Journal articles: 'Toxicological Interest'

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Patil, Rahul, Pratap Bahadur, and Sanjay Tiwari. "Dispersed graphene materials of biomedical interest and their toxicological consequences." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 275 (January 2020): 102051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.102051.

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Plata-Calzado, Cristina, Ana I. Prieto, Ana M. Cameán, and Angeles Jos. "Toxic Effects Produced by Anatoxin-a under Laboratory Conditions: A Review." Toxins 14, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120861.

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The presence of cyanotoxins and its bioaccumulation in the food chain is an increasingly common problem worldwide. Despite the toxic effects produced by Anatoxin-a (ATX-a), this neurotoxin has been less studied compared to microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). Studies conducted under laboratory conditions are of particular interest because these provide information which are directly related to the effects produced by the toxin. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the ATX-a toxicological database inadequate to support the publication of a formal guideline reference value. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to compile all of the in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies performed so far and to identify potential data gaps. Results show that the number of reports is increasing in recent years. However, more in vitro studies are needed, mainly in standardized neuronal cell lines. Regarding in vivo studies, very few of them reflect conditions occurring in nature and further studies with longer periods of oral exposure would be of interest. Moreover, additional toxicological aspects of great interest such as mutagenicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and alteration of hormonal balance need to be studied in depth.

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Fierascu, Irina, Ioana Catalina Fierascu, Roxana Ioana Brazdis, Anda Maria Baroi, Toma Fistos, and Radu Claudiu Fierascu. "Phytosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles—between Nanomedicine and Toxicology. A Brief Review of 2019′s Findings." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030574.

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Phytosynthesized nanoparticles represent a continuously increasing field of research, with numerous studies published each year. However, with the emerging interest in this area, the quality of the published works is also continuously increasing, switching from routine antioxidant or antimicrobial studies on trivial microbial lines to antibiotic-resistant strains or antitumoral studies. However, this increasing interest has not been not reflected in the studies regarding the toxicological effects of nanoparticles (NPs); this should be a subject of greatest interest, as the increasing administration of NPs in general (and phytosynthesized NPs in particular) could lead to their accumulation in the environment (soil, water and living organisms). The present review aims to present the most recent findings in the application of phytosynthesized NPs as antimicrobial and antitumoral agents, as well as the results regarding their toxicological potential.

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Xiong, Yuhao, Fang Li, Jingwen Wang, Ailing Huang, Mei Wu, Zhi Zhang, Dongjian Zhu, Wei Xie, Zhenhua Duan, and Linjing Su. "Simple multimodal detection of selenium in water and vegetable samples by a catalytic chromogenic method." Analytical Methods 10, no. 18 (2018): 2102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00265g.

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Puche, Emilio, and Manuel Perea. "Esterases and anti-tumoral chemotherapy: an interaction of clinical and toxicological interest." Clinica Chimica Acta 304, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00347-8.

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Emmanouil, C., M. Bekyrou, C. Psomopoulos, and A. Kungolos. "An Insight into Ingredients of Toxicological Interest in Personal Care Products and A Small–Scale Sampling Survey of the Greek Market: Delineating a Potential Contamination Source for Water Resources." Water 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122501.

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Wastewater is not a waste but a valuable resource that should be reused. Nevertheless, it should be devoid of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters that can harm the consumer. Along with the multitude of possible pollutants found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), emerging pollutants, such as Personal Care Products (PCPs), have arisen. The present research examines some of the main ingredients commonly found in PCPs, focusing on their toxicological profile on their occurrence in WWTPs influents and effluents worldwide and on their persistence and biodegradability. A small-scale market sampling of PCPs was performed in Athens, Greece, in June 2019, and their individual ingredients were recorded, coded according to their main activity, scanned for the presence of ingredients of important toxicological profile, and finally analyzed for the presence of other candidates of toxicological interest. Results show that some ingredients of concern (i.e., parabens and triclosan) are a decreasing trend. On the other hand, information on the presence of synthetic musks and perfume synthesis is scarce and encumbered by brand protection. Finally, UV filters are numerous, and they are used in various combinations, while other ingredients of toxicological interest are also present. Since the reclaimed water may well be used to cover irrigation needs in Greek areas with water deficiency or to enrich bodies of surface water, it is important to know what PCP ingredients are on the rise in the market, to monitor their presence in WWTPs influents and effluents and to extend research on their environmental fate and behavior.

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Perales, Eduardo, Laura Lomba, María García-Escudero, Esther Sarasa, Carlos E. Lafuente, and Beatriz Giner. "Toxicological study of some ionic liquids." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0031.

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Abstract The increasing interest in the development of new environment-friendly solvents has led to the synthesis of new materials that minimize the impact of solvents on the environment. However, most of the published studies on green solvents focus primarily on their physicochemical properties, with limited emphasis on their toxicological risk in the environment. In this study, the acute toxicities of five ionic liquids, 1-propylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-2-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, on Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna are evaluated. In the latter bioassay, the presence and position of a methyl group on the pyridinium ring or the length of the chain attached to the nitrogen atom seem to be the key factors for toxicity. In the Vibrio fischeri study, the alkyl chain attached to the nitrogen atom has a considerable influence on EC50 values. Moreover, quantitative structure activity relationship studies are performed to relate their physicochemical properties with their acute toxicity.

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Aouam, Yasmine, Sabah Benhamza, Kenza Damaane, Mohamed Lazraq, Youssef Miloudi, Ghizlane Berdai, Imane Rahmoune, et al. "INTEREST OF EARLY TOXICOLOGICAL SAMPLING DURING ALPHA CHLORALOSE IN TOXICATION, A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17306.

