tesi di dottorato è stato sviluppato per valutare l’accuratezza della CT utilizzata per misure di porosità e per stabilirne la riferibilità metrologica. La progettazione del campione è basata su geometrie emisferiche che riproducono una porosità interna artificiale. La configurazione disassemblabile del campione garantisce la possibilità di taratura mediante diversi strumenti di misura. É stato provato che, usando questo campione, l’accuratezza delle misure CT della porosità non solo può essere valutata, ma può anche essere migliorata. Inoltre, è stata proposta una procedura per stabilire la riferibilità delle misure CT di porosità ottenute da parti industriali. La taratura della geometria dello strumento CT e stata studiata sviluppando un campione – denominato CT calibration tube (CT2) – utilizzato assieme alla cosiddetta “minimization procedure”, utile per stimare i parametri geometrici dello strumento CT, e ad un metodo Monte Carlo per valutare l’incertezza di misura. Inoltre, sulla base dei risultati sperimentali ottenuti usando il metodo e il campione sviluppato, è stato dimostrato come sia possibile l’allineamento del sistema CT alla sua geometria quasi ideale. In aggiunta, è stato proposto un metodo completo per l’allineamento del sistema CT. Tale metodo è basato sull’uso dello standard CT2, della minimization procedure e di un nuovo algoritmo avanzato di ricostruzione (denominato FlexCT e sviluppato da KU Leuven). Una parte ulteriore di questo lavoro è stata dedicata allo studio degli aspetti multi-materiale delle misure dimensionali CT. Una serie di campioni di riferimento è stata sviluppata per valutare gli effetti della presenza di materiali multipli sulle misure di “gap”. Il comportamento diverso tra i risultati ottenuti su campioni mono- e multi-materiale ha confermato l’esistenza dell’influenza multi-materiale. Inoltre, un approccio alternativo delle scansioni CT basato sull’uso di diversi livelli di energia dei raggi X, il cosiddetto “dual-energy CT”, è estato applicato per migliorare i risultati delle misure.
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Deo, Sachin Jayant. "Traceable Standard for Sub - 100nm Metrology." 2007. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/276.

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As we approach the 65nm technological node, transistor gates with dimensions of the order of 40nm are being manufactured. As the device performance is directly related to the dimensions of the gate, critical dimension (CD) control becomes an important part of the fabrication process. Characterization of these small feature size, generally referred to as Metrology, is an indispensable ingredient of the semiconductor manufacturing processes. Metrology relies not only on the precision, but also the accuracy of commercially used metrology tools like the CD-SEM. To facilitate the magnification calibration of the CD-SEM, an easy access to standard reference artifact traceable to international specifications is an added advantage. Considerable literature is available for CD-SEM, which relies on in-house artifacts or general test objects. The absence of commercially available artifacts hinders evaluation of different CD-SEM. The objective of this abstract is to introduce the fabrication and characterization of artifacts for the sub-100nm metrology, which can be made available in wafer form at low cost. In this work, artifacts have been designed and fabricated for precise magnification calibration of the CD-SEM. The designing of the artifacts takes into account the proximity effect, a problem associated with the e-beam exposure, to produce dense grid type structure in the sub-100nm region. The structures are fabricated using the e-beam lithography tool, operated at 50KeV. The artifacts have been fabricated on a thin layer of negative resist HSQ spun on silicon substrate. Subsequent development in 0.26N TMAH gives a structure on silicon wafer, thereby eliminating contamination issues. Furthermore, characterization of the artifacts for line pitch determination is carried out using “Measure” (Spectel Corp.), which provides an absolute calibration of the image pixel size that can then be used to measure other features. The low values for the line edge roughness (LER) further facilitate precise linewidth metrology.>/p>
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Hu, Chia-Ming, and 胡家銘. "Error Measurement of Time Synchronization for a Traceable Standard Time Source." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31500301266971538437.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
資訊工程學系
96
In this thesis, we present a hierarchical and traceable standard time source system which distributes the national standard time to arbitrary application servers. The system consists of three layers, the first layer is the NMI server, which maintains a the time source synchronized with the national standard time, the second layer is the TC server, which synchronizes its time source with the NMI server through the modem/telephone link, and the third layer is the application server, which requests standard time from a TC server. Traceability of this system is established through periodical time synchronizations, the integrity of the records of time synchronization, error measurements of time synchronization, capability of maintaining stable frequency source, and fair auditing processes. The main contribution of this thesis are two folds; first use two-way time-transfer technique over modem/telephone links is used to reduce errors of time synchronization, and the second consists of experiments which measure time synchronization errors to establish the traceability of the distributed time source.
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Deo, Sachin Jayant. "Traceable standards for sub - 100 nm metrology." 2007. http://etd.utk.edu/2007/Theses/DeoSachin.pdf.

