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Li, Ya-nan, Zhihui Duan, Jing Li, Zhiwei Shao, Juncheng Mo, Junhui Wu, Shuyi Ling, Zhuoheng Liu, and Chengyu Chen. "Quantitative analysis of trace metals in the Raritan River with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (September 1, 2020): 3183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.206.
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Abstract Raritan River is the largest river basin in New Jersey, providing the water supply for one million people in seven counties nearby. In this study, water samples collected from 11 Raritan River standard sampling stations along the Raritan Estuary to the Atlantic Ocean were analyzed for concentrations of trace metals and their isotopes. The concentration of each trace metal was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), with normalization of internal standard and correction with acid blanks. The metal concentration levels were compared to the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria (NRWQC). Results showed that the metal concentrations generally increased with the sampling station number, indicating that more trace metals were distributed in seawater than freshwater along the river basin. None of the sampling stations had concentrations of 52Cr or 208Pb exceeding the NRWQC. For 64+66Zn, only the water concentration (230 μg/L) at station 7 has exceeded the NRWQC. The concentrations of 75As at stations 9, 10, and 11 have exceeded the NRWQC, possessing potential risk for causing chronic disease. Furthermore, 63+65Cu and 106+111Cd concentrations at all sampling stations exceeded the limit set by NRWQC. Considering the potential health hazards of these trace metals, the sampling sites with excessive concentrations should be monitored.
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Blasco, Julián, Tania Gomes, Tamara García-Barrera, Araceli Rodríguez-Romero, María Gonzalez-Rey, Fernando Morán-Roldán, Chiara Tromibini, Michal Miotk, José Luis Gómez-Ariza, and María Joao Bebianno. "Trace metal concentrations in sediments from the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula." Scientia Marina 74, S1 (November 16, 2010): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74s1099.
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Shon, Zang-Ho, Ju-Hee Jeong, and Yoo-Keun Kim. "Characteristics of Atmospheric Metalliferous Particles during Large-Scale Fireworks in Korea." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/423275.
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The effect of large-scale firework events on urban background trace metal concentrations was investigated using 24 hr data collected over 3 days at three sites in Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea, during the falls (Oct.) of 2011–2013. The firework events increased local background concentrations of trace metals as follows: K (1.72 times), Sr (2.64 times), As (2.86 times), Pb (2.91 times), and Al (5.44 times). The levels of some metals did not always drop to background level one day after the firework event. The contribution of fireworks to trace metal concentration levels (and emissions) for 2011 event was negligible compared to 2012 and 2013 events due to different meteorological conditions (precipitation). In addition, the impact of firework events on the ambient concentration levels of trace metals was likely to be different depending on their chemical speciation. The impact of firework events in Busan on urban air quality (trace metal) was less intense compared to other similar festivals worldwide. The largest emission of trace metals and elements from firework burning was represented by K (128–164 kg), followed by Pb, Cd, Cu, Mg, Ba, As, Al, Ga, Co, and Na.
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D’Haese, Patrick C., Marie-Madeleine Couttenye, Ludwig V. Lamberts, Monique M. Elseviers, William G. Goodman, Iris Schrooten, Walter E. Cabrera, and Marc E. De Broe. "Aluminum, Iron, Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Chromium, Magnesium, Strontium, and Calcium Content in Bone of End-Stage Renal Failure Patients." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.9.1548.
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Abstract Background: Little is known about trace metal alterations in the bones of dialysis patients or whether particular types of renal osteodystrophy are associated with either increased or decreased skeletal concentrations of trace elements. Because these patients are at risk for alterations of trace elements as well as for morbidity from skeletal disorders, we measured trace elements in bone of patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods: We analyzed bone biopsies of 100 end-stage renal failure patients enrolled in a hemodialysis program. The trace metal contents of bone biopsies with histological features of either osteomalacia, adynamic bone disease, mixed lesion, normal histology, or hyperparathyroidism were compared with each other and with the trace metal contents of bone of subjects with normal renal function. Trace metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The concentrations of aluminum, chromium, and cadmium were increased in bone of end-stage renal failure patients. Comparing the trace metal/calcium ratio, significantly higher values were found for the bone chromium/calcium, aluminum/calcium, zinc/calcium, magnesium/calcium, and strontium/calcium ratios. Among types of renal osteodystrophy, increased bone aluminum, lead, and strontium concentrations and strontium/calcium and aluminum/calcium ratios were found in dialysis patients with osteomalacia vs the other types of renal osteodystrophy considered as one group. Moreover, the concentrations of several trace elements in bone were significantly correlated with each other. Bone aluminum was correlated with the time on dialysis, whereas bone iron, aluminum, magnesium, and strontium tended to be associated with patient age. Bone trace metal concentrations did not depend on vitamin D intake nor on the patients’ gender. Conclusions: The concentration of several trace elements in bone of end-stage renal failure patients is disturbed, and some of the trace metals under study might share pathways of absorption, distribution, and accumulation. The clinical significance of the increased/decreased concentrations of several trace elements other than aluminum in bone of dialysis patients deserves further investigation.
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Hsiao, Shih-Hui, and Tien-Hsi Fang. "Trace metal contents in male, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females, and the egg sacs of the marine copepod, Euchaeta concinna Dana, 1849 (Copepoda, Euchaetidae), collected from the southern East China Sea." Crustaceana 86, no. 11 (2013): 1410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003231.
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Marine copepods have a great ability to accumulate trace metals from seawater. The trace metal content in marine copepods may vary both intra- and inter-specifically. However, the known specific trace metal content of the copepod sexes and according to the ovigerous status of the females is very limited. Copepod samples of Euchaeta concinna Dana, 1849, were collected from the southern East China Sea and separated into four groups: males; non-ovigerous females; ovigerous females without egg sacs, and egg sacs, in order to analyse the trace metal contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in these samples. These trace metal contents were found to range between 0.04 and 195.7 μg/g. Zinc, Fe, and Cu were the major components among the trace metals studied and their concentrations generally exceeded 10 μg/g. The trace metal contents in the copepod body generally exceeded the amount in the egg sacs. However, the Cr concentration in the egg sacs was much higher than that in the copepod body, either male or female, and the value ranked as second just behind Zn among the metals studied. The nickel content was also slightly higher in the egg sacs. This study provides the important finding that E. concinna egg sacs contained Cr concentrations out of all proportions to that of the copepod body. Yet, why E. concinna egg sacs contain relatively higher Cr concentrations than the body remains a question to be answered.
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Ellwood, Michael J., Peter Wilson, Kay Vopel, and Malcolm Green. "Trace metal cycling in the Whau Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 4 (2008): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07077.
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Environmental context. The accumulation of trace metals from urban runoff is a serious environmental concern. In the present paper we show that, in the case of the Whau Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand, there is a significant particulate Zn input, of which a significant amount of Zn is lost from the particulate phase into the dissolved phase within the water column, and via molecular diffusion across the water–sediment interface. The present study shows that changes in the chemical speciation of Zn, associated with changes in salinity, play a major role in regulating the recycling of this metal between the particulate and dissolved phases. Abstract. Dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb concentrations were measured along a salinity gradient in the Whau Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. We found a mid-salinity maximum in dissolved Zn and Cd concentrations, consistent with significant loss of these metals from the particulate phase into the dissolved phase. Changes in the chemical speciation of these two metals were coupled to changes in salinity and this was the major driver for Zn and Cd loss from particulate material. Contrastingly, Cu concentrations were conservative with salinity, whereas there was significant scavenging of Fe and Pb from the dissolved phase into the particulate phase. Analysis of sediment pore-water metal concentrations indicated a peak in Zn concentration within the suboxic layer. The peak occurred at a shallower depth than those for Mn and Fe. The concentration gradient across the sediment–water interface suggests that diffusional loss of Zn from the sediment pore water into the overlying water column was occurring. Conversely, the diffusion of Cu from the water column into the sediment pore water was likely to occur because pore-water Cu concentrations were lower than the overlying water column concentrations. The results from the present study show the importance of chemical speciation and the lability of metals attached to particulate material as potentially being a critical determinant on sediment metal concentrations.
