Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trace element chemistry'
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Beere, Hugh Graham. "Study of trace element determination by ion chromatography with chemiluminescence detection." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1874.
Full textEisenhauer, Gary Bernard. "Trace-element chemistry of Quarternary ostracods as a palaeosalinity indicator in marginal marine environments." Thesis, Kingston University, 1999. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20628/.
Full textMuskara, Uftade. "Provenance Studies On Limestone Archaeological Artifacts Using Trace Element Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608429/index.pdf.
Full texta/Emecik excavations are classified as Cypriote type, which was very popular through 6th century B.C. in the Mediterranean region. Since this type of figurines was found at Emecik numerously to determine its provenance was an important problem. Emecik figurines were examined for their some major, trace elements and REE compositions and results were compared with geological samples which were taken from a near by quarry. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) have been used for analysis. The methods have been optimized by using standard reference material NIST 1d, NCS DC 73306, and IGS40.
Dalbeck, Paul C. "Crystallography, stable isotope and trace element analysis of Mytilus edulis shells in the context of ontogeny." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1870/.
Full textSmith, Kurt Thomas. "Evaluation of fin ray and fin spine chemistry as indicators of environmental history for five fish species." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/261.
Full textJohansson, Linn. "Trace Element Levels in Scalp Hair from Adolescents in Río Negro, Argentina : Link to Environmental and Dietary Factors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16048.
Full textEmproto, Christopher Robert. "Column Anion and Trace Element Chemistry of Apatite from Crustal Carbontite Deposits in the Grenville Province: Implications for Crustal Carbontite Genesi." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596134287925232.
Full textBrisbin, Judith Ann. "EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES INCLUDING ELEMENTAL SPECIATION OF LOBSTER USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA - MASS SPECTROMETRY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998412111.
Full textBergbower, Joshua N. "Trace and Rare Earth Element Chemistry of Fluorite from the Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District and its Implications for the Origins of Mineralizing Fluids." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530269153862162.
Full textPalacios-Fest, Manuel Roberto. "Trace element shell chemistry of continental ostracodes and the applicability of experimentally-derived multiple regression models to paleoenvironmental reconstructions in southwestern North America." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186915.
Full textTrapp, John Michael. "Chemistry of Iron and Other Trace Elements in Trade Wind Aerosols and Precipitation." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/323.
Full textBull, Julia Ruth. "Stable isotope, major and trace element chemistry of modern snow from Evans Piedmont Glacier, Antarctica : insights into potential source regions and relationship of glaciochemistry to atmospheric circulation and vigour : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1124.
Full textEriksson, Emma. "Determination of trace elements in thrombocytes by ICP-AES." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398044.
Full textGreaves, Mervyn John. "Trace elements in marine biogenic carbonates : analysis and application to past ocean chemistry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63291/.
Full textGRANT, TYRE D. "ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS THROUGH ELEMENTAL SPECIATION USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085590907.
Full textCao, Qianwen. "Mass Balance of Major, Minor and Trace Elements During AFBC Combustion of Fuels." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/899.
Full textSantamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca. "New strategies to determine the distribution of trace elements in soils and sediments." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2084.
Full textWorrasettapong, Watcharapong. "Ultratrace analysis and speciation studies on trace elements in environmental and biological samples." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269381.
Full textHerselman, J. E. "The concentration of selected trace metals in South African soils /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1390.
Full textMcGuire, Sara Anne. "Noxious Smoke and Silent Killers: Identity, Inequality, Health, and Pollutant Exposure During England’s Industrial Revolution." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594403381913239.
Full textRohman, Joshua. "A Novel Trace Elemental Analysis of Potassium Phosphates." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459243950.
Full textSavic, Dejan. "Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Fly Ash." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/4.
Full textAbou-Shakra, Fadi R. "The determination of lithium and other trace elements in blood serum by ICP-MS." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843012/.
Full textOnal, Gulay. "Determination Of Dry Deposition Fluxes Of Trace Elements In An Urban Atmosphere." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605666/index.pdf.