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Alphachloralosis intoxication isverycommon and constitutes a real public healthproblem. Diagnosisisdifficultbecause of itsaspecificsymptoms, whichmayerroneously point to other pathologies, hence the importance of good questioning.The clinicalpictureis suggestive of disturbedconsciousness, myoclonus, sharposteotendinous reflexes with changes in pupillarydiameter, hypersialorrhoea and bronchial hypersecretion. A definitivediagnosisisbased on the detection of alphachloralose in gastricfluid, urine and blood. Toxicological samples must betaken as soon as possible after ingestion, otherwisetheywillbenegative. Progress isusuallyfavourable, and the severity of intoxication depends on the dose ingested. Treatmentismainlysymptomatic and isbased on evacuation of the toxic substance, protection of the airways and control of myoclonus.

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Boraschi, Diana. "An Evolutionary and Environmental Perspective of the Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12060957.

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Assessing the modes of interaction between engineered nanomaterials and the immune system is a topic of particular interest for research in several fields, from a toxicological and safety perspective to potential nano-based immunomodulatory strategies for medical use [...]

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Cruz, A., M. Lopez-Rivadulla, P. Fernandez, and A. M. Bermejo. "Simultaneous Sequential Determination of Compounds of Toxicological Interest in Mixtures by Derivative Spectroscopy." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 16, no. 4 (July 1, 1992): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/16.4.240.

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Akintonwa, Dunstan A. A. "High-pressure liquid chromatography separation of phenobarbitone, thiourea, and thioacetamide of toxicological interest." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 10, no. 2 (October 1985): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(85)90060-0.

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Voynova, Maria, Aleksandar Shkondrov, Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina, and Ilina Krasteva. "Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine." Pharmacia 67, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56112.

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Amanita muscaria, commonly known as fly agaric, is a basidiomycete. Its main psychoactive constituents are ibotenic acid and muscimol, both involved in ‘pantherina-muscaria’ poisoning syndrome. The rising pharmacological and toxicological interest based on lots of contradictive opinions concerning the use of Amanita muscaria extracts’ neuroprotective role against some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, its potent role in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and other socially significant health conditions gave the basis for this review. Facts about Amanita muscaria’s morphology, chemical content, toxicological and pharmacological characteristics and usage from ancient times to present-day’s opportunities in modern medicine are presented.

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Wille, Sarah M. R., Karolien Van Dijck, Antje Van Assche, Vincent Di Fazio, Maria del Mar Ramiréz-Fernandéz, Vanessa Vanvooren, and Nele Samyn. "The Interest of a Systematic Toxicological Analysis Combined with Forensic Advice to Improve the Judicial Investigation and Final Judgment in Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault Cases." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14050432.

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The conviction rate in drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases is known to be very low. In addition, the potential impact of toxicological results on the case is often not well understood by the judicial authorities. The aims of this study were (1) to obtain more knowledge concerning the prevalence of incapacitating substances in DFSA cases, (2) to create a more efficient DFSA analysis strategy taking background information into account, and (3) to evaluate the potential impact of systematic toxicological analysis (STA) on the final judicial outcome. This small-scale epidemiological study (n = 79) demonstrates that ‘commonly-used’ illicit drugs, psychoactive medicines and ethanol are more prevalent in DFSA cases in contrast to the highly mediatized date rape drugs. Additionally, via case examples, the interest of performing STA—to prove incapacitation of the victim—in judicial procedures with mutual-consent discussions has been demonstrated as it led to increased convictions. However, more attention has to be paid to ensure a short sampling delay and to get more accurate information from the medical treatment of the alleged victim. This will improve the interpretation of the toxicological analysis and thus its applicability in a DFSA case. The future is multi-disciplinary and will certainly lead to an efficient and more cost-effective DFSA approach in which STA can impact the final judgment.

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Damstra, T., and Y. Kurokawa. "U.S.-Japan joint meeting on the toxicological characterization of environmental chemicals of mutual interest." Environmental Health Perspectives 87 (July 1990): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9087301.

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Kohlmünzer, Stanisław, Janina Węgiel, and Jan Grzybek. "Mycelial culture of Xerocomus chrysenteron and its metabolites." Acta Mycologica 33, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1998.028.

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Subject to analysis was mycelial culture of <i>Xerocomus chrysenteron</i> and its metabolites which night be of pharmaceutical on toxicological interest. Several groups of metabolites were analysed: steroids, fatty acids, indole desiratives, aminoacid, sugars - using chromatographic analytical methods. Amony others soma interesting idolic substances were detected.

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Frost, Joachim. "Death by self-inflicted asphyxia with helium – First case reports from Norway and review of the literature." Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjfs-2013-0010.

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ABSTRACT An increasing number of asphyxia suicides by inhalation of inert gases have been reported from different parts of the world over the last decade. So far this phenomenon has not been described in our country. This article presents the first two case reports from Norway of presumed suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation from a closed plastic bag over the head. In both cases a forensic autopsy, which included comprehensive toxicological analysis, was requested and performed. In the two cases death was attributed to asphyxia due to helium inhalation, and suffocation due to a plastic bag over the head and aspiration of gastric contents, respectively. Toxicological analysis revealed no findings contributing to the deaths. The absence of toxicological and autopsy findings to determine the cause of death in such cases may represent challenges of clinical and forensic significance. In contrast to the promotion of this method by euthanasia interest groups for the terminally ill reported suicides by helium asphyxiation primarily involve relatively young individuals suffering from psychiatric and/or substance use disorders, and not from terminal illness.

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Mueller, Danica C., James S. Bonner, and Robin L. Autenrieth. "TOXICOLOGICAL MONITORING OF AN OIL-IMPACTED ESTUARINE MARSHLAND." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 1000–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-1000.

