Dissertations / Theses: 'Tracce passive'

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Vystavna, Yuliya. "Environmental and socio-economic determinants, their impacts on trace metals and pharmaceuticals in watercourses : a comparison on two watersheds of France and Ukraine." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14486/document.

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Les objectifs de cette étude comparative de deux bassins versants en France et en Ukraine» sont de trois ordres : i) déterminer l’occurrence des micropolluants émergents (métaux traces et molécules pharmaceutiques) dans les eaux de surface, ii) permettre leur évaluation qualitative et quantitative et enfin iii) estimer leur distribution en fonction du contexte socio-économique. Cette recherche porte sur l'analyse de l'origine, sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et sur le comportement des micropolluants (métaux traces et molécules pharmaceutiques) dans les eaux de surface des rivières Jalle (Bordeaux, France) et Udy & Lopan (Kharkiv, Ukraine). Un suivi des métaux traces et des produits pharmaceutiques dans les eaux naturelles de surface dans différents contextes et conditions climatiques a été réalisé. La description et l'analyse des facteurs environnementaux et socio-économiques influençant l’hydrochimie locale en vue de conclure sur l’opportunité et l'intérêt des micropolluants émergents comme indicateurs anthropiques du contexte socio-économique et environnemental d‘un bassin versant ont été mis en œuvre. L’étude a combiné des techniques de prélèvements d’échantillons d’eau classiques et par capteurs passifs in situ. L’analyse semi quantitative des micropolluants émergents a porté sur les métaux traces (sonde DGT) et les produits pharmaceutiques (POCIS). L’usage de ces capteurs a permis d’évaluer les différentes formes d'éléments, les sources, les variations saisonnières et spatiales, l'accumulation et les risques environnementaux. A partir des données environnementales collectées, acquises, actualisées et validées il a été possible de modéliser la consommation régionale de médicaments dans le cas de (1) la région de Kharkiv, en Ukraine, sur les rivières Lopan et Udy du bassin Seversky Donets et (2) la région de Bordeaux, en France, sur la rivière Jalle, du bassin de la Garonne. Les sites ont été sélectionnés pour représenter une diversité tant du point de vue de l'état de pollution des eaux (nature et flux) que de celui du paysage socio-économique (contexte urbain, social et indicateurs économiques). Les résultats majeurs de cette étude sont : (i) méthodologique pour le développement et la validation de protocoles d’échantillonnage classique et passif (intérêt, limites, recommandations), ii) analytique quant à la mesure des éléments traces des eaux de surface naturelles dans des conditions extrêmes, iii) scientifique par l’obtention d’un jeu de données sur l’hydrochimie des éléments traces ( présence, accumulation, origine et variabilité spatiale et temporelle et iv) prospectif quant à l’usage des métaux traces et de produits pharmaceutiques comme traceurs anthropiques de l’état des eaux naturelles de surfaces et reflet du contexte socio-économique. La modélisation socio-économique (statistique) et environnementale (balance de masse) aide à comprendre l’évolution de la qualité des eaux de surface dans leur contexte régional et permet d’identifier certains contaminants comme des indicateurs des activités anthropiques d’un bassin versant et permet de définir une typologie. L’ensemble des résultats de la thèse sont présentés sous la forme d'articles publiés ou soumis dans des revues scientifiques internationales
The PhD study focuses on the understanding of processes of the impact of environmental and socio-economic determinants on the occurrence, accumulation and distribution of trace metals and pharmaceuticals in urban watercourses. The research has been based on the analysis of the origin; physico-chemical properties and behavior of trace pollutants. The study was performed in two general steps: (i) monitoring of trace metals and pharmaceuticals in natural waters; (ii) description and analysis of environmental and socio-economic determinants that influence the water chemistry and (iii) evaluation of trace pollutants as environmental and socio-economic indicators. The monitoring of trace metals in natural water was proceed using the combination of passive and grab water sampling techniques, in order to evaluate various forms of elements, sources, seasonal and spatial variations, accumulation and environmental risks associated with the presence of contaminants in the study areas. The monitoring of pharmaceuticals was done using passive sensors to determine their capacity to register chemicals variation in time and adequation to use environmental data for the regional medicament consumption modeling. Monitoring data were also investigated in term of potential applications of trace metals and pharmaceuticals as environmental and socio-economic indicators. Two study sites were chosen: (1) the Kharkiv region in Ukraine where research was focused on the Lopan and Udy rivers of the Seversky Donets water basin and (2) the Bordeaux region in France where water monitoring was done in the Jalle River, Garonne water basin. Sites were mainly selected to represent the water pollution status in different socio-economic regions. General PhD results can be described as follows:1. The methodology for pilot and continuous monitoring of trace elements in the water with combination of traditional (grab) and innovative (passive) sampling procedures help to get data on trace elements presence, accumulation and sources, considering time variations.2. The analysis of trace metals and pharmaceuticals in two river basins of France and Ukraine and determination of environmental factors that impact on the occurrence, accumulation and distribution of these chemicals.3. The establishment of links between regional socio-economic issues and water quality data. The socio-economic and environmental modeling helps us to understand the water pollution process in regional context and give the opportunity to propose contaminants as tracers of anthropogenic activities and water quality assessment.Results of the PhD study are presented in the form of published or submitted peer-reviewed articles
Диссертация «Экологические и социально-экономические факторы распространения металлов и фармацевтических веществ в природных водах: на примере рек Харькова, Украина и Бордо, Франция» на соискание степени Доктора Философии (Environmental Science) подготовлена в рамках договора о научном сотрудничестве и совместном руководстве между Университетом Бордо, Франция и Харьковской национальной академией городского хозяйства, Украина.Актуальность работы связана с сушествующими проблемами мониторинга природных вод, недостатком исследований микро-загрязнителей водотоков как во Франции, так и в Украине, существующим экологическим риском, который возникает при поступлении и накоплении металов и фармацевтических веществ в урбанизированных водотоках, а также возможностью использования химических веществ в качестве экологических и социально – экономических индикаторов. Целью диссертационной работы стало усовершенствование методов мониторинга микро-загрязнителей в природных водах и оценка возможности использования отдельных микро-загрязнителей в качестве экологических и социально-экономических показателей. Предметом исследования являются экологические и социально-экономические факторы, влияющие на распространение металлов и фармацевтических веществ в природных водах. Объектом исследования стали реки Уды и Лопань, Харьковская область, Украина и река Жаль, регион Бордо, Франция.Основные задачи: (1) провести мониторинг рек на различные формы металлов и фармацевтические вещества с применением стандартных и инновационных (пассивных) методов отбора проб; (2) опеределить экологические и социально- экономические факторы, которые влияют на распространение микрозагрязнителей в природных водах; (3) изучить возможность использования металлов и фармацевтических веществ в качестве индикаторов антропогенного загрязнения природных вод.В результате проведенных исследований был: Впервые: (а) осуществлен мониторинг лабильных форм металлов в реках бассейна Северского Донца, в результате которого определены концентрации токсичных металлов в водотоках, источники и количество их поступления; (б) проведен мониторинг фармацевтических веществ в природных водах Украины, (в) определены концентрации и основные источники поступления фармацевтических препаратов и удельные показатели потребления различных медикаментов в Харьковском регионе; Усовершенствованы: (а) методика проведения мониторинга воды за счет применения стандартных и инновационных пассивных методов отбора проб воды в контрастных климатических и гидрологических условиях с целью исследования различных форм загрязнителей и их временных вариаций; (б) балансово-статистическая модель, которая позволяет использовать данные мониторинга природных вод для социально-экономической характеристики регионов – водопользователей; Предложены:(а) система определения геохимического фона рек на основании торий – нормализованных концентраций металлов в донных отложениях; (б) метод использование металлов и фармацевтических веществ в качестве индикаторов поступления сточных вод для идентификации несанкционированных сбросов.Основу диссертационного исследования составили натурные данные полевых исследований рек Харькова и Бордо, которые были организованы и проведены с непосредственным участием автора в 2008 – 2011 гг. Большинство лабораторных анализов было лично проведено автором в сертифицированных лабораториях Университета Бордо и Университета Орлеан, Франция.Диссертация имеет теоретическое и практическое значение для дальнейшего развития мониторинга природных вод, а также повышения уровня экологической и социальной безопасности в регионах. По теме опубликовано 4 статьи в международных журналах с высоким ИМПАКТ фактором, а также 5 статей в изданиях, реглиментированных ВАК Украины и России

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Toumi, Khalifa. "A trust framework for multi-organization environments." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997693.

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The widespread of inexpensive communication technologies, distributed data storage and web services mechanisms currently urge the collaboration among organizations. Partners are participating in this environment motivated by several advantages such as: (1) the ability to use external and professional resources, services and knowledge, (2) the reduction of time-consuming requirements and (3) the benefaction of experts experience. However, this collaboration is not perfect since several problems can arise such as the misuse of resources, disclosure of data or inadequate services. Therefore, security is an important concern of the participants. In particular trust management and access control are one of the major security issues for an organization. This thesis addresses these two areas in particular. It proposes a novel and comprehensive trust framework for Multi-Organization Environments. Our approach is organized in four parts. First, we propose a vector based model approach for defining trust vectors. These vectors evaluate a set of requirements, under conditions, and provide a degree of confidence. In our approach, we consider two different types of vectors. On the one hand, a vector that links a user to an organization and, on the other hand, a vector that links two organizations. We also show how these vectors are evaluated and shared among the different organizations, and how we combine the provided trust information in order to enhance the security. Second, the TRUST-OrBAC model was designed to add the previous trust approach to the ORBAC model. Moreover, this solution was applied with a real collaboration network between companies. Third, we present a trust ontology methodology based on access control concepts. This ontology will be used to share the trust beliefs between participants and to make equivalence between their trust objectives. How to define this trust relationship, how to understand the trust objective of a requester, and how to evaluate the recommendation value is addressed in this thesis. Fourth, we improve our work by designing a passive testing approach in order to evaluate the behavior of a user. This contribution is based on the monitoring tool MMT. Finally the entire architecture of our system is proposed

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Poulier, Gaelle. "Etude de l’échantillonnage intégratif passif pour l’évaluation réglementaire de la qualité des milieux aquatiques : application à la contamination en pesticides et en éléments trace métalliques des bassins versants du Trec et de l’Auvézère." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0032/document.

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Parce qu’ils sont peu coûteux, faciles d’utilisation, et surtout très efficaces, les pesticides sont devenus une composante majeure de l’agriculture moderne et se sont imposés dans de nombreuses activités urbaines et domestiques. Ces molécules se retrouvent aujourd’hui dans tous les compartiments de l’environnement notamment dans les milieux aquatiques. Le suivi resserré des substances actives et de leurs résidus, présents dans l’environnement à des concentrations potentiellement dommageables pour les écosystèmes, apparaît aujourd’hui comme une nécessité. L’application de la Directive cadre sur l’eau, l’une des principales réglementations européenne ciblant les eaux, requiert des techniques d’échantillonnage et d’analyse performantes, alliant haute sensibilité, facilité de mise œuvre, coûts abordables, et surtout précision et fiabilité. Actuellement, la méthodologie employée consiste en des prélèvements ponctuels d’eau à pas de temps lâche (une fois par mois en général) suivi de l’analyse en laboratoire. Cette approche souffre d’un manque de représentativité temporelle, couplée à une sensibilité analytique souvent peu satisfaisante. Les techniques d’échantillonnage passif développées au cours des 20 dernières années pourraient être intégrées dans les réseaux de surveillance réglementaires afin de pallier ces manques, mais des questions subsistent encore quant à leur opérationnalité. Ces travaux de thèse visent à développer puis tester les échantillonneurs passifs sur le terrain afin de déterminer leur adéquation avec les exigences de la Directive cadre sur l’Eau, et le cas échéant, mettre en évidence les principaux verrous scientifiques résiduels. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans:- la variété des outils évalués : trois échantillonneurs différents ont été étudiés (Le Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), le Chemcatcher et le Diffusive Gradient in Thin film (DGT). Les méthodes classiques de prélèvement ponctuels ont également été mise en œuvre.- la variété des environnements étudiés : deux bassins versant très différents ont été considérés, l’un présentant une contamination en pesticides forte, l’autre une contamination modérée.- La mise en en œuvre des échantillonneurs passifs dans un réel contexte réglementaire, les cours d’eau choisis faisant l’objet d’un contrôle opérationnel. Les données acquises avec les échantillonneurs passifs ont ainsi pu être comparées avec les suivis de l’Agence de l’Eau
The intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and urban activities since the 1950s has led to diffuse contamination of environmental compartments (air, soil, water). The presence of these molecules can lead to toxic effects for biota. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the use of an efficient monitoring network, based on reliable sampling and analytical techniques. Nowadays, grab sampling followed by extraction of analytes and chromatographic analysis is the most widespread strategy because of its simplicity of implementation but it also has numerous drawbacks. The crux of the issue lies in the lack of temporal representativeness and the low analytical sensibility. An alternative strategy to overcome some of these problems could be the use of passive samplers. This contribution aims at discuss about the possible application of passive samplers in regulatory monitoring programs. The originality of this work lies in :The variety of tested devices: three different samplers was studied (The Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), the Chemcatcher and the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT). Conventional grab sampling strategies were also evaluated.The variety of studied environments: two very different watersheds were selected. The first one presented a high level of contamination; the second had a low contamination in pesticides.The implementation of passive samplers in a real regulatory context, as the selected streams were monitored by the Water Agency for operational control. Data from the Water Agency could therefore be compared with passive sampler data

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Devillers, Delphine. "Fiabilisation de la quantification des éléments traces cationiques et anioniques par la technique d'échantillonnage DGT en milieu aquatique naturel." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0058/document.

