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1
Mathew, Blessy Baby, Monisha Jaishankar, Vinai George Biju, and Krishnamurthy Nideghatta Beeregowda. "Role of Bioadsorbents in Reducing Toxic Metals." Journal of Toxicology 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4369604.
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Industrialization and urbanization have led to the release of increasing amounts of heavy metals into the environment. Metal ion contamination of drinking water and waste water is a serious ongoing problem especially with high toxic metals such as lead and cadmium and less toxic metals such as copper and zinc. Several biological materials have attracted many researchers and scientists as they offer both cheap and effective removal of heavy metals from waste water. Therefore it is urgent to study and explore all possible sources of agrobased inexpensive adsorbents for their feasibility in the removal of heavy metals. The objective was to study inexpensive adsorbents like various agricultural wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, oil palm shell, coconut shell, and coconut husk in eliminating heavy metals from waste water and their utilization possibilities based on our research and literature survey. It also shows the significance of developing and evaluating new potential biosorbents in the near future with higher adsorption capacity and greater reusable options.
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SHEVCHUK, T. V., and N. F. DOROSHKEVICH. "MIGRATION OF TOXIC METALS FROM VEGETABLE WASTE IN COMPOST." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 2(150) (December 17, 2019): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2019-150-2-145-151.
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The article presents the results of studies of the heavy metals transformation from the raw plant materials (dry leaf, lawn grass, vegetable wastes) in the process of composting using the Californian worm. It is known that in cities during the growing season, a large number of fallen leaves is accumulated. It is a valuable raw material for fuel production; it is an excellent thermal insulator, it is considered to be a good mulch and can be recycled. We have developed a humus technology based on vegetable waste (fallen leaves) with the help of a Californian worm. Before composting, the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) was determined in foliage collected from the streets of Vinnitsa. Analyzes showed that the background of these metals in plant waste did not exceed the maximum permissible norms. It has been experimentally proved that composting involves the conversion of heavy metals from fallen leaves to the body of the Californian worm and removing them as insoluble components in the lower compass. In addition, it has been experimentally established that during the composting period various heavy metals showed uneven migration and transformation in a soluble form. The most active was adsorption and removal of zinc compost. It was found that humic water-soluble compounds convert more than 78% of the total zinc that was contained in the composted substrate. The least mobile compound was lead. However, even such a metal, as lead, during 150 days of composting by the California worm, turned into 40% soluble form and migrated to the lower layers of humic liquids. Thus, the processing of vegetable waste from cities (fallen leaves, lawn grass, garbage disposal, etc.) by composting using growing worms will not only solve the social problem of utilization, but will also contribute to increasing environmental safety and economic efficiency. Key words: heavy metals, transformation, California worms, compost, vegetable waste, utilization.
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Lakshmi, M., and J. Ranjitha. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater using Low-Cost Waste Materials." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2701rjce1290140.
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The most serious environmental problem in the world is heavy metal pollution due to industrialization and urbanization. A special concern is to be taken for the removal of heavy metals in the environment. In developing countries, the price effectiveness might be a major factor in the removal of heavy metal toxicity which is a major threat to the environment for several decades. In this study, heavy metal contamination of water bodies has been reviewed here. The toxic effluents from the textile industry, shredding facilities, glass industry, metal industry, refinery, automobile industry, pharmaceutical industry, semiconductor industry, printing industry, catering industry landfill leakage contain a huge amount of heavy metals in their waste. The conventional methods are very expensive, energy-intensive and sometimes generate a toxic byproduct. The current review focuses on the adsorption technique of heavy metals removal using different adsorbent materials from waste naturally. Numerous low-cost adsorbents are widely used such as garlic peel, jack fruit peel, oil palm trunk fiber, rice bran and wheat bran, broad bean peel, groundnut shell, raw agricultural solid waste, papaya seeds, leaf biomass etc. explored for the removal of toxic heavy metal from wastewater. These absorbents materials naturally have their origin by themselves such as zeolites, clay, sphagnum moss and polysaccharide which are found to be efficient agents for the removal of toxic metals like lead Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Hg, Cr, etc. Numerous agricultural wastes like rice husk, neem bark, black gram, waste tea-coffee, walnut-shell, coconut coir, coconut husk, bagasse etc., are widely used for the heavy metal removal in a sustainable nature.
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Mitra, Anindita, and Soumya Chatterjee. "Environmental Amelioration Using Aquatic Macrophytes: Emphasizing Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 5, no. 6 (March 11, 2016): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.5(6).p244-250.
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Pollution of the aquatic environment with toxic metals has been attracting considerable attention over the past decades and increasing urbanization, industrialization and overpopulation are the main cause. Due to this toxic pollutant the global water crisis is one of the most serious problems facing by the humanity today as also plants and animals are very sensitive to the presence of these toxic metals. Phytoextraction is the most cost effective and environment friendly way to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution by using plants. Macrophytes are important component of aquatic communities due to their roles in oxygen production, nutrient cycling, water quality control, sediment stabilization to provide habitat and shelter for aquatic life and also for being considered efficient heavy metal accumulators. The main route of heavy metal uptake is through their roots in emergent and surface floating plants whereas, leafy submerged plants uptake heavy metals both through roots and leaves. Roots of wetland plants play the primary role in wastewater purification followed by stems and leaves. Aquatic macrophytes therefore are very useful for the treatment of wastewater to mitigate variety of pollution level and now are the important research issues all over the world. In this review an effort has been made to summarize the role of aquatic macrophytes in the removal of heavy metals from the polluted water to improve the water quality.
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Al-Musharafi, Salma K. "Heavy Metals in Sewage Treated Effluents: Pollution and Microbial Bioremediation from Arid Regions." Open Biotechnology Journal 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701610010352.
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Not all heavy metals are toxic. Some at lower concentrations are essential to the physiological status of the organism. Under certain conditions, induced toxicity occurs when the heavy metals are in the form of cations which tends to bind to certain biomolecules, thus becoming toxic to organisms. In many industries, toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, are released mainly in sewage effluents causing major environmental pollution. Several of the heavy metal contaminations resulted from industrial wastes, along with the mining and burning of fossil fuels, leading to water and soil contamination which causes serious health problems. Rapid population growth plus a steady increase in agriculture and industry are the main cause of environmental pollution. The most common sources of heavy metals are fuel combustion, mining, metallurgical industries, corrosion and waste disposal which infiltrates the soil and underground water. When present at certain levels in the human, metals can cause certain diseases. Most of conventional technologies are inefficient to remove heavy metal contaminants. Microbial bioremediation is a potential method for the removal of heavy metal pollution in sewage effluents before being discharged into the environment. However, further research is needed for isolation and identification of microbes resistant to heavy metals. Industrial regulatory standards must be established to regulate the spread of non-essential metals in the environment. The regulations must be rigidly enforced. The rest of the essential metals must also be regulated since an increase over the physiological limit can also be harmful.
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Jamshed, Aleesha, Asif Iqbal, Sohail Ali, Salman Ali, and Mamoon . "A quick review on the applications of nanomaterials as adsorbents." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 13, 2023): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2023.08.00278.