Full textcity of Ankara using snow as a surrogate surface. Two sampling campaigns were conducted to determine dry deposited amount of 13 species namely
H+, Na, K, Al, Mg, Fe, V, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni. First sampling was performed after a major snow fall in Ankara in January 2001, from 4 points according to a predetermined sampling procedure in order to assess background composition of snow. After 12 days, snow samples were collected from 54 points. All samples are filtered, digested and divided into two aliquots in order to investigate soluble and insoluble fractions separately. Temporal changes of snow showed that snow is a good surrogate surface for dry deposition of metals and provide multifunctional informative data. Pollution maps of the city are drawn using Mapinfo software to investigate spatial pollution distributions. Factor analysis are applied and five main factors for these elements are found, indicating three main sources as traffic, soil and combustion. Enrichment factor calculations showed that Ni, Ca, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd are highly enriched pointing out the anthropogenic sources affecting the city atmosphere drastically.
Leitzke, Felipe Padilha [Verfasser]. "Crystal chemistry, melt composition and redox controls on the behavior of trace elements during lunar magmatism / Felipe Padilha Leitzke." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173789596/34.
Full textWilliamson, Latresa J. "Trace Elemental Analysis of Selenium and Antimony Using Hydride Generation Coupled to Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1288009807.
Full textMartins, Lucelene. "Geração e migração de magmas graníticos na crosta continental: estudos de detalhe em granitos e migmatitos da região de Nazaré Paulista (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-19042007-155618/.
Full textThe conditions of melt generation and migration in the continental crust were investigated through a detailed study of two outcrops of the anatectic Nazaré Paulista granites (Socorro-Guaxupé, Nappe, Atibaia region, SE Brazil), using as main tools the rock and mineral major and trace-element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopy. The Nazaré Paulista granite shows a wide compositional variation, and can be grouped into two main types: a garnet leucogranite and a veined grey garnet-biotite granite, the latter dated at ~625 Ma (monazite U-Pb ID-TIMS). These types occur as subconcordant bodies 10-50 m wide and are present in both outcrops; where observed, the contact relationships show that the garnet leucogranites intruded after the grey granites. Two types of leucosome were recognized in migmatitic paragneisses associated to the Nazaré Paulista granites: (1) garnet-biotite tonalite with low Rb/Sr (0.3 ), slightly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)N = 4-5) with negative Eu anomalies and Sr-Nd isotope signature identical to that of the mesosome; and (2) garnet leucogranite, with Rb/Sr ~0.56, slightly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)N ~ 5) with positive Eu anomalies, eNd(t) identical to that of the mesosome, but lower 87Sr/86Sr(t). Both leucosomes are different from the granites, and were interpreted as the products of water-present melting of the paragneiss, respectively before and after the crystallization of K-feldspar in the protolith. Some relevant geochemical contrasts are observed between the two types of Nazaré Paulista granites: compared to the leucogranites, the gray granites show greater mg# and Zr and more fractionated REE patterns; the Rb/Sr ratios of both are low (0.4-0.7). The Sr-Nd isotope signature has important variations (eNd(t) = -16 to -13 and 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.716-0.728); only two leucogranite samples have signatures that are coincident with the field of the regional paragneisses. Assuming the paragneisses as the only source of the Nazaré Paulista granites would require that melting occurred under disequilibrium and water-present conditions. The trace-element chemistry of garnet was important to identify the differentiation processes that respond for the observed variety of anatectic granites. Part of the gray granites carries a restitic component, represented by ETRP+Y-rich garnet cores that are similar to the garnets from the country-rock paragneisses. The garnet leucogranite veins that cut the gray granite were probably formed by \"partial remelting\" of the original mush during rapid ascent, their idiomorphic garnet crystals have a distinctive composition (low HREE in the cores, increasing slightly to the rims), interpreted as magmatic. Some of the leucogranites forming isolated bodies may have been generated by fractionation from the gray granite, as indicated by field relations and rock geochemistry. On the other hand, the leucogranite with high 87Sr/86Sr(t) has ETRP+Y-rich garnet cores and its monazite is compositionally similar to that of the paragneisses, features indicative that they were probably produced by direct melting of these rocks.
Chari, Sangeetha. "Hydride Generation and Laser Spectroscopy Techniques for Trace Analytical Measurements of Antimony and Selenium." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1219424557.
Full textPonce, de Leon Hill Claudia A. "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY AND INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY USED IN THE DETERMINATION AND SPECIATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990645108.
Full textKollander, Barbro. "Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry : Exploring the Limits of Different Sample Preparation Strategies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150861.
Full textDay, Jason A. "Elemental speciation and trace metal analysis using chemical separations interfaced to inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin991666507.
Full textLundholm, Karin. "Fate of Cu, Cr, As and some other trace elements during combustion of recovered waste fuels." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1132.
