Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trace elements in water'
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Wong, Wang-wah. "Trace organics pollution in the aquatic environment /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498356.
Full textDi, Bonito Marcello. "Trace elements in soil pore water : a comparison of sampling methods." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10123/.
Full textMorabito, Elisa <1978>. "The role of speciation in trace elements distribution in sea water." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/171.
Full textPan, Jinfen. "Bioavailability of trace metals to marine bivalves mediated by dissolved and colloidal organic carbon /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202004%20PAN.
Full textDenney, Susan, and susan denney@deakin edu au. "Trace metal speciation in the Pieman River catchment, Western Tasmania." Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20071107.111755.
Full textJin, Li. "Determination of trace metals and copper complexation in freshwater systems of the Bonavista Peninsula, Newfoundland by stripping voltammetry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25853.pdf.
Full textJaafar, Maisarah. "Trace elements in natural water : the impact on quality, food preparation and production." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/846339/.
Full textBenneyworth, Laura Mahoney. "Distribution of Trace Elements in Cumberland River Basin Reservoir Sediments." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1113.
Full textBotes, Paul Johannes. "Investigation of mobility of trace elements in river sediments using ICP-OES." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01182005-091457.
Full textWilson, Jonathan. "Sorption of metals from aqueous solution by bone charcoal." Connect to e-thesis, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/756/.
Full textPh.D. thesis submitted to Environmental, Agricultural and Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Glasgow, 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
Hayes, Warwick Jay. "Chemical relationships in waters and sediments of some urban streams, with particular reference to heavy metals and phosphorus." University of Technology, Sydney. Department of Environmental Biology and Horticulture, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/361.
Full textChapin, Thomas P. "Trace metal cycling in the central equatorial Pacific : results from the U.S. JGOFS EqPac survey cruises /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11029.
Full textSOUSA, KEILA C. P. M. de. "Estudo dos fluxos fluviais de isótopos naturais de rádio e bário dissolvido para as enseadas de Ubatuba, Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11706.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Al-rifai, Jawad Hilmi. "Performance of water recycling technologies." Access electronically, 2008. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080918.125513/index.html.
Full textLe, Roux Shirley Theodora Rose. "The application of differential pulse stripping voltammetry in the determination of trace metals in wet precipitation." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/742.
Full textWet deposition of toxic trace metals is the dominant mode of deposition in terrestrial ecosystems and contributes very significantly to their pollution burden. Wet deposited metals are dissolved in rainwater. They reach the vegatation in a form most favourable for uptake. Reliable analysis of toxic trace metals in rainwater is important in order to determine the impact they make on the environment. In this study, trace metals in rainwater and in dry deposition (as a control measure), have been analysed over a period of a year. These metals include cadmium, copper, cobalt, lead, nickel and zinc. The rainwater was filtered, acidified to pH2 and irradiated with UV-light. Dry deposition samples, were digested by heating in nitric acid before analysis. Differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was used to determine cadmium, lead and zinc. Copper was determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping at pH7 after complexation with catechol. Cobalt and nickel were measured at pH9 by adsorptive cathodic stripping after formation of their dimethylglyoximes. Sampling was done on a daily basis from April 1996 to March 1997, on the campus of the Peninsula Technikon. The samples were collected over a 24-hour period. The total average concentration for the metals was 16.11 flg/dm3 for rainwater and 427flg/dm3 for dry deposition. Meteorological factors such as wind speed, humidity and temperature affect the distribution of pollutants and thus the trace metal levels. The levels of the metallic pollutants were thus evaluated against meteorological data. Differential-pulse stripping voltammetry is shown to be applicable for heavy metal analysis of rainwater.
Al, Anqah Laila. "Trace element contaminants in the Kuwait water production system." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5012.
