Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Toxicity'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Toxicity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Marcelová, Štěpánka. "Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216647.
Full textAnderson, James Ainslie. "Interleukin-2 toxicity." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245045.
Full textEl-Daher, Marie-Thérèse. "Huntingtin proteolysis and toxicity." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T029/document.
Full textHuntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the N-terminus of the protein huntingtin (HTT). A crucial step in HD pathogenesis is the cleavage of full-length HTT into smaller N-terminal (N-ter) fragments that contain the polyQ stretch and that are toxic to neurons. HTT cleavage generates short N-ter fragments whose amino-acid positions range from 1-105 to 1-586. These fragments are observed in HD post mortem brain samples and their participation in neuronal death in HD is well characterized. During my PhD research, I investigated the consequences of full-length mutant HTT proteolysis by developing a time and site-specific controlled system for HTT proteolysis. I have assessed HTT cleavage on two sites caspase-6 and cathepsin Z. My results show that HTT cleavage induces neurotoxicity in vitro as well as in vivo, toxicity which depends on HTT proteolysis pattern. Briefly, we described an intramolecular interaction within the HTT domains which is impaired upon successive proteolysis of HTT. We found that HTT intramolecular interaction buffer mutant N-ter HTT-induced toxicity. Moreover, specific cleavages of the mutant HTT generated toxic N-ter fragments as they translocate into the nucleus. To conclude, my PhD work has shown that additional cleavage of mutant HTT induces cytotoxicity by different mechanisms
Kratchman, Jessica. "Predicting Chronic Non-Cancer Toxicity Levels from Short-Term Toxicity Data." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10263969.
Full textThis dissertation includes three separate but related studies performed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Health in Environmental and Occupational Health. The main goal this dissertation was to develop and assess quantitative relationships for predicting doses associated with chronic non-cancer toxicity levels in situations where there is an absence of chronic toxicity data, and to consider the applications of these findings to chemical substitution decisions. Data from National Toxicology Program (NTP) Technical Reports (TRs) (and where applicable Toxicity Reports), which detail the results of both short-term and chronic rodent toxicity tests, have been extracted and modeled using the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Benchmark Dose Software (BMDS). Best-fit minimum benchmark doses (BMDs) and benchmark dose lower limits (BMDL) were determined. Endpoints of interest included non-neoplastic lesions, final mean body weights and mean organ weights. All endpoints were identified by NTP Pathologists in the abstract of the TRs as either statistically or biologically significant. A total of 41 chemicals tested between 2000 and 2012 were included with over 1700 endpoints for short-term (13 week) and chronic (2 year) exposures.
Non-cancer endpoints were the focus of this research. Chronic rodent bioassays have been used by many methodologies in predicting the carcinogenic potential of chemicals in humans (1). However, there appears to be less emphasis on non-cancer endpoints. Further, it has been shown in the literature that there is little concordance in cancerous endpoints between humans and rodents (2). The first study, Quantitative Relationship of Non-Cancer Benchmark Doses in Short-Term and Chronic Rodent Bioassays (Chapter 2), investigated quantitative relationships between non-cancer chronic and short-term toxicity levels using best-fit modeling results and orthogonal regression techniques. The findings indicate that short-term toxicity studies reasonably provide a quantitative estimate of minimum (and median) chronic non-cancer BMDs and BMDLs.
The next study, Assessing Implicit Assumptions in Toxicity Testing Guidelines (Chapter 3) assessed the most sensitive species and species-sex combinations associated with the best-fit minimum BMDL10 for the 41 chemicals. The findings indicate that species and species-sex sensitivity for this group of chemicals is not uniform and that rats are significantly more sensitive than mice for non-cancerous outcomes. There are also indications that male rats may be more than the other species sex groups in certain instances.
The third and final study, Comparing Human Health Toxicity of Alternative Chemicals (Chapter 4), considered two pairs of target and alternative chemicals. A target is the chemical of concern and the alternative is the suggested substitution. The alternative chemical lacked chronic toxicity data, whereas the target had well studied non-cancer health effects. Using the quantitative relationships established in Chapter 2, Quantitative Relationship of Non-Cancer Benchmark Doses in Short-Term and Chronic Rodent Bioassays, chronic health effect levels were predicted for the alternative chemicals and compared to known points of departure (PODs) for the targets. The findings indicate some alternatives can lead to chemical exposures potentially more toxic than the target chemical.