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La technique d’échantillonnage passif DGT (« Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films ») possède de nombreux avantages (intégration des variations temporelles, abaissement des limites de quantification) qui font d’elle une méthode prometteuse pour une utilisation en réseaux de mesure pour quantifier les éléments traces dans les eaux naturelles. Cependant, il existe encore des zones d’ombre qui constituent des freins à son utilisation dans un contexte réglementaire. Ce travail a donc pour objectif d’identifier des biais potentiels et ainsi contribuer à fiabiliser la méthode. Cette étude montre que l’obtention d’un résultat avec une incertitude minimisée doit passer par la détermination expérimentale des facteurs d’élution ; cependant, l’utilisation d’une valeur standard de 0,8 pour le Cr(III) et de 0,85 pour Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) et Zn(II) est proposée afin d’alléger les manipulations tout en conservant une incertitude raisonnable (<10%). L’étude de l’influence de l’encrassement des dispositifs DGT a montré que la sorption des cations Cd(II), Cu(II) et Pb(II) sur les filtres encrassés affectent respectivement peu, modérément et fortement leur accumulation dans les échantillonneurs et donc leur quantification. Des durées d’exposition de moins d’une semaine sont alors préconisées pour ces éléments. En revanche, l’encrassement a eu un impact négligeable sur le Ni(II) et sur les oxyanions As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(V) et Se(VI). Enfin, une méthode de quantification simultanée du Cr(III), essentiel à la vie, et du Cr(VI), toxique, a été développée en vue d’améliorer l’évaluation de la toxicité d’une eau. Un unique échantillonneur DGT fixe les deux formes tandis qu’elles sont ensuite sélectivement séparées par une étape d’élution. Cette méthode est robuste sur une large gamme de forces ioniques et de concentrations en sulfate mais sur une gamme de pH plus restreinte ne couvrant pas toutes les eaux naturelles (4 à 6)
The passive sampling DGT technique (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) has a lot of benefits (time-weighted average concentrations, low limits of quantification) and would therefore be a useful tool for monitoring studies to quantify trace elements in natural water. However, there are still some limitations and grey areas that put the brakes on the development of the method for regulatory applications. The aim of this work is to identify potential biases and contribute to increase the method reliability. This study shows that a minimized uncertainty on results can be obtained only if elution factors are experimentally determined; however, standard values of 0.8 for Cr(III) and 0.85 for Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) are suggested to reduce manipulations while keeping reasonable uncertainty (<10%). Studying the influence of fouling developed on DGT devices showed that the sorption of cations Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) had, respectively, a slight, moderate and strong impact on their accumulation in DGT samplers and therefore on their quantification. Samplers should then be deployed for less than one week. In contrast, fouling had a negligible impact on oxyanions As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(V) and Se(VI). Finally, a method was developed to simultaneously quantify both Cr oxidation states naturally occurring in natural waters, which are Cr(III), essential to life, and Cr(VI), toxic. Both forms are accumulated in a single DGT sampler before being selectively separated during an elution step. This method is robust for wide ranges of ionic strengths and sulfate concentrations but for a narrower range of pH (4 to 6)

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Mouttappa, Pramila. "A symbolic-based passive testing approach to detect vulnerabilities in networking systems." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017860.

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Due to the increasing complexity of reactive systems, testing has become an important part in the process of the development of such systems. Conformance testing with formal methods refers to checking functional correctness, by means of testing, of a black-box system under test with respect to a formal system specification, i.e., a specification given in a language with a formal semantics. In this aspect, passive testing techniques are used when the implementation under test cannot be disturbed or the system interface is not provided. Passive testing techniques are based on the observation and verification of properties on the behavior of a system without interfering with its normal operation, it also helps to observe abnormal behavior in the implementation under test on the basis of observing any deviation from the predefined behavior. The main objective of this thesis is to present a new approach to perform passive testing based on the analysis of the control and data part of the system under test. During the last decades, many theories and tools have been developed to perform conformance testing. However, in these theories, the specifications or properties of reactive systems are often modeled by different variants of Labeled Transition Systems (LTS). However, these methodologies do not explicitly take into account the system's data, since the underlying model of LTS are not able to do that. Hence, it is mandatory to enumerate the values of the data before modeling the system. This often results in the state-space explosion problem. To overcome this limitation, we have studied a model called Input-Output Symbolic Transition Systems (IOSTS) which explicitly includes all the data of a reactive system. Many passive testing techniques consider only the control part of the system and neglect data, or are confronted with an overwhelming amount of data values to process. In our approach, we consider control and data parts by integrating the concepts of symbolic execution and we improve trace analysis by introducing trace slicing techniques. Properties are described using Input Output Symbolic Transition Systems (IOSTSs) and we illustrate in our approach how they can be tested on real execution traces optimizing the trace analysis. These properties can be designed to test the functional conformance of a protocol as well as security properties. In addition to the theoretical approach, we have developed a software tool that implements the algorithms presented in this paper. Finally, as a proof of concept of our approach and tool we have applied the techniques to two real-life case studies: the SIP and Bluetooth protocol

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Veyret, Nathalie. "Traces d'un passage : l'oeuvre de Barbara Pym." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30036.

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Cette etude de l'oeuvre de barbara pym inclut pour la premiere fois en france l'examen des papiers personnels de l'auteur, deposes a la bodleian library, oxford : manuscrits des romans, journal, correspondance, carnets litteraires, textes de conferences. La richesse de ces materiaux permet d'envisager l'etude des romans sous un nouveau jour. L'oeuvre se fait trace du passage de l'auteur dans l'angleterre de l'apres-guerre. Veritable historiographie, elle montre des personnages plutot ternes qui vivent une vie rangee, loin du bruit et de la fureur. Elle pourrait s'articuler sur l'aphorisme de cioran : "rater sa vie, c'est acceder a la poesie". Le monde de pym est le monde de l'insucces, dans lequel les hommes et les femmes se livrent a des jeux de roles sans jamais reussir a communiquer. Les liaisons sont dangereuses, aussi sont-elles evitees. On leur prefere une solitude confortable, agrementee de petits plaisirs egoistes, dont la bonne chere n'est pas des moindres. Le quotidien est detourne et les personnages s'inventent les cles d'une vie marquee au sceau de l'insignifiance. Le texte pymien aussi joue de la banalite pour mieux mettre en lumiere la tragedie de la vie humaine. La tension du recit tient ainsi au poids qui se cache derriere l'insignifiance. Pym reussit a ecrire le livre sur rien appele par flaubert
This study of the works of barbara pym includes for the first time in france the analysis of the author's personal papers deposited at the bodleian library : manuscripts of the novels, her diary, letters, notebooks and conference scripts. The wealth of this material is the starting point for a new study of the novels. The works are the traces of the author's passage in post-var england. Pym's characters are rather dull and lead a quiet unobtrusive life. Pym's world is the world of failure, in which men and women play games but never achieve communication. Love affairs are so dangerous that they are avoided. Solitude sometimes is best company, especially when relieved by the prosaic, mundane pleasures of food for instance. The characters invent a life of their own, in which humdrum tasks play a prominent role. Pym's writing also uses banality to emphasise the tragedy of human life. Simple words bide a profound meaning. Pym achieves this book about nothing flaubert wished for

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Sundermeyer, Miles Aaron. "Mixing in the North Atlantic tracer release experiment : observations and numerical simulations of Lagrangian particles and passive tracer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57846.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-90).
by Miles Aaron Sundermeyer.
M.S.

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Matheu, Nathalie. "Passage à l’écriture, écriture du passage : sur les traces d’adultes migrants en ateliers d’écriture." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30089.

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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la didactique de l’écrit enrichit ses réflexions et ses pratiques par les recherches menées notamment en sciences du langage et en génétique textuelle (Fabre, 1990 ; Doquet, 2011 ; Chiss, 2012). Ces travaux, qui envisagent l’écriture dans sa dynamique scripturale, s’interrogent sur la façon dont se construit l’écriture en acte (Fénoglio & Chanquoy, 2007). En effet, après les travaux de J. Derrida (1967) et de J. Goody (1977/1979), qui ont destitué l’hégémonie de la pensée logocentriste, nous ne pouvons plus réduire l’écriture à un code second, comme double représentation de la pensée et du langage qui l’oralise. L’écriture, par ses fonctions spécifiques, tisse des liens étroits avec la mémoire, à la fois par l’activation anamnésique et par l’usage averti des artefacts hypomnésiques (instrument graphique et support). Ce double jeu de la mémoire (anamnèse et hypomnèse), qui répond à celui de l’écriture, permet le passage au scriptural en orchestrant une chaîne qui, de façon symbolique, réunit voix et écriture et ouvre ainsi des espaces d’inscription du sujet écrivant. Cette réflexion épistémologique a nourri l’élaboration de séquences didactiques expérimentales favorisant le passage à l’écriture d’adultes migrants, sous la forme d’ateliers d’écriture, qui s’inscrivent dans l’introduction didactique des Arts du Langage (Meschonnic, 1982 ; Auger & Pierra, 2006 ; Aden, 2008) dans des contextes d’enseignement-apprentissage de français langue seconde (FLS). Ce dispositif a permis de construire un corpus de 74 textes manuscrits, recueillis en observation participante, en contexte associatif. L’analyse qualitative des données, en mobilisant les outils théoriques et méthodologiques de l’analyse du discours et de la génétique textuelle, s’est organisée autour d’une triple mise en perspective des notions de passage et d’écriture. L’examen des traces graphiques permet en effet de mettre au jour (1) les stratégies d’entrée des scripteurs dans l’écriture en FLS, (2) les retours sur le déjà écrit, notamment par le biais des ratures, qui donnent à voir une dialogisation interne (Bres, 1988) inhérente à la mise en écriture et (3) l’émergence des souvenirs reconstruisant le parcours migratoire, créant ainsi une écriture du passage
For the last twenty years, writing pedagogy has been enriched in reflection and practice by research, most notably, from linguistics and genetic criticism (Fabre, 1990; Doquet, 2011; Chiss, 2012). These studies, which consider writing within its scriptural dynamic, have examined the construction of the act of writing (Fénoglio & Chanquoy, 2007). In light of the contributions of J. Derrida (1967) and J. Goody (1977/1979), who dismissed the hegemony of logocentric thought, writing can effectively no longer be reduced to a secondary code, a dual representation of thought and the language that gives voice to it. With its specific functions, writing is intertwined with memory, both through anamnesic activation and the informed use of hypomnesic artifacts (writing instruments and media). The double memory game (anamnesis and hypomnesis), which contributes to the process of writing, enables the transition to the written mode by orchestrating a chain that, in a symbolic way, links voice and writing and thus opens inscriptional spaces for the writing subject. This epistemological refection supported the development of experimental instructional sessions, which took the form of writing workshops, designed to support migrant adults’ transition to writing. The workshops were implemented as part of a broader introduction to the language arts (Meschonnic, 1982; Auger & Pierra, 2006; Aden, 2008) in contexts of teaching and learning French as a second language (FSL). This arrangement allowed for the construction of a corpus of 74 textual manuscripts, collected by means of participant observation in the context of volunteer work. The qualitative analysis of data, examined through the application of theory and methods from discourse analysis and textual genetics, was organized around a three-pronged approach to the notions of transition and writing. The examination of graphic marks makes it possible to uncover (1) the initial strategies of FLS writers, (2) their reconsideration of previously written text, notably by means of deletions, which reveal inner dialogism (Bres, 1988) inherent to the production of writing, and (3) the emergence of memories that reconstruct the migrant experience, and which constitute writing in transition

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9

Seo, Daniele. "Avaliação dos teores de Br, Cl, K, Mg, Mn e V em mexilhões Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758: Mollusca, Bivalvia) coletados no litoral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-08032013-161647/.

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O ambiente costeiro tem sido fortemente alterado em função de múltiplos impactos ambientais decorrentes das atividades antrópicas, como por exemplo, o escoamento de esgoto proveniente de áreas urbanas, a liberação de inúmeros produtos químicos das indústrias, a agricultura e o fluxo de embarcações, que podem acarretar vazamentos acidentais de petróleo e derivados, combustíveis e outros produtos transportados por via marítima. Neste contexto, um dos meios para avaliação da contaminação ambiental causada por essas substâncias potencialmente tóxicas em água do mar é a monitoração por meio de diferentes espécies de bivalves, que tem sido utilizada por diversos pesquisadores, do Brasil e do exterior. No que se refere aos moluscos bivalves, particularmente os mexilhões, o seu uso no biomonitoramento da contaminação marinha deve-se principalmente à sua ampla distribuição geográfica, hábito séssil e habilidade de concentrar metais tóxicos em até 102 - 105 vezes em relação às concentrações detectadas na água. No presente trabalho, foi empregado o biomonitoramento passivo com o uso do molusco bivalve Perna perna com relação aos elementos Br, Cl, K, Mg, Mn e V. Foram escolhidos estes elementos uma vez que eles podem ser determinados pelo método de INAA (Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental), por meio da irradiação curta o que proporciona análises mais rápidas e também por serem importantes do ponto de vista nutricional ou ambiental. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os teores de Br, Cl, K, Mg, Mn e V em amostras de mexilhões Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758: Mollusca, Bivalvia) coletados em regiões costeiras de São Paulo sujeitas à contaminação antrópica (Ponta de Itaipu e Ilha das Palmas, em Santos), comparando os valores obtidos nos sítios possivelmente impactados com os valores do sítio controle situado na Praia da Cocanha, em Caraguatatuba. Os pontos de coleta no litoral de São Paulo estão localizados nas regiões geográficas 23º 37 S 45º 24 W (Caraguatatuba) e 23º 57\' S - 46º 20\' W (Santos). A coleta dos organismos foi realizada em todas as estações do ano, com início na primavera de 2008 e término no inverno de 2009. As amostras coletadas foram limpas, trituradas, homogeneizadas e secas por meio da liofilização para posterior INAA. O procedimento de INAA consistiu em irradiar alíquotas das amostras obtidas na forma de pó em invólucros de polietileno no reator nuclear IEA R1 do IPEN/CNEN - SP juntamente com padrões sintéticos de elementos. O tempo de irradiação no reator foi de 8 a 10 s e sob o fluxo de nêutrons térmicos de 6,6 x 1012 n cm-2 s-1. As concentrações dos elementos foram calculadas pelo método comparativo. O procedimento de INAA foi validado com relação à exatidão e precisão, por meio das análises dos materiais de referência certificados NIST SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue e NIST SRM 2876 Mussel Tissue. Os resultados destes materiais de referência certificados indicaram uma boa qualidade dos resultados com relação à precisão e exatidão. As faixas das concentrações (em base seca) dos elementos obtidos nos mexilhões coletados em Santos e na Praia da Cocanha para as quatro estações do ano foram de: 173,80 a 358,99 mg kg-1 para Br; 45658 ± 1811 a 109166 ± 824 mg kg-1 para Cl; 7043 ± 856 a 12506 ± 675 mg kg-1 para K; 2774 ± 211 a 5691 ± 717 mg kg-1 para Mg; 7,01 ± 0,30 a 29,74 ± 3,32 mg kg-1 para Mn e 0,77 ± 0,02 a 3,43 ± 0,28 mg kg-1 para V. Foi estudada a variação sazonal e espacial das concentrações desses elementos e também foram comparados esses resultados com valores da literatura. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode - se concluir que os mexilhões da espécie Perna perna, podem ser utilizados como biomonitores da contaminação marinha.
The coastal environment has been heavily altered by multiple environmental impacts of human activities, such as disposal of sewage from urban areas, the release of numerous chemical industries, agriculture and the flow of vessels, which can lead to accidental spills of oil and oil products, fuels and other products transported by sea. In this context, a means of determining concentrations of these potentially toxic substances in the sea water is the biomonitoring by means of different types of bivalves, which have been used by various researchers, in Brazil and other countries. With regard to bivalve mollusks, particularly mussels, their use in monitoring the marine contamination is mainly due to their wide geographic distribution, sessile habit and ability to concentrate toxic metals to 102-105 times in relation to the concentrations detected in water. In the present study, we employed the passive biomonitoring using the Perna perna bivalve mollusk with respect to the elements Br, Cl, K, Mg, Mn and V. These elements were chosen since they can be determined by INAA method (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis), by means of short irradiation which provides faster analyzes and also due to their importance from the standpoint of environmental or nutritional studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of Br, Cl, K, Mg, Mn and V in samples of Perna perna mussels (Linnaeus, 1758: Mollusca, Bivalvia) collected in coastal regions of São Paulo subject to anthropogenic contamination (Ponta de Itaipu and Palmas Island, in Santos), comparing the values obtained in sites potentially impacted with the values of the control site in Praia da Cocanha, in Caraguatatuba. The collection points located in São Paulo coast are located in the geographical areas 23º 37\'S - 45° 24\' W (Caraguatatuba) and 23º 57\'S - 46º 20\' W (Santos). The collection of organisms was performed in all seasons of the year, beginning in spring 2008 and ending in winter 2009. The samples were cleaned, crushed, homogenized and dried by lyophilization for further analysis by INAA. The INAA procedure consisted of irradiating aliquots of the samples obtained in powder form in polyethylene envelopes in the nuclear research reactor IEA - R1 of IPEN / CNEN - SP together with synthetic standards of elements. The irradiation time in the reactor was 8 to 10 s under the thermal neutron flux of 6.6 x 1012 n cm-2 s-1. The concentrations of the elements were calculated using the comparative method. The INAA procedure was validated with respect to accuracy and precision, through the analysis of certified reference materials NIST SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue and NIST SRM 2876 Mussel Tissue. The results of these certified reference materials indicated good quality of results with respect to precision and accuracy. The ranges of concentrations (dry basis weight) of the elements obtained in mussels collected in Santos and Praia da Cocanha for the four seasons of the year were: 173.80 to 358.99 mg kg-1 for Br; 45658 ± 1811 to 109166 ± 824 mg kg-1 for Cl; 7043 ± 856 to 12506 ± 675 mg kg-1 for K; 2774 ± 211 to 5691 ± 717 mg kg-1 for Mg; 7.01 ± 0.30 to 29.74 ± 3.32 mg kg-1 for Mn and 0.77 ± 0.02 to 3.43 ± 0.28 mg kg-1 for V. The seasonal and spatial variations of the concentrations of these elements were studied and the values compared to the literature. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the species of Perna perna mussels, can be used as biomonitors of marine contamination.