Full textGangloff, Sophie. "Evaluation of the mechanisms of trace elements transport (Pb, Rare Earth Elements,... ) and the elemental and isotopic fractionation (Ca and Sr) at the interface water-soil-plant." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH002/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the study of a profile of soil and soil solutions collected on an experimental plot covered with spruce. All these samples come from the watershed of the Strengbach (environment - OHGE Hydrogeochimique Observatory), were sampled at different depths (5, 10, 30 and 60 cm) and during the period between 2009 and 2013. Characterizations of soil extracts by infrared spectroscopy allowed to highlight changes in the organic functional groups with depth and that these changes have a significant impact on the behaviour of the cations (major and trace) in the soil. Ultrafiltration experiments helped to identify flows of colloidal and dissolved organic carbon as well as those of the major and trace-element present in soil solutions. The joint use of isotope tracers (87Sr / 86Sr and δ44 / 40 Ca) and chemical (Rare Earth Elements) have highlighted processes taking place at the water-soil-plant interface, as the uptake by root or soil alteration
Cuthbert, Iain Dawson. "Predicting the riverine concentrations and catchment exports of metals in rural drainage basins of Ontario and Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60672.
Full textModels such as these can be used both to estimate catchment exports of metals to lakes, and to estimate riverine metal concentrations without requiring chemical analyses. The models also serve to distinguish background levels from those indicating metal contamination, and will, therefore, be useful in design of water quality guidelines.
Wong, Wang-wah, and 黃宏華. "Trace organics pollution in the aquatic environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252758.
Full textMoragues, Quiroga Cristina. "Water mixing processes in the critical zone : evidence from trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-U isotopes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH002.
Full textCatchment hydrological functions of water collection, storage and release have geochemical signatures in stream water largely mirroring those found in critical zone compartments. These signatures are strongly controlled by the different bio-geo-physico-chemical processes that occur within the regolith-plant interface. Until now, investigations into the critical zone’s regolith and hydrological processes research have largely remained uncoupled –leading to a widespread use of non-conservative tracers with multiple origins and thereby stymieing our capability for identifying water pools and flow paths. Here we study the mixing of water in the subsurface through a unique portfolio of complementary groups of tracers (trace elements O-Hand Sr-Nd-Pb-U isotopes) which enables investigating regolith evolution processes and solutes transport within the critical zone. We report the interest of this approach to strengthen water flowpaths and end-members characterization
Riostantieka, Mayandari Shoedarto. "Water and rock geochemical characterization to clarify fluid circulation process in transitional geothermal reservoir with a case study of the Wayang Windu field, West Java, Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253261.
Full textBradshaw, Gerard Francis. "The distribution, sea water solubility and solid state speciation of some trace elements from the North Sea atmosphere." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333683.
Full textDuernberger, Kimberley. "Tracing nitrogen through the food chain in an urbanized tidal creek." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/r3/duernbergerk/kimberleyduernberger.pdf.
Full textTaylor, Anne Marie, and n/a. "Biomarkers of Cadmium, Lead and Selenium Toxicity in the Marine Bivalve Molluscs Tellina deltoidalis and Anadara trapezia: Linking Exposure, Dose and Response." University of Canberra. Environmental Science, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20091214.104734.
Full textWijeyaratne, Dimuthu Nilmini. "Multi-Element Fingerprinting of River Sediments to Identify Diffuse Pollution Sources." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28842.
Full textNorth Dakota State University. College of Science and Mathematics
North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences. Environmental Conservation Sciences Program
North Dakota Department of Health
ND INBRE
North Dakota Water Resources Research Institute
North Dakota State Water Commission
Nobre, Maria Elisangela da Silva. "HidroquÃmica do aquifero aluvionar do baixo Jaguaribe ItaiÃaba-CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12830.