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Fasfous, Ismail I., C. L. Chakrabarti, John Murimboh, and Tahir Yapici. "Complexation of Lead in Model Solutions of Humic Acid: Heterogeneity and Effects of Competition with Copper, Nickel, and Zinc." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2006): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06022.
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Environmental Context. Metal bioavailability and toxicity are often related to free metal concentration rather than total metal concentration. Humic substances are chemically and physically heterogeneous complexants for metals in natural waters, and play an important role in trace metal transport, fate, and bioavailability. Metal bioavailability, which depends on chemical speciation of metals, is greatly influenced by the presence of other trace metals and major cations in natural waters. In this work, the effects of heterogeneity of humic substances, and of competition of trace metals on lead speciation in model solutions have been studied to gain a better understanding of these effects on complexation of trace metal lead and its bioavailability. Abstract. Physicochemical heterogeneity of a well characterized humic acid (HA) in its complexation with a trace metal lead in model solutions was investigated using pseudo-polarography at a stationary mercury drop electrode, and the differential equilibrium function (DEF) of Pb(ii)–HA complexes was determined. The complexation of Pb(ii) by HA was determined by taking into account the dependence of the strength of the binding on the metal (Pb) loading. Also investigated were the effects of competition of the trace metals copper, nickel, and zinc on the DEF of Pb(ii)–HA complexes in model solutions. The results showed that these trace metals competed with trace metal lead for binding by HA even when present at the same concentrations as that of lead.
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Tembeni, Babalwa, Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji, Ikechukwu P. Ejidike, and Adebola O. Oyedeji. "Evaluation of Trace Metal Profile inCymbopogon validusandHyparrhenia hirtaUsed as Traditional Herbs from Environmentally Diverse Region of Komga, South Africa." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9293165.
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FAAS was used for the analysis of trace metals in fresh and dry plant parts ofCymbopogon validusandHyparrhenia hirtaspecies with the aim of determining the trace metals concentrations in selected traditional plants consumed in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The trace metal concentration (mg/kg) in the samples of dryCymbopogon validusleaves (DCVL) showed Cu of12.40±1.000; Zn of2.42±0.401; Fe of2.50±0.410; Mn of1.31±0.210; Pb of3.36±0.401 mg/kg, while the samples of freshHyparrhenia hirtaflowers (FHHF) gave Cu of9.77±0.610; Zn of0.70±0.200; Fe of2.11±0.200; Mn of1.15±0.080; Pb of3.15±0.100 mg/kg. Abundance of metal concentrations follows the order: Cu > Fe > Pb > Mn > Zn in the flower samples ofCymbopogon validusandHyparrhenia hirtaspecies. The concentrations of trace metals in both plant parts were below the permissible limits (PL) set by WHO. It is suggested that pharmacovigilance be carried out periodically to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of various herbal products.
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Venter, Andrew D., Pieter G. van Zyl, Johan P. Beukes, Micky Josipovic, Johan Hendriks, Ville Vakkari, and Lauri Laakso. "Atmospheric trace metals measured at a regional background site (Welgegund) in South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 6 (March 29, 2017): 4251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4251-2017.
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Abstract. Atmospheric trace metals can cause a variety of health-related and environmental problems. Only a few studies on atmospheric trace metal concentrations have been conducted in South Africa. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine trace metal concentrations in aerosols collected at a regional background site, i.e. Welgegund, South Africa. PM1, PM1–2. 5 and PM2. 5–10 samples were collected for 13 months, and 31 atmospheric trace metal species were detected. Atmospheric iron (Fe) had the highest concentrations in all three size fractions, while calcium (Ca) was the second-most-abundant species. Chromium (Cr) and sodium (Na) concentrations were the third- and fourth-most-abundant species, respectively. The concentrations of the trace metal species in all three size ranges were similar, with the exception of Fe, which had higher concentrations in the PM1 size fraction. With the exception of titanium (Ti), aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mg), 70 % or more of the trace metal species detected were in the smaller size fractions, which indicated the influence of industrial activities. However, the large influence of wind-blown dust was reflected by 30 % or more of trace metals being present in the PM2. 5–10 size fraction. Comparison of trace metals determined at Welgegund to those in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex indicated that at both locations similar species were observed, with Fe being the most abundant. However, concentrations of these trace metal species were significantly higher in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. Fe concentrations at the Vaal Triangle were similar to levels thereof at Welgegund, while concentrations of species associated with pyrometallurgical smelting were lower. Annual average Ni was 4 times higher, and annual average As was marginally higher than their respective European standard values, which could be attributed to regional influence of pyrometallurgical industries in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. All three size fractions indicated elevated trace metal concentrations coinciding with the end of the dry season, which could partially be attributed to decreased wet removal and increases in wind generation of particulates. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) revealed four meaningful factors in the PM1 size fraction, i.e. crustal, pyrometallurgical-related and Au slimes dams. No meaningful factors were determined for the PM1–2. 5 and PM2. 5–10 size fractions, which was attributed to the large influence of wind-blown dust on atmospheric trace metals determined at Welgegund. Pollution roses confirmed the influence of wind-blown dust on trace metal concentrations measured at Welgegund, while the impact of industrial activities was also substantiated.
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DeBenedictis, Chiara Alessia, Andrea Raab, Ellen Ducie, Shauna Howley, Joerg Feldmann, and Andreas Martin Grabrucker. "Concentrations of Essential Trace Metals in the Brain of Animal Species—A Comparative Study." Brain Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070460.
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The essential trace metals iron, zinc, and copper have a significant physiological role in healthy brain development and function. Especially zinc is important for neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission and plasticity, and neurite outgrowth. Given the key role of trace metals in many cellular processes, it is important to maintain adequate levels in the brain. However, the physiological concentration of trace metals, and in particular zinc, in the human and animal brain is not well described so far. For example, little is known about the trace metal content of the brain of animals outside the class of mammals. Here, we report the concentration of iron, zinc, and copper in fresh brain tissue of different model-species of the phyla Chordata (vertebrates (mammals, fish)), Annelida, Arthropoda (insects), and Mollusca (snails), using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our results show that the trace metals are present in the nervous system of all species and that significant differences can be detected between species of different phyla. We further show that a region-specific distribution of metals within the nervous system already exists in earthworms, hinting at a tightly controlled metal distribution. In line with this, the trace metal content of the brain of different species does not simply correlate with brain size. We conclude that although the functional consequences of the controlled metal homeostasis within the brain of many species remains elusive, trace metal biology may not only play an important role in the nervous system of mammals but across the whole animal kingdom.
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Doherty, G. B., D. Coomans, and G. J. Brunskill. "Modelling natural and enhanced trace metal concentrations in sediments of Cleveland Bay, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 8 (2000): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98141.
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The major element and trace metal analytical results of a strong acid digestion have been used to model natural and enhanced trace metal concentrations in surface sediment samples from Cleveland Bay. The natural ranges in concentration of cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in sediments have been modelled by multiple linear regression using major elements as independent variables. Sites that exceed the upper 95% prediction interval of the regression model of the natural range in concentration are classified as enhanced. Enhancement of sites by metals derived from anthropogenic sources is characterized by enhancement of cadmium, copper, lead or zinc, and can be identified by Principle Components Analysis. Sites that contain metals derived from anthropogenic sources occur within the intertidal and near-shore sediments of western Cleveland Bay. No evidence of trace metals derived from anthropogenic sources was found within the sediments of the central bay.