Full textDeBord, Joshua S. "Predicting the Geographic Origin of Heroin by Multivariate Analysis of Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotope Ratios." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3802.
Full textSaqib, Naeem. "Distribution and chemical association of trace elements in incinerator residues and mining waste from a leaching perspective." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-48933.
Full textHerselman, Jacoba Elizabeth. "The concentration of selected trace metals in South African soils." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1390.
Full textTrace elements occur naturally in soils, usually at low concentrations (<0.1% or <1000 mg kg-1 of the earth’s crust), as a result of weathering and pedogenic processes acting on the rock fragments from which soil develops (parent material). Since about 98% of human food is produced on land, soil is the primary source supplying these elements to the food chain. Although cases of trace element deficiency and toxicity have been documented in many parts of South Africa, no comprehensive description of trace element concentration has yet been attempted for South Africa as a whole. The Natural Resources Land Type mapping project, initiated in the mid-1970s, has provided a collection of samples (approximately 4500) from soil profiles selected to represent the main soil forms in each land type and therefore to provide representative coverage of most of the soils of South Africa. These archived samples have now been analysed for a spectrum of trace elements, in terms of both available and total concentrations as well as other soil properties. Although detailed information is available on a wide range of trace metals, the seven trace metals considered to be of most interest in a South African context due to natural geological occurrences were selected for this study, including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn. This data was used to: • determine baseline concentrations in SA soils; • determining threshold values for South African agricultural soils receiving sewage sludge at agronomic rates; • determining the influence of certain soil properties on the baseline concentrations of these trace elements in SA soils; and • development of a bioavailable trace element distribution map for SA. The range, the mean and standard deviation (both arithmetic and geometric), and the median were used to summarize the data statistically. The baseline concentration range was calculated using the quotient and product of the geometric mean and the square of the geometric standard deviation, including data below the instrument detection limit. The upper limit of the baseline concentration range was set at the 0.975 percentile value of the population in order to minimize the influence of contamination and the lower limit at the 0.025 percentile value to minimize problems that might be associated with analytical uncertainty near the lower limit of detection. The quantile regression statistical approach was followed to illustrate the relationship between soil properties and trace element concentrations in soils. The soil properties that showed the strongest relation were CEC, clay content, pH (H2O) and S value (base status). The soils were then divided into different classes according to these soil properties and baseline concentrations were derived for the different classes. Soils with low clay contents have lower trace element concentrations than soils with higher clay contents, soils with low or high pH levels have lower trace element contents than soils with intermediate pH values and mesotrophic soils have higher trace element concentrations than dystrophic soils. This information is useful for the compilation of trace element distribution maps for South Africa where different soil forms and series/families could be classified into different classes to determine areas of potential deficiencies as well as toxicities. South Africa, with its diverse geology, has areas of both trace element toxicities and deficiencies and for decision-making purposes it is necessary to identify these areas. Mapping of trace element levels based on soil samples would provide valuable information, which cannot be obtained from geological or geographical maps. Statistical analyses of the data (clay %, base status, pH (H2O) and NH4EDTA extractable trace element concentrations) indicated that soils could be divided into five trace element classes based on their clay content, pH and base status (dystrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic). The soil series according to the binomial soil classification system for South Africa were then divided into these different classes. The geometric means for each clay class were determined and the baseline concentration range for each class was calculated. The land type maps were used as basis for the distribution maps. A general trace element distribution map for South Africa was derived from this data as well as Cu and Zn distribution maps. A random selection of 500 soil samples across the country was used to verify the accuracy of the distribution map. The general trace element distribution map indicate, with a confidence level between 89 and 96%, where the potentially available trace element content of South African soils are low (deficient) too moderately high, excluding rocky areas and areas with limited soil. The Cu and Zn maps indicate the distribution and expected baseline concentrations of these specific elements in South African soils. The same methodology could be applied to derive risk maps for all the individual trace elements to indicate the distribution and expected baseline concentrations of the elements in South Africa. This presentation of baseline concentrations, reflecting likely natural ranges in South African soils, is the first quantitative report on the spatial extent and intensity of Zn, Cu and Co deficiency in South African soils. The proposal of new threshold values for trace elements in agricultural soils will be valuable in setting more realistic norms for environmental contamination that accommodate the geochemical peculiarities of the region, one example being rather high Cr and Ni concentrations with low bio-availability. This information should be of value not only in environmental pollution studies but also in health, agriculture, forestry and wildlife management. The following recommendations are made: • The baseline concentrations could be used to determine site specific threshold values based on soil properties and soil type. Soils with lower pH, clay content and CEC would require more protection than soils with high pH, clay content and CEC and therefore the threshold levels for these soils should be lower. • Although the distribution maps can be used to indicate broad areas of trace element deficiencies and toxicities, more detailed investigations are recommended for areas where problems are experienced. The same methodology could be applied on smaller scale to increase the value of the map and to add more value on a regional scale. The maps could be used for regional soil quality assessment especially in areas where trace element deficiencies or toxicities could result in negative effects on plants and animals.
