Journal articles on the topic 'Town Belt'
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Meneguetti, Karin Schwabe, and Staël de Alvarenga Pereira Costa. "The fringe-belt concept and planned new towns: a Brazilian case study." Urban Morphology 19, no. 1 (October 31, 2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v19i1.4021.
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There is a degree of consensus about the theoretical foundations underpinning the fringe-belt concept, but relevant empirical research carried out in different cultural contexts still raises important questions. In this paper the methodology of the British urban morphology school is applied in a planned new town in Brazil in order to draw comparisons. The identification of fringe belts in Maringá city confirms the validity of the methodology. The planned city configuration may be compared to the formation of ancient walled cities, attesting the strength of fixation lines in the creation of inner fringe belts. Middle and outer fringe belts are more fragmented. This difference is partly related to the fact that the time-span over which these fringe belts have been formed is very short.
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Zhang, Fei, Yishan Wang, Chi Yung Jim, Ngai Weng Chan, Mou Leong Tan, Hsiang-Te Kung, Jingchao Shi, Xingyou Li, and Xin He. "Analysis of Urban Expansion and Human–Land Coordination of Oasis Town Groups in the Core Area of Silk Road Economic Belt, China." Land 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010224.
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Under economic globalization, synergy among cities has been actively promoted. Establishing inter–city networks and joint regional development could catalyze economic growth. The mode and pace of urban growth could be gauged by construction land expansion and human–land coordination. This study adopted the dynamic change, the center of gravity, and coordination analyses to comprehensively portray spatial patterns and changes amongst 13 oasis town groups in Xinjiang, China, from 2000 to 2018. The results identified that 2010 was the turning point of acceleration in construction land expansion, demonstrating notable spatial differentiations among town groups. Northern Xinjiang experienced faster urban growth than southern Xinjiang. The Urumqi–Changji–Shihezi (UCS) town group on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains constituted the crucial urban core with the fastest construction land expansion. Although the towns in southern Xinjiang were small and beset by inherent limitations in the early period, some town groups acquired new impetus and vitality and became the fastest–developing areas in Xinjiang in recent years. The growth was driven by China’s western development program, economic assistance, and Silk Road Economic Belt. Eastern Xinjiang had convenient transportation, but its small urban entities needed population supplementation to invigorate urban expansion. In the far north, the Altay and Tacheng–Emin (TE) town groups were situated too far from development cores. They lacked the collateral benefits of nearby strong–growth loci, resulting in sluggish growth. A north–south dual–hub strategy was proposed to spearhead the dissemination of urban growth by fostering core–periphery linkages pump–primed by improved road connections.
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Pal, A. K., and R. Samanta. "Road Traffic Noise Status in Dhanbad, An Industrial Town of the Coal Belt in India." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 33, no. 10 (November 2002): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/09574560260459701.
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The increase in fast moving traffic and narrow roads are causing vehicle congestion which results in vehicles moving in low gears, accelerating, stopping and horn blowing, etc. All these are the contributing factors for considerable noise in industrial towns in India. The percentage of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream is also a major factor contributing to high noise levels. This paper delineates the systematic noise investigation in Dhanbad, an industrial town in the coal belt. Out of the six monitoring stations within Dhanbad town – Bank More, Shramik Chawk and Court More stations show maximum LAeq levels [79.0 to 84.1 dB] due to higher number of vehicles. On the other hand, at G.T. Road at Govindpur free flowing traffic outside Dhanbad town registers maximum LAeq[81.0 dB] during evening hour (7.00p.m to 8.00p.m) due to the greater number of heavy vehicles (189). The noise generated within Dhanbad town is more than that of the free flowing highway at Govindpur G.T. Road. A car in general generates 15 -dB (A) less noise than a heavy commercial vehicle. It has also been observed that sudden braking followed by gearing acceleration leads to an increase of 10– 15 dB (A) noise level. The frequency spectrum analysis reveals that the highway (G.T. Road) noise has a well-defined sound pressure level (SPL) at 63 Hz., representing the firing frequency of the vehicles at high speed. Again, a comparatively less alarming frequency at about 1 kHz may be due to the combined effect of tyres and wind. The alarming SPL for the traffic inside town has been in the range of 63 Hz to 125 Hz due to the lower speed of the vehicles. After that, there is no peak at higher frequency range, indicating that at relatively low speed tyres and wind make a negligible contribution to the noise spectrum. The Noise Ratings (NR), which represent the annoyance factor, are observed varying from morning to evening. In most of places, NR during the morning session show peak value due to prevalence of dominant high frequency. Statistical models / relationships between LAeq, total traffic volume per hour (Q) and percentage of heavy vehicles over total vehicles (P) are developed which can be used for the prediction of traffic noise in similar situations. The authors stress the need of curbing the traffic noise by taking appropriate steps to bring about a smoother traffic flow at moderate speeds and minimum horn blowing. The necessary steps will include widening of roads, diverting the traffic by means of some bypass roads, making traffic one-way, removing the business congestion in the roadway, avoiding or removing inter sections at near by places, etc. Besides, provision of suitable barriers in the sensitive zone of the roadways can go a long war way to reducing the noise situation.