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Urbanization and Industrialization have led to release of higher heavy metals amounts into the atmosphere especially aqueous regions. Heavy metals contaminations of potable water have become a serious challenge especially with toxic elements like mercury, lead, zinc, boron and cadmium. Lot of biological constituents has attracted many scientists and researchers due to qualities of cheap and effectiveness for removing heavy metals from waste water. The nanostructured adsorbents exhibit much higher effectiveness and faster rates of adsorption in treatment of water as compared to conservative materials principally because of the remarkably higher surface areas. In the current review, it has been described that the nanomaterials can be used successfully as cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and efficient adsorbents for the elimination of different toxic substances from wastewater.
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Noreen, Ayesha, Sajid Hussain, Umer Farooq, Tasaddaq Younas, Rahid Khan, and Mohamed Gamal Elsehrawy. "Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Soil at Various Locations in Lahore and their Harmful Impacts on Human and Plants life." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 1578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651578.
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Heavy metals poisoning of soil and water has resulted from industrial expansion in Lahore, Pakistan, creating a significant environmental hazard. As a result, monitoring the contamination of soil and water around industrial sites is critical. The fact that higher concentrations of heavy metals have a negative influence on both plants and human life and this cannot be ignored. Higher heavy metal concentrations have a direct impact on human health due to their presence in drinking water. Consumable plants and vegetables cultivated in these polluted areas may collect higher concentrations of heavy metals from soil and water via the phytoremediation process. Its worth mentioning that the accumulation of toxic metals in edible plants and vegetables also has a direct negative impact on human and animal health. The purpose of this study is to find the heavy metals concentration in the soil and ground water in the Lahore area. Five industrial zones were evaluated for water and soil throughout the research period of December 2021 to January 2022 (pre-monsoon). pH and heavy metals content measurements were performed on the collected soil and water samples. We discovered that the water had a higher pH and that the soil was heavily contaminated with significantly higher concentrations of toxic heavy metals. According to the research, there is a gangrenous influence of pollution caused by industrial waste and the surrounding environment on soil and water resources, which affects living creatures. Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Heavy Metal, Pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution
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A.P., Tripathy, Uma Mahesh A., Padhi N., and Panigrahi A.K. "Comparative Study and Possible Phycoremediation of Effluent of JK Pulp and Paper Mill and Select Heavy Metals on Cyanobacteria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 02, no. 01 (2022): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijbei.2022.v02i01.003.
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Pulp and Paper Mill effluent contains toxic heavy metals like Hg, Cd and Pb. These effluent are deadly toxic to the aquatic organisms as these effluents are discharged into River Nagavalli without biological treatment. The main objective of the present study was to assess the Paper mill effluent: its impact on blue green algae (BGA) and whether BGA can be used for detoxification of the effluent waste water. The contaminated river water contained significant amount of heavy metals. An attempt was made to study the impact of heavy metals like Hg, Cd and Pb present in effluent on BGA/cyanobacterium under laboratory controlled conditions and a strategy was planned to study these heavy metals in combination as mixture. All the heavy metals tested showed stimulation and better growth at sub-lethal concentrations (MAC value) but at higher concentrations heavy metals were deadly toxic. The heavy metals when combined produced higher toxicity. No stimulation in the exposed alga was observed in heavy metal combinations. The algae could remove heavy metals from the effluent of the paper mill. The paper mill effluent though highly toxic but showed better behavior at sub-lethal concentrations towards the cyanobacterium. From the observed data it is evident that Westiellopsis was more tolerant than other BGA tested. This alga has potency to grow under stressful conditions and can be safely used for phycoremediation of paper mill effluent after dilution of the effluent. Along with the tested BGA other aquatic macrophytes in combination can be tried for total biological treatment of paper mill effluent before being discharged into the environment.
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Naseer, Ayesha, Anum Jamshaid, Almas Hamid, Nawshad Muhammad, Moinuddin Ghauri, Jibran Iqbal, Sikander Rafiq, Shahzad khuram, and Noor Samad Shah. "Lignin and Lignin Based Materials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water-An Overview." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 315–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1209.
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Abstract Water Pollution through heavy metals is the concerned issue as many industries like tanning, steel production and electroplating are the major contributors. Various toxic Heavy metals are a matter of concern as they have severe environmental and health effects. Most commonly, conventional methods are using to remove these heavy metals like precipitation, ion exchange, which are not economical and have disposal issues. Adsorption of heavy metals by different low-cost adsorbents seems to be the best option in wastewater treatment. Many agricultural by-products proved to be suitable as low-cost adsorbents for removing heavy metals efficiently in a minimum time. Lignin residues that involves both agricultural and wood residues and sometimes separated out from black liquor through precipitation have adsorption capacity and affinity comparable to other natural adsorbents. However, lignin as bio adsorbents have the advantage of less cost and gives efficient adsorption results. This study is a review of the recent literature on the use of natural lignin residues for heavy metals adsorption under different experimental scenarios.
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Das, Tushar Kanti, and Albert Poater. "Review on the Use of Heavy Metal Deposits from Water Treatment Waste towards Catalytic Chemical Syntheses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 13383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413383.
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The toxicity and persistence of heavy metals has become a serious problem for humans. These heavy metals accumulate mainly in wastewater from various industries’ discharged effluents. The recent trends in research are now focused not only on the removal efficiency of toxic metal particles, but also on their effective reuse as catalysts. This review discusses the types of heavy metals obtained from wastewater and their recovery through commonly practiced physico-chemical pathways. In addition, it covers the advantages of the new system for capturing heavy metals from wastewater, as compared to older conventional technologies. The discussion also includes the various structural aspects of trapping systems and their hypothesized mechanistic approaches to immobilization and further rejuvenation of catalysts. Finally, it concludes with the challenges and future prospects of this research to help protect the ecosystem.
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Abdul Manan, Jakfar, Agustono,. "Deteksi Logam Timbal (Pb) Pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Di Sepanjang Sungai Kalimas Surabaya [Metal Detection Of Lead In Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Along The Kalimas River In Surabaya]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v6i1.11380.
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Abstract Industrial waste and urban waste containing heavy metals can pollute rivers and sea waters. Heavy metals can be divided into two parts, namely the essential and non essential, nonessential heavy metals can be toxic to both human beings and fish. Heavy metals that enter the water will have absorbed the deposition of the sediments and fish in one body of harmful heavymetals lead dalah. Based on the 2009 SNI maximum content of lead in fish is 0.3ppm. This study aims to know the lead content in tilapia, river water and sediment. The sampling process conducted in Surabaya Kalimas river. This study is descriptive, the results of lead content analysisconducted by the destructive method was then performed by using Atomic Absorption readings Spectrophotometer (AAS) with a wavelength of 283.3. Based on the analysis of lead content in Surabaya Kalimas river is not exceed the threshold value based on SNI.
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Inoue, Katsutoshi. "ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS INORGANIC ELEMENTS FROM WATER BY USING ORANGE WASTE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2010): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21581.
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Pectic acid contained in some fruits like orange and apple is natural chelating polymeric material, exhibiting excellent adsorption behavior for some cationic metal ions including toxic heavy metals such as lead and copper. In addition, it also exhibits excellent adsorption behavior for some hazardous inorganic anionic species like phosphorus, arsenic and fluoride by loading some high valence cationic metal ions like zirconium(IV) in advance.For the practical application to the removal of these hazardous inorganic elements from various waste water at cheap cost, orange juice residue was employed instead of pure pectic acid. Orange juice residue just after juicing was activated by saponification with small amount of calcium hydroxide to prepare the sorbent.Some hazardous cationic species like lead(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) were effectively adsorbed on this sorbent, while toxic anionic species like phosphate, arsenate, arsenite and fluoride were also effectively adsorbed on zirconium(IV)-loaded sorbent. Keywords: Orange waste, Pectic acid, Natural chelating material, Heavy metals, Arsenic, Phosphorus, Adsorption, Removal, Water
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Dwivedi, Dhananjay, and Vijay R. Chourey. "Adsorption studies of toxic heavy metals from waste water by Acacia arabica bark." Current World Environment 4, no. 1 (June 20, 2009): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.4.1.29.