Full textNo interior do Estado do CearÃ, as Ãguas subterrÃneas sÃo consideradas fontes preciosas de abastecimento hÃdrico e, as principais fontes de exploraÃÃo hÃdrica sÃo as Ãreas sedimentares e aluvionares. A pesquisa foi realizada no municÃpio de ItaiÃaba, inserido na Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Baixo Jaguaribe, onde a populaÃÃo, embora, provida de recursos da CAGECE, utiliza da captaÃÃo de Ãgua subterrÃnea para seu abastecimento hÃdrico, principalmente, na subsistÃncia da agricultura e pecuÃria. A regiÃo apresenta extensas Ãreas de carcinicultura, o que pode acarretar problemas ao meio ambiente, como a eutrofizaÃÃo, alteraÃÃo estrutural de comunidades biolÃgicas e contaminaÃÃo por metais pesados. Os objetivos principais desta pesquisa foram obter anÃlises: bacteriolÃgica, dos elementos maiores e menores, os primeiros dados sobre metais traÃos (Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Mn e Pb) do municÃpio, isÃtopos de O18, balanÃo hÃdrico e vulnerabilidade. A metodologia consistiu na coletada de 21 amostras em trÃs campanhas, abrangendo perÃodos de estiagem e chuva, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As tÃcnicas empregadas corresponderam a mÃtodos potenciomÃtricos, espectrofotomÃtricos, titulomÃtricos, espectrometria de absorÃÃo atÃmica e de contagem em placa, basicamente, referenciadas pelo Standard Methods e, classificadas segundo os padrÃes da ResoluÃÃo no357/05 do CONAMA e da Portaria no 2914/11, do MinistÃrio da SaÃde. Segundo interpretaÃÃo analÃtica, detectaram-se bactÃrias coliformes na segunda e terceira campanhas; O pH das amostras estiveram entre 6,1 â 8,5, exceto para o poÃo 9 (pH=3,9), cuja acidez contribuiu para altos Ãndices do alumÃnio neste ponto; a condutividade variou entre 307 e 5940 ÂS/cm; as Ãguas se classificaram como Cloretadas SÃdicas; estÃo acima do padrÃo de potabilidade os seguintes teores: cloreto, em 33% das amostras; STD, < 62%; turbidez, 70%; nitrato, mÃdia de 33%; e, o ferro, em 19%. Encontrou-se a presenÃa de alumÃnio, bÃrio, chumbo, manganÃs e nÃquel, nas amostras. Segundo O18, no rio hà influÃncia marcante da evaporaÃÃo, inclusive de tanques de carcinicultura e, que alguns poÃos captam Ãgua de aquÃfero profundo e, outros da mistura entre aquÃfero, rio e chuvas, nÃo acompanhando a variaÃÃo sazonal. O balanÃo hÃdrico mostrou-se positivo para meses de alta pluviometria, mantendo-se o dÃficit hÃdrico para os outros meses do ano; Classificou-se o aquÃfero como de mÃdia a alta vulnerabilidade à contaminaÃÃo, pela metodologia GOD; Concluiu-se que a maioria dos poÃos continua apresentando resquÃcios de intervenÃÃo antrÃpica, inclusive da carcinicultura, sendo imprÃpria a sua potabilidade pelo risco de trazer prejuÃzos ao organismo.