Lampi, Mark. "Environmental Photoinduced Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Occurrence and Toxicity of Photomodified PAHs and Predictive Modeling of Photoinduced Toxicity." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1248.
Full textPAHs and oxyPAHs readily adsorb to the organic phase of particulate matter in the environment such as sediments. It is logical to conclude that sediment transport will also facilitate the transport of these contaminants, and it has been shown that in the course of transport, degradative processes evoke a change in the profile of the PAHs present. Sediment samples taken along a transect from Hamilton Harbour were fractionated, and analyzed using a 2D HPLC method. All sediments contained intact and modified PAHs, although a marked change was noted in the profile of compounds present in the samples, which differ in distance from shore. Fractions of sediment extract were tested for toxicity using a bacterial respiration assay. Toxicity was observed in fractions containing modified PAHs, and was similar to that of intact PAH-containing fractions.
Subsequently, the toxicities of 16 intact PAHs were assessed to Daphnia magna under two ultraviolet radiation (UV) conditions. The toxicity of intact PAHs generally increased in the presence of full spectrum simulated solar radiation (SSR), relative to visible light plus UVA only. To expand the existing data on the effects of PAH photoproducts to animals, fourteen oxyPAHs were also assayed with D. magna, most of which were highly toxic without further photomodification. The data presented highlight the effects of UV radiation on mediating PAH toxicity. The importance of the role of photomodification is also stressed, as several oxyPAHs were highly toxic to D. magna, a key bioindicator species in aquatic ecosystems.
A QSAR model previously developed for Lemna gibba showed that a photosensitization factor (PSF) and a photomodification factor (PMF) could be combined to describe toxicity. To determine whether it was predictive for D. magna, toxicity was assessed as both EC50 and ET50. As with L. gibba and Vibrio fischeri, neither the PSF nor the PMF alone correlated to D. magna toxicity. However, a PSF modified for D. magna did in fact exhibit correlation with toxicity, which was further improved when summed with a modified PMF. The greatest correlation was observed with EC50 toxicity data. This research provides further evidence that models that include factors for photosensitization and photomodification will likely be applicable across a broad range of species. To gain further knowledge of the roles that the variables contributing to the photosensitization and photomodification, a structural equation model was constructed based on the D. magna QSAR. This model accounted for a high amount of variance in six sets of toxicity data, as well as insight into the mechanisms of phototoxicity affecting different aquatic organisms.
Mazzatorta, Paolo. "Evaluation of pesticide toxicity : a hierarchical QSAR approach to model the acute aquatic toxicity and avian oral toxicity of pesticides." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424819.
Full textTravers, Sarah. "Toxicity of Lake Sediments." Thesis, Ulster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487669.
Full textAl-Mustafa, Z. H. "Methotrexate pharmacokinetics and toxicity." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383988.
Full textAljebab, Fahad. "Corticosteroid toxicity in children." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43388/.
Full textJacox, Laura (Laura A. ). "Molecular toxicity of lead." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114343.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-28).
Introduction - Lead is a heavy metal that has been in use for over 8000 years (White, 2007). It was first smelted it 4000BC as a byproduct of silver processing. Since then, Pb has played a dynamic role in history, possibly contributing to the fall of the Roman Empire (Nraigu, 1983). Pb is a highly malleable and ductile Group IVa metal. It has been utilized in a variety of products including makeup, water pipes, cooking vessels, wine bottle seals, glass, batteries, solder, electronic components, paint, and antiknock fuel additives (White, 2007). Its prevalent, long-term use has distributed anthropogenic Pb across the planet in soil, air-borne dust, and water (White, 2007). As a result, human exposure can occur via inhaled air, dust, food, and drinking water. Pb has no known biological functions, yet it has numerous detrimental effects on the body, several of which have been recognized for millennia.
by Laura Jacox.
S.B.
SOO, CAROL. "MECHANISMS OF OZONE TOXICITY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1020710528.
Full textJagtap, Smita [Verfasser]. "Developmental toxicity and embryo toxicity modelling using human embryonic stem cells / Smita Jagtap." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031095519/34.
Full textBenlashehr, Imad. "Fumonisin toxicity in ducks and turkeys." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0070/document.