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Aliu, Milihate. "Determination of the content of heavy metals in residues released from manufacturing procceses of Ni-Cd batteries by atomic absorption spectrometry." All Sciences Abstracts 1, no. 5 (August 12, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/as-abstracts.1349.
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The residues discharged from industry contain a bulk amount of liquid and solid wastes with substantial quantities of toxic heavy metals. These wastes from the industries is not only polluting the water but also the sediment in the adjunct river and ultimately affecting the aquatic life. The objectiv of this study is to evaluate the heavy metal (i.e., Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn) concentration in solid residue samples released from the manufacturing processes of Ni- Cd batteries. For this purpose samples were digested with aqua regia and analysed for metals by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). This study revealed that the metal concentration for Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn were found to be 4200-16500 mg/kg, 140-850 mg/kg, 100-629 mg/kg, 170-630 mg/kg, 150 -920 mg/kg, 30-250 mg/kg, 6400-35000 mg/kg and 110-800 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in residues samples decreased with the following order: Ni > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Co > Fe > Mn. The results of this study provide support for the prevention of human health risks and the control of soil heavy metal pollution. In the industrial area, waste management is one of the difficult and most challenging issue. Sustainable solution is the best fit for dealing with the waste management, because when discharged on the land as well as dumped into the surface water, which ultimately lead to contamination due to accumulation of toxic metals and resultes in a series of problems in living beings, because they cannot be completely degraded.
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Amalia, Ra Hoetary Tirta. "Water Quality Analysis of Kelekar River in Burai Village Kecamatan Tanjung Batu/ Tanjung Batu Subdistrict Kabupaten Ogan Ilir/ Ogan Ilir District to Identify the Toxic Effects Caused." Jurnal Biota 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v5i1.2655.
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Water is one of the biggest components from environment and an important aspect of living organism. The source of water that can be used by community to fulfill their needs is river water, but in recent years, the river water is no longer clear. There are various kinds of water pollution/ contamination sources, including waste from community whether it is from household waste or agriculture waste in smaller to bigger scales, or also industrial waste that can cause environment-based diseases such as cholera, dysentery, skin-disease, typhus, and so on that originated from dirty water Furthermore, if the river water has been contaminated with chemicals, especially heavy metals, it can cause severe toxic effects that will lead to death. Therefore, the aim of this research are knowing the quality of river water on Burai Village, Tanjung Baru Subdistrict, Ogan Ilir District, and analyzing the toxic effects that will occur due to the pollution/ contamination. Water examination was conducted in Laboratory of BTKL Palembang and Laboratory of Science and Technology Faculty UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. From the results of examination, it was found that physically the water was colored, smelly, and turbid, also the existance of heavy metals and numbers of high coliform, around >1600/100 mL samples. This is very dangerous because it can contaminate the aquatic biota in the river and the community whose consuming it can lead to disease or even heavy metal poisoning.
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Ludwig, C., A. J. Schuler, J. Wochele, and S. Stucki. "Measuring heavy metals by quantitative thermal vaporization." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (October 1, 2000): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0571.
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It is our vision to separate volatile toxic contaminants from waste by thermal treatment. In this context the evaporation behavior of heavy metal traces (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) from model compounds and mixtures, and from fly ash (FA) of municipal solid waste incineration (BCR No. 176) was investigated. In this study we tested a new method which allows on-line detection of heavy metals in hot gases using conventional Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) equipment. A quantitative relation between the amount of evaporated heavy metal traces and the ICP-OES signal was established. In addition, gaseous HCl was successfully used for the total removal of heavy metal traces from non-volatile compounds. The evaporation behavior predicted by speciation calculations were in agreement with the experimental results. The experiments have shown that the method could become a complementary tool for common analytical digestion and measuring methods for the determination of heavy metal traces in solid samples. As our method combines extraction and analytical steps it therefore can shorten conventional procedures. It allows simultaneous, and compared to a conventional digestion and ICP-OES analysis, more sensitive measurements of several elements. The application could become especially powerful for the analysis of contaminated soil and waste residuals.
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Shaikh, Feroza, Mohini Sandbhor, Sanchita Choubey, and Aparna Gunjal. "Biosorption - A Green Approach for the Sequestration of Cadmium and Chromium from Contaminated Water." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.427.
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The release of heavy metals from paint, electroplating, mining industries, etc. is a serious concern. Industrial effluents contain toxic heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, arsenic, etc. The sequestration of heavy metals by chemical processes is costly, time-consuming and causes environmental pollution. The use of microorganisms, example bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, algae and yeasts for the sequestration of heavy metals is very eco-friendly, economical and fast. The work presented here describes the sequestration of cadmium and chromium from industrial effluent by bacteria Pseudomonas and Enterobacter sp. and fungi Aspergillus and Trichoderma sp. The industrial effluent was collected from Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The sequestration of Cd and Cr was less by Pseudomonas sp. which was 0.44 and 0.27 mg g-1 with biomass conc. (0.5 g). The sequestration of Cd and Cr byTrichoderma sp. was 0.51 and 0.36 mg g-1 respectively with biomass conc. (0.5 g). The biosorption is a 'green technology' for the sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluents, waste water, and other contaminants.
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Vijay Dahiya. "Heavy metal toxicity of drinking water: A silent killer." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.1.0107.
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Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. Heavy metals are generally referred to as those metals which possess a specific density of more than 5 g/cm3 and adversely affect the environment and living organisms. These metals are essential to maintain various biochemical and physiological functions in living organisms when in very low concentrations, however they become noxious when they exceed certain threshold concentrations. The most commonly found heavy metals in waste water include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, all of which cause risks for human health and the environment. Heavy metals enter the surroundings by natural means and through human activities. Various sources of heavy metals include soil erosion, natural weathering of the earth's crust, mining, industrial effluents, urban runoff, sewage discharge, insect or disease control agents applied to crops etc. Some heavy metals, i.e. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, aluminium causes drastic harmful effect on the environment and living organisms, mainly human beings.
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Mansoor, Aga. "Removal of Heavy Metal Mn+2 by The Adsorbent Wollastonite and Effect of pH." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 02 (December 25, 2015): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v7i2.8635.
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Water, no doubt, is the first and foremost legitimate friend of living beings on the earth. Toxic heavy metals have been a chief reason of water pollution. Several unfortunate accidents due to heavy metal contamination in aquatic environment stepped up the awareness about heavy metal toxicity and attracted attention towards their studies. Out of these Minimata tragedy in Japan due to mercury poisoning (1953-1960) and Itai disease in Japan due to cadmium toxicity (1947) are immerable. Waste containing metals may come out of a variety of separate operations such as chemical, metal processing, electroplating, metal polishing, metal cleaning, paint manufacture, battery manufacture etc. The source of wastes in metal processing is quite in good number and also highly variable, both in quality and quantity. Metals can be had in source as particle of pure metals in suspension to metal ions and complexes in solution. In the present study the adsorbent wollastonite is used to remove Mn (II) from the water of Sai river and also studied the effect of pH.