In upstate of CearÃ, groundwater is considered precious sources of water supply, and the main sources of water exploration in sedimentary and alluvial areas. The research was conducted in the village of ItaiÃaba, inserted in the Baixo Jaguaribe Hydrographic Basin, where the population, though, resourced CAGECE uses the abstraction of groundwater for its water supply, mainly in subsistence agriculture and livestock. The region has extensive areas of shrimp farming, which can cause problems to the environment, such as eutrophication, structural changes in biological communities and heavy metal contamination. The main objectives of this research were to provide analyzes: bacteriological, major and minor elements, the first data on trace metals (Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Mn and Pb) in the municipality, the O18 isotopes, fluid balance and vulnerability. The methodology consisted of 21 samples collected in three campaigns, including periods of drought and rain, between the years 2012 and 2013. The techniques used correspond to potentiometric methods, spectrophotometric, titrimetric, atomic absorption spectrometry and plate count basically referenced by Standard Methods and classified according to the standards n 357/05 CONAMA Resolution and Ordinance n 2914/11, the Ministry of Health. According to analytical interpretation, coliform bacteria were detected in the second and third sampling; The pH of the samples were between 6.1 to 8.5, except for P9 (pH = 3.9), whose acidity contributed to high levels of aluminum at this point; conductivity ranged between 307 and 5940 ÂS/cm; the waters are classified as Sodic Chlorinated; are above the standard of potability the following contents: chloride in 33% of samples; STD, <62%; turbidity, 70%; nitrate, an average of 33%; and iron, 19%. It was found the presence of aluminum, barium, lead, manganese and nickel in samples. According to O18 in the river there is a marked influence of evaporation, including the shrimp farming tanks and some wells capture water of deep aquifer, and others mix between aquifer, river and rain did not follow the seasonal variation. The water balance was positive for months of high rainfall, keeping the water deficit for the other months of the year; Aquifer was classified as medium to high vulnerability to contamination, by the methodology GOD; It was concluded that most of the wells continues to showing traces of human intervention, including the shrimp farming, being inappropriate for its potability risk of harm the organism.
Johansson, Linn. "Trace Element Levels in Scalp Hair from Adolescents in Río Negro, Argentina : Link to Environmental and Dietary Factors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16048.
Full textSiaka, I. Made, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "The application of atomic absorption spectroscopy to the determination of selected trace elements in sediments of the Coxs River Catchment." THESIS_FST_XXX_Siaka_I.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/238.
Full textMaster of Science (Hons)
Whitmore, Keridwen McLeyne. "Selenium Dynamics in Headwater Streams of the Central Appalachian Coalfields: An Investigation of Enrichment and Bioaccumulation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74955.
Full textMaster of Science
Vesk, Peter A. (Peter Anton). "Trace Metal Accumulation by Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, from Kensington Pond, Centennial Park, Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27621.
Full textMarozas, Dianne Catherine. "The effects of mineral reactions on trace metal characteristics of groundwater in desert basins of southern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191127.
Full textRamjuttun, Ravindlall. "The chemical speciation of chromium in seawater by Cathodic stripping voltammetry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0018/NQ47509.pdf.
Full textBRITO, CARLOS F. de. "Avaliação dos efeitos da construção do rodoanel na qualidade da água e sedimento da Represa do Parque Pedroso, Santo André, SP. Estudo geoquímico de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) metais e elementos traço com vistas ao abastecimento público." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11806.
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Cianciolo, Thomas Raymond. "Temporal and longitudinal extent of surface coal mining influences on water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in central Appalachian headwater streams." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90282.
Full textMaster of Science
Surface coal mining affects water quality in central Appalachian headwater streams. However, long-term and downstream patterns of impacted water quality and potential effects on aquatic life have not been well-studied. To address this research need, I analyzed trends in water quality parameters and aquatic insect communities in 24 headwater streams from 2011-2019. There was limited evidence of recovery of water chemistry or aquatic life in these streams, indicating lasting impacts from surface coal mining. Certain aquatic insects including Ephemeroptera (mayflies) appear to be more impacted than others by long-term altered water quality. In addition to trends over time, I also analyzed downstream variation in water chemistry in a subset of these streams under baseflow conditions and after a rain event. Results indicate that water chemistry can vary greatly within a stream network and is influenced by tributary inputs and dilution from groundwater. Concentrations of the trace element selenium can also be elevated as a result of surface mining. This is of environmental concern because selenium can biomagnify, where concentrations increase in organisms higher in the food chain and can cause toxic effects. Here, I investigated selenium bioaccumulation patterns across organisms in the food chain and with distance downstream across six headwater streams. I found that aquatic insects had the highest concentrations of selenium, with lower concentrations in salamanders and fish. This work indicates that surface coal mining has longterm (ca. decades) effects on headwater streams, but also points to future research to better understand downstream impacts to water quality and aquatic life.
Peplow, Dan. "The influence of mine waste contamination on invertebrates and fish in the Methow River Valley, Okanogan County, Washington (U.S.A.) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5519.