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ABSTRACT Toxicological monitoring was conducted on an estuarine marshland in the Houston Ship Channel following a local oil spill. Acute toxicity of petroleum-contaminated sediments, as determined by the Microtox Bioassay, was used to monitor intrinsic recovery of the impacted marsh. Sediment toxicity was determined by performing the Microtox 100% test on elutriates from wet sediment samples collected over a 7-month period following the spill. Toxic responses were examined for spatial and temporal relationships and were compared to various parameters of interest, including total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), total extractable materials (commonly referred to as oil and grease [O&G]), and GC/MS-quantified total saturates and aromatics. Toxicity was randomly distributed within the study site and decreased with time. Acute toxicity was correlated with TPH measurements and moderately correlated with GC/MS-quantified saturate concentrations. However, toxicity levels were not correlated with O&G or GC/MS aromatic summations.

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Virkel, Guillermo, Mariana Ballent, Carlos Lanusse, and Adrián Lifschitz. "Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 7 (May 14, 2019): 1251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180201094730.

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Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and the adverse or toxic effects of drugs may differ across domestic animals. Moreover, the use of drugs in food-producing species may impose a risk for humans due to the generation of chemical residues in edible products, a major concern for public health and consumer's safety. As is clearly known in human beings, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) of transport proteins may influence the bioavailability and elimination of numerous drugs and other xenobiotics in domestic animals as well. A number of drugs, currently available in the veterinary market, are substrates of one or more transporters. Therefore, significant drug-drug interactions among ABC substrates may have unpredictable pharmacotoxicological consequences in different species of veterinary interest. In this context, different investigations revealed the major relevance of P-gp and other transport proteins, like breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), in both companion and livestock animals. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the ABC transporters and the deep understanding of their physiological role in the different species introduced a new paradigm into the veterinary pharmacology. This review focuses on the expression and function of the major transport proteins expressed in species of veterinary interest, and their impact on drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity.

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Fonseca-Santos, Bruno, Marcos Antonio Corrêa, and Marlus Chorilli. "Sustainability, natural and organic cosmetics: consumer, products, efficacy, toxicological and regulatory considerations." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 51, no. 1 (March 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502015000100002.

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The interest in sustainable products has increased along the years, since the choice of products, packaging and production processes have a great impact on the environment. These products are classified by regulatory agencies in different categories, aggregating advantages to the product and increasing the demand by consumers. However, there is no harmonization in guidelines of these certifying agencies and each cosmetic industry formulates their product and packaging in a more rational way, which causes less damage to the environment. Many cosmetic products have in their formulation natural products that perform a specific biological function, but these products should be evaluated on efficacy and toxicological aspects. The aim of this article is to approach sustainability, natural and organic cosmetics, considering the consumer and the efficacy, toxicological and regulatory aspects.

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Nurunabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad, Miliva Mozaffor, Mohammad Tipu Sultan, Md Mozaharul Islam, and Kaisar Haroon. "Utilization of Brain Tissue as A Viable Postmortem Toxicological Specimen: A Review on Collection and Preservationof Samplefor Toxicological Analysis and Its Advantage Over Other Specimens." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v11i2.61455.

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Collection of proper autopsy specimen and preservation are essential stepsfor the toxicological analysis in Forensic Medicine. Faulty collection and preservation of the specimens/samples can greatly alter or negate forensic chemical or toxicologicalexamination. In forensic toxicology practicein Bangladesh, postmortem specimen that is subjected to toxicological examinations generally focusing on mainly blood and sometimes urine or other fuds from different body cavities. Analysis of blood from different anatomical sites and tissue samples and urine may assist in the interpretation of the postmortem results. However, in many postmortem cases, there is little or no blood for quantitative drug analysis, or there might be such traumatic injury which led to significant blood loss or there is possibility of contamination form contents of the ruptured stomach. Besides, analysis of urine reveals negative result, if death occurs closely the time of intoxication. Given the circumstances, brain tissue may be a valuable specimen in postmortem toxicological analysis. The position of the brain in the body secures a tremendous protection and isolation which can eliminates or at least attenuates many of the interpretive challenges with postmortem blood, urine or other fluid specimens.This review paper is an update on the standard methods of brain tissue specimen collection and preservationprocedures for toxicological analysis and its value as well as advantages over other specimens, which might be of possible interest for forensic professionals in the country. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 114-117

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Chaskiel, Patrick. "FROM EMERGENT TO INNOVATIVE RISKS IN FRANCE: SPECIFICATION OR STANDARDIZATION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF NANOMATERIALS?" International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3836.

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The process by which occupational risks in industry and manufacturing emerge has been established as a subject of research in sociology. This often-contentious process draws on toxicological findings that may or may not be accepted as established, and on epidemiological observations of pathologies. Logically enough, there has been little interest in the toxicological risks of innovative industrial technologies, due to a lack of specific cases. With the development of new technologies such as nanomaterials, the question of risks has been formally raised but has not been addressed in terms of clear toxicological results or epidemiological observations. My goal in this article is to introduce the notion of “innovative risk” to refer to a process of making risks a subject of research and discussion before evidence of health problems has been established. By examining how French labor administrations and occupational medicine organizations monitor such risks in companies and research laboratories, I will demonstrate a tension between, on the one hand, the acknowledged specificity of these risks, and, on the other hand, the standardization of actual oversight. This tension calls into question the ability of research on industrial occupational risks to approach and analyze innovative risks.