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Hermanek, Petr. "Reference standards and methods for traceable X-ray computed tomography dimensional metrology." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3254377.

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Books on the topic "Traceable standard"

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Kamas, George. Traceable frequency calibrations: How to use the NBS frequency measurement system in the calibration lab. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Kamas, George. Traceable frequency calibrations: How to use the NBS frequency measurement system in the calibration lab. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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J, Drapela Timothy, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. The NIST-traceable Referene-Material program for wavelength- reference absorption cells. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003.

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J, Drapela Timothy, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. The NIST-traceable Referene-Material program for wavelength- reference absorption cells. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003.

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The NIST Traceable Reference Material program for gas standards. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technoloy, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traceable standard"

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Libert, Benoît, and Moti Yung. "Efficient Traceable Signatures in the Standard Model." In Pairing-Based Cryptography – Pairing 2009, 187–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03298-1_13.

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Dirscherl, K., and K. R. Koops. "Traceable Probing with an AFM." In Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods, 93–108. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch7.

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Koenders, L., and F. Meli. "Height and Pitch at Nanoscale - How Traceable is Nanometrology?" In Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods, 205–19. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch15.

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Manske, Eberhard, Rostislav Mastylo, Tino Hausotte, Norbert Hofmann, and Gerd Jäger. "Advances in Traceable Nanometrology with the Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Machine." In Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods, 45–59. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch4.

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Dai, Gaoliang, Frank Pohlenz, Hans-Ulrich Danzebrink, Min Xu, Klaus Hasche, and Günter Wilkening. "Metrological Large Range Scanning Force Microscope Applicable for Traceable Calibration of Surface Textures." In Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods, 73–92. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch6.

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Gilmore, Adam Matthew. "How to Collect National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Traceable Fluorescence Excitation and Emission Spectra." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 3–27. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-649-8_1.

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WHITLOCK, G. D. "CERTIFIABLY TRACEABLE LARGE AREA TRITIUM STANDARD SOURCE PERMITTING INTERNATIONALLY ACCREDITABLE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EVALUATION OF SURFACE CONTAMINATION." In Radiation Research: A Twentieth-century Perspective, 109. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-168561-4.50469-8.

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Hibbert, D. Brynn. "Metrological Traceability." In Quality Assurance in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162127.003.0011.

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The ability to trace a measurement result to a reference value lies at the heart of any measurement. Traceability is part of standards governing laboratory practice, such as ISO/IEC 17025 and Good Laboratory Practice (see chapter 9), as a mandatory property of a measurement result, yet as a concept, traceability of a chemical measurement result is poorly understood. It is either taken for granted, often without much foundation, or ignored altogether. Why is traceability so important? How have we been able to ignore it for so long? The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has applied itself to this problem and a definitive discussion on metrological traceability in chemistry will be published. In this chapter I use the term “metrological traceability” to refer to the property of a measurement result that relates the result to a metrological reference. The word “metrological” is used to distinguish the concept from other kinds of traceability, such as the paper trail of documentation, or the physical trail of the chain of custody of a forensic sample. When the term “traceable standard” is used to refer to a calibration material, for example, the provenance of the material is not at issue, but the quantity value embodied in the standard. In explaining the importance of metrological traceability, I return to the discussions about chemical measurement (chapter 1). The concentration of a chemical is never measured for its own sake, but for a purpose, which often involves trade, health, environmental, or legal matters. The ultimate goal is achieved by comparing the measurement result with another measurement result, with a prescribed value, a legal or regulatory limit, or with values amassed from the experience of the analyst or client. In trading grain, for example, if exported wheat is analyzed by both buyer and seller for protein content, they should be confident that they will obtain comparable measurement results; in other words, results for the same sample of wheat should agree within the stated measurement uncertainties. If the results do not agree, then one party or the other will be disadvantaged, the samples will have to be remeasured, perhaps by a third-party referee, at cost of time and money.
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Hibbert, D. Brynn, and J. Justin Gooding. "Calibration." In Data Analysis for Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162103.003.0010.