Full textShumskykh, Mykyta. "Release of trace elements from contaminated sediments into surface waters during sediments dynamics : an experimental study." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4008.
Full textIn aquatic systems, most of trace metals (TM) are buried in sediments and then can be released according to chemical conditions and microbial activity occurring at the sediment-water interface. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of resuspension events (flood or maintenance operations for dam reservoir) on the mobility of some TM. Different batch experiment conditions were chosen to mimic those events: under oxic and anoxic conditions on raw sediments and on gamma-irradiated ones (“sterilized” one). The use of deionized water allowed maximizing the release process. Two sediment types issued from different contexts were selected: the Villerest dam reservoir (France) and the Xiang River (China). Long term experiments (30-day long) allowed identifying that organic matter degradation, microbial activity and alteration/dissolution of trace metal bearing phases were the main controlling factors. The gamma-irradiation did not sterilize sediments but only limited aerobic bacteria and enhanced anaerobic activity. The impact of such 24h resuspension event on reservoir waters and downstream biota is very limited as less than 1% of trace elements was released
PAVONI, ELENA. "TRACE ELEMENTS IN ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS: MIXING, PARTITIONING AND FATE IN THE MAIN ITALIAN AND SLOVENIAN RIVER MOUTHS (GULF OF TRIESTE, NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963759.
Full textEstuaries are complex aquatic systems at the land-sea interface where the interaction between different water masses leads to strong physico-chemical gradients. Before reaching the coastal zone, the river-transported material must pass through the estuarine environment. In this context, estuaries act as a filter for the freshwater inputs of both dissolved and particulate components. The original river-transported original signals can then emerge from the mixing zone in a form which has been notably modified with respect to that which entered the estuarine system. Trace element distribution, mobility and fate heavily depends on the physical, geochemical and biological processes occurring in the estuarine mixing zone, which also affect the equilibria between solid and dissolved phases. The study of trace element phase partitioning is essential to gain a thorough knowledge of their natural cycles, although significant alterations may be due to the high anthropogenic pressure that often affects estuarine environments. This research includes two main topics. The first concerns trace element (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) phase partitioning in the main estuarine environments of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). In detail, estuarine water samples were collected at the Isonzo/Soča, Timavo/Reka, Rižana and Dragonja River mouths under different seasonal conditions and size fractionation allowed for the isolation of three fractions: suspended particulate matter, colloidal material and the truly dissolved fraction. Further information regarding the investigated estuarine systems was provided by dissolved and colloidal organic carbon, total nitrogen and nutrients including nitrate (N-NO3-), nitrite (N-NO2-), ammonium (N-NH4+), soluble reactive silicate (SRSi) and soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP). Suspended particulate matter plays a crucial role as the main vehicle of trace elements from terrestrial sources to marine coastal areas. Generally, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni and Pb are mainly partitioned in the suspended particles and partially bound to the colloidal material. Conversely, As and Cs are preferably associated with the truly dissolved fraction, whereas major differences are observed in the partitioning behaviour of Co, Mn and Zn. Colloidal organic carbon is found to be scarcely present at the river mouths, since the hydrodynamic conditions may weaken the aggregation of very fine particles, thus suggesting that colloids play a minor role. Regarding nutrients, N-NO3- prevails among the forms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen as a result of runoff from soils where agricultural activities take place. In terms of water quality, the DIN:SRP molar ratio indicates that P-limitation prevails at the Isonzo/Soča, Timavo/Reka and Dragonja River mouths. Conversely, the Rižana estuarine system switches from P-limitation, prevailing in autumn and winter, to N-limitation in summer. The second topic of this research is focused on the karstic estuarine system of the Timavo/Reka River where several industrial activities are located. In order to provide a geochemical characterisation, trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were measured in different environmental matrices (water, suspended particles and sediments) as well as dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen and nutrients. Principal component analysis was employed to depict disparities among the different sectors of the estuarine system. In particular in the innermost sector, sediments were found to be enriched in trace elements and potential adverse ecotoxicological effects were identified for Ni and Hg. Moreover, potential anoxic conditions at the sediment-water interface suggest that removal of trace elements via sulphide precipitation could occur although recycling of sinking Fe and Mn-oxy-hydroxides appears to affect dissolved trace element concentrations in the anoxic water layer.