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Raspa, Darren A. "Biggest Gang in Town." California History 91, no. 4 (2014): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2014.91.4.64.
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The police are arguably the most visible and contested apparatus of legal authority and urban power in American history. The navy blue uniform, badge, and utility belt of armaments of varying lethal potential have simultaneously been the symbols of justice, order, and security, while also representing the trappings of a virtual standing army of punitive state coercion, eliciting equal amounts of fear and admiration among the most vulnerable members of society. The traditional law enforcement historiography dictates that urban policing in its present form saw its origins in London in the first half of the nineteenth century. I contend, however, that a diverse array of social classes and communities in the American city from the mid-nineteenth century onward formed and continuously reformed the municipal police departments into their current form. This process can best be observed in the experimental process of law enforcement in San Francisco, where a diversity of political ordering and community visions competed for dominance in policing methods and ideology. The sudden convergence of a multitude of classes and ethnicities on the small peninsula of San Francisco from the late 1840s onward shaped the institution of urban policing in ways that would have national ramifications.
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HAYAMI, Kiyotaka. "CONSTRUCTION AFTER APPLICATION OF THE FIREPROOF BUILDING BELT IN OFUNATO TOWN." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 87, no. 791 (January 1, 2022): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.87.184.
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Ayuba, Dr Affi, Dr Dalili shabbal Mohammed, Dr longwap AS, Dr Solomon mercy Gunat, and Dr Daniel Aina Olagoke. "Overweight and Type II Diabetes among the Elderly Middle Belt Nigerians." East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easms.2022.v05i07.003.
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Background: The increasing rate of obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2DM) are impending major threats to the health of African Population but the magnitude of the two in middle age Nigerians is not known. We assessed the burden of obesity and T2DM among elderly middle belt Nigerians. Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted among the population living in Lafia town. After biodata and clinical examination, including arthrometric measurements of weight and height was conducted. Standard BMI was calculated. A casual glucose and fasting blood glucose was determined using serum enzymatic glucose oxidase method. The diagnostic criteria were taken as fasting glucose at ≥ 7.0mmol/L and casual glucose at ≥ 11.1mmol/L. Results: In Lafia town the prevalence of Class I obesity was 62.6% there is a perfect correlation of 1.000 between BMI and glucose, meaning that as the BMI of a person increases, blood glucose concentration always increases and vice versa. The correlation between age and glucose concentration (0.0447) reflects a very weak positive relationship, indicating that BMI may differ at different ages. i.e. as the age of a patient increases, there is a slight tendency that the BMI may also increase. Conclusion: This study showed high risk of T2DM and obesity among middle belt Nigerians living in Lafia town due to sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise in addition to indiscriminate diet. There is need for regular screening for diabetes and hypertension. Use of portable electronic BP machine is advocated. There should be lifestyle modification like regular exercise, control of excessive alcohol intake and dietary advice.
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Kolejka, Jaromír, and Martin Klimánek. "Survey and typology of post-industrial landscape in Czechia." Geografie 117, no. 3 (2012): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2012117030289.