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Paulino, Sérgio, Filomena Sam-Bento, Catarina Churro, Elsa Alverca, Elsa Dias, Elisabete Valério, and Paulo Pereira. "The Estela Sousa e Silva Algal Culture Collection: a resource of biological and toxicological interest." Hydrobiologia 636, no. 1 (November 5, 2009): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9977-4.

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Awada, Fatme, Kamar Hamade, Mounir Kassir, Zeinab Hammoud, François Mesnard, Hassan Rammal, and Ophelie Fliniaux. "Laurus nobilis Leaves and Fruits: A Review of Metabolite Composition and Interest in Human Health." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2023): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074606.

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Laurus nobilis belongs to the family Lauraceae and is characterized by its evergreen nature. It is well known because of its traditional use in cooking and folk medicine. Many studies have been performed regarding its chemical composition and the pharmacological potential it exhibits. It has been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, biocidal, antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinergic properties, making this plant of great clinical importance. The main chemical compounds that show bioactive properties in L. nobilis are terpenoids, phenolics, and fatty acids. The purpose of this review is to describe the main use of L. nobilis, notably of the leaves and fruits, and to relate their metabolite content with their pharmacological and toxicological properties.

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Porter, Abigail W., Sarah J. Wolfson, Max Häggblom, and Lily Y. Young. "Microbial transformation of widely used pharmaceutical and personal care product compounds." F1000Research 9 (February 21, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21827.1.

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Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly used chemicals that are increasingly detected in urban-impacted environments, particularly those receiving treated wastewater. PPCPs may have toxicological effects on the macrofauna that are exposed through contaminated water; thus, there is interest in microbially mediated transformations that may degrade PPCPs. This review discusses specific examples of PPCP transformations that may occur in anoxic environments, including O-methylation and O-demethylation.

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Liu, Y., R. Ran, C. Hu, B. Cui, Y. Xu, H. Liu, S. Quan, et al. "The metabolic responses of HepG2 cells to the exposure of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2015.1981.

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As the number of reported deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination incidents increased steadily over the past decades, there has been a widespread interest in understanding the cellular mechanisms of the toxicological effects of DON using in vitro systems and omics technologies. The present investigation was conducted to understand the metabolomic changes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) exposed to 10 μM DON for short term (4 h) and long term (12 h) periods, using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Our results revealed a remarkable metabolic shift from short term to long term exposure to DON in HepG2 cells. Our metabolomics data also confirmed the role of DON induced oxidative stress in DON toxicity. Coupled with pattern recognition and pathway analysis, effects of DON on redox homeostasis, energy balance, lipid metabolism, and potential toxicological mechanisms were discussed, which would facilitate further studies on the risk assessment of the dietary mycotoxin DON.

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Rius, Ricardo Adrian, Stefano Govoni, Fiorenzo Battaini, and Marco Trabucchi. "Differential sensitivity of [3h]nitrendipine binding to cations of toxicological interest in various rat brain areas." Toxicology Letters 27, no. 1-3 (September 1985): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(85)90126-2.

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Amine, Boumelik Mohamed, Ahmed Youcef, Radja Feriel, Moulai Isra Amel, Belhadj Lahcène, and Boublenza Abdellatif. "The value of toxicology in determining cause of death. A study of 400 autopsy cases." STUDIES IN HEALTH SCIENCES 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54022/shsv4n1-028.

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The interest of a forensic autopsy is the search for the cause of death. However, sometimes doubt suspicion persists about association with toxic substances. In this perspective, it’s important to ask whether such toxicological analyses following a forensic autopsy are important in determining the cause of death. On the other hand, ask yourself, which toxins are most frequently encountered. The question then being is to compare the results of toxicological analyses with the conclusions established during the forensic autopsy. We have tried to show that, during the search for the cause of death, toxicological analyses are essential to assess the participation of xenobiotics in the fatal process. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study, descriptive study on the analysis of toxicological results compared with conclusions from forensic autopsies (N=400), performed on requisition from the judicial authority of the competent territory, in the forensic medicine department (thanatology unit) of the university hospital of Sidi Bel Abbés (Algeria) during the period from January 01,2017 to December 31,2019. The sampling is carried out on different body fluids to determine how the person died. We had at our disposal blood (cardiac and peripheral), urine, gastric contents. Results: we obtained on our sample of 400, 274 males for 126 females with a sex ratio of 2.17. The minimum age was 0 days. The maximum age was 93 years, with a mean of 38 years and a standard deviation of 23 years. The natural form of death represented 41%, the unatural form (suicidal, criminal, accidental) represented 37% and the undetermined form represented 23%. According to the direct causes of death, acute cardiorespiratory distress represents the majority, i.e. 78.5%. Cardiopulmonary diseases represent the majority (28%), followed by death of traumatic origin (23.3%), death of asphyxic origin (12%) and having remained undetermined (19%). Requests for toxicological analysis of autopsies, including the establishment of the cause of death requiring the results of toxicological analysis represent (45%). Of all the results received (N=42), we found that the results that came back positive represent 43%, of which the molecules with neuro-psychotropic effects represent the majority of 50%, then alcohol (20%) and cannabis (10%). Conclusion: In current forensic practice, the performance and analysis of samples for toxicological purposes appears to be an essential step, in order to better understand the circumstances of unatural deaths, and to clarify some situations for which the cause of death does not appear obvious. The evaluation of the nature of the substances most frequently encountered in search for causes of death can be evaluated over time according to the modes of prescription.

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Rendle, D. F., and J. F. Taylor. "Application of Xrf to the Detection and Estimation of Metals in Toxicological Specimens." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800023351.

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The Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory is faced from time to time with cases which require the detection and estimation of metals in biological matrices. These cases generally concern instances, allegations or threats of poisoning and require the analysis of either foodstuffs or body fluids, or both. The elements of particular interest are antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, lead, mercury, and thallium.