Chen, Heidi Haiqing. "Development of flow injection on-line precipitation-dissolution coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace elements in saline water." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63411.pdf.
Full textSoares, Wálace Anderson Almeida. "Estudo da distribuição de metais em água, sedimento e organismos aquáticos de rios e reservatórios pertencentes à rede de monitoramento da qualidade dos sedimentos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-16012013-144500/.
Full textThe present study analyzed concentration levels and distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb metallic species in water, sediment and aquatic organisms in rivers and reservoirs of a water and sediment quality monitoring network belonging to CETESB. For this purpose two analytical techniques Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF AAS) and Optical Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP OES) were used. Water and sediment toxicity for Vibrio fischeri bacteria and the local benthic community were also evaluated. The multielemental characterization of sediments was undertaken by neutron activation analysis technique (NAA). All the analytical methodologies were evaluated for precision and accuracy, and detection and quantification limits calculated. In water samples metal concentrations were below the CONAMA 357/2005 resolution limits for class 2 water bodies. For sediment samples metal concentration levels that can cause adverse effects on aquatic biota were found in 10 of the 13 collection points studied. Metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni were detected in many invertebrate benthic organisms samples studied, indicating that these elements can be absorbed and bioaccumulated by these organisms when exposed to contaminated sediments. Significant correlations were found for metal concentrations in sediments and organisms. Negative correlations between detected element concentrations and weight of the sampled organisms were significant, so that the lower the weight the higher metal concentrations were measured. Acute toxicity for Vibrio fischeri was not observed for the water samples, but was detected in 8 of the 13 sediment interstitial water samples tested. As for the benthic community evaluation, one of the 13 points was rated as BAD quality, 8 rated as REGULAR and 4 as GOOD, using CETESB´s classification. The results for sediment samples by NAA showed higher enrichment values for As, Br, Cr, Hf, Ta, Th , U e Zn and rare earth elements (REE) Ce, Eu, La, Nd, Sm, Tb and Yb in many of the tested sediment samples indicating that there may be and anthropic contribution for these elements.
Havia, J. (Johanna). "Trace element analysis of humus-rich natural water samples:method development for UV-LED assisted photocatalytic sample preparation and hydride generation ICP-MS analysis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216812.
Full textTiivistelmä Luonnonvesinäytteet voivat sisältää suuria määriä liuennutta hiiltä (DOC), jolloin pienten alkuainepitoisuuksien määrittäminen voi olla haasteellista esimerkiksi hydridinmuodostusmenetelmillä ja sähkökemiallisilla menetelmillä. Luotettavien tulosten saavuttamiseksi näytteet täytyy esikäsitellä analyyttien vapauttamiseksi humushappokomplekseista ennen määrityksiä. Tässä tutkimuksessa kehitettiin menetelmiä humuspitoisille luonnonvesinäytteille sekä esikäsittelyvaiheeseen että analyysivaiheeseen. Arseeni on myrkyllinen alkuaine, jonka määrittäminen pienissä pitoisuuksissa on ympäristön seurannan kannalta tärkeää. Humusyhdisteisiin kompleksoitunut arseeni ei muodosta kvantitatiivisesti hydridejä borohydridipelkistyksellä. Tässä tutkimuksessa luonnonvesinäytteet hajotettiin mikroaaltoavusteisella hajotusmenetelmällä ennen arseenin mittaamista hydridinmuodostus-induktiiviplasmamassaspektrometrialla (HG-ICP-MS). Tämän lisäksi tutkittiin mittaustarkkuuden parantamista sisäisellä standardoinnilla mitattaessa arseenia HG-ICP-MS-menetelmällä. Tutkimuksessa kehitettiin myös uudenlainen näytteenkäsittelylaitteisto, jossa käytettiin säteilylähteenä ultraviolettivaloa emittoivaa diodia (UV-LED) ja katalyyttinä nanotitaanidioksidia. Uusi ympäristöystävällinen menetelmä kuluttaa vähemmän haitallisia reagensseja ja vähemmän energiaa kuin perinteiset menetelmät. Kehitetyn menetelmän hajotustehokkuutta tutkittiin pH:n, säteilytysajan ja vetyperoksidikonsentraation funktiona. Lisäksi raskasmetallien ja hydridiä muodostavien alkuaineiden saantoja tutkittiin lisäyskokeilla. UV-LED-teknologia kehittyy nopeasti ja uusia valokatalyysimateriaaleja tutkitaan jatkuvasti. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin synteesimuuttujien vaikutusta sinkkioksidinanojauheiden ominaisuuksiin
van, Schaik Joris W. J. "Binding of metals to macromolecular organic acids in natural waters : does organic matter? /." Uppsala : Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200872.pdf.