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The innovative PIL mapping procedure is based on an application of wider selection of datasets available in Czechia. Using a multi-step approach, 128 cases of PIL were identified and classified. Geographically, the territorial concentrations of PILs under research are located in the North-Bohemian Industrial Crescent (from the town of Cheb in the West to town Náchod in the East), in the Central Bohemian Industrial Belt (from Pilsen region to Prague capital region), in Ostrava region (North-east of Czechia, and in the Southern Moravia). Advantages and weaknesses of the applied procedure and reliability of results were also discussed.
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HAYAMI, Kiyotaka. "APPLICATION AND ITS BACKGROUND OF THE FIREPROOF BUILDING BELT IN OFUNATO TOWN." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 85, no. 778 (2020): 2761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.85.2761.
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Lemons, Shelly. "Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town." Oral History Review 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohs003.
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Giuffre, Patti. "Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 2 (March 2012): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306112438190n.
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Boris, E. "Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town." Labor Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 9, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-1540115.
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Read, Kate W., and Yasmina Katsulis. "Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town." Social & Cultural Geography 14, no. 3 (May 2013): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2012.758901.
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Evans, Karl V., John N. Aleinikoff, John D. Obradovich, and C. Mark Fanning. "SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of volcanic rocks, Belt Supergroup, western Montana: evidence for rapid deposition of sedimentary strata." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-036.
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New sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) UPb zircon analyses from two tuffs and a felsic flow in the middle and upper Belt Supergroup of northwestern Montana significantly refine the age of sedimentation for this very thick (15-20 km) Middle Proterozoic stratigraphic sequence. In ascending stratigraphic order, the results are (1) 1454 ± 9 Ma for a tuff in the upper part of the Helena Formation at Logan Pass, Glacier National Park; (2) 1443 ± 7 Ma for a regionally restricted porphyritic rhyolite to quartz latite flow of the Purcell Lava in the Yaak River region; and (3) 1401 ± 6 Ma for a tuff in the very thin transition zone between the Bonner Quartzite and Libby Formation, west of the town of Libby. Combining these ages with those previously published by other workers for ca. 1470-Ma sills in the lower Belt in Montana and Canada indicates that all but the uppermost Belt strata (about 1700 m) were deposited over a period of about 70 million years, considerably reducing the time span from longstanding estimates ranging from 250 to 600 million years. Calculated sediment accumulation rates between dated samples indicates rapid, but not unreasonable, values for early Belt strata, with decreasing rates through time. These ages also suggest the inadequacy of previously published paleomagnetic data to resolve Belt Supergroup chronology at an appropriate level of accuracy.
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Ozola, Silvija. "GENERATIVE CREATING OF SACRAL SPACE:LATVIAN ANCIENT AND CONTEMPORARY PLACES OF WORSHIP." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 28, 2021): 612–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol4.6202.
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The Balts received God’s counsel and energy and regained health in energetically strong places but the Latvian worldview formed on the thousands of years was encoded in the Lielvārde belt, which is Latvian womenfolk costume’s element. Bishop (1199–1229) Albert founded the town of Riga for the Riga Bishopric centre on the right bank of the Daugava.It was the four-part Riga Old Town semicircledivided by two main streets as the cross.Soon after the Great Fire in 1214, the construction ofthe Riga Cathedralbegan tocreate sacral urban space in areasof the Old Town and the New Town of Riga (in nova civitate Rige).Now, eastwards of Lielvārde, landscape artist Shunmyō Masuno from Japan has visualized the Garden of Destiny, where people obtainsolace to the past, strength to the present and inspiration to follow dreams in the future. Through this set of relationships, architecture maintains the cosmological connection and dialogue with all the scales of the World. Research object: Latvian places for the worship of God.Research goal: analysis of Latvian urban sacral space. Research problem: common and different features of the sacral space of the Latvians and other nations have been little studied. Research novelty: detailed studies of generative design of sacral spaces and contemporary places of worship in Latvia. Research methods: analysis of archive documents, cartographic and urban planning materials, a study of published literature and inspection of sacral places in nature.
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Brooks, Siobhan. "Book Review: Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town." Gender & Society 26, no. 6 (November 7, 2012): 954–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243212450775.
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Swift, Jayne. "Book Review: Neon Wasteland: On Love, Motherhood, and Sex Work in a Rust Belt Town." Affilia 26, no. 4 (November 2011): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109911428306.