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Fomba, K. W., D. van Pinxteren, K. Müller, Y. Iinuma, T. Lee, J. Collet Jr., and H. Herrmann. "Trace metal characterization of aerosol particles and cloud water during HCCT 2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 7 (April 14, 2015): 10899–938. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-10899-2015.
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Abstract. Trace metal characterization of bulk and size resolved aerosol and cloud water samples were performed during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia (HCCT) campaign. Cloud water was collected at the top of Mt. Schmücke while aerosol samples were collected at two stations upwind and downwind of Mt. Schmücke. Fourteen trace metals including Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn, Ni, Cu, As, Sr, Rb, Pb, Cr, and Se were investigated during four full cloud events (FCE) that fulfilled the conditions of a continuous air mass flow through the three stations. Aerosol particle trace metal concentrations were found to be lower than those observed in the same region during previous field experiments but were within a similar range to those observed in other rural regions in Europe. Fe and Zn were the most abundant elements with concentration ranges of 0.2–111.6 and 1.1–32.1 ng m−3, respectively. Fe, Mn and Ti were mainly found in coarse mode aerosols while Zn, Pb and As were mostly found in the fine mode. Correlation and enrichment factor analysis of trace metals revealed that trace metals such as Ti and Rb were mostly of crustal origin while trace metals such as Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, V, and Cu were of anthropogenic origin. Trace metals such as Fe, Mn, were of mixed origins including crustal and combustion sources. Trace metal cloud water concentration decreased from Ti, Mn, Cr, to Co with average concentrations of 9.18, 5.59, 5.54, and 0.46 μg L−1, respectively. A non-uniform distribution of soluble Fe, Cu and Mn was observed across the cloud drop sizes. Soluble Fe and Cu were found mainly in cloud droplets with diameters between 16 and 22 μm while Mn was found mostly in larger drops greater than 22 μm. Fe (III) was the main form of soluble Fe especially in the small and larger drops with concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 37.1 μg L−1. In contrast to other studies, Fe (II) was observed mainly in the evening hours, implying its presence was not directly related to photochemical processes. Aerosol cloud interaction did not lead to a mark increase in soluble trace metal concentrations, but led to differences in the chemical composition of the aerosol due to preferential loss of aerosol particles through physical processes including cloud drop deposition to vegetative surfaces.
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Fomba, K. W., D. van Pinxteren, K. Müller, Y. Iinuma, T. Lee, J. L. Collett, and H. Herrmann. "Trace metal characterization of aerosol particles and cloud water during HCCT 2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 15 (August 10, 2015): 8751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8751-2015.
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Abstract. Trace metal characterization of bulk and size-resolved aerosol and cloud water samples were performed during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia (HCCT) campaign. Cloud water was collected at the top of Mt. Schmücke while aerosol samples were collected at two stations upwind and downwind of Mt. Schmücke. Fourteen trace metals including Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn, Ni, Cu, As, Sr, Rb, Pb, Cr, and Se were investigated during four full cloud events (FCEs) that fulfilled the conditions of a continuous air mass flow through the three stations. Aerosol particle trace metal concentrations were found to be lower than those observed in the same region during previous field experiments but were within a similar range to those observed in other rural regions in Europe. Fe and Zn were the most abundant elements with concentration ranges of 0.2–111.6 and 1.1–32.1 ng m−3, respectively. Fe, Mn, and Ti were mainly found in coarse mode aerosols while Zn, Pb, and As were mostly found in the fine mode. Correlation and enrichment factor analysis of trace metals revealed that trace metals such as Ti and Rb were mostly of crustal origin while trace metals such as Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, V, and Cu were of anthropogenic origin. Trace metals such as Fe and Mn were of mixed origins including crustal and combustion sources. Trace metal cloud water concentration decreased from Ti, Mn, Cr, to Co with average concentrations of 9.18, 5.59, 5.54, and 0.46 μg L−1, respectively. A non-uniform distribution of soluble Fe, Cu, and Mn was observed across the cloud drop sizes. Soluble Fe and Cu were found mainly in cloud droplets with diameters between 16 and 22 μm, while Mn was found mostly in larger drops greater than 22 μm. Fe(III) was the main form of soluble Fe especially in the small and larger drops with concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 37.1 μg L−1. In contrast to other studies, Fe(II) was observed mainly in the evening hours, implying its presence was not directly related to photochemical processes. Aerosol–cloud interaction did not lead to a marked increase in soluble trace metal concentrations; rather it led to differences in the chemical composition of the aerosol due to preferential loss of aerosol particles through physical processes including cloud drop deposition to vegetative surfaces.
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Faucher, Giulia, Linn Hoffmann, Lennart T. Bach, Cinzia Bottini, Elisabetta Erba, and Ulf Riebesell. "Impact of trace metal concentrations on coccolithophore growth and morphology: laboratory simulations of Cretaceous stress." Biogeosciences 14, no. 14 (July 31, 2017): 3603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3603-2017.
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Abstract. The Cretaceous ocean witnessed intervals of profound perturbations such as volcanic input of large amounts of CO2, anoxia, eutrophication and introduction of biologically relevant metals. Some of these extreme events were characterized by size reduction and/or morphological changes of a few calcareous nannofossil species. The correspondence between intervals of high trace metal concentrations and coccolith dwarfism suggests a negative effect of these elements on nannoplankton biocalcification processes in past oceans. In order to test this hypothesis, we explored the potential effect of a mixture of trace metals on growth and morphology of four living coccolithophore species, namely Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Pleurochrysis carterae and Coccolithus pelagicus. The phylogenetic history of coccolithophores shows that the selected living species are linked to Mesozoic species showing dwarfism under excess metal concentrations. The trace metals tested were chosen to simulate the environmental stress identified in the geological record and upon known trace metal interactions with living coccolithophore algae.Our laboratory experiments demonstrated that elevated trace metal concentrations, similarly to the fossil record, affect coccolithophore algae size and/or weight. Smaller coccoliths were detected in E. huxleyi and C. pelagicus, while coccoliths of G. oceanica showed a decrease in size only at the highest trace metal concentrations. P. carterae coccolith size was unresponsive to changing trace metal concentrations. These differences among species allow discriminating the most- (P. carterae), intermediate- (E. huxleyi and G. oceanica) and least-tolerant (C. pelagicus) taxa. The fossil record and the experimental results converge on a selective response of coccolithophores to metal availability.These species-specific differences must be considered before morphological features of coccoliths are used to reconstruct paleo-chemical conditions.
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Michalopoulou-Petropoulou, V., C. Tsabaris, D. L. Patiris, E. G. Androulakaki, G. Eleftheriou, M. Kokkoris, F. K. Pappa, and R. Vlastou. "Measurement of radionuclides and trace metals concentration in surface sediments from the coastal zone of Lavreotiki peninsula." HNPS Proceedings 23 (March 8, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1898.
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This work presents the results of a preliminary study at the coastal zone of the Lavreotiki peninsula, concerning radionuclide and trace metal concentration measurements in sediment samples collected from the seabed of four local gulfs and the corresponding beaches. The radionuclide activity concentrations were determined by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy and the concentration of trace metals by the XRF method. The observed radionuclide levels of both seabed and beach sediment are considered relatively low to medium, in comparison with international values of activity concentration in soil. For most of the trace metals, high concentrations were measured in comparison with guidelines, especially for As, Mn, Pb and Zn.
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Higgins, HW, and DJ Mackey. "Role of Ecklonia radiata (C. Ag.) J. Agardh in determining trace metal availability in coastal waters. I. Total trace metals." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 3 (1987): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870307.