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Muneeb Ur Rahman Khattak, Muhammad, Muhammad Zahoor, Bakhtiar Muhammad, Farhat Ali Khan, Riaz Ullah, and Naser M. AbdEI-Salam. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Drinking Water by Magnetic Carbon Nanostructures Prepared from Biomass." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5670371.
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Heavy metals contamination of drinking water has significant adverse effects on human health due to their toxic nature. In this study a new adsorbent, magnetic graphitic nanostructures were prepared from watermelon waste. The adsorbent was characterized by different instrumental techniques (surface area analyzer, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TG/DTA) and was used for the removal of heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) from water. The adsorption parameters were determined for heavy metals adsorption using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption kinetics and effect of time, pH, and temperature on heavy metal ions were also determined. The best fits were obtained for Freundlich isotherm. The percent adsorption showed a decline at high pH. Best fit was obtained with second-order kinetics model for the kinetics experiments. The values ofΔH°andΔG°were negative while that ofΔS°was positive. The prepared adsorbent has high adsorption capacities and can be efficiently used for the removal of heavy metals from water.
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Ujih, M. B. Nicodemus, Mohammad Isa Mohamadin, Milla-Armila Asli, and Bebe Norlita Mohammed. "Bioadsorption of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions by Rhizophora Apiculate sp. and Elaesis Guineensis sp." Scientific Research Journal 14, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v14i1.2699.
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Heavy metal ions contamination has become more serious which is caused by the releasing of toxic water from industrial area and landfill that are very harmful to all living organism especially human and can even cause death if contaminated in small amount of heavy metal concentration. Currently, peoples are using classic method namely electrochemical treatment, chemical oxidation/reduction, chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis to eliminate the metal ions from toxic water. Unfortunately, these methods are costly and not environmentally friendly as compared to bioadsorption method, where agricultural waste is used as biosorbent to remove heavy metals. Two types of agricultural waste used in this research namely oil palm mesocarp fiber (Elaesis guineensis sp.) (OPMF) and mangrove bark (Rhizophora apiculate sp.) (MB) biomass. Through chemical treatment, the removal efficiency was found to improve. The removal efficiency is examined based on four specification namely dosage, of biosorbent to adsorb four types of metals ion explicitly nickel, lead, copper, and chromium. The research has found that the removal efficiency of MB was lower than OPMF; whereas, the multiple metals ions removal efficiency decreased in the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cr2+.
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Nicodemus Ujih, M. B., Mohammad Isa Mohamadin, Millaa-Armila Asli, and Bebe Norlita Mohamed. "Bioadsorption of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions by Rhizophora Apiculate sp. and Elaesis Guineensis sp." Scientific Research Journal 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v14i1.9369.
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Heavy metal ions contamination has become more serious which is caused by the releasing of toxic water from industrial area and landfill that are very harmful to all living organism especially human and can even cause death if contaminated in small amount of heavy metal concentration. Currently, peoples are using classic method namely electrochemical treatment, chemical oxidation/reduction, chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis to eliminate the metal ions from toxic water. Unfortunately, these methods are costly and not environmentally friendly as compared to bioadsorption method, where agricultural waste is used as biosorbent to remove heavy metals. Two types of agricultural waste used in this research namely oil palm mesocarp fiber (Elaesis guineensis sp.) (OPMF) and mangrove bark (Rhizophora apiculate sp.) (MB) biomass. Through chemical treatment, the removal efficiency was found to improve. The removal efficiency is examined based on four specification namely dosage, of biosorbent to adsorb four types of metals ion explicitly nickel, lead, copper, and chromium. The research has found that the removal efficiency of MB was lower than OPMF; whereas, the multiple metals ions removal efficiency decreased in the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cr2+.
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Lace, Annija, and John Cleary. "A Review of Microfluidic Detection Strategies for Heavy Metals in Water." Chemosensors 9, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9040060.
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Heavy metal pollution of water has become a global issue and is especially problematic in some developing countries. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms, even at very low concentrations. Therefore, effective and reliable heavy metal detection in environmental water is very important. Current laboratory-based methods used for analysis of heavy metals in water require sophisticated instrumentation and highly trained technicians, making them unsuitable for routine heavy metal monitoring in the environment. Consequently, there is a growing demand for autonomous detection systems that could perform in situ or point-of-use measurements. Microfluidic detection systems, which are defined by their small size, have many characteristics that make them suitable for environmental analysis. Some of these advantages include portability, high sample throughput, reduced reagent consumption and waste generation, and reduced production cost. This review focusses on developments in the application of microfluidic detection systems to heavy metal detection in water. Microfluidic detection strategies based on optical techniques, electrochemical techniques, and quartz crystal microbalance are discussed.
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Chai, Zhen, Fu Ping Li, and Xu Wen He. "The Environmental Problems in Development and Utilization of Urban Mines: Taking Secondary Copper Production as a Case." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4154.
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The great amount of resource consumption and the depletion of metal rich primary ores are the main driving forces to develop and utilize the valuable resource hiding in urban mines. Although urban mining possesses several advantages such as lower energy consumption, less cost and easier to develop and less pollution than conventional primary mining, the various wastes generated in the urban mining become a burden for the society because of poor organization production and the implementation of the strict environmental regulations. This paper investigated the environmental problems and the wastes characterization in development and utilization by taking secondary copper as an example. The main pollutants discharged in secondary copper production were exhaust gas containing POPs and metals, waste water of heavy metals and acid water, and the residues of melting and electrolytic plants. The toxic pollutants like heavy metals asked for appropriate dumping and disposal to prevent the damage to the environment.
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Swetha, T. Navya, Bontha Rajasekar, Bhagyashali V. Hudge, Purnima Mishra, and D. Naga Harshitha. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Using Various Flower and Ornamentals." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (July 24, 2023): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183341.
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Soil contamination has become a serious problem in many industrialized and developing countries. Indiscriminate dumping of urban and industrial effluents along with solid waste often lead to toxic accumulation of heavy metal ions which not only impair soil productivity but also cause health hazards by entering into food chain via soil-plant-animal/human route. With rapid urbanization and industrialization, large quantities of industrial effluents get mixed with sewage and river water [1]. Irrigating crop fields with such contaminated sewage water is being increasingly adopted by marginal farmers due to scarcity of irrigation water. It also inadvertently leads to addition of large quantity of heavy metals to the agro ecosystem [2]. Plants with abilities to hyperaccumulate, accumulate, exclude and indicate heavy metals are important in environmental remediation. Most phytoremediation studies are aimed at inorganic pollutants through different approaches defined as phytoextraction (the used of metal accumulating plants to transport and concentrate metals from the soil to roots and above ground biomass), rhizofiltration (the use of plant roots to absorb, precipitate, and concentrate toxic metals from polluted effluents), and phytostabilization (the use of plants to reduce the mobility of metals)
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Vieira Costa, Jorge Alberto, Ana Luiza Machado Terra, Nidria Dias Cruz, Igor Severo Gonçalves, Juliana Botelho Moreira, Suelen Goettems Kuntzler, and Michele Greque de Morais. "Microalgae Cultivation and Industrial Waste: New Biotechnologies for Obtaining Silver Nanoparticles." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 4 (March 19, 2019): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x15666180626141922.