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Martín Cubas, Joaquín, Pilar Rochina Garzón, and Francisco Clemente González. "The 2019 Local Elections in Valencia’s Metropolitan Area." Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 5 (December 30, 2020): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/10.28939/iam.debats-en.2020-9.
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Voting behaviour in Valencia’s Metropolitan Area can be split into four periods: (1) During the early years of democracy (1979-1991) following the Franco dictatorship, the area was a stronghold of the Left; (2) In 1991, the City of Valencia switched and was governed by the Right; (3) In 2011, the Right extended its control to the whole of the Metropolitan Area; (4) In the May 2015 elections, the Left won not only in the ‘red’ metropolitan belt but also in the City of Valencia. This study looks at what happened in the last set of local elections in 2019. To this end, we begin with a brief review of the election results, voting trends, and the institutional performance of each party since the first post-dictatorship local elections in 1979. We then go on to analyse the electoral behaviour of each of the parties, breaking this down by geographical variables: town/village size, comarcas (‘counties’), and the so-called ‘red belt’ before drawing our conclusions.
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Kooria, Mahmood. "Politics, Economy and Islam in ‘Dutch Ponnāni’, Malabar Coast." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341473.
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AbstractPonnāni was a port in southwestern India that resisted the Portuguese incursions in the sixteenth century through the active involvement of religious, mercantile and military elites. In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Ponnāni was the only place where the Dutch East India Company had commercial access into the kingdom of the Zamorins of Calicut. When the Dutch gained prominence in the coastal belt, this port town became the main centre for their commercial, diplomatic, and political transactions. But as a religious centre it began to recede into oblivion in the larger Indian Ocean and Islamic scholarly networks. The present article examines this dual process and suggests important reasons for the transformations. It argues that the port town became crucial for diplomatic and economic interests of the Dutch East India Company and the Zamorins, whereas its Muslim population became more parochial as they engaged with themselves than with the larger socio-political and scholarly networks.
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Stephens, Mobolaji, I. C. Ogwude, and Wilfred Isioma Ukpere. "Empirical analysis of Road Safety policy adherence in Nigeria: Seat belt use." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4c1art12.
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This research assesses the rate at which road users adhere seat belt use while driving on Nigerian roads, a policy of the Federal Road Safety Corps. Accidents are undesirable. Knowledge of the level of adherence to this FRSC Policy meant to make the road safer is vital. The study span the whole of Nigeria (except the Northeastern Nigeria due to security challenges) using major corridors (highways) that link the six geo-political zones with special interest given to some cities or town along these corridors. Traffic study was done along these corridors from 7am-5pm and the result showed that the use of seatbelts recorded an average of 58 percent level of compliance for car traffic and 60 percent for BATs traffic. It was also noted that the level of compliance dropped during the weekend and FRSC patrols were more on some routes than others which could be a part reason for variation in compliance levels
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Anhaeusser, C. R. "The geology and tectonic evolution of the northwest part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: A review." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0033.
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AbstractFormations on the northwestern flank of the Barberton Greenstone Belt have hosted over 85% of all the gold recovered from the ca. 3550 to 3000 Ma Barberton Supergroup since early discoveries in 1872. This sector of the greenstone belt also happens to coincide with a complex tectonic architecture resulting from successive stages of folding and faulting superimposed onto a complex lithostratigraphy. Of particular importance has been the influence of two diapiric granitoid intrusions that caused added structural complexity following their emplacement ca. 3227 to 3250 Ma. Of these the larger Kaap Valley Pluton invaded the area north of present day Barberton town causing the separation of the greenstones into a northern arm (Jamestown Schist Belt) and a southern sector which remained attached to the main greenstone belt (Moodies Hills). The ballooning pluton produced vertical as well as horizontal flattening stresses, the latter reactivating earlier high-angle faults and resulting in subhorizontal strike-slip movements, particularly along the Barbrook Fault Zone, which acted as a right-lateral strike-slip fault. Formations north of this fault were buckled, following progressive deformation in the region known as the Sheba Hills, into major synclinal folds (Eureka and Ulundi Synclines) with folded axial planes that dip steeply to the south, southeast or east. The second granitoid intrusion (Stentor Pluton), which has been extensively modified by subsequent magmatic events, caused significant flattening of greenstone belt rocks in the northeastern part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (Three Sisters region) as well as in other areas rimming the granitic body. Combined, the two plutons produced a wide range of interference and reactivated structures particularly affecting a triangular region extending from the Jamestown Schist Belt into the area occupied by the New Consort Gold Mine and areas to the east. This paper attempts to outline, in the simplest manner, the geological and structural evolution of the main gold-producing region of the Barberton Goldfield. The principal aim is therefore to highlight the structural influence of the diapiric plutonism and the manner in which the plutons contributed significantly to the horizontal reactivation of pre-existing regional faults, which in turn, resulted in the progressive deformation of a heterogeneous lithological terrane.