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No seasonal variations were found in the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, K, Ca, Mg and Na in the kelp E. radiata collected from the marine-dominated Port Hacking estuary on the east coast of Australia. Concentrations of Fe and Mn were about 60% higher in late summer. The relative distributions of all metals between different kelp tissues, however, showed no seasonal variation. Concentration factors (dry weight basis) for trace metals ranged from 2600 for Cu to 68 000 for Fe. With high biomasses common in macroalgal ecosystems, a large proportion of the non-sediment- bound trace metals can be associated with the macroalgae, which therefore act as substantial buffers for these elements. Metal concentration factors (Y, wet wt basis) were related to oceanic residence times (τ) by the equation log Y = -0.69 logτ + 5.4. The distribution of the aikaii and akaline earth metais (K, Ca, Mg and Na) was relativeiy uniform throughout the various kelp tissues. However, concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cd were significantly higher in the older extremities (holdfast and eroding tip) than in the meristematic region. Although the holdfast also had higher levels of Cu than the meristem, levels were lower in the eroding tip. The results suggest either a slow net intracellular accumulation of metals with time or an increase in potential metal- binding sites as the extremities senesce. Translocation and elimination of surplus metals through the eroding tip or holdfast was thought not to be important in E. radiata as metal concentrations did not differ between live and dead haptera of the holdfast. Likewise, storage of metals in either the holdfast or eroding tip was considered unlikely because of the constant relative tissue distribution throughout the year and lack of metal mobilization during periods of growth. Pretreatment of kelp tissue with an EDTA wash released about 90% of the total Zn and Cd, 25% of the Cu and 7% of the Fe, suggesting that a large proportion of the total kelp Zn and Cd is associated with the apparent free space (AFS). With rapid exchange between seawater and the AFS, E. radiata is therefore not generally useful as a sentinel accumulator species in pollution studies for assessing long term integrated changes of metals in the water column.
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Zelewski, Linda M., David P. Krabbenhoft, and David E. Armstrong. "Trace Metal Concentrations in Shallow Ground Water." Ground Water 39, no. 4 (July 2001): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02336.x.
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Long, David T., Wm Berry Lyons, and Henri E. Gaudette. "Trace-metal concentrations in modern marine sabkhas." Chemical Geology 53, no. 3-4 (December 1985): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90067-1.
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Haye, Jennifer M., Peter H. Santschi, Kimberly A. Roberts, and Sammy Ray. "Protective Role of Alginic Acid Against Metal Uptake by American Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2006): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06015.
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Environmental Context. Trace metals are both micronutrients and toxicants, depending on concentration, and in coastal waters they bind to natural organic matter including nanoparticles. The binding type affects trace metal bioavailability to bivalves such as oysters, which ingest metals through water and food particles. Bivalves are biomonitors because of the high trace metal concentrations, especially Cu and Zn, in their tissues. Here, the polysaccharide alginic acid is shown to protect against the assimilation and bioavailability of trace metals to American oysters. Abstract. Little is known about how colloidal macromolecular organic matter (COM) modifies the bioavailability of toxic metals to aquatic organisms. In order to understand the physical and chemical properties of COM on the bioavailability of some metals to estuarine bivalves used as biomonitors, American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were exposed to natural COMs and model acid polysaccharides (APS, alginic acid (AA), kappa carrageenan (CAR), and latex particles), and natural colloidal organic carbon (COC), tagged with either radioactive Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg or Zn, or 14C-labelled sugar OH groups. Filter-feeding oysters efficiently removed latex particles 0.04 µm in diameter, with removal half-times of 2.5–5.5 h, equivalent to a filtration rate of approximately 3 L day–1 g–1. Thus, AA protects against metal uptake by oysters, which is confirmed by metal dry-weight concentration factors (DCFs) similar to, or lower than, those for 14C-labelled AA. However, metal-DCFs for CAR and COC were higher than for 14C-labelled counterparts, suggesting that in these treatments, metal uptake was enhanced over that of carbon. The 14C-labelled AA was taken up significantly more than other 14C-labelled organics, suggesting different behavior in the digestive tract. Bioavailabilty of metals bound to organic nanoparticles with different nutritional and physiological properties is not fully understood, and will require further experiments.
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Rainbow, Philip S. "Trace Metal Accumulation in Marine Invertebrates: Marine Biology or Marine Chemistry?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 1 (February 1997): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400033877.
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Trace metals are accumulated by marine invertebrates to body concentrations higher, in many cases orders of magnitude higher, than the concentrations in an equivalent weight of the surrounding sea-water (Eisler, 1981; Rainbow, 1990; Phillips & Rainbow, 1993). Specific details of trace metal accumulation processes vary within the same invertebrate species between metals, and for the same trace metal between invertebrates, often between closely related species (Rainbow, 1990, 1993). This short review attempts to highlight some of the comparative aspects of the processes involved that are expected and explicable in terms of the chemistry of the respective elements, and those where the physiology of the species involved intervenes to offset predictions from purely chemical principles. Although an appreciation of trace metal chemistry is crucial to an understanding of trace metal accumulation, idiosyncrasies in the biology of the invertebrate (at any taxon level) may intervene to bring about significant and unexpected comparative differences in metal accumulation patterns.
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Singh, Sarabjeet, and Luke M. Mosley. "Trace metal levels in drinking water on Viti Levu, Fiji Islands." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 21, no. 1 (2003): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp03006.
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Drinking water samples from several major source intakes and reticulation end points on Viti Levu, Fiji Islands were analysed for trace metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) content. The objective of the study was to determine if metal concentrations were within the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. The concentrations of metals were determined using various atomic absorption techniques (flame, graphite furnace, hydride generation). In the source waters, concentrations of trace metals were generally very low (<0.5 mg/L) indicating that there are only small inputs of metals from anthropogenic or natural sources. Some of the reticulation end points were found to have higher levels of metals such as Cu. This is likely due to the leaching of metals from metal pipes and fittings within the distribution system. The majority of samples were within WHO guidelines indicating that Viti Levu's water appears safe for drinking from a trace metal perspective. A relatively high value for As was found at one site which was located downstream of a gold mine tailings pond discharge.
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Zaccaroni, Annalisa, Camilla Niccoli, Giulia Andreani, Dino Scaravelli, Maria Ferrante, Antonia Lucisano, and Gloria Isani. "Trace metal concentration in wild avian species from Campania, Italy." Open Chemistry 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0119-7.
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AbstractThis study was conducted to determine heavy metals concentrations in tissues of 94 birds belonging to different species from coastal areas of Naples and Salerno (Southern Italy) in order to provide baseline data concerning trace element levels in wild birds living in or close to an area characterized by high anthropogenic impact. Additional aim of this study was to verify if diet influenced metal accumulation, so birds were classified as birds of prey, fish eating birds and insectivorous birds. Kidney was the primary organ for Cd accumulation in all groups considered, Pb was accumulated preferentially in bone, whereas Hg showed high values in liver of fish eating birds. Zn showed the highest mean concentrations, while Cu levels were one order of magnitude less. The variance analysis with respect to feeding habits disclosed only a lower accumulation of Hg in insectivores with respect to the other groups. For all metals, the concentrations measured in tissues should be considered indicative of chronic exposure to low, “background” environmental levels and/or to the presence of low bioavailable metals in the environment. In addition, metal levels were not of toxicological concern, being always well below the toxic thresholds defined for each metal.
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Krailertrattanachai, Nattanan, Daojarus Ketrot, and Worachart Wisawapipat. "The Distribution of Trace Metals in Roadside Agricultural Soils, Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050714.