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• To describe the linear calibration model and how to estimate uncertainties in the calibration parameters and test concentrations determined from the model. • To show how to perform calibration calculations using Excel. • To calculate parameters and uncertainties in the standard addition method. • To calculate detection limits from measurements of blanks and uncertainties of the calibration model.… Calibration is at the heart of chemical analysis, and is the process by which the response of an instrument (in metrology called ‘‘indication of the measuring instrument’’) is related to the value of the measurand, in chemistry often the concentration of the analyte. Without proper calibration of instruments measurement results are not traceable, and not even correct. Scales in supermarkets are periodically calibrated to ensure they indicate the correct mass. Petrol pumps and gas and electric meters all must be calibrated and recalibrated at appropriate times. A typical example in analytical chemistry is the calibration of a GC (gas chromatography) analysis. The heights of GC peaks are measured as a function of the concentration of the analyte in a series of standard solutions (‘‘calibration solutions’’) and a linear equation fitted to the data. Before the advent of computers, a graph would be plotted by hand and used for calibration and subsequent measurement. Having drawn the best straight line through the points, the unknown test solution would be measured and the peak height read across to the calibration line then down on to the x-axis to give the concentration (figure 5.1). Nowadays, the regression equation is computed from the calibration data and then inverted to give the concentration of the test solution. Although the graph is no longer necessary to determine the parameters of the calibration equation, it is good practice to plot the graph as a rapid visual check for outliers or curvature. Because we can choose what values the calibration concentrations will take, the concentration is the independent variable, with the instrumental output being the dependent variable (because the output of the instrument depends on the concentration).
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Schlotzig, Vanessa, Kevin Kornrumpf, Alexander König, Tim Tucholski, Jonas Hügel, Tobias R. Overbeck, Tim Beissbarth, Raphael Koch, and Jürgen Dönitz. "Predicting the Effect of Variants of Unknown Significance in Molecular Tumor Boards with the VUS-Predict Pipeline." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210562.

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Precision oncology utilizing molecular biomarkers for targeted therapies is one of the hopes to treat cancer. The availability of patient specific molecular profiling through next-generation sequencing, though, increases the amount of available data per patient to an extent that computational support is required to identify potential driver alterations for targeted therapies and rational decision-making in molecular tumor boards (MTBs). For some genetic variants evidence-based drug recommendations are available in public databases, but for the majority, the variants of unknown significance (VUS), this clinical information is missing. Additionally, for most of these variants no information about the functional impact on the protein is accessible. To acquire maximal functional evidence for VUS, the VUS-Predict pipeline collects estimations about the effect of a VUS by integrating multiple pre-existing tools. Pre-existing tools implement different approaches for their predictions, which are summarized by our newly developed tool with a common score and classification in neutral or deleterious variants. The primary tools are chosen based on their sensitivity and specificity on well-known variants of the transcription factor TP53. Resulting negative and positive predictive values are used to calibrate the VUS-Predict pipeline. Further, the pipeline is evaluated using data from public cancer databases and cases of the MTB in Göttingen, both also in comparison with the ensemble method REVEL. The results show that VUS-Predict has clear advantages in a clinical setting due to clear and traceable predictions. In particular, VUS outperforms REVEL in the real-life setting of a MTB. Likewise, an evaluation on variants of public cancer databases confirms the good results of VUS-Predict and shows the need for a reliable gold standard and unambiguous results of the tools under test.
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Conference papers on the topic "Traceable standard"

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Bernier, Laurent-Guy, Daniel Stalder, Jacques Morel, Jakub Kucera, and Stefan Dahinden. "Traceable Calibration of a Phase Noise Standard." In 48th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting. Institute of Navigation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2017.14992.