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Male, Rebekah. "The Wellington Town Belt: has the management of the Belt fulfilled its original requirements, or are we at risk of losing our major green space?" New Zealand Journal of Geography 107, no. 1 (May 15, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-8292.1999.tb00388.x.
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Novák, Mirko. "From Ashur to Nineveh: The Assyrian town-planning programme." Iraq 66 (2004): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001765.
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During the last century of Assyria's existence the urban landscape was characterised by a bipolar structure. The old capital Ashur was still the religious, ceremonial and cultural centre, while Nineveh was the seat of royal power (Maul 1997). Both cities were not only the oldest urban entities of the Assyrian heartland, flourishing at least from the third or even fourth millennium BC onwards; they both also represented two different regions within Assyria with very specific geomorphologic environments and distinctive socio-ecological conditions. While the Ashur region is situated at the southernmost edge of the dry farming belt, the Nineveh area is one of the most fertile regions in northern Mesopotamia (Fig. 1).The political fates of the two cities were unconnected for a long time. Ashur became an important trading centre and an independent kingdom at the beginning of the second millennium, whereas for a long time Nineveh stood in the shadow of more powerful neighbours. But in the seventh century it was Nineveh that became the capital of Assyria and the outstanding urban structure of the whole Near East. The refounding and enlargement of the city by Sennacherib was by far the most ambitious town-building programme ever realised in Assyria. Furthermore, it marked the end of a long process of moving the political centre of the country from the Ashur region northwards to the Nineveh region, which coincided with the rise of Assyria from a small kingdom to a world empire. During this development there were several (other) temporary capitals, all of them new foundations like Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta, Kalhu and Dūr-Šarrukēn.
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Mareschal, J. C., C. Jaupart, F. Rolandone, C. Gariépy, C. MR Fowler, G. Bienfait, C. Carbonne, and R. Lapointe. "Heat flow, thermal regime, and elastic thickness of the lithosphere in the Trans-Hudson Orogen." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-088.
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Heat flow studies on the exposed part of the Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO) in northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan allow constraints on crustal composition and lithosphere structure. The average of all heat flow values in the THO is the same as in other geological provinces of the Canadian Shield. However, where juvenile crust is exposed, heat flow is on average lower than in the Superior and Grenville provinces (37 vs. 41 mW m2). Heat flow increases towards the surrounding Archean provinces, RaeHearne to the west, Sask to the south, and Superior to the east. There are strong differences in heat flow within and between the belts of the THO. The poor correlation between heat flow and heat production in the rocks exposed at the surface implies that these differences involve a large fraction of the crustal column. One new heat flow determination confirms the existence of a ``cold spot'' around the town of Lynn Lake in the northern part of the THO. Heat flow data in the Kisseynew and Glennie domains remain sparse, but they indicate that this low heat flow region extends as far south as the Flin Flon Snow Lake Belt. The Lynn Lake Belt is underlain by poorly radiogenic rocks, possibly Kisseynew-type crust with oceanic basement. Northward increase in heat flow along the Thompson Belt is consistent with the view that the belt is thrust over Kisseynew-type basement only in the south. Heat flow increases southward in the Paleozoic basin because of higher heat production in basement rocks, probably from the Sask craton. We used the low heat flow regions to obtain an upper bound of 15 mW m2 for the mantle heat flow in the THO. The effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere can be determined from the coherence between the topography and the Bouguer gravity. The effective elastic thickness is high (>40 km) thoughout the Canadian Shield and is highest in the central part of the shield, in particular in the Lynn Lake region. There seems to be a negative correlation between elastic thickness and heat flow in the central and western Canadian Shield. This indicates that, even in stable continents, the elastic thickness is largely controlled by the lithospheric temperatures that depend strongly on crustal heat generation and hence crustal structure.