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Vehicle emissions have been known to cause trace metal contamination in soils. The extent of such contaminations in soils, and of the effects of traffic density and distance from highways on the concentration of trace metals in roadside agricultural soils is largely unknown. This study examined the total concentrations of common trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in roadside agricultural soils from Thailand with diverse traffic densities (approximately 30–200 million vehicles/kilometer/year), roadside distances (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 m from the road edge), and crops (rice, maize, and sugarcane). Cadmium, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations significantly decreased with increasing distance away from the roads (p < 0.05). However, the concentrations of these metals were not correlated with traffic density, probably due to extensive road maintenance and expansion. The contamination factor demonstrated that the road edge soils were moderately- to highly-polluted with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The safest distance to minimize metal pollution for agricultural production is proposed to be greater than 10 m away from the road edge.
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Friedland, Andrew J., Arthur H. Johnson, and Thomas G. Siccama. "Coniferous litter decomposition on Camels Hump, Vermont: a review." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-186.
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The high-elevation forests of the northeastern United States receive relatively large quantities of atmospheric pollutants, including trace metals, in rain, fog, snow, and dry deposition. Measurements of forest floor thickness and trace metal and organic matter concentrations on Camels Hump, Vermont, taken between 1965 and 1983 show that while trace metal and organic matter concentrations have increased substantially during that time period, forest floor thicknesses have not shown a consistent pattern of change. Based on previously published decomposition experiments, it does not appear that the current metal concentrations present in the forest floor on Camels Hump are capable of significantly reducing decomposition of organic matter. It is possible that trace metal accumulations over the next century (or more) may be consequential to biological processes in the forest floor.
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Osuna, M. B., J. Iza, M. Zandvoort, and P. N. L. Lens. "Essential metal depletion in an anaerobic reactor." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 6 (September 1, 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0343.
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The effect of the absence of trace elements on the conversion of a mixture of volatile fatty acids by a distillery anaerobic granular sludge was investigated. Two UASB reactors were operated under identical operational conditions except for the influent trace metal concentrations, during 140 days. Experiments were carried out in three periods, where different organic loading rates (OLR) were applied to the reactors. The total trace metal concentration steadily decreased at a rate of 48 μg metal/g TS.d in the deprived reactor (down to 35% of their initial value). In contrast, trace metals accumulated in granules present in the control reactor. At the end of the experiment, the COD removal efficiencies were 99% and 77% for the control and deprived reactors, respectively, due to the lack of propionate conversion. Cobalt sorption experiments were carried out in order to study its speciation, and its effects on the speciation of other metals as well. A paper mill wastewater treating granular sludge was also included in the study as a comparison. Results obtained showed that the principal metal forms normally associated with any sludge are a function of each soluble metal concentration in the system, and the characteristics of the particular sludge.
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Tack, Filip M. G., Nic Dezillie, and Marc G. Verloo. "Metal Concentrations in Soil Paste Extracts as Affected by Extraction Ratio." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.169.
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Saturated paste extracts are sometimes used to estimate metal levels in the soil solution. To assess the significance of heavy-metal concentrations measured in saturation extracts, soil paste extracts were prepared with distilled water in amounts ranging from 60–200% of the moisture content at saturation. Trace metals behaved as if a small pool consistently was dissolved independent of the extraction ratio applied. Metal concentrations in the solution hence were not buffered by the solid phase, but the observed behaviour would allow the estimation of metal concentrations in the soil solution as a function of moisture content. The behaviour of iron and manganese suggested that some microbial reduction occurred. The intensity increased with increasing extraction ratio but not to the extent of affecting dissolution of trace elements.
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Bati, Keagile, Oarabile Mogobe, and Wellington R. L. Masamba. "Concentrations of Some Trace Elements in Vegetables Sold at Maun Market, Botswana." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n1p69.
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Contamination of vegetables with toxic metals is one of the most important contributing factors to ill health throughout the world, more so because vegetables are considered essential for human health and their consumption is highly recommended by health authorities. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of selected essential elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Pb) in common vegetables sold for human consumption in supermarkets and open market of Maun village, Botswana. Five vegetables (cabbage, rape, tomatoes, onions and potatoes) were purchased from different selling points, washed with de-ionised water, cut into small pieces and digested with aqua regia on a block digester, following the US. EPA method 200 - 7 and analysed for metal content using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results showed that concentrations of essential and toxic metals varied with the type of vegetable and also with the market category (supermarket or street vendor). The highest concentration of essential elements was obtained from cabbage with a Zn concentration of 135.4mg/Kg and the lowest was from onion with a Mo concentration of 1.35mg/Kg. For toxic elements the highest concentration was obtained from rape vegetable with a Pb concentration of 4.73mg/Kg and the lowest from the same vegetable with Cr concentration below the detection limit. Also observed was that leafy vegetables, especially cabbage, had the highest concentrations of most trace metals. It was concluded that vegetables sold in Maun had sufficient levels of essential elements but also some had high concentrations of toxic metals. We thus recommend consumption of vegetables from the studied markets with reduced frequency to avoid metal poisoning.
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Gong, Qiong, Peizhen Chen, Rongguang Shi, Yi Gao, Shun-An Zheng, Yan Xu, Chaofeng Shao, and Xiangqun Zheng. "Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061031.
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The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans caused by trace metals. A wide survey of organic fertilizers was carried out in northern China. A total of 117 organic fertilizer samples were collected to analyze the concentrations of seven trace metals. Simulation models were used to estimate the trace metal accumulation risk in soil and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the human body. The concentrations of trace metals varied widely (Cr: 2.74–151.15; Ni: 2.94–49.35; Cu: 0.76–378.32; Zn: 0.50–1748.01; As: 1.54–23.96; Cd: 2.74–151.15; and Pb: 1.60–151.09 mg·kg−1). Chinese organic fertilizer standard limits were exceeded by0.85% for Cr, 5.98% for As, 1.71% for Cd, and 4.27% for Pb. Monte Carlo simulations showed that repeated application of organic fertilizer likely significantly increased the concentrations of Zn, Cd, and As in soil compared with the soil background levels according to the Soil Environmental Quality Standards of China. As and Cr pose high risks to human health, especially as carcinogenic risk factors with a skin exposure pathway. Reducing the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in organic fertilizer would be of great significance for minimizing the damage caused by trace metals.
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Farrell, Richard E., Jae E. Yang, P. Ming Huang, and Wen K. Liaw. "Chemical Composition and Metal Speciation in Porewaters from the Upper Qu’Appelle River Basin, Saskatchewan." Water Quality Research Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.005.
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Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (> 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.
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Jing, Li, Li Fadong, Liu Qiang, Song Shuai, and Zhao Guangshuai. "Spatial distribution and sources of dissolved trace metals in surface water of the Wei River, China." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 4 (February 1, 2013): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.608.
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For this study, 34 water samples were collected along the Wei River and its tributaries. Multivariate statistical analyses were employed to interpret the environmental data and to identify the natural and anthropogenic trace metal inputs to the surface waters of the river. Our results revealed that Zn, Se, B, Ba, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and V were all detected in the Wei River. Compared to drinking water guidelines, the primary trace metal pollution components (B, Ni, Zn and Mn) exceeded drinking water standard levels by 47.1, 50.0, 44.1 and 26.5%, respectively. Inter-element relationships and landscape features of trace metals conducted by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identified a uniform source of trace metals for all sampling sites, excluding one site that exhibited anomalous concentrations. Based on the patterns of relative loadings of individual metals calculated by principal component analysis (PCA), the primary trace metal sources were associated with natural/geogenic contributions, agro-chemical processes and discharge from local industrial sources. These results demonstrated the impact of human activities on metal concentrations in the Wei River.