Full textFumonisins (FBs) are the major mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, which are found worldwide in maize and maize products. FBs toxic dose and clinical signs of toxicity vary from one species to another. FBs toxicity is commonly linked to their ability on blocking sphingolipids metabolism in all animal species, including avian species. Previous studies have demonstrated that ducks exhibit higher sensitivity to FBs toxicity than turkeys, whereas, the accumulation of sphinganine (Sa) in tissues is more pronounced in turkeys than in ducks. The objectives of our works were to investigate the causes which lead to different toxicity between ducks and turkeys to FBs exposure. The following three hypotheses were investigated: i) Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B2 in ducks and turkeys. ii) Ability of bird cells to protect themselves against high accumulation of free sphingolipids by increasing their catabolism (phosphorylation). iii) Other toxicity mechanisms of FBs rather than their alteration of sphingolipids metabolism (oxidative stress damage and inflammatory responses). The analysis of toxicokinetic parameters of fumonisin B2 did not provide a significant difference between ducks and turkeys. The measurement of simultaneous toxicity of FBs in ducks and turkeys confirmed higher sensibility of ducks. Also the accumulation of Sphingasine-1-Phosphate (Sa1P) in the liver correlated with the amount of Sa but not parameters of hepatic toxicity. Moreover, this study revealed that the amount of Sa in the liver was strongly dependent on the amount of FBs. On the other hand, FBs had no effect on oxidative damages parameters in both species. Interestingly, FBs had mild inflammatory response effect in ducks but not in turkeys. Further investigation on the effects of FBs on ceramide metabolism and inflammatory processes would be necessary to understand the different toxicity between ducks and turkeys to FBs exposure
Clay, Robert. "Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developmental-toxicity-of-aluminium-and-silver-to-drosophila-melanogaster(f9d8e295-8ce2-4627-bb38-1dae0998b57f).html.
Full textNiwa, Toshimitsu. "Uremic Toxicity of Indoxyl Sulfate." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12904.
Full textRamaekers, Johannes Gerardus. "Behavioral toxicity of medicinal drugs." Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8527.
Full textSundstøl, Eriksen Gunnar. "Metabolism and toxicity of trichothecenes /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a400.pdf.
Full textSchick, Brian Adam. "Statin-induced muscle mitochondrial toxicity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/908.
Full textBalharry, Dominique. "Gene profiling of lung toxicity." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55980/.
Full textCraff, Melody Nikki. "The pathogenesis of fructose toxicity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620036.
Full text江卓庭 and Cheuk-ting Kong. "Chloramphenicol-induced toxicity on haemopoiesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122099X.
Full textStec, Anna Agnieszka. "Fire toxicity and its measurement." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440710.
Full textReid, Vanessa Claire. "Macrophage toxicity of lipid oxidation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308384.
Full textPu, Yubing. "Toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0001/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve understandings of toxicity of various engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to human and ecosystem. It is realized via coordinating toxicological data and a scientific consensus environmental model -- the USEtox model. As an important element in life cycle impact assessment, the characterization factor (CF) is employed as a toxicity indicator for human and ecosystem in this work. To obtain the firsthand dose-response phenomena and human toxicological data, in vitro experiments have been conducted by exposing freshly isolated porcine neutrophils to three kinds of ENPs (i.e. copper, nickel and aluminum oxide nanoparticles). The morphologies, mortality rates, and chemiluminescence, of neutrophils are observed or monitored. Additionally, to estimate the persistence time of ENPs in freshwater ecosystem, a fate model on the basis of colloid science is developed. It takes nano-specific behaviors of ENPs into account and includes recommendations of regionalized hydrological parameters. Finally, a comprehensive literature survey is accomplished to collect the ecotoxicological data of various ENPs. Under the framework of USEtox model, the non-carcinogenic human toxicological CFs for Copper NPs and the ecotoxicological CFs for 14 ENPs are recommended. These CF values could be useful in the future when evaluating the environmental impacts of products containing ENPs
Cook, Rosemary Elisabeth Dalzell. "Iron toxicity to wetland plants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14833/.
Full textMotsoeneng, Khothatso Patricia. "The toxicity of silver nanoparticles." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4700.