Full textPoulier, Gaelle. "Etude de l’échantillonnage intégratif passif pour l’évaluation réglementaire de la qualité des milieux aquatiques : application à la contamination en pesticides et en éléments trace métalliques des bassins versants du Trec et de l’Auvézère." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0032/document.
Full textThe intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and urban activities since the 1950s has led to diffuse contamination of environmental compartments (air, soil, water). The presence of these molecules can lead to toxic effects for biota. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the use of an efficient monitoring network, based on reliable sampling and analytical techniques. Nowadays, grab sampling followed by extraction of analytes and chromatographic analysis is the most widespread strategy because of its simplicity of implementation but it also has numerous drawbacks. The crux of the issue lies in the lack of temporal representativeness and the low analytical sensibility. An alternative strategy to overcome some of these problems could be the use of passive samplers. This contribution aims at discuss about the possible application of passive samplers in regulatory monitoring programs. The originality of this work lies in :The variety of tested devices: three different samplers was studied (The Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), the Chemcatcher and the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT). Conventional grab sampling strategies were also evaluated.The variety of studied environments: two very different watersheds were selected. The first one presented a high level of contamination; the second had a low contamination in pesticides.The implementation of passive samplers in a real regulatory context, as the selected streams were monitored by the Water Agency for operational control. Data from the Water Agency could therefore be compared with passive sampler data
Siaka, I. Made. "The application of atomic absorption spectroscopy to the determination of selected trace elements in sediments of the Coxs River Catchment." Thesis, View thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/238.
Full textBrough, Kate Elizabeth. "Studies of Brisbane municipal water quality using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79902/1/Kate_Brough_Thesis.pdf.
Full textMunsel, Dirk [Verfasser], and T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann. "Utilisation of trace element contents in benthic foraminifera for reconstructing sea water composition / Dirk Munsel. Betreuer: T. Neumann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047383527/34.
Full textBalestri, Máira Renata Dias. "Avaliação da contaminação de Poecilia reticulata e Hypostomus ancistroides por elementos-traço na Bacia do Ribeirão Cafezal (Município de Rolândia - PR)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1902.