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Hassan, S., C. Schlegel, R. Kumme, and R. Tutsch. "2.2.2 Uncertainty evaluation of a traceable dynamic force transfer standard." In 20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/sensoren2019/2.2.2.

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Gu, Dazhen, Derek Houtz, James Randa, and David K. Walker. "Realization of a standard radiometer for microwave brightness-temperature measurements traceable to fundamental noise standards." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6350709.

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Chernoff, Donald A., and David L. Burkhead. "Roadmap for traceable calibration of a 5-nm pitch length standard." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Christopher J. Raymond. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.846628.

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Ukraintsev, V. A., M. Helvey, Y. Guan, and B. P. Mikeska. "SI-traceable calibration of line-width roughness of 25nm NanoCD standard." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Christopher J. Raymond. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.858774.

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Verdegan, Barry M. "NIST Traceable Particle Counter Calibration Standard - Contamination Control Enters the Next Century." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/981970.

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Trinchera, Bruno, and Danilo Serazio. "A Modular Sampling Standard for Quantum Traceable Power Measurements: Comparison and Perspectives." In 2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc50364.2021.9459997.

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Lander, Michael L., John O. Bagford, Daniel B. Seibert, and Robert J. Hull. "High power calibration of commercial power meters using an NIST-traceable secondary standard." In ICALEO® ‘95: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058892.

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Tortonese, Marco, Yu Guan, and Jerry Prochazka. "NIST-traceable calibration of CD-SEM magnification using a 100-nm pitch standard." In Microlithography 2003, edited by Daniel J. Herr. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.482648.

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Dong, Erbao, Minjie Wang, Shuwei Shen, Yilin Han, Qiang Wu, and Ronald Xu. "3D printing of tissue-simulating phantoms as a traceable standard for biomedical optical measurement." In Seventh International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements, edited by Liandong Yu. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2218698.

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Reports on the topic "Traceable standard"

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Reda, Ibrahim M., Michael R. Dooraghi, Afshin M. Andreas, Julian Grobner, and Christian Thomann. NREL Comparison Between Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers and Pyrgeometers Traceable to World Infrared Standard Group and the InfraRed Integrating Sphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1480239.

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Reda, Ibrahim, Afshin Andreas, Mark Kutchenreiter, Martina Stoddard, and Aron Habte. NREL Comparison of Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers, InfraRed Integrating Sphere, and Pyrgeometers Traceable to World Infrared Standard Group: September 26-October 7, 2022. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1898003.

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Reda, Ibrahim M., Afshin M. Andreas, Peter Gotseff, Mark C. Kutchenreiter, and Marta Stoddard. NREL Comparison of Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers and Pyrgeometers Traceable to the World Infrared Standard Group and the Infrared Integrating Sphere: September 23-October 4, 2019. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1571754.

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Ahumada, Hildegart, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Santos Espina-Mairal, and Fernando Navajas. Sectoral Productivity Growth, COVID-19 Shocks, and Infrastructure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003411.

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Abstract:
This paper examines sectoral productivity shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, their aggregate impact, and the possible compensatory effects of improving productivity in infrastructure-related sectors. We employ the KLEMS annual dataset for a group of OECD and Latin America and the Caribbean countries, complemented with high-frequency data for 2020. First, we estimate a panel vector autoregression of growth rates in sector level labor productivity to specify the nature and size of sectoral shocks using the historical data. We then run impulse-response simulations of one standard deviation shocks in the sectors that were most affected by COVID 19. We estimate that the pandemic cut economy-wide labor productivity by 4.9 percent in Latin America, and by 3.5 percent for the entire sample. Finally, by modeling the long-run relationship between productivity shocks in the sectors most affected by COVID 19, we find that large productivity improvements in infrastructure--equivalent to at least three times the historical rates of productivity gains--may be needed to fully compensate for the negative productivity losses traceable to COVID 19.
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Dorko, William D., Michael E. Kelley, and Franklin R. Guenther. The NIST Traceable Reference Material Program for Gas Standards. National Institute of Standards and Technology, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-126rev2013.

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Kelly, W. Robert, Bruce S. MacDonald, and Stefan D. Leigh. A method for the preparation of NIST traceable fossil fuel standards with concentrations intermediate to SRM values. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-167.

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