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10

Bohlin, Pernilla. "Passive sampling of PAHs and some trace organic compounds in occupational and residential air : needs, evaluation and limits /." Göteborg : Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2.

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11

Quirino, Valquiria Ferraz. "Evaluating the Potential for Estimating Age of Even-aged Loblolly Pine Stands Using Active and Passive Remote Sensing Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71309.

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Data from an airborne laser scanner, a dual-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DBInSAR), and Landsat were evaluated for estimating ages of even-aged loblolly pine stands in Appomattox-Buckingham State Forest, Virginia, U.S.A. The DBInSAR data were acquired using the GeoSAR sensor in summer, 2008 in both the P- and X-bands. The LiDAR data were acquired in the same summer using a small-footprint laser scanner. Loblolly pine stand ages were assigned using the establishment year of loblolly pine stands provided by the Virginia Department of Forestry. Random circular plots were established in stands which varied in age from 5 to 71 years and in site index from 21 to 29 meters (base age 25 years). LiDAR- and GeoSAR-derived independent variables were calculated. The final selected LiDAR model used common logarithm of age as the dependent variable and the 99.5th percentile of height above ground as the independent variable (R2adj = 90.2%, RMSE = 4.4 years, n=45). The final selected GeoSAR models used the reciprocal of age as the dependent variable and had three independent variables: the sum of the X-band magnitude, the 25th percentile of X/P-band magnitudes, and the 90th percentile of the X-band height above ground (R2adj = 84.1%, RMSE = 7.9 years, n=46). The Vegetation Change Tracker (VCT) algorithm was run using a digital elevation layer, a land cover map, and a series of Landsat (5 and 7) images. A comparison was made between the loblolly pine stand ages obtained using the three methods and the reference data. The results show that: (1) although most of the time VCT and reference data ages were different, the differences were normally small, (2) all three remote sensing methods produced reliable age estimates, and (3) the Landsat-VCT algorithm produced the best estimates for younger stands (5 to 22 years old, RMSEVCT=2.2 years, RMSEGeoSAR=2.6 years, RMSELiDAR=2.6 years, n=35) and the model that used LiDAR-derived variables was better for older stands. Remote sensing can be used to estimate loblolly pine stand age, though prior knowledge of site index is required for active sensors that rely primarily on the relationship between age and height.
Ph. D.

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12

Villanueva, Jessica Denila. "Suivi par capteurs passifs des polluants émergents dans les eaux de surface en contexte urbain." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14186/document.

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L’étude a pour objectif de déterminer la qualité des eaux de surface sous différentes conditions climatiques et pratiques de gestion des eaux de surface. Trois sites ont étés choisis pour: (1) la rivière Jalle de Blanquefort, (2) le lac de Bordeaux, France et (3) la rivière Pasig aux Philippines. Les sites français présentent des collecteurs d'eau qui se déversent directement dans les eaux de surface. La rivière Pasig sert de collecteur d'eaux usées en l’absence de stations de traitement des eaux usées et collectées. Au cours des campagnes de mesure, il a été possible de suivre l’impact de la variabilité climatique (pluviométrie) et d’événements aléatoires sur la qualité chimiques (éléments traces métalliques et polluants organiques) des eaux ; en combinant échantillonnage classique et par capteurs passifs. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de l'eau ainsi que les caractéristiques des particules et l'utilisation d'analyses statistiques permettent de préciser le comportement des molécules détectées et de décrire l’evolution hydrochimique des eaux de surface urbaines et estuariennes vis-à-vis d’aléas climatiques contrastés
The study aimed to assess the water quality of the surface water in differingclimate conditions and management practices. Three interesting sites were chosen, (1)Jalle River and (2) Bordeaux Lac both in France and the (3) Pasig River in thePhilippines. The French sites have rainfall and run-off collectors that directly dischargewater to the water bodies. Pasig River, on the other hand, becomes a waste collector aswaste management and treatment plant are lacking. Trace metals and organics(pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and drugs) were measured. Conventional andpassive sampling approches were employed. The mass fluxes were obtained in order tocalculate the pollution transport. Physico-chemical properties and the particlecharacteristics, integrating statistical analyses, facilitated in explaining the behavior of themeasured molecules and describing the hydrological system in relation to climatevariability

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13

Gower, Daniel W. Jr. "Speech intelligibility in tracked vehicles and pink noise under active noise reduction and passive attenuation communications headsets." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38410.

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Speech intelligibility tests using three headset systems, two passive and one with active noise reduction technology, were conducted. Nine listeners, six males and three females, responded to 180 50-word Modified Rhyme Word Lists presented under two noise conditions, two conditions of bilateral phase reversal of the speech signal, and the three headset systems. These three independent variables were studied in a full factorial within-subjects design. The noise conditions were pink noise and recordings from the troop carrying compartment of a u.S. Army M-2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (tank noise having substantial low frequency energy). Phase reversal of the speech signal was also tested for its effect on speech intelligibility. The three headset systems were the David Clark Noise Attenuating Aviation Headset, and the Bose Aviation Headset used in both its passive and active mode. Active noise reduction technology employs the physical principle of constructive and destructive interference by creating signals which are identical to the noise under the earmuff but out of phase by 180 degrees. This technology is most effective at frequencies below 1000 Hz. Results showed that the Bose headset in its active mode required a significantly higher speech-to-noise ratio in both noise environments than the two passive headset systems to achieve the 70% level of speech intelligibility, the dependent variable in this study. The mean speech level under the Bose headset in its active mode was 2.8 dB higher in tank noise and 3.5 dB higher in pink noise than under the David Clark headset. The Bose headset in the active mode, however, provided a greater degree of broadband attenuation especially in the lower frequency range, e.g. < 630 Hz. Phase reversal proved to be of no benefit to performance in either noise environment. The pink noise proved to be the harsher environment for speech intelligibility than did the tank noise, primarily due to the increased levels in the speech bandwidth. Articulation Index scores for the three headset systems evidenced that the differences in performance among the three headset systems were in part the result of better earphone response characteristics in the principal speech bandwidth (600 - 4000 Hz) in conjunction with the strong attenuation performance of the David Clark headset in that same range. It is suggested that, in the absence of better earphone response characteristics and a broader bandwidth of active noise reduction performance, speech intelligibility is no better under active noise reduction headsets than under quality passive headsets. Further, the levels of speech intelligibility attained by active noise reduction headsets are at a cost of increased signal strength and higher purchase price.
Ph. D.

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14

Gower, Daniel W. "Speech intelligibility in tracked vehicle and pink noise under active noise reduction and passive attenuation communications headsets /." This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170444/.

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15

Hankin, Barry Gwyn. "Modelling the dispersion of a passive tracer in complex open channel flows using random walk, particle tracking techniques." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296886.

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16

Watkins, Eric Andrew. "Development of Potential Remote Coal Mine Fire Response Measures: Use of Multiple Passive Source Tracers and Simulation of High Expansion Foam Flow in Simulated Gob Material." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83788.

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This thesis examines potential improvements to current coal mine fire response measures. In the event of a fire scenario, indirect testing and analysis of the exhausting air is needed to characterize changes in the fire. The application of multiple passive source tracers provides improved detail of complex ventilation interactions over an extended period of time. The first work in this thesis details the testing of the passive release rates for three Perfluorocarbon tracer compounds over a 180-day period. The results of this study demonstrate the ability for the permeation plug release vessel design to release Perfluorocarbon tracers at a steady rate. Current response methods for a fire in a coal mine gob consist of injection of inert gas and sealing of the mine openings. Injection of high expansion foam into the gob from the surface has potential to improve extinguishment of the fire and reduce the time needed to bring the mine back to an operational state. The applicability of this method requires computational modeling and field testing. The second part of this thesis determines the Darcy and Forchheimer values for high expansion foam flow in simulated gob material with a lab experiment. The experiment was replicated in the CFD software, OpenFOAM, to validate the methods for calculation of the Darcy and Forchheimer values. The results of this study provide a tested methodology for a future full scale modeling of high expansion foam injection in a coal mine gob.
Master of Science

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Flynn, Ross Christopher. "Persistence of diatoms as trace evidence in clothing fabrics: The effects of active removal (machine washing) and passive removal (time and environment)." Thesis, Flynn, Ross Christopher (2021) Persistence of diatoms as trace evidence in clothing fabrics: The effects of active removal (machine washing) and passive removal (time and environment). Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63158/.

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Literature available in the field of forensics covering terrestrial-based evidence is comprehensive; however, many aspects of aquatic environmental evidence have yet to be well researched. One such developing area of aquatic evidence is that of diatoms, a major group of unicellular algae that exist in natural bodies of both fresh and marine waters. Due to their unique qualities and characteristics, diatoms have the potential to be used as evidence of contact with specific water sources. While initially used in forensics to aid drowning diagnoses, more recent case studies and research have investigated diatoms in the context of their use as a form of trace evidence, as well as factors affecting initial transfer and subsequent extraction. This research was the first to investigate factors affecting the persistence of diatoms in fabrics in both passive and active removal pressure contexts. The pressure environments selected represent realistic case circumstances, in which someone may discard (passively affect), or machine wash (actively affect) their clothing after its exposure to diatoms. Additionally, this study investigated whether cross contamination of diatoms could occur between diatom enriched fabrics and blank fabrics within a washing machine environment. Both experiments' test fabrics were immersed in diatom enriched waters containing equal parts C. Muelleri and Navicula sp. species at 2,000,000 dv/mL. The passive removal experiment tested the influence of exposure (indoor and outdoor environments) and time (week 1/2/3/4/8/12) on the concentration of diatoms across three various fabrics (cotton knit/denim weave/polyester knit). The active removal experiment tested the machine type (front loader/top loader), wash temperature (warm ~40°C/cold) and the number of washes (1/2/3) on concentrations within DEFs, in addition to testing for cross contamination using blank fabrics within the washing load. Diatoms were extracted from fabrics using the established H2O2 method and quantified under a compound light microscope (CLM) at 400x magnification. The passive experiment (PE) showed that exposure environment and time both played an important role in diatom persistence, with concentration reductions occurring much quicker initially outdoors compared to indoors, but still featuring notable loss for the indoor group during experiment. Rainfall was noted as heavier on average when the outdoor group lost the majority of its diatom concentrations. The active experiment (AE) showed that the number of washes most greatly impacted the concentration, followed by machine type, followed by wash temperature and these trends were consistent across all tested fabrics. By the first wash all groups still contained diatoms, however at a much lower concentration, and by the second, mostly the top loader washes still contained quantifiable diatoms and by the third wash none of the groups contained quantifiable diatoms. Front loader washes removed diatoms from clothing more effectively than top loaders, and within these machine groups, warm washes were more effective at removal than cold washes. Trends observed in the PE and AE were mostly consistent across all varieties of fabrics tested. Additionally, the AE showed that cross contamination between DEFs and blank fabrics was possible, however at relatively low levels. Across both the passive and active experiments, it is consistently shown that time is of the utmost importance when it comes to retrieving DEF evidence as diatoms appear to be lost passively over time even when left alone in different environments in addition to being vulnerable to machine washing removal.

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18

Jong, Edmund Chime. "Development and Evaluation of a Permeation Plug Release Vessel (PPRV) for the Release of Perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH) in Underground Mine Tracer Gas Studies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24912.

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The use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer gas for analyzing underground mine ventilation systems has been practiced for over 30 years. As a result, the methods used to release, sample, and analyze SF6 are well accepted. Although improvements are still being made to enhance the analysis of this tracer, the overall technique remains largely the same. However, as the complexity and size of underground mine ventilation networks increase, coupled with steadily rising SF6 background levels, the ability of a single gas to function as a convenient, rapid means of analysis diminishes. The utilization of multiple tracer gases can mitigate these problems by allowing for a more comprehensive evaluation using multi-zone techniques. A well-documented alternative in HVAC studies to SF6 as a tracer are perfluorocarbon tracers (PFT). Many PFTs exist as volatile liquids at room temperature and pressure. This characteristic prevents a PFT from being released using the same technique as SF6. This paper introduces a passive release method for PMCH. Details about the development of the permeation plug release vessel (PPRV) from creating a GC calibration curve for vapor PMCH to the final field evaluation are presented. The following study successfully developed a mine-scale PPRV. The PPRV is designed to passively deploy PMCH vapor at linear. An equation was derived in this study that allows the prediction of the release rate as a function of temperature and plug thickness. Details regarding the development of the PPRV from preliminary laboratory studies to final field evaluations are provided.
Ph. D.

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19

Kumar, Ratnesh. "Segmentation vidéo et suivi d'objets multiples." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4135/document.