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Garg, Rajni, Gene M. Ko, and Carr J. Smith. "QSAR molecular parameters calculated for US EPA ToxCast Phase 1 and 2 chemical compounds tested against embryonic zebrafish." Toxicology Research and Application 1 (January 1, 2017): 239784731770737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847317707371.

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Freshwater and marine environments are exposed to small concentrations of many different chemicals produced by industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and household applications. Due to concerns regarding potential adverse events from these exposures, regulatory agencies around the world have established aquatic toxicology testing protocols that measure untoward responses in a wide variety of freshwater and marine organisms. Following a literature review of databases on the toxicity of chemicals to fish, the embryonic zebrafish ( Danio rerio) database compiled by the Tanguay Laboratory at Oregon State University was determined to be well suited for quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. This database possesses a number of favorable characteristics including large size (1060 unique US Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast phase 1 and 2 chemical compounds), relatively recent data collected using state-of-the-art methods, 18 simultaneously measured toxicological end points, transparent embryos that develop externally thereby facilitating toxicological evaluation, and the vast majority of the genetic code is expressed and active during early life stages. The molecular parameters calculated for each of the chemicals in the database include the logarithm of the octanol–water partition coefficient, molar volume, and molar refractivity. For each chemical, the availability of these molecular parameter values can facilitate future QSAR studies using any of the 18 different toxicological end points measured as the biological activity of interest.

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Calabrese, Edward J. "Another California Milestone: The First Application of Hormesis in Litigation and Regulation." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 1 (January 2008): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810701876554.

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The concept of hormesis has been receiving greater interest in the biomedical and toxicological research communities over the past decade. Of particular importance has been how the hormesis concept may affect risk assessment practices, litigation, and regulation. This paper identifies and discusses what may be the first application of the hormesis concept in environmental assessment and litigation. This occurred in California within the context of an assessment of alleged continuing smelter contamination nearly a century ago.

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Murbach, Timothy S., Róbert Glávits, John R. Endres, Gábor Hirka, Adél Vértesi, Erzsébet Béres, and Ilona Pasics Szakonyiné. "A Toxicological Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a Green Algae." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 1 (January 2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581817746109.

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There is a current worldwide interest in developing novel sustainable nonanimal nutritional sources, and one such source is the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the only green algae that has been studied as a model organism for many biological processes ranging from photosynthesis to flagellar movement. However, its potential as a safe nutritional source for use in various foods has not been thoroughly investigated. To assess the safety of C reinhardtii for use as a nutritional human food ingredient, in accordance with internationally accepted standards, the genotoxic potential and repeated-dose oral toxicity of the dried C reinhardtii (THN 6) algal biomass was investigated. The following studies were conducted: (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test, (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, (3) an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test, and (4) a 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in rats. No evidence of mutagenicity or genotoxic activity was observed in the first 3 tests under the applied test systems. In the 28-day study, male and female Hsd.Han Wistar rats were exposed to daily doses of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg bw by gavage. Following 28 days of continuous exposure, no mortality or treatment-related adverse effects were observed and no target organs were identified. Therefore, a no observed adverse effect level was concluded as 4,000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.

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Fytianos, Konstantinos. "Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Natural Waters: A Review." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 1763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1763.

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Abstract Metal speciation in natural waters is of increasing interest and importance because toxicity, bioavailability, environmental mobility, biogeochemical behavior, and potential risk in general are strongly dependent on the chemical species of metals. This paper provides an overview of the need for speciation of heavy metals in natural waters, the chemical and toxicological aspects of speciation, and the analytical procedures for separation and the different techniques for final determination that are used today. The trends and developments of speciation are also discussed. Finally, the case of chromium (Cr) was selected for a detailed presentation because the speciation of this metal has attracted a great deal of interest in view of the toxic properties of Cr(VI).

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Benramdane, L., M. Accominotti, J. J. Vallon, L. Benramdane, and M. Accominotti. "Validated determination of total arsenic species of toxicological interest (arsenite, arsenate and their metabolites) by atomic absorption spectrometry after separation from dietary arsenic by liquid extraction: toxicological applications." Analyst 123, no. 8 (1998): 1711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a803842b.

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Aubert, Tangi, Nicolas Nerambourg, Chrystelle Neaime, Francisco Cabello-Hurtado, Marie Andrée Esnault, Dominique Lebret-Chauvel, Sylvie Jeanne, et al. "Multi-Functional Silica Nanoparticles Based on Metal Atom Clusters: From Design to Toxicological Studies." Key Engineering Materials 617 (June 2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.617.179.

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We report on the interest of luminescent and nanosized metal atom clusters for the development of functional silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, multi-functional hybrid nanoparticles have been achieved by associating these luminescent clusters with magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals and plasmonic gold nanocrystals. In addition, as part of the risk evaluation before potential applications, the toxicity of the nanoparticles was evaluated both on plants and on human cells.

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Rezaei, Razieh, Mohsen Safaei, Hamid Reza Mozaffari, Hedaiat Moradpoor, Sara Karami, Amin Golshah, Behroz Salimi, and Hossein Karami. "The Role of Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Diseases and Their Effects on the Immune System." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 11 (June 16, 2019): 1884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.486.