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Industrial effluents containing heavy metals can have harmful effects on organisms and the ecosystem. Silver is a waste from textile, galvanic and photographic industries, and when released into the environment, it can harm human health and cause biological modification. Removal of metals, such as silver, has been traditionally carried out using physicochemical methods that produce a high concentration of sludge and expend a significant amount of energy. Researchers are seeking innovative technologies for more efficient removal of silver or for using this heavy metal to obtain new products. The use of microalgae is a promising alternative to traditional remediation methods because several species can absorb and assimilate heavy metals. When exposed to toxic substances, microalgae excrete molecules in the medium that induce the reduction of silver particles to nanoparticles. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used in medicine, food packaging, the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, civil engineering, sensors and water purification. Thus, microalgal biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles has the capacity to bioremediate metals and subsequently convert them into non-toxic forms in the cell. In this context, this review addresses the use of microalgal biotechnology for industrial waste remediation of silver, which includes the simultaneous biosynthesis of AgNPs. We also discuss the potential applications of these nanoparticles.
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Kotrba, Pavel, and Tomáš Ruml. "Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution Exploiting Constituents, Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways of Livings. A Review." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 8 (2000): 1205–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001205.
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Removal of heavy metals from the soil and water or their remediation from the waste streams "at source" has been a long-term challenge. During the recent era of environmental protection, the use of microorganisms for the recovery of metals from waste streams as well as employment of plants for landfill applications has generated growing attention. Many studies have demonstrated that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the ability to remove metals from contaminated water or waste streams. They sequester metals from soils and sediments or solubilize them to aid their extraction. The proposed microbial processes for bioremediation of toxic metals and radionuclides from waste streams employ living cells and non-living biomass or biopolymers as biosorbents. Microbial biotransformation of metals or metalloids results in an alteration of their oxidation state or in their alkylation and subsequent precipitation or volatilization. Specific metabolic pathways leading to precipitation of heavy metals as metal sulfides, phosphates or carbonates possess significance for possible biotechnology application. Moreover, the possibility of altering the properties of living species used in heavy metal remediation or constructing chimeric organisms possessing desirable features using genetic engineering is now under study in many laboratories. The encouraging evidence as to the usefulness of living organisms and their constituents as well as metabolic pathways for the remediation of metal contamination is reviewed here. A review with 243 references.
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Çoruh, Semra, Sermin Elevli, and Feza Geyikçi. "Statistical Evaluation and Optimization of Factors Affecting the Leaching Performance of Copper Flotation Waste." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/758719.
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Copper flotation waste is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. The main concern with respect to landfilling of copper flotation waste is the release of elements (e.g., salts and heavy metals) when in contact with water, that is, leaching. Copper flotation waste generally contains a significant amount of Cu together with trace elements of other toxic metals, such as Zn, Co, and Pb. The release of heavy metals into the environment has resulted in a number of environmental problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the leaching characteristics of copper flotation waste by use of the Box-Behnken experimental design approach. In order to obtain the optimized condition of leachability, a second-order model was examined. The best leaching conditions achieved were as follows: pH = 9, stirring time = 5 min, and temperature = 41.5°C.
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Kikuchi, Tetsuro, and Shuzo Tanaka. "Biological Removal and Recovery of Toxic Heavy Metals in Water Environment." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 42, no. 10 (May 15, 2012): 1007–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.651343.
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Christoulas, D. G., A. D. Andreadakis, N. Katsiris, and A. Kouzeli-Katsiri. "Industrial Waste Management in the Athens Area." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0439.
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Industrial contributions constitute as much as 20% of the 700 000 m3 .d−1 of sewage discharged to the Saronikos gulf through the sewerage system which serves the Greater Athens area. The main industrial discharges originate from food, textile, pulp and paper, chemical, tanning and metal processing and electrical industries. In the majority of the cases the pretreatment is inadequate and the existing emission standards are violated. This results in increased concentrations of toxic metals in the sewage. The impact of these toxic discharges on the marine environment and the sewage treatment works have been investigated. Increased concentrations in the water column and the sediments have been reported but there are no indications of accumulation of toxic metals in the body of benthic organisms. The impact on the imminent operation of the treatment works for the sewage of Athens, have been investigated with the aid of pilot and bench scale studies. The results did not indicate a serious inhibition of the sensitive digestion and nitrification processes. However due to the high concentrations of the heavy metals, with average values approaching threshold values, it is important that appropriate action is taken to control industrial discharges through a revised and rational regulatory framework.
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Oh, Miyoung, and Mandla A. Tshabalala. "Pelletized ponderosa pine bark for adsorption of toxic heavy metals from water." BioResources 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2007): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.1.66-81.
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ark flour from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was consolidated into pellets using citric acid as cross-linking agent. The pellets were evaluated for removal of toxic heavy metals from synthetic aqueous solutions. When soaked in water, pellets did not leach tannins, and they showed high adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) under both equilibrium and dynamic adsorption conditions. The experimental data for Cd(II) and Zn(II) showed a better fit to the Langmuir than to the Freundlich isotherm. The Cu(II) data best fit the Freundlich isotherm, and the Ni(II) data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms equally. According to the Freundlich constant KF, adsorption capacity of pelletized bark for the metal ions in aqueous solution, pH 5.1 ± 0.2, followed the order Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) >> Ni(II); according to the Langmuir constant b, adsorption affinity followed the order Cd(II) >> Cu(II) ≈ Zn(II) >> Ni(II). Although data from dynamic column adsorption experiments did not show a good fit to the Thomas kinetic adsorption model, estimates of sorption affinity series of the metal ions on pelletized bark derived from this model were not consistent with the series derived from the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms and followed the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≈ Cd(II) > Ni(II). According to the Thomas kinetic model, the theoretical maximum amounts of metal that can be sorbed on the pelletized bark in a column at influent concentration of ≈10 mg/L and flow rate = 5 mL/min were estimated to be 57, 53, 50, and 27 mg/g for copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential for converting low-cost bark residues to value-added sorbents using starting materials and chemicals derived from renewable resources. These sorbents can be applied in the removal of toxic heavy metals from waste streams with heavy metal ion concentrations of up to 100 mg/L in the case of Cu(II).
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Anjanapriya, Subramanian, Manickam Sureka, and Nambirajan Sasirekha. "Heavy metal pollution in soil and Water around landfill dumpsite." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 6, no. 6 (December 25, 2021): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2021.v06.i06.030.
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Anthropogenic activity enhances the heavy metal contamination in surrounding environment. This research was designed to measure the metal pollution level from soil and ground water system around land fill dumpsite. The levels of pollution measured from 0 distances to 1200m distance of landfill. The overall study indicated that concentration of heavy metals Arsenic(As), Mercury(Hg), Lead(Pb), Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Copper(Cu), Nickel(Ni) and Zinc(Zn) were witnessed in very near to dumpsite also the concentration was decreased when distance increased. The levels of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in soil were observed every 300m distance (90.75, 90, 77.3, 98.5, 92.3, 58, 95.9 and 94%) respectively. The above level was compared to 1200m distance; the concentration was gradually reduced to (36.8, 0, 51.7, 51.8, 50.4, 56, 51.3 and 46%) separately. Also the concentration of heavy metals in ground water samples at 300 m distance were (100, 96, 90.2, 93.91, 92, 95.5, 100, and 97.3%) the levels reduced to (24.2, 10.3, 30.7, 29.6, 52.5, 49.6, 21.1&57.5%) at 1200m distance. This indicated that the nearest area soil and ground water were highly polluted; however the heavy metals concentration was reduced gradually at far distance. To reduce th toxic compounds from the waste, create awareness for the people to limit the waste from every house. Sanitary landfilling and composting is an excellent and ecofriendly manner of waste mangement
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Prabhu, Prathiksha P., and Balakrishna Prabhu. "A Review on Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water using Natural/ Modified Bentonite." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402021.