Full textUnavailability and contamination of available water resources are major factors contributing to adverse health conditions worldwide. AgNPs present a potential strategy for water purification; however, their ability to accumulate in organs such as the kidneys, lungs and spleen is a possible source of toxicity. This study investigates the toxicity of AgNPs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). S. cerevisiae is an excellent model organism for assessing toxic compounds that affect eukaryotic organisms due to their ease of cultivation. AgNPs were prepared by photo-reduction of silver nitrate with OSRAM Vitalux lamp (300 W and 230 V) in the presence of stabilizing agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and citric acid, yielding AgNPs. The effects of varying the concentration of the stabilizing agent, time of exposure to the light source, and pH were investigated. The formation of AgNPs was analysed by ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscope techniques. The results showed that the AgNPs absorbed ultra-violet radiation between 400 and 500 nm and TEM images showed the particles to be both spherical and needle-like in shape. The shapes of the AgNPs were largely dependent on the synthesis method applied. The toxicity of AgNPs was assessed using metabolic activity of yeast cells as biomarker andmonitored with of the chromogenic assay, XTT. S. cerevisiae was introduced into different concentrations of AgNPs and incubated at 37oC for 72 h. After the incubation, XTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability. The XTT results showed that high concentration of AgNPs (100 µg/mL) inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae. The synthesis of AgNPs and theassessment of their toxicity on S. cerevisiae was thus undertaken and established in this work.
Ng, Jasmine Christina. "Toxicity of cadmium in hepatocytes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844145/.
Full textAnneken, John H. "Glutamate and MDMA Neurobehavioral Toxicity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353342344.
Full textPeebles, Brian Christopher. "Pulmonary Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274902471.
Full textHsieh, Heidi. "Zinc Toxicity in Odora Cells." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313756131.
Full textVieira, Pedro Emanuel Ferreira dos Reis. "Amino acid toxicity in Zebrafish." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8229.
Full textProteins are synthetized through the mechanism of translation and are constituted by amino acids. Besides being the basic units of proteins, amino acids also play other important roles in the cell such as signaling or regulation of cell growth. However, in excess, amino acids can be toxic, although the mechanism of toxicity is still not clear. In this study we used zebrafish as a vertebrate model to assess the toxicity induced by different amino acids as a result of nutritional imbalance. Moreover, we evaluated the changes induced by amino acid toxicity during zebrafish development in order to understand if this toxicity could be related with wrong incorporation of mischarged amino acids during translation. The results show that some of the canonical amino acids cause high toxicity in zebrafish, namely L-tryptophan, L-glutamine, Lphenylalanine and L-arginine. To understand if this toxicity could be caused by the production of aberrant proteins, due to tRNA mischarging, result of an unbalanced amino acid pool, we analyzed the activation of protein degradation pathways. For this we did western blot analysis of the poliubiquitination state of the proteome. No differences were observed between different amino acid concentrations and the control indicating that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is not directly correlated with the amino acid toxicity observed.
As proteínas são sintetizadas através do mecanismo de tradução e são constituídas por aminoácidos. Além de serem as unidades básicas das proteínas, os aminoácidos também desempenham outras funções importantes na célula, tais como sinalização ou regulação do crescimento celular. No entanto, em excesso, os aminoácidos podem ser tóxicos, embora o mecanismo de toxicidade não esteja claro. Neste estudo, usámos o peixezebra como modelo vertebrado para avaliar a toxicidade induzida por diferentes aminoácidos como resultado do desiquílibrio nutricional. Para tal, avaliámos as alterações induzidas pela toxicidade de aminoácidos durante o desenvolvimento do peixe-zebra, para compreender se esta toxicidade podia estar relacionada com a incorporação errada de aminoácidos durante a tradução. Os resultados mostram que alguns dos aminoácidos causam toxicidade em peixe-zebra, nomeadamente, L-triptofano, L-glutamina, Lfenilalanina e L-arginina. Para entender se esta toxicidade pode ser causada pela produção de proteínas aberrantes, devido ao carregamento errado de aminoácidos no tRNA, resultante de um excesso de aminoácidos, analisámos a activação de vias de degradação de proteínas. Para isso realizámos análises por western blot do estado de poliubiquitinação do proteoma. Não foram observadas diferenças entre as diferentes concentrações de aminoácidos e do controlo, indicando que a via da ubiquitina-proteossoma não está directamente relacionada com a toxicidade de aminoácidos observada.
Promtong, Pawika. "Determinants of silver nanoparticle toxicity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/determinants-of-silver-nanoparticle-toxicity(5b09211a-35b6-4f8c-8677-a76f652494b3).html.
Full textSheridan, Peter Oliver. "Amalgam restorations and mercury toxicity." Connect to full text, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4412.
Full textTitle from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dental Surgery to the Faculty of Dentistry. Degree awarded 1992; thesis submitted 1991. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
Stewart, Christine Catherine. "Toxicity of mutant membrane proteins /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10259.