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Nanotechnology has been widely exploited in recent years in various applications. Different sectors of medicine and treatment have also focused on the use of nanoproducts. One of the areas of interest in the treatment measures is the interaction between nanomaterials and immune system components. Engineered nanomaterials can stimulate the inhibition or enhancement of immune responses and prevent the detection ability of the immune system. Changes in immune function, in addition to the benefits, may also lead to some damage. Therefore, adequate assessment of the novel nanomaterials seems to be necessary before practical use in treatment. However, there is little information on the toxicological and biological effects of nanomaterials, especially on the potential ways of contacting and handling nanomaterials in the body and the body response to these materials. Extensive variation and different properties of nanomaterials have made it much more difficult to access their toxicological effects to the present. The present study aims to raise knowledge about the potential benefits and risks of using the nanomaterials on the immune system to design and safely employ these compounds in therapeutic purposes.

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Nordberg, Monica, John H. Duffus, and Douglas M. Templeton. "Explanatory dictionary of key terms in toxicology: Part II (IUPAC Recommendations 2010)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 3 (January 22, 2010): 679–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rec-09-03-01.

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The objective of the “Explanatory Dictionary of Key Terms in Toxicology” is to give full explanations of the meaning and usage of toxicological terms chosen for their importance and complexity with regard to the merging of chemistry into toxicology. This requires a full description of the underlying concepts, going beyond a normal dictionary definition. Often linguistic barriers lead to problems in obtaining a common understanding of terminology at an international level and between disciplines. The explanatory comments should help to break down such barriers. This dictionary is a follow-up and continuation of part I published in 2007. It consists of a collection of terms chosen from the IUPAC “Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology”. These terms are organized under 19 main headings. The authors hope that this explanatory dictionary will be helpful to chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, risk assessors, regulators, medical practitioners, regulatory authorities, and everyone with an interest in the application of chemistry to solving toxicological problems. It should be of particular value to those involved in risk assessment and management.

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Soufan, Othman, Jessica Ewald, Charles Viau, Doug Crump, Markus Hecker, Niladri Basu, and Jianguo Xia. "T1000: a reduced gene set prioritized for toxicogenomic studies." PeerJ 7 (October 29, 2019): e7975. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7975.

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There is growing interest within regulatory agencies and toxicological research communities to develop, test, and apply new approaches, such as toxicogenomics, to more efficiently evaluate chemical hazards. Given the complexity of analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously, there is a need to identify reduced gene sets. Though several gene sets have been defined for toxicological applications, few of these were purposefully derived using toxicogenomics data. Here, we developed and applied a systematic approach to identify 1,000 genes (called Toxicogenomics-1000 or T1000) highly responsive to chemical exposures. First, a co-expression network of 11,210 genes was built by leveraging microarray data from the Open TG-GATEs program. This network was then re-weighted based on prior knowledge of their biological (KEGG, MSigDB) and toxicological (CTD) relevance. Finally, weighted correlation network analysis was applied to identify 258 gene clusters. T1000 was defined by selecting genes from each cluster that were most associated with outcome measures. For model evaluation, we compared the performance of T1000 to that of other gene sets (L1000, S1500, Genes selected by Limma, and random set) using two external datasets based on the rat model. Additionally, a smaller (T384) and a larger version (T1500) of T1000 were used for dose-response modeling to test the effect of gene set size. Our findings demonstrated that the T1000 gene set is predictive of apical outcomes across a range of conditions (e.g., in vitro and in vivo, dose-response, multiple species, tissues, and chemicals), and generally performs as well, or better than other gene sets available.

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Kannamkumarath, Sasi S., Rodolfo G. Wuilloud, and Joseph A. Caruso. "Studies of Various Elements of Nutritional and Toxicological Interest Associated with Different Molecular Weight Fractions in Brazil Nuts." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, no. 19 (September 2004): 5773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0496649.

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Singh, Kiran, and Shweta Yadav. "Caenorhabditis elegans: A promising contrivance to study neurotoxicity and oxidative stress." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1610rjbt198206.

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Owing to ubiquitous distribution, high abundances and ecological relevance, Caenorhabditis elegans has strong potential interest as barometer of environment and human health. Ecotoxicological methods are used to evaluate the effect of various anthropogenic contaminants on the ecosystems that circumscribe both in-vivo and in-vitro toxicities to explore the pathways and mechanisms of toxicity and to set precise toxicity thresholds. The interest in C. elegans, as a model organism in toxicological studies, has increased over the past few decades. The enticement of C. elegans comes from the ease of metabolically active digestive, sensory, endocrine, neuromuscular, reproductive systems and genetic manipulation along with the ability to ﬂuorescently label neuronal subtypes. The study reviews the competence of Caenorhabditis elegans as a potential model organism in various toxicity assays specifically neurotoxicity and oxidative stress.

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Pestka, J. "Toxicological mechanisms and potential health effects of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol." World Mycotoxin Journal 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2010.1247.

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Produced by the mould genus Fusarium, the type B trichothecenes include deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their acetylated precursors. These mycotoxins often contaminate cereal staples, posing a potential threat to public health that is still incompletely understood. Understanding the mechanistic basis by which these toxins cause toxicity in experimental animal models will improve our ability to predict the specific thresholds for adverse human effects as well as the persistence and reversibility of these effects. Acute exposure to DON and NIV causes emesis in susceptible species such as pigs in a manner similar to that observed for certain bacterial enterotoxins. Chronic exposure to these mycotoxins at low doses causes growth retardation and immunotoxicity whereas much higher doses can interfere with reproduction and development. Pathophysiological events that precede these toxicities include altered neuroendocrine responses, upregulation of proinflammatory gene expression, interference with growth hormone signalling and disruption of gastrointestinal tract permeability. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve deregulation of protein synthesis, aberrant intracellular cell signalling, gene transactivation, mRNA stabilisation and programmed cell death. A fusion of basic and translational research is now needed to validate or refine existing risk assessments and regulatory standards for DON and NIV. From the perspective of human health translation, biomarkers have been identified that potentially make it possible to conduct epidemiological studies relating DON consumption to potential adverse human health effects. Of particular interest will be linkages to growth retardation, gastrointestinal illness and chronic autoimmune diseases. Ultimately, such knowledge can facilitate more precise science-based risk assessment and management strategies that protect consumers without reducing availability of critical food sources.