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The pollution of water due to various toxic components especially heavy metals are causing an adverse effect on the flora and fauna and also have a potential effect on the human well-being. Due to this there is an immediate requirement to find various techniques for the removal of lethal toxins in wastewater. Amongst all of the existing methods, adsorption is one of the most effective and efficient technique for the elimination of contaminants such as heavy metals from wastewater. The increasing number of research publications on adsorption of heavy metals using modified bentonite leads to the fact that there has been a surging importance in the production of a variety of economical adsorbents for water treatment. Outcome from the latest advances in using bentonites and modified bentonite shows the adaptable nature of the clay and its environment friendly nature. The present review shows the removal of heavy metals using modified bentonite. The main purpose of this review is to describe the flexible way of natural bentonite and modified bentonite and its ability to absorb array of inorganic pollutants, which are present in the waste water. It is apparent from the review that modified bentonite have displayed high removal potential for certain kind of inorganic contaminants from wastewater.
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Nirlipta, P. Nayak. "Sulfate Reducing Bacteria: A Way Forward Towards Sustainable Mining." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, no. 2 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.2.19015.
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Mineral exploitation and mining are expanding with increasing industrialization, and as exploitation increases, so will their enormous environmental impact. The biological technique was found to be a suitable alternative for treating mine wastes and recovering toxic heavy metals. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) is the most wellknown mining waste laden with heavy metals that remains untreated. Microorganisms help in detoxification and thereby facilitate the extraction of pollutants from mine waste. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB), among all known microorganisms, play an important role in mine waste treatment by neutralizing acidity and reviving alkalinity. The use of microorganisms in treating overburden dumps helps reduce the amount of waste, augment natural resources via metal recovery, and maintain a healthy environment. Such a technique picks up momentum due to its low cost, easy availability of ingredients, and eco-friendly nature. Such a treatment system may or may not be capable of removing toxicity. Therefore, it is advisable to use the same along with other techniques depending upon site conditions, the nature of the deposit, and the availability of essential requisites. This paper attempted to highlight potential thrust areas requiring this technique as well as limiting factors.
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Ali, Dhafer F., Kasim H. Alwan, Abdulkareem Abdullah, Waleed M. Abood, Firas S. Abass, and Amir J. Ibraheem. "Using Photovoltaic to Remove Heavy Metals from Industrial Water." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 8, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol8i1id26.
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Heavy metals pollution has become a more serious environmental problem in the last several decades as a result of releasing toxic materials into the environment. The aim of this study is to develop an ecological method for the removal of Ni2+ ions from industrial wastewater by an electro coagulation method using aluminum plates and solar cell as a source of D.C current. In this study, different conditions of pH of 4, 6, 7, and 8, current densities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mA/cm2, and nickel ion concentrations of 200, 300, and 500 ppm were investigated during a period of time of 120 minutes to remove nickel ions prepared waste water by electro coagulation. The total removal of nickel ions was (97.5- 99.5%), (97- 99%), and (96.67-98.8%) for pH (4-8), current density (0.5-1.5 mA/cm2) and nickel ions concentration (200-500 ppm), respectively. The results show that the optimum condition of electro coagulation process can be obtained at pH = 8 and current density 1.5 mA/cm2 when 120 minutes were elapsed.
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Widiharso, Prasetya, Wahyu Tri Handoko, Aji Prasetya Wibawa, Anik Nur Handayani, and Ming Foey Teng. "Water quality identification based on remote sensing image in industrial waste disposal using convolutional neural networks." Science in Information Technology Letters 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/sitech.v2i2.638.
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Measuring the quality of river water used as industrial wastewater disposal is needed to maintain water quality from pollution. The chemical industry produces hazardous waste containing toxic materials and heavy metals. At specific concentrations, industrial waste can result in bacteriological contamination and excessive nutrient load (eutrophication). Using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the method for measuring water quality processes remote sensing images taken via an RGB camera on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The parameter measured is the change in the color of the river water image caused by the chemical reaction of the heavy metal content of industrial waste disposal. The test results of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method in 2.01s/step obtained the value of training loss mode 17.86%, training accuracy 90.62%, validation loss 23.43%, validation accuracy 83.33%.
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Chheang, Lita, Nisakorn Thongkon, Tongchai Sriwiriyarat, and Sudtida Pliankarom Thanasupsin. "Heavy Metal Contamination and Human Health Implications in the Chan Thnal Reservoir, Cambodia." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 13538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413538.
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Chan Thnal reservoir, built during the Pol Pot period, is the major water source for the people in Krang Chek commune, Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia. Metal pollution caused by agricultural activities, improper wastewater treatment, and municipal waste disposal poses serious environmental health problems. In this study, the concentrations of four potential toxic metals (i.e., Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) from six locations across the reservoir were investigated both in the water and sediment. The results reflected progressive deterioration and indicated moderate to heavy pollution from the metals. The metal levels in the water were in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The statistical analysis revealed primary sources of heavy metals contamination in the water. Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the water likely originate from anthropogenic activities including agricultural runoff (i.e., the use of fertilizers and pesticides) and urban runoff (i.e., improper wastewater discharge and waste disposal). Among the four metals, the Pb levels in the water significantly exceeded the guideline for drinking water in all locations. The health risk assessment revealed serious non-carcinogenic risks of Pb intake in the children at the age below 10 and infants. Appropriate control and protection strategies are urgently needed to cut off the main Pb exposure pathway in pregnant women, children, and infants.
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Phalguni, Bhattacharyya, Acharya Ritwik, Kar Sayanti, Ghosh Indrajit, and Ghosh Amitava. "Animal and Plant Responses to Water Pollution: An Overview." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.067.
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Fresh water is available only 0.5% on this planet for mankind. The ground water (percolated and closed in aquifers), river water, lake, pond and well are the main sources for water. Population density, heavy metals, toxic waste disposal, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer, eutrophication, house hold chemicals, dish washing, laundry waste etc. increases the amount of water pollutants at the outfall of the main rivers which shows proportionate rise in content on a seasonal basis. These pollutants primarily disturb the metabolic systems of economically important plants and then the dependant animals and human beings. Different physical factors responsible to sustain the aquatic life are temperature, BOD, COD, pH and turbidity. The ecological sustenance of plant species is very much dependable on the quality of water. The poor quality of water causes health hazard and death of human being, aquatic life and also disturbs the production of different crops. Heavy metals from the water directly percolate into food crops with stress indicator, the antioxidants or free radical scavenging enzymes. Waste water induced synthesis of low molecular weight peptides in certain irrigated crop plants are extremely inhibitory in nature for biological systems.
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Rahman, Md Lutfor, Zhi Jian Wong, Mohd Sani Sarjadi, Sabrina Soloi, Sazmal E. Arshad, Kawi Bidin, and Baba Musta. "Heavy Metals Removal from Electroplating Wastewater by Waste Fiber-Based Poly(amidoxime) Ligand." Water 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091260.