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Dans cette thèse nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes d'analyse vidéo. La première contribution de cette thèse concerne le domaine de la segmentation de vidéos avec pour objectif d'obtenir une segmentation dense et spatio-temporellement cohérente. Nous proposons de combiner les aspects spatiaux et temporels d'une vidéo en une seule notion, celle de Fibre. Une fibre est un ensemble de trajectoires qui sont spatialement connectées par un maillage. Les fibres sont construites en évaluant simultanément les aspects spatiaux et temporels. Par rapport a l’état de l'art une segmentation de vidéo a base de fibres présente comme avantages d’accéder naturellement au voisinage grâce au maillage et aux correspondances temporelles pour la plupart des pixels de la vidéo. De plus, cette segmentation à base de fibres a une complexité quasi linéaire par rapport au nombre de pixels. La deuxième contribution de cette thèse concerne le suivi d'objets multiples. Nous proposons une approche de suivi qui utilise des caractéristiques des points suivis, la cinématique des objets suivis et l'apparence globale des détections. L'unification de toutes ces caractéristiques est effectuée avec un champ conditionnel aléatoire. Ensuite ce modèle est optimisé en combinant les techniques de passage de message et une variante de processus ICM (Iterated Conditional Modes) pour inférer les trajectoires d'objet. Une troisième contribution mineure consiste dans le développement d'un descripteur pour la mise en correspondance d'apparences de personne. Toutes les approches proposées obtiennent des résultats compétitifs ou meilleurs (qualitativement et quantitativement) que l’état de l'art sur des base de données
In this thesis we propose novel algorithms for video analysis. The first contribution of this thesis is in the domain of video segmentation wherein the objective is to obtain a dense and coherent spatio-temporal segmentation. We propose joining both spatial and temporal aspects of a video into a single notion Fiber. A fiber is a set of trajectories which are spatially connected by a mesh. Fibers are built by jointly assessing spatial and temporal aspects of the video. Compared to the state-of-the-art, a fiber based video segmentation presents advantages such as a natural spatio-temporal neighborhood accessor by a mesh, and temporal correspondences for most pixels in the video. Furthermore, this fiber-based segmentation is of quasi-linear complexity w.r.t. the number of pixels. The second contribution is in the realm of multiple object tracking. We proposed a tracking approach which utilizes cues from point tracks, kinematics of moving objects and global appearance of detections. Unification of all these cues is performed on a Conditional Random Field. Subsequently this model is optimized by a combination of message passing and an Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) variant to infer object-trajectories. A third, minor, contribution relates to the development of suitable feature descriptor for appearance matching of persons. All of our proposed approaches achieve competitive and better results (both qualitatively and quantitatively) than state-of-the-art on open source datasets

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Golan, Jonathan. "An Explorative Study of Interaction with Tracked Objects in a Virtual Reality Game." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264571.

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In recent years, Internet enabled objects (Internet of Things) and their augmentation through virtual reality has become both technically possible and increasingly advanced. This paper explores how interaction between physical IoTs and their virtual and digital twins can be advanced. Three virtual reality games focusing on three different interactions were created. One game focused on rotating, another on pushing and pulling, and a third on lifting and dropping. All games revolved around the use of real tracked cardboard boxes which were represented in the games by a virtual box in the same relative position and rotation to the player, allowing participants to manipulate the virtual boxes by manipulating the physical boxes. 14 participants were asked to play the games and were afterwards interviewed in regards to the games, their interactions with them, their enjoyability and their thoughts regarding them and the concept in general. The results were acquired from game performance, the reflections of the participants, and the subsequent analysis of recorded audio and video. The study presents the difficulties, challenges and opportunities of such a system, while also providing insight into lessons learned from the creation of the system and the games. The main contributions of the paper are the lessons learned in creating the games and experiences in addition to a few specific areas of interest for future research on the area, namely the importance of ergonomic consideration and affordance evaluation.
De senaste åren har föremål kopplade till Internet (Internet of Things eller Sakernas Internet) och deras augmentering genom virtuell verklighet både blivit möjligt och mer tekniskt avancerat. Denna rapport utforskar hur interaktioner mellan fysiska IoT föremål och deras virtuella och digitala tvillingar kan förbättras. Tre VR-spel med fokus på tre olika interaktioner utvecklades. Ett av spelen fokuserade på rotation, ett annat på rörelsen fram och tillbaka, och det tredje på rörelsen upp och ner. Alla spel involverade användandet av riktiga kartonglådor som representerades i spelet av en virtuell låda i samma position och rotation i relation till spelaren, vilket lät spelaren manipulera de virtuella lådorna genom att manipulera de fysiska lådorna. 14 deltagare ombads spela spelen och intervjuades i efterhand angående spelen, interaktionerna, underhållningsvärdet och deras tankar kring konceptet. Resultaten kom från deltagarnas prestationer i spelen, deras reflektioner och efterföljande analys av inspelad audio och video. Studien presenterar svårigheter, utmaningar och möjligheter hos det beskrivna systemet och delar med sig av insikter från skapandeprocessen av systemet och spelen. Studiens huvudsakliga bidrag är de nämnda insikterna från skapandeprocessen samt ett par specifika intresseområden för framtida forskning: vikten av hänsyn till ergonomi och utvärdering av affordans.

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21

Liaghati, Tania. "Trace metal geochemistry and weathering mineralogy in a quaternary coastal plain, Bells Creek catchment, Pumicestone Passage, Southeast Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15998/1/Tania_Liaghati_Thesis.pdf.

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The Bells Creek catchment covers an area of 100 km2 in the northern part of the Pumicestone Passage region of southeast Queensland. This catchment is an example of a low-lying sub-tropical coastal plain including both freshwater and estuarine settings. The main creeks drain into Pumicestone Passage, a large shallow estuary, which is a declared marine habitat and a Ramsar listed wading bird location. The Bells Creek catchment has undergone land-use change from bushland to grazing to pine plantations and is now coming under pressure for urban development. Quaternary age unconsolidated sediments are the dominant surface material in this area and formed during the last marine transgression. Of significance for such a setting is that estuarine sediments can retain metals mobilised as a result of natural processes (e.g. weathering) and anthropogenic activities (e.g. land-use disturbance). As trace metals can also occur naturally in rocks and their weathered products, it is of value to clearly distinguish natural and anthropogenic controls over metal source, distribution and mobility. To achieve this aim two approaches were taken: 1) to determine the factors controlling the geochemistry of weathered profiles, unconsolidated sediments, soils and natural waters, and 2) to identify the most effective analytical and numerical methods for evaluating metal concentration in different solid materials. This investigation is structured around four linked papers. The influence of mineralogy, geological setting, location of water table and depth of burial on the geochemistry of weathered profile are assessed in Paper 1. The second paper is an investigation of different analytical approaches for studying weathered sedimentary rocks, as well as the testing of several numerical methods for evaluating geochemical data from weathered profiles. In paper 3, a large heterogeneous geochemical data set including trace metals, total organic carbon and sulfur content, in addition to mineralogy and land use practices are integrated to enable evaluation of geochemical and anthropogenic processes controlling metal distribution. The fourth paper considers the distribution of iron and its transport as well as variations in size and morphology of different forms of framboidal pyrite within a smaller sub-catchment in the southern part of the study area. The labile and heterogeneous nature of the bedrock of the region, the Landsborough Sandstone, along with the sub-tropical climate of the area have resulted in weathering profiles up to 26 m deep. Due to the absence of industrial activity in the Bells Creek catchment, such weathering of the bedrock constitutes the major process governing metal distribution throughout the area. Analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the primary minerals occurring in the weathered profiles are quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspars while kaolinite is the most dominant secondary mineral present. Overall, parent rock silicates have been extensively replaced by clay minerals and Fe oxides. The relative influence of mineralogy, geological setting and groundwater over chemical weathering and geochemical cycling of metals can be summarised as follows: Mineralogy>geological setting>watertable position>depth of profile burial As the relationship between the total metal composition and the extractable and mobile component has environmental significance, a comparison was made between these forms of metals in weathered material. This comparison shows that metals such as V, Cr and Fe are part of the aluminosilicate matrix and remain largely in primary mineral structures. The retention of these metals may lead to their future release to the environment during on-going weathering. Other elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, however, are found to be primarily adsorbed to sediment particles and therefore, easily releasable to the environment. As limited information on weathering of sedimentary rocks is reported in the literature, a variety of chemical analysis and numerical assessment methods were used to understand the geochemical processes involved in trace metal mobility in the weathered profiles. Two analytical methods of digestion, hydrofluoric acid and x-ray fluorescence were tested and found to be highly comparable except for refractory elements such as V and Cr. Among the numerical methods applied to the dataset were "chemical and mineralogical indices", "weight loss factor" and "immobile element approach". The "immobile element approach" was found to be the most appropriate method to characterise the weathering profiles typical of the catchment. This method considers a weathering system to be open and transforms the absolute values of trace metals enabling a quantitative evaluation of metal mobility. The following sequence of mobility was determined after applying this method to the data generated in this study: Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>V The above sequence of mobility is supported by the comparison between extractable and total metal concentrations where Cr and V were identified as being part of aluminosilicate matrix and less mobile. On the other hand, Zn, Pb and Cu were found to exist in adsorbed form and to be readily released to the environment. Trace elements released through weathering and erosion of the bedrock can accumulate in estuarine and coastal sediments. Therefore, both the lateral and vertical distribution of trace metals within sediments and soils of Bells Creek catchment were investigated. Natural and anthropogenic factors controlling metal distribution were compared and it was concluded that the natural sediment character such as its mineral content is more significant than anthropogenic influences in controlling lateral and vertical metal distribution. Further, due to varying degrees of weathering and the heterogeneous nature of soils and sediments, the data were normalised. After testing several methods, it was concluded that calculation of an enrichment factor was the most appropriate. The enrichment factor revealed that elevated trace metal concentrations at some sites are due to bedrock weathering. Due to the environmental persistence of iron, excess of this common metal has always been of environmental concern in many coastal settings. In the small Halls Creek sub-catchment, for example, iron anomalies were detected in bottom sediments (Fe up to 14%). This finding has significance in the area, as iron has been identified as one of the major contributors in the growth of the toxic cyanobacteria "Lyngbya majuscula" which can negatively impact on aquatic fauna. Iron concentrations were also shown to be high in natural stream waters of this coastal zone (up to 16 mg/L); in the bottom sediments of the creek, iron occurs as hematite (freshwater section) or pyrite (estuarine section). A variety of pyrite morphologies were identified in both bottom sediments and particulate matter samples including spherical closely packed framboids, and the rare form of euhedra which indicates slow crystallisation. The different components of this investigation have: 1) established the order and extent to which natural factors control weathering, 2) tested a number of analytical and numerical methods in evaluating weathering profiles, 3) assessed natural and anthropogenic factors and established the mobility sequence for trace metals in weathered profiles and, 4) determined the iron mineral speciation and established morphological variations of pyrite. As the area of Bells Creek catchment will be under development pressure in the future, findings of this study represent a baseline of comparison for environmental assessment and are of importance for environmental management.

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22

Liaghati, Tania. "Trace metal geochemistry and weathering mineralogy in a quaternary coastal plain, Bells Creek catchment, Pumicestone Passage, Southeast Queensland, Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15998/.

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Abstract:

The Bells Creek catchment covers an area of 100 km2 in the northern part of the Pumicestone Passage region of southeast Queensland. This catchment is an example of a low-lying sub-tropical coastal plain including both freshwater and estuarine settings. The main creeks drain into Pumicestone Passage, a large shallow estuary, which is a declared marine habitat and a Ramsar listed wading bird location. The Bells Creek catchment has undergone land-use change from bushland to grazing to pine plantations and is now coming under pressure for urban development. Quaternary age unconsolidated sediments are the dominant surface material in this area and formed during the last marine transgression. Of significance for such a setting is that estuarine sediments can retain metals mobilised as a result of natural processes (e.g. weathering) and anthropogenic activities (e.g. land-use disturbance). As trace metals can also occur naturally in rocks and their weathered products, it is of value to clearly distinguish natural and anthropogenic controls over metal source, distribution and mobility. To achieve this aim two approaches were taken: 1) to determine the factors controlling the geochemistry of weathered profiles, unconsolidated sediments, soils and natural waters, and 2) to identify the most effective analytical and numerical methods for evaluating metal concentration in different solid materials. This investigation is structured around four linked papers. The influence of mineralogy, geological setting, location of water table and depth of burial on the geochemistry of weathered profile are assessed in Paper 1. The second paper is an investigation of different analytical approaches for studying weathered sedimentary rocks, as well as the testing of several numerical methods for evaluating geochemical data from weathered profiles. In paper 3, a large heterogeneous geochemical data set including trace metals, total organic carbon and sulfur content, in addition to mineralogy and land use practices are integrated to enable evaluation of geochemical and anthropogenic processes controlling metal distribution. The fourth paper considers the distribution of iron and its transport as well as variations in size and morphology of different forms of framboidal pyrite within a smaller sub-catchment in the southern part of the study area. The labile and heterogeneous nature of the bedrock of the region, the Landsborough Sandstone, along with the sub-tropical climate of the area have resulted in weathering profiles up to 26 m deep. Due to the absence of industrial activity in the Bells Creek catchment, such weathering of the bedrock constitutes the major process governing metal distribution throughout the area. Analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the primary minerals occurring in the weathered profiles are quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspars while kaolinite is the most dominant secondary mineral present. Overall, parent rock silicates have been extensively replaced by clay minerals and Fe oxides. The relative influence of mineralogy, geological setting and groundwater over chemical weathering and geochemical cycling of metals can be summarised as follows: Mineralogy>geological setting>watertable position>depth of profile burial As the relationship between the total metal composition and the extractable and mobile component has environmental significance, a comparison was made between these forms of metals in weathered material. This comparison shows that metals such as V, Cr and Fe are part of the aluminosilicate matrix and remain largely in primary mineral structures. The retention of these metals may lead to their future release to the environment during on-going weathering. Other elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, however, are found to be primarily adsorbed to sediment particles and therefore, easily releasable to the environment. As limited information on weathering of sedimentary rocks is reported in the literature, a variety of chemical analysis and numerical assessment methods were used to understand the geochemical processes involved in trace metal mobility in the weathered profiles. Two analytical methods of digestion, hydrofluoric acid and x-ray fluorescence were tested and found to be highly comparable except for refractory elements such as V and Cr. Among the numerical methods applied to the dataset were "chemical and mineralogical indices", "weight loss factor" and "immobile element approach". The "immobile element approach" was found to be the most appropriate method to characterise the weathering profiles typical of the catchment. This method considers a weathering system to be open and transforms the absolute values of trace metals enabling a quantitative evaluation of metal mobility. The following sequence of mobility was determined after applying this method to the data generated in this study: Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>V The above sequence of mobility is supported by the comparison between extractable and total metal concentrations where Cr and V were identified as being part of aluminosilicate matrix and less mobile. On the other hand, Zn, Pb and Cu were found to exist in adsorbed form and to be readily released to the environment. Trace elements released through weathering and erosion of the bedrock can accumulate in estuarine and coastal sediments. Therefore, both the lateral and vertical distribution of trace metals within sediments and soils of Bells Creek catchment were investigated. Natural and anthropogenic factors controlling metal distribution were compared and it was concluded that the natural sediment character such as its mineral content is more significant than anthropogenic influences in controlling lateral and vertical metal distribution. Further, due to varying degrees of weathering and the heterogeneous nature of soils and sediments, the data were normalised. After testing several methods, it was concluded that calculation of an enrichment factor was the most appropriate. The enrichment factor revealed that elevated trace metal concentrations at some sites are due to bedrock weathering. Due to the environmental persistence of iron, excess of this common metal has always been of environmental concern in many coastal settings. In the small Halls Creek sub-catchment, for example, iron anomalies were detected in bottom sediments (Fe up to 14%). This finding has significance in the area, as iron has been identified as one of the major contributors in the growth of the toxic cyanobacteria "Lyngbya majuscula" which can negatively impact on aquatic fauna. Iron concentrations were also shown to be high in natural stream waters of this coastal zone (up to 16 mg/L); in the bottom sediments of the creek, iron occurs as hematite (freshwater section) or pyrite (estuarine section). A variety of pyrite morphologies were identified in both bottom sediments and particulate matter samples including spherical closely packed framboids, and the rare form of euhedra which indicates slow crystallisation. The different components of this investigation have: 1) established the order and extent to which natural factors control weathering, 2) tested a number of analytical and numerical methods in evaluating weathering profiles, 3) assessed natural and anthropogenic factors and established the mobility sequence for trace metals in weathered profiles and, 4) determined the iron mineral speciation and established morphological variations of pyrite. As the area of Bells Creek catchment will be under development pressure in the future, findings of this study represent a baseline of comparison for environmental assessment and are of importance for environmental management.