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Cerón Bretón, Julia Griselda, Rosa María Cerón Bretón, Alberto Antonio Espinosa Guzman, Claudio Guarnaccia, Stephanie Martínez Morales, Reyna del Carmen Lara Severino, Marcela Rangel Marrón, et al. "Trace Metal Content and Health Risk Assessment of PM10 in an Urban Environment of León, Mexico." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100573.
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Trace metal concentrations in PM10 were measured in an urban–industrial site in León, Mexico in three different seasons. PM10 were collected in quartz fiber filters of 47 mm diameter using low volume equipment operating with a controlled flow of 5 L min−1 over 24 h. Mass concentrations were gravimetrically determined and it was found that PM10 samples showed values in excess of the Mexican standard and the established values by WHO during cold dry and warm dry seasons. Morphology of selected particles was studied by SEM-EDS analysis, and the elemental composition was determined. Collected samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry in order to quantify ambient air concentrations of some trace metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mg, and Mn). Median concentrations of trace metals showed the maximum value for iron (3.079 μgm−3) and the minimum value for Cd (0.050 μgm−3) over the entire period. From the meteorological analysis, it was found that sources located SW and ESE of the sampling site contributed to the levels of trace metals in PM10 in the studied site. The health risk assessment found that the population of León is at increased lifetime risk of experiencing cancer because of exposure to these concentrations of PM10 and their trace metal content.
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Redwan, Mostafa, and Engy Elhaddad. "Assessment the Seasonal Variability and Enrichment of Toxic Trace Metals Pollution in Sediments of Damietta Branch, Nile River, Egypt." Water 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123359.
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This work appraises the extent of toxic trace metals and seasonal pollution degree in Damietta branch sediments of the River Nile of Egypt. The toxic trace metals Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analysed in sediments from six sites during the summer and winter seasons. The metal concentrations and organic matter were determined using inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry and loss-on-ignition, respectively. Multivariate statistical methods were used in order to allocate the possible metals sources and their relationships in sediments. The seasonal mean sequence of toxic trace metals was: Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd. The mean Cd, Pb, and Zn values exceeded the sediment quality guidelines and average shale and they represent severe potential toxicity for aquatic organisms. Cu and Co were enriched during winter. The geo-accumulation index stipulated that metal pollution degree in the sequence of: Pb > Zn > Cd > Co > Cu > Mn > Ni > Fe. The highest metal pollution index reported in winter in sites S4/S5 and during summer in sites S4–S6. Different agricultural, wastewater discharge, fisheries, and industrial activities, as well as the effect of dilution/concentration during summer/winter seasons, are the main factors that contributed to metal accumulations in Damietta branch sediments. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of toxic trace metal concentrations of the Damietta sediments and similar localities worldwide can help to protect the ecosystem from harmful metal contaminations.
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Quigley, Michael N., and Fredrick Vernon. "Determination of Trace Metal Ion Concentrations in Seawater." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 7 (July 1996): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073p671.
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Okoye, Chukwuma O. B. "Trace metal concentrations in Nigerian fruits and vegetables." International Journal of Environmental Studies 58, no. 4 (June 2001): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230108711346.
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Koul, Vir K., D. P. Zutshi, and K. P. Dubey. "Trace metal concentrations in some Kashmir Himalayan Lakes." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 39, no. 3-4 (June 1988): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00279471.
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Marr, Kimberly, Helen Fyles, and William Hendershot. "Trace metals in Montreal urban soils and the leaves of Taraxacum officinale." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-014.
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Uptake of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd by Taraxacum officinale Weber (dandelion) growing on abandoned industrial sites, community gardens and parks in urban Montreal was measured to evaluate trace metal bioavailability. Total soil trace metal concentrations exceeded the Canadian remediation levels only in the industrial sites, but tissue concentrations at all land use types were normal. Multiple regression analysis suggests that available PO4 may reduce uptake of Cu and Zn. It is evident that sites classified as contaminated on the basis of total soil metal may have low levels of bioavailability. Key words: Trace metals, urban contaminated soils, dandelion
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Olowoyo, J. O., L. L. Mugivhisa, and Z. G. Magoloi. "Composition of Trace Metals in Dust Samples Collected from Selected High Schools in Pretoria, South Africa." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5829657.
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Potential health risks associated with trace metal pollution have necessitated the importance of monitoring their levels in the environment. The present study investigated the concentrations and compositions of trace metals in dust samples collected from classrooms and playing ground from the selected high schools In Pretoria. Schools were selected from Pretoria based on factors such as proximity to high traffic ways, industrial areas, and residential areas. Thirty-two dust samples were collected from inside and outside the classrooms, where learners often stay during recess period. The dust samples were analysed for trace metal concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The composition of the elements showed that the concentrations of Zn were more than all other elements except from one of the schools. There were significant differences in the concentrations of trace metals from the schools (p<0.05). Regular cleaning, proximity to busy road, and well maintained gardens seem to have positive effects on the concentrations of trace metals recorded from the classrooms dust. The result further revealed a positive correlation for elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Sb, indicating that the dust might have a common source.
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Bird, David J., Sabine Duquesne, Steeg D. Hoeksema, William J. Langston, and Ian C. Potter. "Complexity of spatial and temporal trends in metal concentrations in macroinvertebrate biomonitor species in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410001918.
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Cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc concentrations in the bivalve molluscMacoma balthicaand the polychaete annelidsHediste diversicolorandArenicola marinawere measured, during winter and summer, at sites throughout the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. The mean concentration of each metal inA. marinawas greater in the lower Severn Estuary than in the far less contaminated outer Bristol Channel and the concentration of a given metal,e.g.Cr, in a species occasionally peaked at a site, reflecting local metal contamination. The concentrations of each metal in each of these biomonitor species almost invariably differed significantly among sites and often seasons and there were sometimes interactions between site and season. This indicates that the various factors that determine the concentration of a metal in a species operate in a complex manner and that their individual effects can vary among sites and/or seasons. The rank order of each metal concentration in each species at a site within the estuary frequently did not match the sequence for the concentration of that metal measured in the sediment at that site at the same time. This lack of correspondence is likely to be due, at least in part, to one or both of the following: (1) variations in the bioavailability of certain metals among sites due to differences in such features as the metal-binding properties of the sediments; (2) the effects of the constant transport and redistribution of the sediments and thus also of their associated trace metals by the very strong tidal action that characterizes the Severn Estuary. This would mean that single time measurements do not accurately reflect the overall trace metal environment to which the biomonitor organism had been exposed in the weeks/months prior to sampling. Marked differences in the concentrations of certain metals,e.g.Cu and Zn, in co-occurring biomarker species could frequently be related to differences between the ability of these species to regulate certain metals. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination and associated tests emphasize that the relationships between the concentrations of the various metals differed markedly among species and between sites and seasons in individual species and elucidated which metals contributed most to those differences. If the proposed scheme for harnessing tidal power in the Severn Estuary proceeds, the data in this paper provide a baseline for assessing the impact of such major changes on the bioavailability of trace metals in this estuary. This information will also be invaluable for predicting the changes likely to occur in other estuaries that become subjected to major structural changes.
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Millo, Christian, Carlo Bravo, Stefano Covelli, Elena Pavoni, Elisa Petranich, Marco Contin, Maria De Nobili, et al. "Metal Binding and Sources of Humic Substances in Recent Sediments from the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (South-Eastern Brazil)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 8466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188466.