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An efficient and economical treatment technology for heavy metal removal from the electroplating wastewaters is needed for the water purification. Therefore, pure cellulosic materials were derived from two waste fiber (pandanus fruit and durian rind) and conversion of the cellulose into the poly(acrylonitrile)-grafted material was accomplished by free radical grafting system. Thereafter, poly(amidoxime) ligand was produced from the grafted materials. Sorption capacity (qe) of several toxic metals ions was found to be high, e.g., copper capacity (qe) was 298.4 mg g−1 at pH 6. In fact, other metal ions, such as cobalt chromium and nickel also demonstrated significant sorption capacity at pH 6. Sorption mechanism played acceptable meet with pseudo second-order rate of kinetic pattern due to the satisfactory correlation with the experimental sorption values. A significant correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) with Langmuir model isotherm showed the single or monolayer sorption occurred on the surfaces. The reusability study showed that the polymer ligand can be useful up to six cycles with minimum loss (7%) of efficiency and can be used in the extraction of toxic metal ions present in the wastewaters. Therefore, two types of electroplating wastewater were used in this study, one containing high concentration of copper (23 ppm) and iron (32 ppm) with trace level of others heavy metals (IWS 1) and another containing high concentration of copper (85.7 ppm) only with trace level of others heavy metals (IWS 2). This polymeric ligand showed acceptable removal magnitude, up to 98% of toxic metal ions can be removed from electroplating wastewater.
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Timoori, Shahnaz. "Environmental Health: Evaluation of heavy metals pollution in Isfahan industrial zone from soils, well / eluent waters and waste water by microwave- electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 2, no. 01 (March 22, 2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v2.i01.44.
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In this study, soils, well waters, drinking waters, and waste water in the Isfahan industrial area were sampled in spring and summer 2018. In 8 points of industrial zone, important toxic heavy metals such as, lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) were sampled from surface soil (up to 2 m), well/drinking waters and waste water. After sample preparation with micro-wave digestion technique, the concentration of heavy metals was determined by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). According to the well water analysis, the mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb in well water were 95 μg L-1, 146 μg L-1, 185 μg L-1, 12 μg L-1, and 11 μg L-1, respectively. In well water, the concentrations of Cd, Ni, Cr and Co were found much higher than Pb in comparison with the references of World Health Organization (WHO).
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Mahato, Neelima, Pooja Agarwal, Debananda Mohapatra, Mukty Sinha, Archana Dhyani, Brajesh Pathak, Manwendra K. Tripathi, and Subramania Angaiah. "Biotransformation of Citrus Waste-II: Bio-Sorbent Materials for Removal of Dyes, Heavy Metals and Toxic Chemicals from Polluted Water." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091544.
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Industrial processes and anthropogenic activities generate huge amounts of wastes in the form of chemicals, such as heavy metals, dyes, fertilizers, pharmaceutically active chemicals, battery effluents and so on. When these chemicals are left untreated and discarded in the ground or surface waters, they not only cause pollution and harm the ecosystem but also cause toxic effects on the health of human beings, animals and food crops. There are several methods of removal of these toxic materials from the wastewaters, and adsorption by bio-sorbents has been demonstrated as one of the most inexpensive, efficient and convenient methods. Citrus is one of the largest grown fruit crops in the tropical and subtropical regions on the planet. After processing of the fruits at food processing industries, approximately half of the fruit mass is discarded as waste, which causes a number of pollution problems. Alternately, this biomass can be converted to bio-sorbents for the removal of harmful and toxic chemicals from the industrial effluents and wastewaters. The first part of this article contains a thorough review on the biotransformation of citrus waste for the production of biofuel and valuable compounds by fermentation involving microorganisms. The second and concluding part reviews the recent progress in biotransformation of citrus waste biomass (that may be remaining post-extraction of valuable compounds/biofuel generation) into efficient adsorbent substrate materials and their adsorption capacities. The article also includes the details of the synthesis process and mechanisms of adsorption processes.
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MehariGirmay, MehariGirmay. "Phytoremediationof Heavy Metals Released from Mining Waste Drainage Using Selected Plant Species, in Ethiopia." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 1, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v1i3.336.
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Mining is known in releasing of heavy metals and environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bio-accumulative nature. Leaching activity of mining has a major role in releasing of chemicals which toxify to the mining environment. Such activity contaminates the terrestrial ecosystemswith toxic heavy metals that lead to the environmental problem of public health concern. In Ethiopia, even the mining trend is accounted long time, the environmental and social impacts are underestimated and not taken as an issue for a long time. However, these impacts are become very risky and problematic from time to time, since mining companies are not dedicated to their environmental and social impact assessment commitments. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. Phytoremediation is more cost-effective than alternative mechanical or chemical methods of removing hazardous compounds from the soil.Vetiver grass is a perennial grass belonging to the Poaceae family with short rhizomes and a massive, finely structured root system. The deep root system makes the vetiver grass extremely drought tolerant and very difficult to dislodge when exposed to strong water flow. The main purpose of this study is to review the ecological impacts of mining in releasing leached wastes/drainages/ and the possible and effective techniques of treatment via Phytoremediation technology.
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Basavaraja, R. J., O. Rahul, M. Ranganatha, K. S. Suhas, and K. A. Vishnumurthy. "Reduction of Chromium in Waste Water From Hard Chrome Plating Processes: A Review." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230008.
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Waste water from hard chrome is considered to be highly toxic due to the presence of chromium ions in hexavalent form and this hexavalent state of chromium is more toxic to animals and humans due to its ability to produce reactive oxygen species in cells. Such heavy metals are considered as carcinogenic to living organisms and hence either reduction of ions to trivalent chromium or removal of ions has to be done before ejecting the waste water into the environment. Many processes for reduction, neutralisation and removal of hexavalent chromium have been investigated and reviewed extensively. In the present review, studies and research carried out for the removal of chromium from waste water of hard chrome plating effluent are summarised. The study was carried out on the aspects such as percentage removal, efficiency and optimum operating conditions in chrome removal and reduction processes.
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Dewi, Nur Kusuma, Ibnul Mubarok, and Ari Yuniastuti. "Biosorption of Heavy Metal Pollution by Enterobacter agglomerans." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 11, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i2.20471.
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Biosorption is a new waste treatment technology that can eliminate toxic heavy metals. Biosorption can be considered as an environmentally friendly alternative technology to treat industrial liquid waste that is economically proper to use. One of them is biosorption that utilizes the microorganisms’ absorption ability, especially bacteria that can absorb heavy metals in waters, such as Enterobacter agglomerans. This research aimed to determine the ability of E. agglomerans in reducing heavy metals pollution in local river. The research employed the measurement of the effect of lead (Pb) to E. agglomerans growth using Optical Density (OD) at wavelength 600 nm. The colony numbers were calculated using a standard curve. While the ability of E. agglomerans to reduce heavy metals concentration in liquid media was measured using AAS with a wavelength of 240 nm. The results showed that lead affected the growth of E. agglomerans. The OD value has a negative relationship with the concentration level of Pb. The ODs were decreased from 2.867 to 1.242, using Pb level from 0 ppm to 20 ppm. Therefore, it proved that E. agglomerans could reduce heavy metals concentration in local river in Central Java Province. This research was the first report on E. agglomerans activity on heavy metal in contaminated water. This result can be used as a reference for industrial sites near the river to treat their wastewater before discharging it to the river body to preserve its water purity.