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23

Howell, Jamie Robert. "Learning through stories : An investigation into how Tracks Rites of Passage Programme impacts on the development of young men and their family systems." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Leadership, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7611.

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The Tracks rites of passage are processes that mark the adolescent transition, for the participant, the family and the community, between the two life stages of childhood and adulthood. Adolescent initiation rites offer a community led journey of separation, transition and integration as a way to work meaningfully with adolescents as they move between the life stages of childhood into adulthood. In Aotearoa/New Zealand the Tracks programme provides a five day contemporary rite of passage for adolescents and, where possible, their fathers. The rite of passage is based on the assumption that adolescents need opportunities to find their voices and make meaning if they are to become more aware of who they are and where they belong. The methodology recognises that I, as researcher and insider in the Tracks organisation, needed to develop a holistic approach to insider research so that I could call on my understandings of the organisation and also guard against bias. The holistic approach involves the four interpenetrating strategies of appreciative inquiry, narrative inquiry, a blend of approaches to self-study that include meditation and critical reflection, and most importantly organic inquiry. The four strategies are based on coherence theories that describe learning as being organic, interconnected and emergent. Data were gathered from interviews and cycles of critical self-reflection in the form of a learning journal. Data comes from interviews with the mother or fathers and young men of six families who have participated in the Tracks rite of passage programme. I have also discussed this work with a number of professionals in the field of youth work. The project found that Tracks had created conditions that empowered these young men with an increased capacity to make sense of their lives. Fathers expressed how challenging and rewarding they had found it to speak in honest terms with their sons, and that they were supported to do the inner work necessary to be able to speak in such ways. All of the family members expressed a need to have more support after the event. The findings suggest a need to explore further the nature of the work happening at Tracks. It validates Lashlie’s (2005) theory that adolescents need their fathers and other men to be involved in their lives at the time of transition. Tracks also helps fathers to get to grips with the inner work of developing emotional maturity. The work happening at Tracks invites further research into and debate on the value of emotional intelligence. The Tracks rite of passage offers an alternative perspective to understand the unacceptably high rates of adolescent morbidity and mortality happening in New Zealand.

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24

Braun, Joanne. "Box Turtles, Terrapene carolina, as Potential Seed Dispersers: Effects of Passage Through Digestive Tracts on Seed Germination." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625298.

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25

Lelarge, Maria Lidia Meideros Vignol. "Thermochronologie par la méthode des traces de fission d'une marge passive (dôme de Ponta Grossa, se Brésil) et au sein d'une chaîne de collision (zone externe de l'arc alpin, France)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603209.

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La méthode de datation par les traces de fission sur apatite a été appliquée dans deux contextes différents: une marge passive (dôme de Ponta Grossa dans l'état du Paraná au sud-est du Brésil) et une chaine de collision (massifs de Belledonne et du grand Châtelard, ainsi que la zone dauphinoise interne, dans les Alpes occidentales françaises). L'objectif de ce mémoire était de retracer l'histoire du refroidissement des roches de ces deux régions et dans une certaine mesure d'établir une chronologie des processus géodynamiques qui s'y sont produits. Les apatites du dôme de Ponta Grossa ont enregistré le refroidissement provoqué par la surrection-érosion de la serra do mar, chaïne montagneuse qui longe la côte sud-est brésilienne. La serra do mar correspond probablement a une réponse tardive à l'ouverture de l'Atlantique sud, qui s'est effectuée vers 120 MA aux environs de la latitude 26s. Les âges tracés de fission (tf) apparents des 21 échantillons analyses s'échelonnent entre 100 MA et 80 MA. L'analyse des résultats tf sur apatite, obtenus sur les 33 échantillons alpins, indique que l'histoire du refroidissement de cette région est extrêmement complexe. Les âges apparents tf sont compris entre 7,5 MA et 1,7 MA. Les taux de dénudation sont variables selon le secteur étudié et expriment ainsi un comportement différent vis-à-vis des processus tectoniques. Depuis le miocène supérieur jusqu'a 1 MA, les taux de dénudation apparents sont estimes a 0,4 mm/an pour le massif de Belledonne et à 0,7 mm/an pour le grand Châtelard et la zone du flysch. A partir d'un million d'années jusqu'à l'actuel le taux de dénudation apparent augmente et devient de l'ordre de 2 mm/an, pour l'ensemble de la région

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26

Pöschke, Patrick. "Influence of Molecular Diffusion on the Transport of Passive Tracers in 2D Laminar Flows." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19526.

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In dieser Arbeit betrachten wir das Strömungs-Diffusions-(Reaktions)-Problem für passive Markerteilchen, die in zweidimensionalen laminaren Strömungsmustern mit geringem thermischem Rauschen gelöst sind. Der deterministische Fluss umfasst Zellen in Form von Quadraten oder Katzenaugen. In ihnen tritt Rotationsbewegung auf. Einige der Strömungen bestehen aus wellenförmigen Bereichen mit gerader Vorwärtsbewegung. Alle Systeme sind entweder periodisch oder durch Wände begrenzt. Eine untersuchte Familie von Strömungen interpoliert kontinuierlich zwischen Reihen von Wirbeln und Scherflüssen. Wir analysieren zahlreiche numerische Simulationen, die bisherige theoretische Vorhersagen bestätigen und neue Phänomene offenbaren. Ohne Rauschen sind die Teilchen in einzelnen Bestandteilen des Flusses für immer gefangen. Durch Hinzufügen von schwachem thermischen Rauschen wird die normale Diffusion für lange Zeiten stark verstärkt und führt zu verschiedenen Diffusionsarten für mittlere Zeiten. Mit Continuous-Time-Random-Walk-Modellen leiten wir analytische Ausdrücke in Übereinstimmung mit den numerischen Ergebnissen her, die je nach Parametern, Anfangsbedingungen und Alterungszeiten von subdiffusiver bis superballistischer anomaler Diffusion für mittlere Zeiten reichen. Wir sehen deutlich, dass einige der früheren Vorhersagen nur für Teilchen gelten, die an der Separatrix des Flusses starten - der einzige Fall, der in der Vergangenheit ausführlich betrachtet wurde - und dass das System zu vollkommen anderem Verhalten in anderen Situationen führen kann, einschließlich einem Schwingenden beim Start im Zentrum einesWirbels nach einer gewissen Alterungszeit. Darüber hinaus enthüllen die Simulationen, dass Teilchenreaktionen dort häufiger auftreten, wo sich die Geschwindigkeit der Strömung stark ändert, was dazu führt, dass langsame Teilchen von schnelleren getroffen werden, die ihnen folgen. Die umfangreichen numerischen Simulationen, die für diese Arbeit durchgeführt wurden, mussten jetzt durchgeführt werden, da wir die Rechenleistung dafür besitzen.
In this thesis, we consider the advection-diffusion-(reaction) problem for passive tracer particles suspended in two-dimensional laminar flow patterns with small thermal noise. The deterministic flow comprises cells in the shape of either squares or cat’s eyes. Rotational motion occurs inside them. Some of the flows consist of sinusoidal regions of straight forward motion. All systems are either periodic or are bounded by walls. One examined family of flows continuously interpolates between arrays of eddies and shear flows. We analyse extensive numerical simulations, which confirm previous theoretical predictions as well as reveal new phenomena. Without noise, particles are trapped forever in single building blocks of the flow. Adding small thermal noise, leads to largely enhanced normal diffusion for long times and several kinds of diffusion for intermediate times. Using continuous time random walk models, we derive analytical expressions in accordance with numerical results, ranging from subdiffusive to superballistic anomalous diffusion for intermediate times depending on parameters, initial conditions and aging time. We clearly see, that some of the previous predictions are only true for particles starting at the separatrix of the flow - the only case considered in depth in the past - and that the system might show a vastly different behavior in other situations, including an oscillatory one, when starting in the center of an eddy after a certain aging time. Furthermore, simulations reveal that particle reactions occur more frequently at positions where the velocity of the flow changes the most, resulting in slow particles being hit by faster ones following them. The extensive numerical simulations performed for this thesis had to be done now that we have the computational means to do so. Machines are powerful tools in order to gain a deeper and more detailed insight into the dynamics of many complicated dynamical and stochastic systems.

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27

Lapointe, Frédérique, and Frédérique Lapointe. "Tracer son chemin : la transition à la vie adulte des femmes ayant expérimenté l'itinérance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37561.

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Certains groupes de la population sans domicile fixe sont identifiés comme particulièrement vulnérables. Les femmes et les jeunes adultes en font partie. En plus d’être spécifiquement touchées par certaines formes d’adversité au courant de leur vécu de rue, ces franges minorisées des populations en situation d’itinérance sont rarement représentées dans les politiques sociales et les dénombrements entourant ce phénomène. Le but de cette recherche est de faire entendre les voix de femmes ayant expérimenté l’itinérance sur la façon dont elles vivent ou ont vécu leur transition à la vie adulte. Prenant appui sur la perspective intersectionnelle socioconstructionniste, cette étude a cherché à éclairer leur expérience et leur compréhension de leur situation, tout en mettant en lumière les mécanismes d’oppression et les stratégies de résistance présents dans leur parcours. Misant sur une approche narrative, cette recherche qualitative a été réalisée par le biais d’entretiens individuels auprès de cinq jeunes femmes afin de recueillir le récit personnel de leur passage à la vie adulte. Ainsi, le parcours singulier de chacune de ces femmes de même que les similitudes et les différences entre leurs situations respectives ont été analysées pour mieux comprendre leurs expériences semblables et variables de l’itinérance au cours du passage à la vie adulte. Les résultats décrivent des parcours faits de départs, de nouvelles rencontres et de prises de décisions menant vers diverses situations de revenus et d’hébergement. Au-delà des interprétations qu’elles font de leur vécu respectif, les participantes éclairent les mécanismes d’oppression auxquels elles sont confrontées, incluant diverses formes de mise à l’écart et de violence, ainsi que les stratégies qu’elles emploient pour améliorer leur sort.
Certains groupes de la population sans domicile fixe sont identifiés comme particulièrement vulnérables. Les femmes et les jeunes adultes en font partie. En plus d’être spécifiquement touchées par certaines formes d’adversité au courant de leur vécu de rue, ces franges minorisées des populations en situation d’itinérance sont rarement représentées dans les politiques sociales et les dénombrements entourant ce phénomène. Le but de cette recherche est de faire entendre les voix de femmes ayant expérimenté l’itinérance sur la façon dont elles vivent ou ont vécu leur transition à la vie adulte. Prenant appui sur la perspective intersectionnelle socioconstructionniste, cette étude a cherché à éclairer leur expérience et leur compréhension de leur situation, tout en mettant en lumière les mécanismes d’oppression et les stratégies de résistance présents dans leur parcours. Misant sur une approche narrative, cette recherche qualitative a été réalisée par le biais d’entretiens individuels auprès de cinq jeunes femmes afin de recueillir le récit personnel de leur passage à la vie adulte. Ainsi, le parcours singulier de chacune de ces femmes de même que les similitudes et les différences entre leurs situations respectives ont été analysées pour mieux comprendre leurs expériences semblables et variables de l’itinérance au cours du passage à la vie adulte. Les résultats décrivent des parcours faits de départs, de nouvelles rencontres et de prises de décisions menant vers diverses situations de revenus et d’hébergement. Au-delà des interprétations qu’elles font de leur vécu respectif, les participantes éclairent les mécanismes d’oppression auxquels elles sont confrontées, incluant diverses formes de mise à l’écart et de violence, ainsi que les stratégies qu’elles emploient pour améliorer leur sort.
Some groups of the homeless population are identified as particularly vulnerable. Women and young adults are part of them. In addition to being specifically affected by certain forms of adversity when they are on the streets, these minority fringes of homelessness are rarely represented in social policies and are not included in the numbers regarding this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to put forward the experience of transition to adulthood of women who experience, or have experienced, homelessness. Drawing on the intersectional socioconstructionist perspective, this study sought to shed light on their path and understanding of their situation, while highlighting the mechanisms of oppression and the strategies of resistance. Using a narrative approach, this qualitative research was conducted through individual interviews with five young women. Thus, each of these women's unique pathways as well as the similarities and differences between their respective situations were analyzed to better understand their similar and variable experiences of homelessness during the pathway of adult life. The results describe journeys made of departures, new encounters and decision-making leading to various income and housing situations. Beyond the interpretations they make of their experiences, the participants shed light on the oppression mechanisms they face, including various forms of exclusion and violence, as well as the strategies they employ to improve their lives.
Some groups of the homeless population are identified as particularly vulnerable. Women and young adults are part of them. In addition to being specifically affected by certain forms of adversity when they are on the streets, these minority fringes of homelessness are rarely represented in social policies and are not included in the numbers regarding this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to put forward the experience of transition to adulthood of women who experience, or have experienced, homelessness. Drawing on the intersectional socioconstructionist perspective, this study sought to shed light on their path and understanding of their situation, while highlighting the mechanisms of oppression and the strategies of resistance. Using a narrative approach, this qualitative research was conducted through individual interviews with five young women. Thus, each of these women's unique pathways as well as the similarities and differences between their respective situations were analyzed to better understand their similar and variable experiences of homelessness during the pathway of adult life. The results describe journeys made of departures, new encounters and decision-making leading to various income and housing situations. Beyond the interpretations they make of their experiences, the participants shed light on the oppression mechanisms they face, including various forms of exclusion and violence, as well as the strategies they employ to improve their lives.