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Herrala, Mikko, Johanna Yli-Öyrä, Anjaína Fernandes de Albuquerque, Natália Oliveira de Farias, Daniel Alexandre Morales, Riikka Räisänen, Harold S. Freeman, Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro, and Jaana Rysä. "Waterless Dyeing and In Vitro Toxicological Properties of Biocolorants from Cortinarius sanguineus." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111129.

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As a part of an ongoing interest in identifying environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes and in using liquid CO2 as a waterless medium for applying the resulting colorants to textiles, our attention turned to yellow-to-red biocolorants produced by Cortinarius sanguineus fungus. The three principal target anthraquinone colorants (emodin, dermocybin, and dermorubin) were isolated from the fungal bodies using a liquid–liquid separation method and characterized using 700 MHz NMR and high-resolution mass spectral analyses. Following structure confirmations, the three colorants were examined for dyeing synthetic polyester (PET) textile fibers in supercritical CO2. We found that all three biocolorants were suitable for dyeing PET fibers using this technology, and our attention then turned to determining their toxicological properties. As emodin has shown mutagenic potential in previous studies, we concentrated our present toxicity studies on dermocybin and dermorubin. Both colorants were non-mutagenic, presented low cellular toxicity, and did not induce skin sensitization. Taken together, our results indicate that dermocybin and dermorubin possess the technical and toxicological properties needed for consideration as synthetic dye alternatives under conditions that are free of wastewater production.

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Blinova, Alisa V., Veronika V. Kornilova, Elena V. Bityukova, and Elena G. Rodionova. "Toxicological profile of nanopreparations: methods of assessment and risk analysis for dental treatment." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 22, no. 1 (July 3, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55531/2072-2354.2022.22.1.17-22.

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For the present, we observe the lack of trustworthy study results on nanoparticles in dental preparations provoking somatic diseases or other negative effects in the body. Nevertheless, due to the accelerated development of the nanopreparation industry, the interest in the research on their safety for humans is high. Since nanotechnology and nanopreparations have a number of practical advantages, there is no doubt that the market for materials and preparations made with nanoparticles will expand. This review analyzes data from 33 foreign research papers devoted to toxicity assessment of nanopreparations, published in 20152020 and obtained through the search in the PubMed open database. Our findings could be helpful for researchers and dentists in evaluating the possibility of extrapolation of the scientific results to the dental preparations containing nanoparticles.

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Garousi, Farzaneh. "The toxicity of different selenium forms and compounds – Review." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 64 (March 5, 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/64/1859.

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Selenium (Se) is an unusual metalloid of considerable interest from both a toxicological and a nutritional perspective, with a very narrow safe range of intake. Although there are many reports about its detoxification properties, toxicity aspects of it have also been tracked for several decades. Lots of studies demonstrated that low Se is an efficacious avail whereas high Se can induce toxicity and the significant toxicity of selenium emphasizes the need to assess the health risk of various selenocompounds as nutritional supplements. The toxicity of different forms and compounds of selenium is also summarized in this review.

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Moody, R. L., T. Vo-Dinh, and W. H. Fletcher. "Investigation of Experimental Parameters for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Using Silver-Coated Microsphere Substrates." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 6 (August 1987): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447761.

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The effects of experimental parameters on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for silver-coated microsphere substrates were investigated. The parameters included sphere size, silver thickness, and excitation wavelength. The SERS signal intensity varied as each of these parameters was changed. The potential for increasing SERS sensitivity was illustrated by the detection of benzo(a)pyrene, a molecule of environmental and toxicological interest, at a concentration well below that possible for normal Raman scattering. This work describes some optimization procedures and demonstrates the possibility for further improving SERS enhancement of these silver-coated microsphere substrates by optimizing experimental parameters.

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De Leacy, E. A., N. N. Brown, and A. E. Clague. "Nitromethane interferes in assay of creatinine by the Jaffé reaction." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.8.1772.

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Abstract A patient who ingested a methanol/nitromethane mixture (model airplane fuel) showed an apparent plasma creatinine concentration of 8.0 mmol/L by the Jaffé reaction when the actual creatinine concentration, as measured by a specific enzymatic method, was 0.09 mmol/L. This effect was due to nitromethane in the plasma. Interference by nitromethane with the determination of creatinine by reaction with alkaline picrate (the Jaffé reaction) has not previously been reported. When nitromethane was added to plasma, the apparent creatinine measured was linearly related to the amount of nitromethane added. Comparison of spectral changes occurring during creatinine/picrate and nitromethane/picrate reactions show substantial similarity, suggesting a similar structure for the products. Although the findings are of interest for both their toxicological and analytical implications, the main interest lies with their suggestion of a model system for future investigation of the Jaffé reaction.

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Patureau, D., G. Hernandez-Raquet, P. Balaguer, N. Delgenes, M. Muller, S. Dagnino, and J. P. Delgenes. "Relevant approach to assess performances of wastewater biosolids composting in terms of micropollutants removal." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.662.