Ferreira, Guilherme Gonçalves Pereira da Silva 1981. "Medição do aporte atmosférico dos elementos-traço nos municípios de Campinas e Paulínia com auxílio da espécie vegetal Tillanásia usneoides (L.)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286756.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T23:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_GuilhermeGoncalvesPereiradaSilva_M.pdf: 2045815 bytes, checksum: e8ef791fcd875da45872a42710b54a97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A bromélia epífita Tillandsia usneoides (L.) foi utilizada para realizar um biomonitoramento atmosférico em sete locais ao longo de uma transecta que passa pelos municípios de Campinas e Paulínia. Os pontos escolhidos situam-se próximos a rodovias, indústrias e avenidas, assim como em locais mais afastados de atividades antrópicas. Amostras da planta foram introduzidas por aproximadamente dois meses em cada um locais durante cinco intervalos sequenciais, entre abril de 2009 e março de 2010. Os objetivos foram conhecer a distribuição sazonal e espacial das concentrações de elementos-traço (Al, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ni, Nb, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Sr, Ce, Pr, V, Y e W), estabelecer relações com dados climáticos e parâmetros de qualidade do ar e estimar as fontes a partir dos aportes medidos. Após o período de exposição, as amostras da planta foram removidas, liofilizadas e moídas. Uma alíquota foi dissolvida em meio ácido (HNO3 e HF destilados) e analisada em espectrômetro de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). O material de referência certificado de folhas de macieira NIST 1515 foi analisado para o controle da qualidade. Os resultados das concentrações obtidas de cada elemento nas amostras expostas foram normalizados em relação a amostras-controle, não expostas, para obter um Coeficiente de Enriquecimento (CE). Os maiores aportes de elementos-traço foram identificados nos meses de abril-junho/09, setembro/09-novembro/09 e janeiro/10-março/10, atribuídos à presença de maiores concentrações de material particulado e de poluentes na atmosfera, além de fatores climáticos não favoráveis a sua dispersão nesses períodos. Os menores coeficientes de enriquecimento obtidos para o período de maior pluviosidade - novembro/09-dezembro/10 - foram atribuídos à remoção parcial dos poluentes por deposição úmida. O maior aporte total foi medido no ponto CSC (Careca Sport Center), e os elementos que apresentaram maiores CE foram Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Y, W, Ce e Pr. A principal fonte para esses resultados provavelmente é a poeira do solo, e secundariamente o tráfego de veículos e emissões de indústrias próximas. No ponto FEAGRI (no campus da Unicamp) um conjunto de elementos, entre eles Ni e Co, apresentou CE relativamente elevados, e que foram atribuídos principalmente à poeira do solo local. O ponto CENTRO (centro de Campinas) apresentou os maiores CE de Ba, Sn, Cu e Sb, com aportes Pb, Cd, Bi, Al, Fe, Ga, Nb, Ti também elevados, associados principalmente ao tráfego de veículos. Nos pontos de Paulínia aportes relativamente elevados foram medidos para Ba, Sb, Bi e V e que foram associados ao tráfego e indústrias na região, incluindo as petroquímicas. Os pontos CABRAS e MSG, mais distantes de influências antrópicas, apresentaram as menores concentrações de metais poluentes em razão da distância relativa às fontes e ao posicionamento favorável quanto à direção dos ventos principais, respectivamente. Os dados obtidos sugerem que os aportes estão associados a fontes locais e ao transporte de curta distância por ventos NO, enquanto o transporte de longa distância por ventos sudeste, não foi confirmado
Abstract: The epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia usneoides (L.) was used as biomonitor of the atmosphere at seven sites along a transect of the municipalities of Campinas and Paulinia. The selected sites are located near highways, industries and avenues, as well as in places farther away from human activities. The samples of were introduced by about two months during five sequential intervals, from April 2009 to March 2010. The goals were to know the seasonal and spatial concentrations of trace metals (Al, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ni, Nb, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Sr, Ce, Pr, V, Y e W), establish relationships with climatic data and parameters of air quality and estimate the sources of the deposition. After the exposure period, the plants samples were taken to the laboratory, freeze dried and ground. An aliquot was dissolved (HNO3 plus HF, purified by sub-boiling), and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The certified reference material Apple Leaves NIST SRM 1515 was analyzed for quality control. The measured concentrations of exposed plants were normalized against control samples of non exposed plants to obtain the coefficient of enrichment (CE). The largest inputs of traceelements were identified in April-June/09, September-November/09 and January-March/10, which are also the periods with higher concentrations of particulate matter and pollutants in atmosphere together with