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28

Moravec, Josef. "Osobní výtah pro obytné budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231640.

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Master’s thesis deals with application of new suspension means for personal elevator instead of conventional steel wire rope includes calculation of traction. Followed by assessment of passive resistance generated by guiding elevator on guide rails and caused by various locations of suspension and guiding (car guide rails). In the last part of thesis contains a strength analysis of car frame by Finite elements method (FEM) in programme NX I-deas.

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29

Kummer, Larissa. "REMEDIAÇÃO DE SOLOS CONTAMINADOS POR METAIS PESADOS USANDO BIOSSURFACTANTE PRODUZIDO A PARTIR DE RESÍDUO AGROINDUSTRIAL." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/190.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Larissa_ Kummer.pdf: 3836984 bytes, checksum: 1746a7b3c060c75c722565a4bf452739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21
High concentrations of heavy metals in the soil can affect the sustainability of ecosystems and the health of humans and animals. The metal availability in the environment is related to the characteristics of each element, historical and source of contamination, as well as the properties of each soil. The presence of more than one element is common in contaminated areas and their interaction can affect their behavior in the environment. Researches have been developed to study the behavior of metals in different types of soils and thus help in cases of remediation. In recent years, the soil washing with biosurfactant has been presented as a promising method of remediation with little or no effect on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil, but the costs of obtaining this biosurfactant are still high, because most manufacturers use artificial means for production. Thus, this study had the objective of evaluating the remediation potential of the biosurfactant obtained from the fermentation of cassava water through the action of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. This biosurfactant was characterized as surfactin, an anionic lipopeptide. Soils of different origins were used, one of them typical of the southwestern state of Paraná and the other from the northwest. The soils were first evaluated according to their potential for adsorption of the elements copper, zinc and lead in monometallic and multimetalic conditions, representing non-competitive and competitive conditions respectively. This evaluation was carried out by tests of adsorption and application of the matematical models of Langmuir and Freündlich. Soils were characterized chemically, physically and mineralogically. After that, it was performed the process of artificial contamination of these soils for application in the experiments of soil washing with biosurfactant in different conditions, having pH and concentration of biosurfactant solution as the main variables. Furthermore, it was also assessed the adsorption s capacity for metals by biosurfactant in liquid medium. The results showed that metals have different behaviors related to the adsorption and desorption to soil and to the biosurfactant. The soil type is also very important for the efficiency of metal removal. The clay soil showed higher adsorption capacity and therefore lower capacity of metal removal when compared to the sandy soil. In general, the soils showed the following sequence of adsorption capacity: Pb > Cu > Zn. The Pb was the element that less desorved by the washing process. It can also be concluded that, when soils are contaminated by more than one element at the same time, its ability to leach is greater than when the element is alone in the medium. This situation occurs because of differences between the competitive processes that take place in the active sites. The washing experiments showed that the biosurfactant was not able to improve the efficiency of removal of metals. The results obtained by the control treatments (only pure water) had very similar values to those that contained biosurfactant. When the wash solution containing the biosurfactant was in high concentrations, decrease in removel efficiency was found in some of the samples. Analysis of high performance liquid chromatography showed that the biosurfactant was adsorbed to soil samples, which is the consequence of not observing the effectiveness of the extractor in the removal of metals. It is notable, however, that the surfactin obtained has the potential to bind to metals, since the tests of adsorption to metals was confirmed by experiments. According to the results obtained, it can be inferred that the surfactin has greater potential for metal removal in liquid media than in solid medium, because of the lower possibility of adsorption. In soil, the results indicated potential use of this biosurfactant as stabilizing of metals in methods of remediation "in situ".
Concentrações elevadas de metais pesados no solo podem afetar a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas e também a saúde dos seres humanos e animais. A disponibilidade do metal no ambiente está relacionada às características de cada elemento, histórico e fonte de contaminação, bem como às propriedades de cada solo. A presença de mais de um elemento em áreas contaminadas é comum e a interação entre eles pode afetar o seu comportamento no ambiente. Diante do problema, pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas a fim de estudar o comportamento dos metais em diferentes tipos de solos e assim auxiliar nos procesos de remediação. Nos últimos anos, a lavagem do solo com biossurfactante tem sido apresentada como um método promissor de remediação com pequeno ou nenhum efeito sobre as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do solo, porém os custos de obtenção deste biossurfactante ainda são altos, pois a maioria dos fabricantes utiliza meios artificiais para sua produção. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar o potencial de remediação do biossurfactante obtido a partir do bioprocessamento da manipueira pela ação de bactérias Bacillus subtilis. Este biossurfactante foi caracterizado como surfactina, um lipopeptídeo aniônico. Foram utilizados solos de origens distintas, sendo um deles típico da região sudoeste do estado do Paraná e outro da região noroeste. Os solos utilizados foram primeiramente avaliados de acordo com o seu potencial de adsorção dos elementos cobre, zinco e chumbo em condições monometálicas e multimetálicas, representando condições não-competitivas e competitivas, respectivamente. Esta avaliação foi feita por meio de testes de adsorção e aplicação de modelos matemáticos de Langmuir e Freündlich. Os solos foram caracterizados química, física e mineralogicamente. A partir de então realizou-se o processo de contaminação artificial destes solos para posterior aplicação dos experimentos de lavagem com o biossurfactante em diferentes condições, sendo as variáveis pH e concentração da solução de biossurfactante como as principais. Além disso, também foi avaliada a capacidade de adsorção dos metais pelo próprio biossurfactante, em meio líquido. Os resultados mostraram que os metais apresentam comportamentos distintos quanto a adsorção e dessorção ao solo e ao biossurfactante. O tipo de solo também é muito importante para a avaliação da eficiência de remoção de metais. O solo argiloso apresentou maior capacidade de adsorção e consequentemente menor capacidade de remoção dos metais quando comparado ao solo arenoso. De modo geral, os solos apresentaram a seguinte sequência de capacidade de adsorção: Pb > Cu > Zn. O Pb foi o elemento que menos dessorveu pelos processos de lavagem. Foi possível também concluir que quando os solos estão contaminados por mais de um elemento ao mesmo tempo, a capacidade de lixiviar-se é maior do que quando o elemento está sozinho no meio. Esta situação ocorre em virtude dos processos competitivos existentes entre os sítios ativos. Os experimentos de lavagem mostraram que o biossurfactante não foi capaz de melhorar a eficiência de remoção dos metais. Os resultados obtidos pelos tratamentos controle (somente água pura) tiveram valores muito semelhantes aos que continham biossurfactante. Quando a solução de lavagem continha o biossurfactante em altas concentrações, foi encontrada, em algumas amostras, queda na eficiência de remoção. Análises de cromatografia líquida permitiram concluir que o biossurfactante foi adsorvido às amostras de solo, sendo esta a consequência da não observação da eficácia do extrator na remoção dos metais. Cabe ressaltar, entretanto, que a surfactina obtida apresenta potencial de ligar-se aos metais, uma vez que os testes de adsorção desta aos metais foi confirmado pelos experimentos realizados. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, pode-se inferir que a surfactina tem maior potencial de remoção de metais em meio líquido do que em meio sólido, devido a menor possibilidade de adsorção na matriz sólida. Em solo, os resultados indicaram potencial de utilização deste biossurfactante como agente de estabilização dos metais em métodos de remediação in situ .

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Trommetter, Guillaume. "Développements analytiques et d’échantillonneurs passifs appliqués aux terres rares et platinoïdes : application aux systèmes aquatiques anthropisés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R051.

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Les écosystèmes aquatiques sont des systèmes fragiles, vitaux pour la biosphère et cependant soumis à de nombreuses pressions anthropiques, parfois importantes. Actuellement, des méthodes fiables permettent la quantification et l’étude du devenir des éléments traces métalliques (Pb, Zn, Cd, etc.) et bon nombre de micropolluants organiques dans les eaux et les sédiments. Pour d’autres éléments comme les terres rares ou les platinoïdes, de plus en plus utilisés par l’industrie, leur quantification demeure en revanche plus complexe, voire encore incertaine du fait de leurs très faibles concentrations. Leur quantification est pratiquement impossible sans l’utilisation de techniques de préconcentration ou le développement de méthodes analytiques spécifiques pour réduire les interférences spectrales liés à des interférents présents en forte concentration dans l’environnement. Ce travail de recherche a permis (i) de quantifier précisément ces éléments par spectrométrie de masse à plasma par couplage inductif combiné à l’utilisation d’une cellule de collision/réaction en choisissant judicieusement le gaz et son flux appliqué dans la cellule ; (ii) de préconcentrer in situ puis de déterminer des concentrations variant du pg L-1 au ng L-1 pour les éléments du groupe du platine, dans des zones impactées par les activités humaines (lessivages des routes, rejets de médicaments à base de Pt), en développant des techniques d’échantillonnage passif dites « Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGTs) » basées sur l’utilisation de deux résines différentes, et (iii) de mieux comprendre comment certains de ces éléments peuvent servir de traceurs de rejets urbains notamment liés aux stations de traitement des eaux usées contenant des rejets domestiques et hospitaliers, en complément des traceurs habituellement utilisés. Pour ce faire, la Marque Rivière a servi de site pilote pour cette étude prospective au cours d’une période d’étiage. Ces études ont permis de déterminer les concentrations actuelles des terres rares et platinoïdes dans des milieux fortement impactés par les activités humaines rendant possible le suivi de leur évolution et l’évaluation de leur potentiel impact dans le futur
Aquatic ecosystems are fragile systems, vital for the biosphere and yet subject to numerous, sometimes significant, anthropogenic pressures. Currently, reliable methods allow the quantification and study of the fate of metallic trace elements (Pb, Zn, Cd, etc.) and many organic micropollutants in water and sediments. For other elements such as rare earths or platinum group elements, which are increasingly used by industry, their quantification remains more complex and even uncertain due to their very low concentrations. Their quantification is practically impossible without the use of preconcentration techniques or the development of specific analytical methods to reduce the spectral interferences linked to interferents present in high concentrations in the environment. This research work has allowed (i) to quantify precisely these elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with the use of a collision/reaction cell by judiciously choosing the gas and its flow applied in the cell ; (ii) to preconcentrate in situ and then determine concentrations ranging from pg L-1 to ng L-1 for platinum group elements, in areas impacted by human activities (road leaching, Pt-based drug releases), by developing passive sampling techniques called "Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGTs)" based on the use of two different resins, and (iii) to better understand how some of these elements can be used as tracers of urban discharges, particularly in connection with wastewater treatment plants containing domestic and hospital discharges, in addition to the tracers usually used. To this end, the Marque River served as a pilot site for this prospective study during a period of low water levels. These studies made it possible to determine the current concentrations of rare earths and platinum in environments heavily impacted by human activities, making it possible to monitor their evolution and evaluate their potential impact in the future

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Hafsaoui, Aymen. "Peformances de Niveau Applicatif en Environnement Filaire et sans Fil." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00669973.

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L'intérêt pour l'analyse passive de traces a considérablement augmenté, nous offrant de nouvelles approches pour analyser et améliorer les performances réseaux. L'hétérogénéité d'Internet est en constante évolution : nouvelles technologies d'accès, des clients avec mobiles et toujours de plus en plus de services et d'applications. D'autre part, l'intérêt pour la mesure de performance des réseaux d'entreprises ne cesse de se développer. Ces sujets sont d'une importance cruciale pour les fournisseurs de services Internet, gestionnaires de réseaux et des entreprises, puisqu'ils ont déjà reçu une attention considérable de la part de la communauté de recherche. Malgré ces efforts, un certain nombre de questions reste ouvert. Dans cette thèse on traite le trafic TCP, qui représente la majorité des flux Internet. Lors de cette analyse, nous nous concentrons sur les connexions complètes, du point de vue TCP. Le présent travail se compose de trois parties traitant différent aspects sur les approches actuelles d'analyse de performances de TCP, l'étude des performances et la détection d'anomalies de niveau applicatif. Dans la première partie, nous présentons les travaux les plus importants, les traces réseaux sur lesquelles nous nous sommes basé ainsi que les problèmes rencontrés lors de l'étude des performances de TCP au niveau applicatif. Nous présentons un premier aperçu de l'impact de l'application sur les transferts TCP. Nous démontrons que si les pertes peuvent avoir un impact négatif sur les petits transferts TCP, l'application affecte de manière significative le temps de transfert de la majorité des flux. Dans cette partie, nous démontrons que certaines mesures peuvent être biaisées par des technologies spécifiques mises en oeuvre dans les réseaux Cellulaires. Dans la seconde partie, nous comparons sur des traces passives, les performances de clients Internet, d'un même operateur sur les trafics : Cellulaires, FTTH et ADSL. Nous montrons que l'étude des paramètres classiques d'analyse de performance ne permet pas d'expliquer totalement les performances perçues par les clients. Ensuite, nous validons une approche plus fine, permettant de décomposer chaque connexion TCP, bien formée, en intervalles de temps. Notre approche de décomposition de connexion TCP permet d'extraire automatiquement l'impact du comportement de l'application, l'accès, le serveur et le client. Nous regroupons, avec des algorithmes adéquats, les transferts avec des performances similaires sur les différents types d'accès. Puis, nous proposons une caractérisation de certains aspects de l'analyse de trafic dans un reseau d'entreprise. Dans la dernière partie, nous nous concentrons sur la problématique de profilage d'anomalies sur les connexions TCP, définis comme correct mais avec des performances anormales. Notre méthode permet d'identifier la cause des problèmes de performance, qui peuvent être soit des pertes ou bien des temps perdus lors de la préparation des données ou du transfert. Nous appliquons cette approche pour le cas de plusieurs traces de trafic Internet et entreprise. Nous démontrons l'existence d'une adaptation spécifique pour la récupération sur les pertes sur le réseau Cellulaire qui semble plus efficace que sur les réseaux filaires.

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Roche, Agnès. "Mise au point et étude d'échantillonneurs diffusifs pour le suivi de l'exposition personnelle aux concentrations atmosphériques de benzène, toluène, éthylbenzène et xylènes BTEX et d'aldéhydes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10018.