Full textSome trace elements are considered essential for the development and maintenance of living organisms. However, if those trace elements are ingested in higher concentrations than recommended can be toxic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of contamination for two abundant species of fish from Ribeirão Cafezal (Poecilia reticulata and Hypostomus ancistroides) with Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb elements. The fish collection was performed at three points along the upper stretch of the basin of Ribeirão Cafezal using electric and manual fishing methods, with sampling effort of 40 minutes for each method. In order to detect the trace elements in the collected material, the samples were properly prepared to the Inductively Coupled Plasma by Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentrations presented by the species Poecilia reticulata in the two first points of the stream were: Zn (107.63; 91.89 mg / kg), Cd (0.12, 0.42 mg / kg), Cr (2.17; 4.96 mg / kg) and Pb (0.71, 0.44 mg / kg), sampled in 1 and 2 respectively. And individuals of Hypostomus ancistroides species sampled in points 2 and 3 had the following values: Zn (93.11; 76.97 mg / kg), Cd (2.22, 0.10 mg / kg), Cr (16.05; 2.23 mg / kg) and Pb (2.83; nd mg / kg). All values are higher than the limits allowed by ANVISA. There were no significant differences in the metals concentrations among the sampling points assessed. In consideration for Ribeirão Cafezal being a stream where people use water for recreation and feed on the existing fish, we need to continue monitoring it, as well as performing systematic analysis with different species of fish, sediment and water.
Lord, Gillian M. "Arsenic and other trace elements in natural waters from Argentina and New Zealand: relationship between environmental exposure and human health." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658999.
Full textPregnolato, Leonardo Antonio. "Influência de efluentes petroquímicos nos sedimentos e carapaças de foraminíferos no Polo Atalaia, SE (Brasil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100136/tde-10022018-140505/.
Full textThe objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the environmental quality of sediments around the marine outfall of treated petrochemical effluents from Polo do Atalaia, Sergipe and 2) to provide technical and scientific information in order to improve biomonitoring studies carried out in that region. For these purposes the following analysis were performed: grain size, geochemical (nutrients, metals, metalloids, hydrocarbons), and meiofauna (foraminifera biocoenoses and thanatocoenoses) on replicates of 19 sediment samples collected from around the outfall (experimental area) and from a control area located 5 km north of the outfall. These 57 samples and their respective abiotic data were provided by Petrobras. Most of the studied area is composed of sandy silt sediments. However, in the experimental area there is a predominance of mud, rich in organic carbon and total phosphorus. In the control area, the percentages of very fine sand are higher and high values of total nitrogen occur. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn on the two studied areas are below level 1 of the Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) (National Council for the Environment) and ISQG (Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines), meaning that the sediments are not contaminated by these metallic elements. However, the values of As are between limits 1 and 2 of CONAMA and TEL and PEL (probable effect level) in all stations, indicating that the biota might be affected by this element. One of the samples (from the experimental area) presents values of Cd, Cr and Hg between the limits of ISQG and PEL and another sample (control area) has concentrations of Cr above level 2 and PEL. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), resolved petroleum hydrocarbons (RPH) and unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) are higher in the experimental area and in two samples from the control area. Thanatocoenoses composition is very different from biocoenoses composition, reinforcing the fact that mainly living organisms should be used in environmental impact analysis studies. The sediment used for the analysis of foraminifera oscillated between 20 and 110 cm³ to find around 100 living individuals. Percentage of silt and C/N ratio, B, Ba, Pb, Cu, Cd and Mn values are significant environmental descriptors in the distribution of biocoenoses. From the results obtained it is concluded: 1) The control area used by Petrobrás is not very adequate since there are evidences of anthropogenic impact, 2) Thanatocoenoses is substantially different from biocoenoses, and consequently, data based on living organisms should preferably be used, 3) the 20 cm³ sediment amount, stipulated by IBAMA for the analysis of foraminifera, is too small to detect live individuals in impacted regions. Therefore, it is suggested that a control point without trace of anthropogenic impact should be chosen for future biomonitoring studies in the region, preferably away from the Sergipe river. It is also suggested that the sediment volume for the study of live foraminifera be increased to a minimum of 50 cm³
Maslen, Ercin. "Evaluating the source, age, thermal history and palaeoenvironments of deposition of Australian and Western Canadian petroleum systems: compound specific stable isotopes coupled with inorganic trace elements." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1098.
Full textKrizanich, Gary W. "An investigation of lead and other metal contaminants in the sediments of Clearwater Lake, Missouri." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/krizanich_dis_09007dcc80601ec2.pdf.
Full textVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 31, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-197).