less favorable climatic factors to their dispersion. The lowest CE values in November/09-January/10 were attributed to the partial removal of atmospheric pollutants by wet deposition. The highest depositions was measured at CSC (Careca Sport Center) and Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Y, W, Ce e Pr showed high CE. The main sources for such results probably are soil dust, nearby traffic and industrial emissions. At FEAGRI (at Unicamp campus) a set of elements, including Co and Ni, presented relatively high CE, which were attributed mainly to dust from local soil. The site at Campinas downtown presented the highest CE of Ba, Sn, Cu and Sb, and also significant input of Pb, Cd, Bi, Al, Fe, Ga, Nb, Ti mainly due to the traffic of vehicles. At the sites in Paulínia, relatively high CE were obtained for Ba, Sb, Bi e V, which were associated to traffic and industrial sources. The sites CABRAS and MSG presented the lowest concentrations of metallic pollutants, because they are favored by the distance from anthropogenic sources and the position regarding the direction of main winds, respectively. The data suggest that the deposition of metallic elements is related to local sources and to short distance transport by NW wind, while long distance transport by SE winds was not confirmed
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências
KANNAMKUMARATH, SASI S. "TRACE ELEMENTAL SPECIATION USING CHROMATOGRAPHY/CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS COUPLED TO INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD, PHARMACEUTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085673299.
Full textMay, Christopher David. "Development of novel analytical and interpretational protocols to facilitate the provenance establishment of glass and plastic evidence." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0169.
Full textGerman, Laura Lynne. "The Geochemical Evolution of the Blood Falls Hypersaline System." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1438715896.
Full textHanley, Traci A. "Trace Elemental Methodologies for the Chromatographic Speciation of Silver Ions and Silver Nanoparticles and the Development of Rice Flour Internal Quality Control Material for Arsenic Speciation Applications using High Performance Liquid Chromatography." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491898753606019.
Full textBoman, Christoffer. "Particulate and gaseous emissions from residential biomass combustion." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-501.
Full textRolls, Holly Jacqueline. "Using Otolith Elemental Composition to Track the Habitat Use, Movements, and Life History Patterns of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in the Tampa Bay Estuary." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5298.
Full textHartung, Eva. "Early magmatism and the formation of a ‘Daly Gap’ at Akaroa Shield Volcano, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5584.
Full textLemaire, Jérémy. "Mercury contamination in caimans from French Guiana, bioaccumulation and physiological effects." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03716076.
Full textMercury (Hg) is a global environmental contaminant that affects ecosystems. It has the particularity to biomagnify through the food web, and to bioaccumulate especially in tissues of top predators. Mercury has been identified to have detrimental effects on human and wildlife. Top predators from tropical ecosystems are particularly affected by Hg contamination due to artisanal small scale gold mining, which uses massive amounts of Hg in the gold extraction process. Crocodilians are top predators of tropical ecosystems and have been identified to accumulate high concentrations of Hg in their tissues. They are potentially good candidates to monitor Hg contamination, as they are long-living animals with low metabolic, and high tissue conversion rates, which favours the bioaccumulation of Hg. Additionally, they have a large repartition over tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems, which make large-scale Hg evaluation possible. My doctoral work focuses on the four caiman species that are present in French Guiana (the Black caiman Melanosuchus niger, the Dwarf caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus, the Smooth-fronted caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus and the Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus). First, I have worked on Hg variation across different tissues obtained by minimally invasive methods, and investigated the influence of morphology and feeding ecology (by using stable isotope method) on Hg contamination in caimans. Second, I have investigated the impact of Hg contamination on physiological mechanisms, and the maternal transfer and its effects on neonates
Hansen, James W. L. "The petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Goomboorian intrusive complex, southeast Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
Find full textAkinyemi, Segun Ajayi. "Geochemical and mineralogical evaluation of toxic contaminants mobility in weathered coal fly ash: as a case study, Tutuka dump site, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1226_1360593017.