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Le principe des echantillonneurs diffusifs repose sur la diffusion des composes organiques volatils, regie par la premiere loi de fick, jusqu'a un adsorbant sur lequel ils sont pieges. Ces appareils sont de plus en plus utilises pour controler les atmospheres de travail, mais on connait tres peu leurs capacites en milieu peu pollue. Il s'agit donc d'une etude menee sur des echantillonneurs de type tube pour les btex en les testant et en les etalonnant a tres basses concentrations (ppbv) dans des chambres de simulation, dans differentes conditions (humidite, agitation atmospherique), et si besoin en les modifiant (changement de la phase d'adsorption). Les durees d'exposition ont varie de une heure a cinq jours. Les etalonnages ont ete effectues a partir de la determination des concentrations par un echantillonnage dynamique des atmospheres. Nous avons d'abord tester le tenax ta comme adsorbant, et avons montre que les vitesses d'enrichissement des composes les plus volatils tels que l'hexane et le benzene n'etaient pas lineaires. Nous avons pu expliquer ces phenomenes par la difference de volatilite et par l'equilibre entre les composes et l'adsorbant. Pour etudier ces phenomenes, nous avons teste un deuxieme adsorbant, le carbopack b. Celui ci possede une plus grande affinite pour les composes etudies. En effet, nous obtenons a doses d'exposition egales un enrichissement legerement plus important sur le carbopack b, mais nous avons conserve cette non-linearite. Cette derniere n'empeche pas l'utilisation de ces echantillonneurs : on peut tracer une courbe de tendance d'enrichissement, et s'y referer pour calculer la concentration moyenne a laquelle l'echantillonneur a ete expose. L'utilisation de ces echantillonneurs a ete validee par des campagnes de prelevements en milieu urbain avec des comparaisons entre prelevements dynamiques et diffusifs. Pour les composes aldehydiques un echantillonneur de type badge a ete cree. Dans ce dernier cas, le milieu adsorbant est un filtre impregne de 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine. Cet echantillonneur a ete calibre en suivant le meme protocole que celui etabli auparavant. Afin d'etudier les parametres qui influent sur ces prelevements diffusifs, nous avons fait varier le nombre de filtres dans un echantillonneur, ainsi que la porosite des filtres. Nous avons ainsi pu ameliorer la limite de detection et la quantitativite par rapport aux echantillonneurs commercialises. L'utilisation de ces echantillonneurs a ete validee par des mesures en atmosphere faiblement concentree.

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Vystavna, Yuliya. "Déterminants environnementaux et socio-économiques, leur influence sur les métaux traces et les produits pharmaceutiques dans les cours d'eau : étude comparée sur deux rivières de France et d'Ukraine." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716793.

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Les objectifs de cette étude comparative de deux bassins versants en France et en Ukraine sont de trois ordres. i) déterminer l'occurrence des micropolluants émergents (métaux traces et molécules pharmaceutiques) dans les eaux de surface, ii) permettre leur évaluation qualitative et quantitative et enfin iii) estimer leur distribution en fonction du contexte socio-économique. Cette recherche porte sur l'analyse de l'origine, sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et sur le comportement des micropolluants (métaux traces et molécules pharmaceutiques) dans les eaux des rivières Jalle (Bordeaux, France) et Udy & Lopan (Kharkiv, Ukraine). Un suivi des métaux traces et des produits pharmaceutiques dans les eaux naturelles de surface dans différents contextes et conditions climatiques a été réalisé. La description et l'analyse des facteurs environnementaux et socio-économiques influençant l'hydrochimie locale en vue de conclure sur l'opportunité et l'intérêt des micropolluants émergents comme indicateurs anthropogéniques du contexte socio-économique et environnemental d'un bassin versant ont été mis en oeuvre. L'étude a combiné des techniques de prélèvements d'échantillons d'eau classiques et par capteurs passifs in situ. L'analyse semi quantitative des micropolluants émergents a porté sur les métaux traces (sondes DGT) et les produits pharmaceutiques (POCIS). L'usage de ces capteurs a permis d'évaluer les différentes formes d'éléments, les sources, les variations saisonnières et spatiales, l'accumulation et les risques environnementaux. A partir des données environnementales collectées, acquises, actualisées et validées il a été possible de modéliser la consommation régionale de médicaments dans le cas de (1) la région de Kharkiv, en Ukraine, sur les rivières Lopan et Udy du bassin Seversky Donets et (2) la région de Bordeaux, en France, sur la rivière Jalle, du bassin de la Garonne. Les sites ont été sélectionnés pour représenter une diversité tant du point de vue de l'état de pollution des eaux (nature et flux) que de celui du paysage socio-économique (contexte urbain, social et indicateurs économiques). Les résultats majeurs de cette étude sont : (i) méthodologique pour le développement et la validation de protocoles d'échantillonnage classique et passif (intérêt, limites, recommandations), ii) analytique quant à la mesure des éléments traces des eaux de surface naturelles dans des conditions extrêmes, iii) scientifique par l'obtention d'un jeu de données sur l'hydrochimie des éléments traces ( présence, accumulation, origine et variabilité spatiale et temporelle et iv) prospectif quant à l'usage des métaux traces et de produits pharmaceutiques comme traceurs anthropiques de l'état des eaux naturelles de surfaces et reflet du contexte socio économique. La modélisation socio-économique (statistique) et environnementale (balance de masse) aide à comprendre l'évolution de la qualité des eaux de surface dans leur contexte régional et permet d'identifier certains contaminants comme des indicateurs des activités anthropiques d'un bassin versant et permet de définir une typologie. L'ensemble des résultats de la thèse ont présentés sous la forme d'articles publiés ou soumis dans des revues scientifiques internationales.

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Bukatz, Tamara. "The practical difficulties of applying current trade mark law, actions for passing off and copyright law to literary fictional characters per se, independent of the original work." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-practical-difficulties-of-applying-current-trade-mark-law-actions-for-passing-off-and-copyright-law-to-literary-fictional-characters-per-se-independent-of-the-original-work(a440313e-8f53-43ad-8c44-7ee1f5426011).html.

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Fictional characters have a gigantic commercial and social appeal. Fans create fanfiction and other transformative works. Professionals create films, plays and artwork or literary, musical, and other works based on the underlying work by another author. These professionals as well as third parties are involved in character merchandising. Disney reported a revenue of USD 45.2 billion just for retail sales of worldwide licensed products in 2014. The appeal of fictional characters is not limited to artistic fictional characters (AFCs), but also encompasses literary fictional characters (LFCs), such as ‘Harry Potter’ and ’The Doctor’. The plot-independent protection of LFCs is more challenging than AFCs, because of their representation in words instead of images. Non-graphic representation inevitably leaves more to the imagination of the reader. Regardless, authors’ interests in their LFCs are worth protecting. Copyright is more appropriate than trade mark law and actions for passing off when it comes to the protection of authors against unauthorized exploitation of LFCs per se for new professional literary and other works, fanfiction, mash-ups or other transformative works by amateur content creators, as well as unauthorized character merchandise. Copyright vests in the author automatically. No formalities are required. No cost is involved. Moreover, under copyright law LFCs would benefit from a set of moral rights, which could protect the LFC per se i.a. against unsavoury distortion or attribution to another than its creator. Trade mark law is ill equipped for the protection of LFCs, i.a. because names of LFCs are often devoid of distinctiveness and are descriptive of posters, notebooks, and similar products which feature the characters. Passing off actions are also suboptimal. Like trade marks, an action for passing off is also trader orientated instead of author orientated. This leads to an imbalance favouring whoever fulfils the criteria for a claim that the tort passing off has been committed. Thus, even a free-riding trader can claim protection against the author who actually created the LFC. However, in order to accommodate copyrightability of LFCs per se, a combination of judicial re-interpretation and changes to the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 are required. These are set out in this thesis. The effect of the ‘new‘ originality standard (‘the author’s own intellectual creation‘) on LFC copyrightability shall be discussed as well. Both foreign common law jurisdictions (namely Canada and the USA) as well as civil law jurisdictions (namely Germany and France) provide insights into the protection of LFCs by copyright. Each country has its own strong points to offer: In Canada, LFCs are copyrightable, if they are distinct and recognized by the public. Moreover, an exception concerning user-generated content, which affects fanfiction, was introduced into the Canadian Copyright Act 1985 by the Copyright Modernization Act 2012. In the USA, LFCs have been protected since 1930 and two tests have been developed to judge LFC copyrightability. In Germany, quite a number of copyright cases concerning LFCs, in particular with regard to character merchandising, have been decided. Even the Supreme Court held that LFCs can attract copyright. In France, LFCs can enjoy copyright protection even after the economic rights have expired, because the moral rights last indefinitely. In addition to critically evaluating how LFCs could be protected by copyright plot-independently, this thesis also considers how further legal certainty could be provided for parties intending to reuse existing LFCs. In this regard, this thesis looks i.a. into the viability of an extension of PLSclear in collaboration with the Copyright Hub to licensing of LFCs via this system.

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Hennequin-Marot, Elisabeth. "Utilisation des réactions nucléaires (neutron, α) et (neutron, proton) pour la détection d'isotopes stables en biologie." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES023.

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Exemple de l'application en biologie des détecteurs solides de traces: localisation quantitative de la réaction nucléaire 6 lithium (neutron, alpha) 3 hydrogène dans l'étude du transfert placentaire du lithium, au cours du développement embryonnaire de la souris. Recherche des conditions d'obtention de détecteurs à bas mouvement propre dans le but d'appliquer la technique à la détection d'autres éléments tels que l'azote et l'oxygène

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Bhurtun, Pratima. "Dynamique de la qualité des masses d’eau dans le bassin Artois-Picardie : compréhension des mécanismes actuels et prévision des évolutions dans un contexte de changement climatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R055.

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La Selle Rivière, cours d’eau non canalisé du bassin Artois-Picardie est considérée par l’Agence de l’Eau comme une masse d’eau prioritaire dont la qualité est à améliorer. L’objet de ce travail a été d’étudier le comportement spatio-temporel de plusieurs substances déclassantes ou non, avec des échelles de temps allant du prélèvement ponctuel à la mesure haute fréquence, en passant par des échantillonneurs passifs intégrateurs. Nous nous sommes intéressés à plusieurs traceurs de la contamination urbaine, agricole et industrielle, au travers des nitrates, des phosphates, des éléments traces métalliques, de certains produits phytosanitaires et pharmaceutiques, et de la matière organique dissoute. Dans un premier temps, nous avons confirmé que la Selle est principalement alimentée par les eaux souterraines riches en nitrates, avec des teneurs résiduelles en atrazine qui se retrouvent dans le cours d’eau à des concentrations similaires. Par ailleurs, le bassin versant étant très agricole dans sa partie amont et avec des ilots urbains plutôt localisé en aval, quelques pesticides et médicaments sont retrouvés à l’état d’ultra-traces par temps sec, et des teneurs en phosphates souvent supérieures à 0,2 mg L-1. Les métaux sont peu présents dans le cours d’eau malgré des teneurs pouvant être élevées en sortie de stations d’épuration (notamment Gd et Zn) car les débits des stations représentent des apports mineurs. La mesure haute fréquence a permis de préciser des problèmes de qualité d’eau par temps de pluie avec des lessivages de sols, et des pics importants mais limités dans le temps en phosphore et carbone organique alors que l’on observe une dilution des nitrates. La composition de la matière organique étudiée par spectroscopie de fluorescence a permis de caractériser la signature spectrale de différents types d’eau (souterraine, de surface et effluent de station d’épuration) et de différencier les apports allochtones des apports autochtones. Enfin, ces résultats permettent de discuter qualitativement les futurs effets du changement climatique à l’échelle régionale sur l’évolution de la qualité de la Selle Rivière
The River Selle is a non-channelised stream in the Artois-Picardy basin and is considered as a priority waterbody by the Artois-Picardy Water Agency. The aim of this work was to study the spatio-temporal behaviour of several substances at different time scales, ranging from low-frequency (grab sampling, passive samplers) to high-frequency monitoring. More specifically, tracers of pollution reflecting urban, agricultural and industrial contamination (nitrates, phosphates, trace metal elements, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, dissolved organic matter) were investigated. We confirmed that the River Selle is mainly fed by a nitrate-rich groundwater. Besides, the nitrates and atrazine concentrations in the river water were similar to those found in the groundwater. At the upstream of the river, the land-use is mainly dominated by agriculture whereas most of the urban islets are located at the downstream of the river. Consequently, during dry weather, ultra-trace concentrations of some pesticides and pharmaceutical residues were recorded and phosphate levels often exceeded 0.2 mg L-1. Due to the minor flow input of the wastewater treatment plants into the river, metallic contamination in the River Selle (particularly Gd and Zn) is quite low despite the high concentrations measured in wastewater effluents. Water quality issues during storm events were identified by high-frequency monitoring. Significant but time-limited peaks in phosphorus and organic carbon were observed, while nitrates were diluted. The composition of dissolved organic matter was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral signature of different types of water (groundwater, surface water and wastewater effluents) was characterised as well as the origins of this organic matter (autochtonous vs allochthonous). Finally, these results enable to discuss qualitatively the future effects of climate change at a regional scale on the evolution of the water quality of the River Selle

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Štrumfa, David. "Návrh modernizace žst. Brandýs nad Orlicí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226033.

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Design for modernization of the railway station Brandys nad Orlici. The reconstruction of both the gridiron. The main rails increase the speed to the maximum, in passing tracks increase the speed to 60 km / h The station will eliminate level crossings on the platform. Width arrangement of the platforms will be designed to accommodate persons with reduced mobility options.

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McComb, Mark Errol. "A passive monitor for trace metals in water." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/12207.

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Chang, Chun-Chieh, and 章鈞傑. "Development of the Tracking Controller of Passive Solar Tracker." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82382566981409074977.

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碩士
東南科技大學
機電整合研究所
98
This thesis is about to develop a tracking controller of passive solar tracker. The dual axis solar tracking system of the concentrator photovoltaic panel is using the error signal from the quadrant detector to trace and modify. If there is no sunlight, the tracking system will not activate nor continue tracking the sun. When the sun appear after a period of time, as the angle deviated from the solar sensor range, the motor would not be started or continued tracking, at this time there must be an auxiliary controller. Since the orbit of the earth and the sun is fixed, and has theoretical formula, by using the formula of fixed locus of the earth to design a control program and send signals to drive motor for passive tracking and within the permissible of the deviation angle of the solar tracking sensor or the solar cell modules, may set the time interval or angle interval to save energy. The control program uses LabVIEW software. Finally by using the laboratory's existing X-Z dual axis solar tracker, the experimental results confirmed the program control accuracy is within a 5-degree, smaller than using a four-quadrant optical sensor which is 7.85 degrees, so it meets the demand of controlling required. The control program can also be applied to drive the general solar chip modules, and set up a wider tracking angle, and taking into account the function of energy saving.

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Jhang, Jhih-Kai, and 張智凱. "Tracking Control System of the Two Axes Passive Solar Tracker." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qk99ea.