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The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine–lagoon complex (São Paulo state, Brazil) is a natural laboratory to study metal binding by humic substances (HS) in subtropical settings. This transitional environment is evolving into a freshwater environment due to water input from the Ribeira River, funneled through the Valo Grande Canal (Iguape). Past mining activities in the Ribeira River basin and maritime traffic are suspected to be potential sources of trace metals in the system. In this study, the trace metal contents of Free Humic Acids (FHA), Bound Humic Acids (BHA), and Fulvic Acids (FA) extracted from sedimentary organic matter were investigated. Moreover, the sources of HS were traced using their stable carbon isotope compositions and C/N ratios. The results suggested a mixed marine–terrestrial source of FHA, BHA, and FA. Copper and Cr were the most abundant trace metals bound to HS. On average, Cu showed concentrations of 176, 115, and 37.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively, whereas Cr showed average concentrations of 47.4, 86.3, and 43.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively. Marine FHA showed the highest binding capacity for trace metals, whereas terrestrial FA derived from the decay of mangrove organic matter showed the lowest binding capacity.
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Gabriel, Fabrício Â., Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Lorena Soares, Ana Carolina A. Mazzuco, Rafael Christian Chavez Rocha, Tatiana D. Saint Pierre, Enrico Saggioro, Fabio Verissimo Correia, Tiago O. Ferreira, and Angelo F. Bernardino. "Contamination and oxidative stress biomarkers in estuarine fish following a mine tailing disaster." PeerJ 8 (October 28, 2020): e10266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10266.
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Background The Rio Doce estuary, in Brazil, was impacted by the deposition of iron mine tailings, caused by the collapse of a dam in 2015. Based on published baseline datasets, the estuary has been experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects since 2017, with potential bioaccumulation in fishes and human health risks. As metal and metalloid concentrations in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, we hypothesized that the trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would lead to bioaccumulation in demersal fishes and result in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins. Methods We measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn concentrations in sediment samples in August 2017 and compared to published baseline levels. Also, trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn) and protein (metallothionein and reduced glutathione) concentrations were quantified in the liver and muscle tissues of five fish species (Cathorops spixii, Genidens genidens, Eugerres brasilianus, Diapterus rhombeus and Mugil sp.) from the estuary, commonly used as food sources by local populations. Results Our results revealed high trace metal concentrations in estuarine sediments, when compared to published baseline values for the same estuary. The demersal fish species C. spixii and G. genidens had the highest concentrations of As, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Se in both, hepatic and muscle, tissues. Trace metal bioaccumulation in fish was correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both, liver and muscle, tissues, suggesting active physiological responses to contamination sources. The trace metal concentrations determined in fish tissues were also present in the estuarine sediments at the time of this study. Some elements had concentrations above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in fish muscles (e.g., As, Cr, Mn, Se and Zn), suggesting potential human health risks that require further studies. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of toxic elements between sediments and the bottom-dwelling biota in estuarine ecosystems.
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Sims, Douglas B., Christopher J. Collumb, Amanda C. Hudson, and Douglas J. Walton. "Uptake of Trace Elements in Leaves of the Larrea Tridentata (DC.) Coville in Desert Washes of an Arid Environment." Environments 6, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6060058.
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Trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ba, Fe, Al, Mn and Ba) were uptaken by the leaves of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville) in Nelson, Nevada, although at low concentrations. Samples were collected up-gradient of the mine tailings, the tailings, and down gradient from the source to measure spatial distribution. Data show that trace elements (As, Ba, Cr, Hg, Se) enter L. tridentata through root tissues, migrating to leaf tissue, but at significantly lower levels than that of the source sediments. Metalloid (As and Se) concentrations in the leaf tissues ranged from non-detect to greater than 44 mg kg−1 As and non-detect to over 34 mg kg−1 Se. For trace metals, Hg ranged from non-detect to 0.14 mg kg−1; Ba from 1.74 to 4.12 mg kg−1; and Cr from non-detect to 6.18 mg kg−1 while Ag, Cd, and Pb were not detected in the plant leaves. When comparing the ratio of sediment metal concentration to plant metal concentrations, the Techatticup Wash contained the highest levels of trace elements in the leaves of the L. tridentata, followed by the Carnation Wash, with the Eagle Wash containing the lowest concentrations of trace elements.
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Herrera, Jorge, Susana Rodriguez, and Armando P. Baez. "Chemical Composition and Sources of PM10 Particulate Matter Collected in San José, Costa Rica." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2009): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010124.
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Measurements of trace metals and inorganic ions were carried out on PM10 aerosols sampled at two sites in the city of San Jose, Costa Rica. Samples were collected with a Thermo Andersen high volume PM sampler on glass fiber and quartz filters. The ions SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, F-, PO43-, NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were analyzed by ion chromatography and the trace metals V, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe and Al were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite furnace attachment. The results indicated that SO42-was the most abundant ion, and Al the trace metal with the highest concentration. Pearson's correlation applied to all data showed a high correlation among SO42-, NO3- and NH4+, indicating a common anthropogenic origin. In addition, the correlation found between Na+ -K+ and Ca2+ -Mg2+ indicated a crustal origin. No correlation was found among the trace metals except Cu-Cr and Fe-Cr. The influence of wind direction on trace metal concentrations is also discussed.
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Daub, J., J. Förster, R. Herrmann, A. Robien, and T. Striebel. "CHEMODYNAMICS OF TRACE POLLUTANTS DURING SNOWMELT ON ROOF AND STREET SURFACES." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0008.
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In order to investigate the concentration levels and chemodynamic behaviour of organic micropollutants and heavy metals in snowmelt runoff from urban sealed surfaces, meltwater was sampled from one street :and four different roof catchments. Apart from peak concentrations of suspended solids during short intense street runoff from rain, concentrations of suspended solids in snowmelt runoff are two to fivefold higher than in rain runoff. However, the specific metal concentrations in suspended solids of snowmelt (except Zn) are lower than in suspended solids of rainwater runoff. This partly compensates the higher concentration of suspended solids. There are no distinct differences in concentrations of heavy metals between rain and meltwater runoff willi the exception of dissolved Cd; its concentrations are increased when high concentrations of macro ions are present. We explain high concentrations of PAH with a molecular weight of 202 or less in snowmelt with longer equilibration times available during melting than during rain runoff. An enhancement of solubility by DOC seems to be likely. The physical and chemical properties of various roof surfaces greatly influence the temporal variation of PAH concentrations during snowmelt runoff.
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Wu, Zan Min, and Fang Dong. "Trace Metal Enhanced Dyeingwastewater Decolorizing by Corynebacterium Variabile." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1084.
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Biodegradation of azo dyes usually started in anaerobic conditions with a reductive cleavage of the azo bond. Some reductive processes take place also in presence of molecular oxygen, a one-step azo dye degrading process had been investigated. A microbial consortium able to degrade Acid red B in aerobic and microaerophilic conditions had been selected. The optimal decolorization rate of Acid red B had been completely degraded under the condition of shaking for 14h and resting for 22h. Different concentrations of trace metal had been studied to determine the best condition for biodegradation after 36h inoculation. With the optimal concentration of ten trace metals, the Acid red B decolorizing efficiency was increased by Corynebacterium variabile.
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Omwoma, Solomon. "Trace Metal Detection in Aqueous Reservoirs Using Stilbene Intercalated Layered Rare-Earth Hydroxide Tablets." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9712872.