Full textThe management and disposal of huge volumes of coal combustion by products such as fly ash has constituted a major challenge to the environment. In most cases due to the inadequate alternative use of coal fly ash, the discarded waste is stored in holding ponds, slag heaps, or stock piled in ash dumps. This practice has raised concerns on the prospect of inorganic metals release to the surface and groundwater in the vicinity of the ash dump. Acceptable scientific studies are lacking to determine the best ash disposal practices. Moreover, knowledge about the mobility patterns of inorganic species as a function of mineralogical association or pH susceptibility of the dry disposed ash dump under natural weathering conditions are scarce in the literature. Fundamental understanding of chemical interactions of dry disposed ash with ingressed CO2 from atmosphere, percolating rain water and brine irrigation within ash disposal sites were seen as key areas requiring investigation. The mineralogical association of inorganic species in the dry disposed ash cores can be identified and quantified. This would provide a basis for understanding of chemical weathering, mineralogical transformations or mobility patterns of these inorganic species in the dry ash disposal scenario. The current study therefore aims to provide a comprehensive characterisation of weathered dry disposed ash cores, to reveal mobility patterns of chemical species as a function of depth and age of ash, with a view to assessing the potential environmental impacts. Fifty-nine samples were taken from 3 drilled cores obtained respectively from the 1 year, 8 year and 20-year-old sections of sequentially dumped, 
weathered, dry disposed ash in an ash dump site at Tutuka - a South African coal burning power station. The core samples were characterized using standard analytical procedures viz: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) techniques, Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Acid neutralisation capacity (ANC) test. A modified sequential extraction (SE) method was used in this study. The chemical partitioning, mobility and weathering patterns in 1 year, 8 year and 20-year-old sections of the ash dump were respectively investigated using this modified sequential extraction scheme. The sequence of the extractions was as follows: (1) water soluble, (2) exchangeable, (3) carbonate, (4) iron and manganese and (5) residual. The results obtained from the 5 steps sequential extraction scheme were validated with the total metal content of the original sample using mass balance method. The distribution of major and trace elements in the different liquid fractions obtained after each step of sequential extraction of the 59 drilled core samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The data generated for various ash core samples were explored for the systematic analysis of mineralogical transformation and change in ash chemistry with ageing of the ash. Furthermore, the data was analyzed to reveal the impact of ingressed CO2 from atmosphere, infiltrating rain water and brine irrigation on the chemistry of ash core samples. Major mineral phases in original ash core samples prior to extraction are quartz (SiO2) and mullite (3Al2O3·
2SiO2). Other minor mineral phases identified were hematite (Fe2O3), calcite (CaCO3), lime (CaO), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), mica (Ca (Mg, Al)3 (Al3Si) O10 (OH)2), and enstatite (Mg2Si2O6). X-ray diffraction results show significant loss of crystallinity in the older ash cores. The presence of minor phases of calcite and mica in dry disposed ash cores are attributed to reduction in the pore water pH due to hydration, carbonation and pozzolanic reactions. The X-ray diffraction technique was unable to detect Fe-oxyhydroxide phase and morealuminosilicate phases in ash core samples due to their low abundance and amorphous character. X-ray fluorescence results of the original ash core samples showed the presence of major oxides, such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, while CaO, K2O, TiO2, Na2O, MnO, MgO, P2O5, and SO3 occur in minor concentrations. The ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 classified the original core samples prior to extraction as a silico-aluminate class F fly ash. The ternary plot of major elements in 1-year-old ash core samples was both sialic and ferrocalsialic but 8 year and 20-year-old ash core samples were sialic in chemical composition. It is noteworthy that the mass % of SiO2 varies through the depth of the core with an increase of nearly 3 %, to 58 mass % of SiO2 at a depth of 6 m in the 1-year-old core whereas in the case of the 8-year-old core a 2 % increase of SiO2 to a level of 57.5 mass % can be observed at levels between 4-8 m, showing dissolution of major components in the matrix of older ash cores.. The Na2O content of the Tutuka ash cores was low and varied between 0.6-1.1 mass % for 1-year-old ash cores to around 0.6-0.8 mass % for 8-year-old ash cores. Sodium levels were higher in 1-year-old ash cores compared to 8 year and 20-year-old ashcores. Observed trends indicate