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碩士
國立中央大學
能源工程研究所
96
The purpose of this research is to develop a passive sun-tracking control system for high concentrated photovoltaics (HCPV), which uses two axes tracking mechanisms. HCPV uses III-V solar cell which has higher efficiency and can only absorb the direct solar irradiation. In order to reducing the error of incident angle, which causing degradation of insolation absorption of the solar cell, the precision of tracker is set to be smaller than 0.5°. The passive tracking adopted in this study is utilizing the horizontal coordinates of astronomy, which depends on the latitude, longitude and time zone of the tracker’s location to calculate the altitude and azimuth of the solar. The stepping motor, which drive the tracking mechanisms, is chosen to provide adequate rotating torque for mechanism and rpm for coping with rapid motion of the solar trajectories (particularly in the noon). This control system is programming with Labview software. When the solar altitude and solar azimuth move at angle of 0.2°, the controller drives the stepping motor to actuate the tracker. A collimating tube with an accuracy of 0.1° is used to measure the error of tracking angle, and recorded the light spot in the collimating tube with a digital camera to analyzing the error distribution. At the outdoor test, experiment results show that the average angle error is less than 0.5° and which prove the feasibility of the passive sun-tracking system can be used in HCPV.

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Larner, BL. "Application of an in situ passive sampling technique for assessment of contaminants in the Antarctic environment." Thesis, 2006. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20644/1/whole_LarnerBronwynLesley2006_thesis.pdf.

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This study investigates the use ofthe in situ passive sampling technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to measure trace metal contaminants in overlying water and sediment porewater adjacent to a waste disposal site at the year-round Australian Antarctic research base, Casey Station. Marine sediment in a bay adjacent to the waste disposal site has been previously identified as having elevated levels oftrace metals, in particular Cd, Pb, Sn, Cu and Zn. Further development of the DGT technique was investigated with the application and testing of a new paper-based DGT sampler. These samplers were more cheaper, robust and easier to assemble than the original gel-based model, and were less affectedby pH and ionic strength. The paper-based DGT samplers had a lower than expected uptake of metals compared to the gel-based samplers in a field trial, so these samplers were not considered for Antarctic field work. Calibration of the gel-based DGT samplers using the "DGT uptake method" at a temperature suitable for Antarctic deployments resulted in diffusion coefficients 93-114% of the literature values, indicating that the technique is suitable for use in Antarctic waters. Deployment of DGT water samplers in Antarctic waters adjacent to the waste disposal site and in pristine waters resulted in only Cd, Fe and Ni being measured, with other metals being less than detection limits. The annual summer melt draining through the tip did not appear to affect the concentrations of these metals in the water. The use of Empore reconcentration disks resulted in the quantification of all metals analysed, except Cr, and the comparison of results between Empore and DGT supports previous findings that metals in the marine environment are associated with colloidal or particulate material. The use of DGT sediment probes demonstrated elevated levels of Sn, Pb, Fe and As in the sediment porewater, consistent with direct porewater measurements which showed elevated levels of Sn, Pb, Mn and Fe compared to pristine locations. Comparison of DGT sediment probe results to direct porewater measurements showed that Sn and Fe were resupplied to the porewater from the solid phase. Further sediment characterisation work was undertaken to investigate why some of the metals (such as Cd, Cu and Zn) were present in low concnetraions in the porewater. Very high levels of acid volatile sulfides, up to 1600 pg g\(^{-1}\), were detected in sediment adjacent to-the waste disposal site. The high concentration of reactive sulfides in the sediment appears to be the main controlling factor of metal availability in the porewater.

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Yang, Bo-Sung, and 楊博松. "Identifications of Tribology Parameters of Pneumatic Cylinder for Passive Solar Tracker." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61034170151984165483.

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碩士
明志科技大學
機械工程系機械與機電工程碩士班
102
The researches and developments of the renewable energies are getting more and more important for the academic and industry nowadays which are the main streams and may to meet the energy needs for the whole world. Associating with the solar tracker the output power of the solar cells may be enhanced because of the facing the sun the solar cells give more intension on the photovoltaic effects. The active solar tracker which is actuated by an electric motor associating with the feedback sensor to detect the sunlight. This active solar tracker has drawbacks of energy depletion and the emission of huge amount of carbon dioxide. The passive solar tracker is thus more suitable for solar tracking since the tracking need energy free from the electricity. The Freon tanks of each sides of the solar cell absorb the sunlight. The pressures within the tanks are proportional to the sunlight by the photothermal conversion. Two chambers of the pneumatic cylinder may be indifference if the solar cell is not facing the sun. This indifference pressure makes the pneumatic cylinder to actuate the tracker. The stick-slip effect of pneumatic cylinder may affect the tracking accuracy which is caused by the tribology of pneumatic cylinder. Based on the LuGre model this study investigates the stick-slip effect of the pneumatic cylinder of the passive tracker. Identification of the tribology parameters of the LuGre model is the purpose of this thesis. Acquiring of the tribology parameters of the pneumatic cylinder filled with the Freon is useful for application of the solar tracking system. The solar tracker may be modified to deriving excellent system dynamic response based on the previous parapeters.

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Nytepchuk, Nini Johanna. "Operating performance of passive infrared counters under different seasons." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31225.

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This research analyzes the operating performance of two commercially available passive infrared counters (PICs) of pedestrians as a function of site, summer, fall and winter seasons in terms of counter sensitivity. Three sites were selected for field analysis in Winnipeg, Canada. Based on a sample of 24,690 people counted by the two PICs from July 2014 to February 2015, this research found that with a 95 percent confidence, Eco-Counter’s sensitivity ranged from 73 to 97 percent while TRAFCO’s ranged from 57 to 97 percent related to people occlusion. On weekdays, Eco-Counter’s absolute error was 16 percent and TRAFCO’s was 18 percent. On weekends, Eco-Counter’s absolute error was 18 percent and TRAFCO’s was 21 percent. In addition to people occlusion, site, seasons, and time of week (weekday and weekend) were found to affect the operating performance of the PICs. Correction factors were also calculated per counter, site, and seasons.
May 2016

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Tomlinson, Michael S. "Viability Of Using Dgt Passive Samplers To Measure Dissolved Trace Elements In Subtropical Freshwater And Estuarine Environments." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10539.

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Gomes, Luís Gonçalo Brás. "Determination of partition coefficients between passive samplers and the aquatic environment for trace levels of organic pollutants." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/35568.

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Tese de mestrado, Química (Química Analítica) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018
It is of greatest importance to preserve and safeguard the remaining water resources, and to ensure their sustainable management. Hence, environmental monitoring of water is becoming increasingly important and policy programs on water management have been adopted by authorities around the globe with ambitious goals and approaches that can be used for preserving quality of water. Therefore, there is a growing interest in assessing the concentration and distribution of new nonregulated organic contaminants (emerging contaminants) in the environment. The measurement of freely dissolved concentrations using conventional approaches is challenging due to the low concentrations that may be encountered and their temporally variable concentrations. The subsequent laboratory analysis of the sample provides only a snapshot of the levels of pollutants at the time of sampling and episodic pollution events can be missed. Passive sampling technology has been developing very quickly for the past 20 years and, today, these methods represent a viable alternative to traditional sampling methods as they have shown to be promise as tools for measuring concentrations of a wide range of priority pollutants. Depending on sampler design, the mass of pollutant accumulated by a sampler should reflect either the concentration with which the device is at equilibrium or the time-averaged concentration to which the sampler was exposed enabling the estimation of freely dissolved concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern in water. The use of passive sampling method for estimation of freely dissolved concentrations of emerging contaminants requires the calibration of the passive sampler device. The partition coefficients of a target compound between the passive sampler and water is one of the needs for a successful calibration of the passive sampler device. Measurement of partition coefficients between silicone rubbers and water, Kpw, becomes more difficult as the hydrophobicity of the compound increases. Experimental challenges include long extraction times, sorption to various surfaces and materials, and incomplete dissolution of the compound in the aqueous phase. In order to avoid these artifacts and to shorten experimental time, a series of equilibration experiments of target compounds between the sampler and water in a closed system were performed. For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and personal care products (PCPs), polymer-water partition coefficients were determined in ultra-pure water for AlteSil™ silicone rubbers using equilibration by both compound release and uptake kinetics. The direct contact method is used to equilibrate polymers under enhanced pressure. A spiked silicone rubber sheet is sandwiched between two other unspiked sheets to decrease its concentration and perform new equilibration process for polymer-water partition coefficients estimation. Estimated polymer-water partition coefficient values are in good agreement with the values from different experimental methods and with the literature values. Also, a study of temporal evolution of the concentration of target compounds in the aqueous phase and the wall of the bottles was performed. However, only sampling rates from equilibration experiments were estimated. The Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the uncertainty of the complex determination of partition coefficients. For Monte Carlo simulation, a mathematical model is built to describe all interactions between input quantities that affect partition coefficients determination. From that model, mathematical samples from each parameter are generated, which represent estimated values of the input variables, and combined to estimate the distribution of the measurement result. Probability density functions are used to represent the statistical distribution of each input parameter. The results from the 105 Monte Carlo trials are used to estimate the output quantity value and its associated uncertainty.

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Chuchu-Yang and 楊筑曲. "Pantyhose—The traces of passing through, drifting across, saving the female body." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12562302924978727357.

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碩士
實踐大學
時尚與媒體設計研究所碩士在職專班
98
The human body is disciplined, paid attention and anticipated by society since it is born. The human body is categorized into either male or female; therefore, it learns to act as what the society expects from it to meet social standards. The critical factor why the female body is subject to oppression is that the “body” is given the denotation of sex/gender. “Gender difference is a biological and physical factor. It distinguishes between males and females and male and female characteristics.” (Connell, 2004:59)The dominance of patriarchy is the key factor that the human body is infused with the meaning of sex/gender. Women living in patriarchy cannot escape from the authority. It is hard to change the fact that the female body does exist. In that case, women need to face the physical reality of their bodies and the relationship between their bodies and the environment. Their bodily functions own certain perception and functions in particular ways (such as ages, body shapes, health conditions, colors of skin and races). Each body seems alike; however, they have different perceptual and bodily experiences. Therefore, in my thesis I will explore the experience of the female body, looking for the pleasure and freedom of being a female. Only when a woman has freedom in mind, does her body obtains its freedom. The theme of my thesis is focused on the silky pantyhose which have strong feminine traits and the flexible texture. I will conduct experiments by making a connection between silky pantyhose and the female body and design clothes according to my female experience. Moreover, I will record the experience of gazing the female body of my own and dig deep into my thought and my role.

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47

McMurrich, Donald. "should one react against the laziness of railway tracks between the passage of two trains." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8461.

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should one react against the laziness of railway tracks between the passage of two trains investigates the everyday as experienced in the post-industrial landscape. Through the activities of walking and mapping, fieldwork is conducted during treks that follow the route of the railroad in the Kitchener-Waterloo region. I examine detritus as post-readymade artifacts of the industrial economy that has abandoned the area. Interventions of minimal gestures engage the inherent narratives of these discarded materials. Improvised assembled sculptures mark my route as a form of wayfinding that re-appropriates the neglected urban space of the railroad right of way. Online maps document these treks as open works of art to be completed by participants as self-guided walks. The activity of walking and assembling sculptures in these marginal landscapes is a playful strategy that resists the alienation of immaterial labour in our contemporary economic context.

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Li, Cheng He, and 李承和. "Simultaneously Trace Blood Perfusion and Glymphatic Passage by Analyzing Deuterium Oxide Perfusion Imaging with a Two-Compartment Parallel Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94014566597164672537.

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碩士
國立清華大學
生醫工程與環境科學系
104
Deuterium oxide (D2O) perfusion has been used for acquiring hemodynamic images such as tissue blood flow in early studies. As a freely diffusible tracer, D2O may also be an alternative of fluorescent tracer in discovering glymphatic system which has been demonstrated as a lymphatic-like circulation system along paravascular pathway in brain tissue. In this study, a new indirect detection strategy by 1H-MRI was used to acquire D2O perfusion images with better signal-to-noise ratio on rat brain. Then a two-compartment parallel model (2CPM) was applied to analyses of D2O perfusion to extract both blood and glymphatic dynamics simultaneously. A traditional one-compartment Tofts model (1CTM) was also applied to quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) for comparison. The results showed that both 1CTM and 2CPM could obtain CBF maps with stable and reasonable values. Moreover, the spatial distributions of the parallel flow of 2CPM were adjacent to the locations where the paravascular pathway of cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) lies. Therefore, according to the blood irrelevant flow values and the spatial matched mapping, we have demonstrated that using 2CPM for tracing D2O might noninvasively reveal the information of CSF-dynamics which is regulated by glymphatic system. Further investigations and applications should be conducted to connect D2O tracer analysis of 2CPM with the comprehensive water passages in rat brain.

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Chih-YuanCheng and 鄭智元. "Active Switching Tracker based on Model-Predictive Control with Input Constraint for a Passively Switching MIMO System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74229054581768880919.

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碩士
國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
100
In some cases, a system may switch from one model to another, passively. In this thesis, an active switching mechanism is proposed for a passively switching MIMO system. The modified optimal anti-windup control scheme is combined with model-predictive control (MPC), to resolve the input constraint problem for the passively switching MIMO system with input constraints, without losing the good tracking performance as possible. The proposed model-predictive control scheme can identify the switching instant immediately, and it systematically compresses a huge control input within the desired range by adjusting the well-designed weighting matrix for the linear time-invariant (LTI) constrained system.

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Tseng, Yu-Chen, and 曾玉媜. "The Study of Active and Passive Management Stock Funds’ Integration with Stock Market in Taiwan – The Examples of Capital Marathon Fund and Polaris Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n65y3w.

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碩士
國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
99
Taiwan''s stock market is the leader of the financial markets that is an important indicator of economic development. Is to issue securities investment trust mutual funds, domestic stock is the most important promoter of the bond market plays a pivotal role in fund management firms they are also important investment channel for the people. With the outbreak of financial crisis, global financial markets in the doldrums, and mutual funds the risk presented by the spillover of volatility, and no less than the risk of decline in investment in a single stock, the active management of equity funds, so investors can not help but doubt, its value-added effect of mutual funds, and information asymmetry can not fully reveal the circumstances, fund investment, whether to invest in people as in mind, and truly mutual fund investment benchmark, with the diversity of financial market investment , investment risk aversion is more important. The study in Taiwan active management equity fund, Capital Marathon Fund net rate of return, for example, and the Taiwan stock index stock market returns as integration of research, and Taiwan passive management equity funds, to Polaris Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund net worth return, for example, and the Taiwan 50 Index stock returns was the main object of study. The net value returns of Taiwan active management equity funds, the net value returns of Taiwan passive management equity fund, Taiwan stock market index returns and Taiwan 50 stock index returns are the June 15, 2003 to December 31, 2010 as the samples of time-varying conditional correlations and the volatility spillover effect. Using DCC (Dynamic Conditional Correlation) as much as variable GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) generalized autoregressive condition heterogeneous variance model to explore the Taiwan active management equity fund net worth, Taiwan passive management stock fund net worth, and Taiwan Top50 Tracker fund Taiwan market index four item return on net worth information and stock return volatility spillover between and time-varying conditional correlations of the phenomenon.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tracce passive'

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