Full textKong, Cheuk-ting. "Chloramphenicol-induced toxicity on haemopoiesis /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20604531.
Full textQuay, Brigitte de. "Drug toxicity in human lymphocytes /." Bern, 1990. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textVanEngelen, Michael Robert. "Molecular aspects of uranium toxicity." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/vanengelen/VanEngelenM1209.pdf.
Full textSheridan, Peter. "Amalgam restorations and mercury toxicity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4412.
Full textSheridan, Peter. "Amalgam restorations and mercury toxicity." University of Sydney, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4412.
Full textThe safety of amalgam restorations has been challenged, claims having been made that health risks are associated with the constituent mercury. There are assertions that mercury released from amalgam produces mercury poisoning, and is thus responsible for diverse symptoms of impaired health as well as disease states such as Multiple Sclerosis. This study examines the various forms of mercury and their effects and attempts particularly to delineate the significance of dental amalgam as a factor in hypersensitivity reactions and in the human body burden of mercury. Dental personnel are evaluated as a potentially high-risk group for mercury exposure. Dental amalgam and alternative restorative materials are considered, the removal of amalgam being evaluated as a therapeutic modality. The “anti-amalgam” perspective is scrutinised and the validity of the claims assessed. A review of the scientific literature, and the statements of national and international dental and scientific literature, and the statements of national and international dental and scientific organisations reflect the general support for the safety of dental amalgam. There is no evidence that health risks are associated with the use of dental amalgam other than rare local allergic reactions and oral lichenoid lesions. Notwithstanding the usefulness and safety of dental amalgam certain recommendations and conclusions are made in respect of future approaches to the utilisation of this material and for mercury in general. Further objective scientific research is necessary to determine the effects on human health of chronic exposure to low levels of mercury. There is the need for accurate general population threshold levels to be established for mercury vapour with special consideration for the vulnerable members of the community. The health professions have a significant role to play in providing informed opinion and advice for their patients and the public, in countering the more eccentric claims of the anti-amalgamists and assuaging the anxiety and confusion which accompanies this subject.
Shubat, Pamela Jane. "Monocrotaline toxicity and pulmonary arteries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184533.
Full textSpanarkel, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Toxicity in Wheat." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6766.
Full textVignaud, Hélène. "Étude de la toxicité du peptide amyloïde beta Aß42 dans la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22068/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. This pathology is caused by aggregation of Aß peptides. The exact mechanism of neuronal cell dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease is poorly understood and numerous models have been used to decipher the mechanisms leading to cellular death. In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Aß, we generated a new model to study Aß toxicity in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our model, Aß toxicity is closely related to its secretion and its intracellular traffic. Indeed, when Aß is targeted to the secretory pathway, it is able to produce toxic species. Interestingly, we demonstrated also that even if Aß is addressed to the secretory pathway, it is still able to form cytoplasmic aggregates. Moreover, with this model, we generated new highly toxic mutants of Aß by random mutagenesis. In order to correlate structural conformation ‘signature’ to Aß toxicity, we performed a structure-toxicity study of these new variants. In vitro, we demonstrated that a new anti-parallel aggregation pathway is associated with highly toxic mutants of Aß. Then, using our Aß yeast model and also these harmful variants, we performed genetic screens in order to identify candidate genes able to modulate Aß toxicity in vivo. Given these different screens, we found that vesicular trafficking, endocytosis via actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and ESCRT-III (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Tansport) open new avenues to improve our understanding of Aß toxicity
Billat, Pierre-André. "Relations exposition-effets et pharmacogénétique du ganciclovir chez le patient transplanté." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0050/document.
Full textCytomegalovirus infection is a major issue in transplant patients as it affects the graft survival and contributes to patients’ morbi-mortality. The implementation of ganciclovir prophylaxis has significantly decreased its incidence, however GCV frequently induces neutropenia. This adverse effect leads to a decrease in the ganciclovir dose or to a discontinuation of the therapy, thereby favoring viral resistance. Resistance to ganciclovir is a growing problem in solid organ transplantion because of the lack of proper data to support treatment decisions when it is encountered. In this context we aim at better understanding the factors involved in this toxicity. First we explored the intracellular metabolism of ganciclovir in patients’ white blood cells. We found that the active form of ganciclovir is associated with neutrophil toxicity at month 3 of treatment. Then we explored the effect of targeted polymorphisms among transporter genes in two cohorts of renal transplant patients. We found that a single nucleotide polymorphism is strongly associated with a decrease in the neutrophil count and in ganciclovir intracellular accumulation. This thesis provides relevant tools for a deeper exploration of ganciclovir intracellular metabolism and accumulation which might be useful for the prevention of ganciclovir induced neutropenia
Gillespie, Annika Margaret. "Environmental toxicity of complex chemical mixtures." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1017.