that quick weathering of the ash (within a year) leached out Na+ from the ash dump. No evidence of Na+ encapsulation even though the ash dump was brine irrigated. Thus the dry disposal ash placement method does not result in a sustainable salt sink for Na-containing species over time. The total content of each of the elements in 1 year and 20-year-old ash cores was normalised with their total content in fresh ash from same power station to show enrichment and depletion factor. Major elements such as K+, Mn showed enrichment in 1-year-old ash cores whereas Al, Si, Na+, Ti, Ca, Mg, S and Fe showed depletion due to over time erosion. Trace elements such as Cr, Sr, P, Ba, Pb, V and Zn showed enrichment but Ni, Y, Zr showed depletion attributed to over time erosion. In 20-year-old ash cores, major elements such as Al, Na+ and Mn showed enrichment while Si, K+, Fe, Mg and Ca showed depletion highlighting their mobility. Trends indicated intensive flushing of major soluble components such as buffering constituents (CaO) by percolating rain water. The 1-year-old and 20-year-old coal ash cores showed a lower pH and greater loss/depletion of the soluble buffering constituents than the 2-week-old placed ash, indicating significant chemical weathering within a year. Based 
on ANC results the leaching behaviours of Ca, Mg, Na+, K+, Se, Cr, and Sr were found to be controlled by the pH of the leachant indicating high mobility of major soluble species in the ash cores when in contact with slightly acid rain water. Other investigated toxic metals such as As, Mo and Pb showed amphoteric behaviour with respect to the pH of the leachant. Chemical alterations and formation of transient minor secondary mineral phases was found to have a significant effect on the acid susceptibility and depletion pattern of chemical species in the core ash samples when compared to fresh ash. These ANC results correlated well with the data generated from the sequential extraction scheme. Based on sequential extraction results elements, showed noticeable mobility in the water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate fractions due to adsorption and desorption caused by variations in the pore water pH. In contrast, slight mobility of elements in the Fe and Mn, and residual fractions of dry disposed fly ashes are attributed to the co-precipitation and dissolution of minor amount of less soluble secondary phase overtime. The 1-year-old dry disposed ash cores were the least weathered among the 3 drilled ash cores. Therefore low concentration of toxic metals in older ash cores were ascribed to extensive weathering with slower release from residual mineral phases over time. Elements were found to associate with different mineral phases depending on the age or depth of the core samples showing greater heterogeneity in dispersion. For instance the average amount of total calcium in different mineral associations of 1-year-old ash cores is as follows
water soluble (10.2 %), exchangeable (37.04 %), carbonate (37.9 %), Fe and Mn (7.1 %) and residual (2.97 %). The amount of total Na+ in different mineral phases of 1-year-old ash cores followed this trend: water soluble (21 %), exchangeable (11.26 %), carbonate (2.6 %), Fe and Mn (4.7 %) and residual (53.9 %). The non-leachable portion of the total Na+ content (namely that contained in the residual fraction) in the 1-year-old ash core samples under conditions found in nature ranged between 5-91 %. This non-leachable portion of the Na+ showed the metastability of the mineral phases with which residual Na+ associates. Results showed older ash cores are enriched in toxic elements. Toxic elements such as As, B, Cr, Mo and Pb are enriched in the residual fraction of older ash cores. For instance As concentration in the residual fraction varied between 0.0003- 0.00043 mg kg-1 for 1-year-old ash cores to around 0.0003-0.0015 mg kg-1 for 20-year-old ash cores. This suggests that the older ash is enriched in toxic elements hence dust from the ash dump would be toxic to human health. The knowledge of mobility and ecotoxicological significance of coal fly ash is needed when considering its disposal or reuse in the environment. The mobility and ecotoxicology of inorganic metals in coal fly ash are determined by (i) mineralogical associations of inorganic species (ii) in-homogeneity in the ash dumps (iii) long and short term exposure to ingress CO2 and percolating rain water. Management issues such as inconsistent placement of ash in the dumps, poor choice of ash dump site, in-homogeneity in brine irrigation, no record of salt load put on the ash dumps and lack of proper monitoring requires improvement. The thesis provides justification for the use of the modified sequential extraction scheme as a predictive tool and could be employed in a similar research work. This thesis also proved that the dry ash disposal method was not environmental friendly in terms of overall leaching potential after significant chemical weathering. Moreover the study proved that the practice of brine co-disposal or irrigation on ash dumps is not sustainable as the ash dump did not act as a salt sink.