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Gupta, Archana, Vishal Sharma, Pawan Kumar Mishra, and Adam Ekielski. "A Review on Polyacrylonitrile as an Effective and Economic Constituent of Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 8689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248689.
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Water gets polluted due to the dumping of untreated industrial waste into bodies of water, particularly those containing heavy metals and dyes. Industrial water contains both inorganic and organic wastes. Numerous adsorbents that are inexpensive and easily available can be used to address the issue of water deterioration. This review report is focused on polyacrylonitrile as an efficient constituent of adsorbents to extract toxic ions and dyes. It discusses the various formulations of polyacrylonitrile, such as ion exchange resins, chelating resins, fibers, membranes, and hydrogels, synthesized through different polymerization methods, such as suspension polymerization, electrospinning, grafting, redox, and emulsion polymerization. Moreover, regeneration of adsorbent and heavy metal ions makes the adsorption process more cost-effective and efficient. The literature reporting successful regeneration of the adsorbent is included. The factors affecting the performance and outcomes of the adsorption process are also discussed.
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Gebru, Mehari Girmay. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Released from Mining Waste Drainage using selected plant species, in Ethiopia." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 1, no. 3 (July 27, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v1i3.343.
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Mining is known in releasing of heavy metals and environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bio-accumulative nature. Leaching activity of mining has a major role in releasing of chemicals which toxify to the mining environment. Such activity contaminates the terrestrial ecosystems with toxic heavy metals that lead to the environmental problem of public health concern. In Ethiopia, even the mining trend is accounted long time, the environmental and social impacts are underestimated and not taken as an issue for a long time. However, these impacts are become very risky and problematic from time to time, since mining companies are not dedicated to their environmental and social impact assessment commitments. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. Phytoremediation is more cost-effective than alternative mechanical or chemical methods of removing hazardous compounds from the soil. Vetiver grass is a perennial grass belonging to the Poaceae family with short rhizomes and a massive, finely structured root system. The deep root system makes the vetiver grass extremely drought tolerant and very difficult to dislodge when exposed to strong water flow. The main purpose of this study is to review the ecological impacts of mining in releasing leached wastes/drainages/ and the possible and effective techniques of treatment via Phytoremediation technology.
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Yakubu, Yahaya, Jun Zhou, Zhu Shu, Yigen Tan, Zhengliang Zhao, and Yassin Mbululo. "Potential industrial utilization of pre-treated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18779683.
Full textAbstract:
This study sought to establish the effectiveness of water washing pre-treatment on the quality of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) for reuse and solidification or stabilization (S/S). Initial analysis of the FA sample shows that it did not meet the USEPA-1311 toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) regulatory limits of 2011. As a result, a two-stage water washing process was carried out an attempt to improve the quality of the MSWI FA. After the washing pre-treatment, the heavy metals in the FA sample met the regulatory limits, thereby making it non-toxic for reuse or safe disposal. The leachate from the washing process also passed regulatory standards of China (GB 8978 – 1996) and the 2011 USEPA-1311. The washing process successfully removed more than 98% of each heavy metal under study. The process was excellent at removing cadmium (99.99%) and very good at removing the rest of the heavy metals. The 28-day compressive strength increased as the quantity of FA decreased. Also, all the heavy metals in the samples prepared with the pre-treated FA met the USEPA-1311 TCLP regulatory limit for reuse and safe disposal. The heavy metals leachability and compressive strength tests showed that the effect of cement-based S/S was largely influenced by its quantity in the samples. The highest compressive strength was attained by using 55% of the FA as replacement for cement. However, FA replacements of up 70% also yielded good results that met the 1989 USEPA standard of 0.34 MPa (50 psi).
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Adegoke, I. A., A. R. Ige, O. R. Adejoba, D. A. Aruwajoye, and J. James. "Roles of Biomass in the Absorption of Heavy Metals." European Journal of Energy Research 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2022.2.2.47.
Full textAbstract:
Mining, plating, dyeing, automobile manufacturing, and metal processing all emit toxic heavy metals into the environment. The environmental challenges, socioeconomic and environmental effects of toxic heavy metals released into the environment cause environmental problems that have exposed our ecosystem to a greater threat, as well as contamination of aquatic water bodies through water runoff, with a subsequent effect on people's health. As a result, research into the roles of biomass as a mitigation process in heavy metal absorption is required. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the roles of biomass as a medium for heavy metal absorption in contaminated soil. The use of bio-char and other carbonaceous materials such as activated carbon, sawdust, and agricultural residues has shown great potential for the removal of various inorganic and organic pollutants and radionuclides due to properties such as large surface area, micro porous structure, and high adsorption capacity. Pulverized activated charcoal, a promising material based among nano-structured carbon materials, continues to attract a lot of attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Lower greenhouse gas emissions and a cleaner environment are two additional environmental benefits of biomass as a renewable energy source. The importance of biomass as a potential natural remediation material cannot be overstated based on the use of biomass waste to treat or resolve anthropogenic environmental problems.
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Pohland, F. G., and J. P. Gould. "Co-Disposal of Municipal Refuse and Industrial Waste Sludge in Landfills." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0173.
Full textAbstract:
The results of a 2-year pilot-scale investigation on the codisposal of heavy metal sludge with municipal refuse, under the influence of leachate containment and recycle, are used to illustrate and describe the effects of various metal loadings on the normal progress of waste stabilization and to assess associated assimulative capacity. Evidence of metal precipitation as sulfides or hydroxides and subsequent removal by filtration and sorption in the refuse mass was demonstrated. Conversely, the mobilization of heavy metals was shown to be enhanced by complexation with humic-like substances which also tended to reduce overall toxic effects. Whereas, high heavy metal loadings exhibited a clear inhibitory effect, a definite capacity for assimilation and acclimation at low to moderate levels was established.
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Kombarova, M. Yu, A. S. Radilov, Lilya A. Alikbayeva, I. Sh Yakubova, M. A. Kudryavtsev, B. B. Rinchindorzhiyev, and D. V. Gulyayev. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOXIC WASTE DISPOSAL AT THE KRASNY BOR LANDFILL." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1216-1221.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Russia annually produces about 400 thousand tons of Hazard Class I (extremely hazardous) and Hazard Class II (highly hazardous) wastes. Material and methods. The Program includes the study of the hazardous chemical pollution produced by the waste disposed at the Krasny Bor Landfill within a radius of 1-4 km over the period from 2009 to 2013. Samples of water, sediments, soil, and atmospheric air were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography with highly sensitive detectors, as well as IR spectroscopy. Results. At all sampling sites, the air concentrations of priority pollutants characteristic of the waste disposed at the Landfill did not exceed the MAC level. Analysis of water and sediments from channels at the Landfill showed that the concentrations of a number of chemical pollutants at the border of the 1-km zone exceed the corresponding regulatory standards. Heavy pollution of wastewater and bottom sediments at the Landfill with some waste components, including organochlorine compounds, oil products, and heavy metals, as well as uneven pollution of soil in the 1-km zone from the Landfill in the northern and western directions, i.e. toward the potential residential development, with lead, copper, zinc, petroleum products, polychlorinated biphenyls, benzo[a]pyrene, and xylene isomers was revealed. Conclusion. The resulting data provides evidence for the adverse environmental impact of the Krasny Bor Landfill. The territory of the Landfill has been stabilized to allow further trouble-free development of a complex of measures on a scheduled basis.