Full textReimers, Mark J. "Ethanol-dependent developmental toxicity in zebrafish /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2005.
Find full textFinnilä, M. A. (Mikko A. J. ). "Bone toxicity of persistent organic pollutants." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205090.
Full textTiivistelmä Altistumisen pysyville orgaanisille ympäristökemikaaleille on todettu heikentävän luustoa. Dioksiinien ja dioksiininkaltaisten yhdisteiden vaikutusten on havaittu välittyvän aryylihiilivetyreseptorin (AHR) välityksellä. Huolimatta pitkään kestäneestä tutkimuksesta POP-yhdisteiden sikiönkehityksen aikaisen altistuksen vaikutukset ja etenkin niiden mekanismit ovat edelleen huonosti tunnettuja, samoin kuin AHR:n osuus POP-yhdisteiden luutoksisuudessa ja luuston kehityksessä ylipäätään. Tässä työssä tutkittiin luuston rakenteellisia ja mekaanisia ominaisuuksia niin perinteisillä kuin uusimmilla biolääketieteen tekniikan menetelmillä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on saada uutta tietoa POP-altistuksen ja AHR-aktiivisuuden vaikutuksista luuston kehitykseen ja luukudoksen ikääntymisprosesseihin, mikä edesauttaa kyseisten yhdisteiden riskinarviointia. Tutkimuksissa altistettiin kantavia rottaemoja 2,3,7,8-tetraklooridibenzo-p-dioksiinille (TCDD), pohjoiselle saasteseokselle ja kaupalliselle Arokloori 1254 PCB-seokselle. Sikiönkehityksen aikana altistuneiden jälkeläisten luuston poikkileikkausen morfologia ja biomekaaniset ominaisuudet mitattiin ja tulokset mallinnettiin vertailuannoksen määrittämiseksi. Lisäksi TCDD-altistettujen rottien luustomatriisin ominaisuuksia selvitettiin nanoindentaatiomenetelmällä. Samaa menetelmää käytettiin myös aikuisiässä TCDD:lle altistettujen villityypin hiirten ja AHR-poistogeenisiten hiirten tutkimiseen. Näiden hiirten luuston hienorakennetta mitattiin myös korkean resoluution mikro-tietokonetomografialla ja niiden luusolujen aktiivisuutta tutkittiin seerumin biomarkkerien ja luun muodostumiseen osallistuvien geenien ekspressiotasojen avulla. Sikiönkehityksen aikainen altistuminen pohjoiselle saasteseokselle ja Arokloori 1254:lle hidasti luiden pituuskasvua. Lisäksi luiden poikkileikkauspinta-alat olivat pienentyneet ja mekaaniset ominaisuudet heikentyneet. Toisaalta hohkaluun määrä oli lisääntynyt altistumisen seurauksena. Myös sikiönkehityksen aikainen altistuminen TCDD:lle hidasti luukudoksen kypsymistä ja johti aikuisiällä luukudoksen ennenaikaiseen vanhenemiseen. AHR:llä oli päärooli ainakin aikuisiän vaikutusten ilmenemiselle ja reseptorilla vaikutti olevan rooli luuston kehityksessä ylipäätään. Seerumin biomarkkereiden ja geeniekspression muutosten perusteella nämä vaikutukset johtuvat todennäköisesti luuston uusiutumisen häiriöistä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että POP-yhdisteet heikentävät luustoa, mutta tämän ilmiön diagnosoiminen on hankalaa, koska huonolaatuisen kuoriluun sisällä hohkaluun määrä on lisääntynyt
Soliman, Gamal. "A study of acetaminophen analogues' toxicity." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4926.
Full textLeo, Bey Fen. "Stability and toxicity of silver nanomaterials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/40887.
Full textBain, Peter A., and n/a. "Gene Expression Profiling of Cylindrospermopsin Toxicity." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20080404.145834.
Full textLeBlanc, Gregory Andrew. "The nigrostriatal toxicity of beta-carbolines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31222.pdf.
Full text