Radicic, William Neil. "Velocity and Temperature Characterization of the First Vacuum Stage Expansion in an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd435.pdf.
Full textVeschambre, Sophie. "Caractérisation et quantification des Eléments Traces Métalliques dans les dépôts et les particules atmosphériques de la vallée d'Aspe - Mise en place d'indicateurs de la Qualité de l'Air." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00118082.
Full textLa vallée d'Aspe présente un niveau de contamination spécifique des zones éloignées des émissions anthropiques et les contaminants métalliques identifiés sont le Cd, Sb, Zn, Cu, Pb et Sn. Dans sa partie basse, les indicateurs de la qualité de l'air présentent une contribution des contaminants (i) liée aux émissions locales des combustions domestiques, à la pratique saisonnière de l'écobuage et au trafic routier, et (ii) aux sources anthropiques régionales de l'incinération des déchets ménagers, de l'industries métallurgique et des centres urbains. Dans sa partie haute, la vallée est soumise significativement, d'une part, à l'érosion éolienne et, d'autre part, à la contribution des sources du transport à grande échelle de l'hémisphère Nord. La caractérisation des ETM et des rapports isotopiques du plomb dans le tunnel du Somport indique (i) que le trafic routier émet significativement du Cu, Sb, Zn et Ba et (ii) bien que Pb présente de faibles émissions sa composition isotopique montre une source faiblement radiogénique du trafic routier. Toutefois, la faible circulation des véhicules dans la vallée d'Aspe ne permet pas de mettre évidence une contamination significative provenant des émissions du trafic routier.
Black, Amanda. "Bioavailability of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils treated with biosolids and metal salts." Lincoln University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1561.
Full textMmelesi, Olga Kelebogile. "Synthesis and characterization of pine cone carbon supported iron oxide catalyst for dye and phenol degradation." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/418.
Full textFenton oxidation is classified into two processes, homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous Fenton oxidation process, have been shown to be efficient in the degradation of organic pollutants. However, it was shown to have limitations which can be addressed by the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. Despite the high efficiency of the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process in the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants, the currents synthesis trends of the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst have been proven to be time and energy constraining, since it involves the multi-step were the activated carbon have to be prepared first then co-precipitate the iron oxide on the activated carbon. However, as much as the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst has been proven to have high catalytic activity towards degradation of organic pollutants, these catalysts have some limitations, such limitations include metal ions being leached from the catalyst support into the treated water causing catalyst deactivation and a secondary pollution to the treated water. In this thesis, these catalysts have been applied in the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as methylene blue and phenols. This study focuses on the single step synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles supported on activated carbon, were carbonaceous material is impregnated with iron salt then pyrolysed via microwave heating. Microwave power and the amount of iron salt were optimized. The prepared activated carbon-iron oxide composites were applied to the degradation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and methylene blue (MB). Methylene blue was used as a model compound due to the fact that it is easier to monitor the degradation process with UV-Vis as compared to 2-nitrophenol . 2-nitrophenol the additional step for the adjustment of pH is required since nitrophenols are colorless in color at lower pH. The characterization showed that the microwave power and the amount of the iron precursor have an influence on the porosity and surface functional groups of the activated carbon. Further it was vi observed that microwave power and iron precursor influnces the amount of iron oxide formed on the surface of the support. It was also observed that the activated carbon-iron oxide composite have the catalytic effects on the Fenton oxidation process of MB and 2-NP. The parameters such as H2O2, pH, catalyst dose, initial concentration, temperature affect the degradation of both MB and 2-NP. Kinetics studies showed that Fenton is a surface driven reaction since the results fitted the pseudo first order model. The thermodynamics parameters also showed that the reaction is endothermic, spontaneous and is randomized. This implies that the reaction of the degradation of MB and 2-NP is feasible and the catalysts prepared have high catalytic activity. MB and 2-NP were degraded to smaller organic molecules (carboxylic acids). The stability of the catalyst observed to decrease as the number of cycles increased, this is due to the leaching of iron ions from the support material. Hence it was concluded that the activated carbon-iron oxide composite was successfully synthesized and had the high catalytic activity for the degradation of MB and 2-NP.