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Contamination of aquatic reservoirs with metal ions is a slow gradual process that is not easy to detect. Consequences of the metal ions, especially the ones with high atomic numbers (heavy metals) at high concentrations, are severe and irreversible in aquatic reservoirs. As such, early detection mechanisms, especially at trace concentration, are essential for mitigation measures. In this work, a new, robust, and effective tool for trace metal detection and monitoring in aqueous solutions has been developed. Tablets (1 mm thick and similar to medicinal tablets) were manufactured from a powder comprising stilbene intercalated into gallery spaces of lanthanide-containing layered double hydroxides. The tablets were placed in a water column having different concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions, and the water was allowed to flow for 45 minutes at a flow rate of 100 ml/s. Thereafter, the tablets were dried and made to powder, and their phosphorescence was measured. The gradual stilbene phosphorescence turnoff in the tablets from various concentrations of metal ions was correlated with sorption amounts. The tablets were able to detect effectively metal ions (up to Pb2+ 1.0 mmol/L and Cu2+ 5.0 mmol/L) in the aqueous media. As such, the concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions at trace levels were determined in the test solutions. This method provides a real-time metal ion analysis and does not involve sampling of water samples for analysis in the laboratory.
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Poirier, Laurence, Brigitte Berthet, Jean-Claude Amiard, Anne-Yvonne Jeantet, and Claude Amiard-Triquet. "A suitable model for the biomonitoring of trace metal bioavailabilities in estuarine sediments: the annelid polychaete Nereis diversicolor." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406012872.
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The need to use biomonitors representative of the sedimentary compartment has been recognized, particularly in estuaries. Thus, trace metal contamination has been monitored in an infaunal polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor and sediments in the Seine estuary and comparatively in the relatively clean Authie estuary (French coast of the English Channel) over two years taking samples every three months at both sites. No correlations were shown between total metal (Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations in raw sediments and ragworms. Because these worms are known to be good biomonitors of the bioavailabilities of sedimentary trace metals, it follows that total sediment metal concentrations have a poor predictive ecotoxicological value. Using a correction factor to minimize the influence of weight, it is possible to make a good estimation of the average metal concentrations in a population of worms at a given site, sampling only a limited number of specimens. Metallothioneins are often considered to be good biomarkers of the presence of significant availabilities of trace metals. Metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) are present in N. diversicolor, but there is no significant relationship between MTLPs and metal concentrations. This situation might result from the importance of metal-containing granules, both extra- and intracellular, in ragworms.
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Hohl, Simon V., Shao-Yong Jiang, Sebastian Viehmann, Wei Wei, Qian Liu, Hai-Zhen Wei, and Stephen J. G. Galer. "Trace Metal and Cd Isotope Systematics of the Basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China) Indicate Restrained (Bio)Geochemical Metal Cycling in Cryogenian Seawater." Geosciences 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010036.
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The behaviour of bioavailable trace metals and their stable isotopes in the modern oceans is controlled by uptake into phototrophic organisms and adsorption on and incorporation into marine authigenic minerals. Among other bioessential metals, Cd and its stable isotopes have recently been used in carbonate lithologies as novel tracer for changes in the paleo primary productivity and (bio)geochemical cycling. However, many marine sediments that were deposited during geologically highly relevant episodes and which, thus, urgently require study for a better understanding of the paleo environment are rather composed of a mixture of organic matter (OM), and detrital and authigenic minerals. In this study, we present Cd concentrations and their isotopic compositions as well as trace metal concentrations from sequential leachates of OM-rich shales of the Cryogenian basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China). Our study shows variable distribution of conservative and bioavailable trace metals as well as Cd isotope compositions between sequential leachates of carbonate, OM, sulphide, and silicate phases. We show that the Cd isotope compositions obtained from OM leachates can be used to calculate the ambient Cryogenian surface seawater of the restricted Nanhua Basin by applying mass balance calculations. By contrast, early diagenetic Mn carbonates and sulphides incorporated the residual Cd from dissolved organic matter that was in isotopic equilibrium with deep/pore waters of the Nanhua Basin. Our model suggests that the Cd isotopic composition of surface seawater at that time reached values of modern oxygenated surface oceans. However, the deep water Cd isotope composition was substantially heavier than that of modern fully oxygenated oceans and rather resembles deep waters with abundant sulphide precipitation typical for modern oxygen minimum zones. This argues for incomplete recycling of Cd and other bioavailable metals shortly after the Sturtian glaciation in the redox stratified Cryogenian Nanhua Basin. Our study highlights the importance of sequential leaching procedures when dealing with impure authigenic sediments such as OM-rich carbonates, mudstones, or shales to achieve reliable trace metal concentrations and Cd isotope compositions as proxies for (bio)geochemical metal cycling in past aquatic systems.
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Chenhall, BE, GE Batley, I. Yassini, AM Depers, and BG Jones. "Ash distribution and metal contents of Lake Illawarra bottom sediments." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 6 (1994): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940977.
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The distribution of anthropogenically derived ash and metal contents of Lake Illawarra bottom sediments have shown that elevated concentrations of trace metals, particularly Zn, are linked to ash concentrations. The highest concentrations of total metals (up to 10 times the locally defined background) were recorded from Griffins Bay, adjacent to the Port Kembla industrial complex. Other sites investigated exhibited only slight trace metal enrichment in near-surface sediments, typically 1.4 to 2 times the background. Analytical data from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) indicate that the ratio of EDTA-extractable ratio:total metal present in the sediment generally decreases in the order Pb, Zn and Cu. Lake sedimentation rates, calculated on the basis of metal and ash depth profiles, were found to lie in the range 6.9 to 16 mm year-1 and represent the most serious long-term environmental problem in the Illawarra region.
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Ebol, Emalina L., Carlos H. Donoso, Rex Bombet D. Saura, Rolit Joan C. Ferol, Juliet Ruth D. Mozar, Arman N. Bermon, Jerry Manongas, et al. "Heavy Metals Accumulation in Surface Waters, Bottom Sediments and Aquatic Organisms in Lake Mainit, Philippines." International Letters of Natural Sciences 79 (July 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.79.40.
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Lake Mainit is one of the largest lakes recognized as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) in the Philippines with rich fishery resources. However, the lake is at risk from heavy metal contamination due to inputs of industrial, agricultural effluents and small-scale mining activities. The present work evaluated levels of heavy metals namely cadmium, lead, and mercury from key aquatic fauna and sediments from seven strategic sections of the lake in 2018. Muscle samples of all seven fish species assessed were below detections limits (BDL) for tHg and Cd. Trace concentrations of Pb in the muscles were detected in Oreochromis niloticus, Glossogobius giuris, Channa striata and Vivipara angularis but values were within safe ranges. Trace concentrations of Pb in the riverine crab (Sundathelpusa sp) exceeded safe limits. Both Cd and tHg were below detection limits in the three invertebrates assessed. Traces of Pb were detected in S4 (Magtiaco) and S5 (Jaliobong) below standard limits (0.05 ppm) only during the southwest (SW) monsoon but Pb were not detected across all stations during the NE monsoon of 2018. For Cd, however, trace concentrations were detected only during the NE monsoon wherein Cd in S2 (Mayag), S3 (Magpayang), S4 (Magtiaco), S5 (Jaliobong), S6 (Dinarawan) and S7 (Kalinawan) exceeded standard limits for Cd in waters (0.01 ppm). Concentrations of tHg in the water were not detected across the two sampling seasons in all seven tributary stations. In sediments, Pb were all detected during the southwest monsoon with highest Pb concentrations in S6 (Dinarawan) and S7 (Kalinawan) which exceeded safe limits. Trace Cd in sediments were mostly below detectable limits. Concentrations of tHg in sediments exceeded safe limits during the SE monsoon in S4 (Magtiaco) and S7 (Kalinawan) areas. These findings recommended that continuous heavy metal monitoring must be conducted. It is also strongly suggested to evaluate the presence of heavy metals in other aquatic organisms and assess the ecological risk posed by these heavy metals though heavy metal speciation analysis.
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Corso, Massimiliano, and Vanesa S. García de la Torre. "Biomolecular approaches to understanding metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in plants." Metallomics 12, no. 6 (2020): 840–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mt00043d.
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