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The presence of organic pollutants in wastewater biosolids and their possible impact to the environment contribute to decrease interest for the agricultural spreading of biosolids. It is thus important to have a better overview of sewage sludge quality in terms of organic pollutant content and ecotoxicity assessment. It is also necessary to better understand the impact of biosolid composting processes on the pollutant and toxicity removal. Therefore, concentrations of oestrogens (E), nonyphenol ethoxylates (NPE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and linear alkyl benzene sulphonates (LAS) and some of their associated toxic effects were determined at different stages of a composting process using, respectively, chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays (estrogen receptor α, dioxin receptor and pregnan X receptor reporter cell lines). Pollutants concentrations were higher in the final compost than in biosolid due to dry matter reduction through composting. Mass balance calculation shows a positive impact of the aerobic treatment on the removal of the most degradable pollutants. The three toxicological activities were measured in both biosolids and in the initial and final compost: oestrogenic activity increased whereas dioxin-like and pregnan X activities decreased. The difficulty in correlating chemical and toxicological results underlines the importance of combining both approaches in order to improve the assessment of the compost quality.

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Cunha, Elga Lopes, Simone Santos Oliveira Barros, Michele Cezimbra Perim, Klismam Marques dos Santos, Maria Laura Martins, and Guilherme Nobre L. do Nascimento. "BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF Guazuma ulmifolia Lamark.- SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." DESAFIOS - Revista Interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins 6, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uftv6-6006.

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ABSTRACT The Guazuma ulmifolia Lamark (Malvaceae) is a non-endemic plant, popularly known as mutamba. Its leaves and roots are used in home remedies against dysentery and diarrhea, in the treatment of prostate, as a uterine stimulant and other diseases. Due to the characteristics presented and the growing interest in this species, a systematic review was carried out on the possible pharmacological and toxicological effects of Guazuma ulmifolia Lamark. As active compounds, the articles cited the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds and steroids in different parts of the plant and extracted with different solvents. Regarding the experimental studies, no articles were found with clinical test, and only 4 in vivo studies. About the pharmacological effects we can mention activity against leishmaniasis, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, anti-obesity, antiseptic, cicatrizant and anthelmintic. The registered toxicological tests were directed against lineages of cancer cells, proving effective, however, there is a need for studies to attest the safety of G. ulmifolia use by the population. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out further studies to ensure the use of this plant, to know doses and form of indication, as well as clinical studies in order to guarantee a correct therapy. Keywords: Guazuma ulmifolia, toxicity, medicinal plants.

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Al Sharif, Merilin, Petko Alov, Vessela Vitcheva, Ilza Pajeva, and Ivanka Tsakovska. "Modes-of-Action Related to Repeated Dose Toxicity: Tissue-Specific Biological Roles of PPARγLigand-Dependent Dysregulation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." PPAR Research 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432647.

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Comprehensive understanding of the precise mode of action/adverse outcome pathway (MoA/AOP) of chemicals becomes a key step towards superseding the current repeated dose toxicity testing methodology with new generation predictive toxicology tools. The description and characterization of the toxicological MoA leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are of specific interest, due to its increasing incidence in the modern society. Growing evidence stresses on the PPARγligand-dependent dysregulation as a key molecular initiating event (MIE) for this adverse effect. The aim of this work was to analyze and systematize the numerous scientific data about the steatogenic role of PPARγ. Over 300 papers were ranked according to preliminary defined criteria and used as reliable and significant sources of data about the PPARγ-dependent prosteatotic MoA. A detailed analysis was performed regarding proteins which PPARγ-mediated expression changes had been confirmed to be prosteatotic by most experimental evidence. Two probable toxicological MoAs from PPARγligand binding to NAFLD were described according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) concepts: (i) PPARγactivation in hepatocytes and (ii) PPARγinhibition in adipocytes. The possible events at different levels of biological organization starting from the MIE to the organ response and the connections between them were described in details.

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Elsayed, Hanaa Hussein, Al Sayed A. M. Al-Sherbini, Eman Elsayed Abd-Elhady, and Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed. "Treatment of Anemia Progression via Magnetite and Folate Nanoparticles In Vivo." ISRN Nanotechnology 2014 (March 4, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/287575.

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Iron deficiency anemia is a major global public health problem. Food fortification with iron (Fe) can be an effective strategy to control iron deficiency. An iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) is a new physical and chemical property form. These properties (small particle size, unique physical properties) make nanoiron a great scientific interest especially in the treatment of anemia. The study aimed to reduce anemia by nanoparticles (NPs). Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dewily rats were divided into four groups (12 rats each). Group A represented a negative control. Other groups were fed standard diet iron free and three time of require zinc to reach anemic. Group B fed standard diet with ferrous sulfate until the improvement of the situation of anemia or for 8 weeks. Groups C and D were divided into three subgroups; each subgroup was fed a dose from magnetite or folate coated magnetite NPs. Results showed that symptoms of loss of appetite and severe lethargy demonstrate that magnetite and folate-coated magnetite nanoparticles have serious toxicological effects in vivo. Some doses from NPs improve blood picture during 2 weeks but change in histopathology examinations were occur in some groups within 2 weeks. Nanoparticles were considered the toxicological hazards especially the size of less than 54 nm.

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K, Saravanakumar. "PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF DRYPETES SEPIARIA (WIGHT & ARN.) PAX. & HOFFIM. FROM SILAMBUR SACRED GROVE, TAMILNADU." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj217.

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Drypetes sepiaria (Wight & Arn.) Pax. & Hoffim a medium sized tree member of Euphorbiaceae was investigated to determine the phytochemical constituents present in various extracts of the leaves through GC-MS analysis. Powdered leaf plant materials were subjected to successive extraction with organic solventssuch as methanol by Soxhlet extraction method. In the present study, GC-MS analysis revealed that a total of 23 different compounds identified by using methanol extract and all the identified compounds were medicinally valuable for the treatment of various human ailments. In addition, all the phytochemical compounds were needed for further investigations on toxicological aspects for the development of new lead of therapeutic interest.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Toxicological Interest'

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