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Jia, Zhanhai, Mingquan Wu, Zheng Niu, Bin Tang, and Yuxuan Mu. "Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China." PeerJ 8 (June 2, 2020): e8953. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8953.
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The proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road is an indicator of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9.1.1. This paper aims to calculate SDG indicator 9.1.1 in the proximity of five Algerian expressways. Three monitoring methods are proposed for different spatial regions based on the five expressways built by China’s Belt and Road Initiative Project. These methods are based on remote sensing and WorldPop and The High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) population data. The results indicate that (1) the WorldPop population statistics show that the five expressways built by China’s Belt Project have increased the rural population of the 2 km buffer zone by 192,016 between the start of construction and eight years after its completion. By the end of 2019, the population increased by 329,291 accounting for 1.17% of the rural population. (2) Based on populations estimated form built-up index (NDBI) building areas, the rural populations within the 2 km buffer area of the Bejaia-Haniff Expressway in 2011, 2015, and 2019 were 273,118, 306,430, and 375,408, respectively. (3) HRSL population grid statistics indicate that, in 2015, the populations were: East-West Expressway = 911,549, Bejaia Expressway = 127,471, Tipaza Expressway = 71,411, North-South Expressway = 30,583, and Cherchell Ring Expressway = 41,657. (4) A visual interpretation method based on Google Earth imagery was used to count the number of buildings and number of building floors in the town of Tikhramtath. Based on the estimated population of each building and floor, the population of Tikhramtath town in 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019 was estimated as 1,790, 2,785, 3,365, and 3,870, respectively. (5) Through analysis and accuracy assessment, the appropriate statistical methods for different regions were determined.
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TAKAHASIHI, Rikio. "Traditional Concept Appeared in Fire Preventive Belt in Sapporo Town Plan at the Beginning of Meiji Era." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 60, no. 5 (1996): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.60.413.
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Li, Jia, Ying Yan, Fuhuan Hou, and Juan Dong. "An Ethnographic Study of Linguistic Landscapes at China-and-Vietnam Border." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n1p127.
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Along with China’s Belt and Road Initiative, China is engaging itself with its neighboring countries and many border cities have been strategically positioned as trading nodes linking China to the outside world. This is particularly true with Hekou, a minority-centered border town between China and Vietnam where local minority languages, Chinese, Vietnamese and English are displayed at various spaces. Adopting a critical sociolinguistic ethnography (Heller, 2006; Li, 2017), this study focuses on the intersection of language practices and ideologies by examining the language use and language choices displayed both in public and private signs. Data were collected through linguistic signs displayed at Hekou and individual interviews with local people. Findings indicate that Chinese as China’s official language enjoys the most visibility, and English, though considered as a lingua franca, only acquires symbolic value rather than being used for daily communication at the border town. In contrast, Vietnamese, as a newly emerged foreign language, is acquiring cultural and economic capitals for the local people’ educational and employment opportunities. As a minority-centered border town, the visibility of minority languages on cultural events stands both for tourism boom and for border integrity. The study provides a new context for understanding multilingual practices and China’s border language planning and management in the context of China’s cooperation with Southeast Asian countries.
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Gadzhiev, M. S., A. I. Taimazov, A. L. Budaichiev, A. M. Abdulaev, and A. K. Abiev. "SAVING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN DERBENT IN 2015: EXCAVATION AREA XXXIII." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch133177-201.
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The article presents the results of archaeological research carried out within the framework of saving operations in excavation area XXXIII, located outside the medieval shahristan of Derbent - within 130 meters from the northern defensive wall of the town. The excavations have revealed thick cultural strata (four layers with a total thickness of up to 2.4 m), with a large number of fragments of glazed and unglazed pottery, fragments of glass vessels and bracelets, copper coins, stone tools, etc., belonging to Arab and pre-Mongol periods (8th - early 13th centuries). The dating of the layers was based on ceramic complexes of the layers (especially on glazed ceramics) and on chronologically indicative individual finds (glass bracelets, bronze tip of the belt, coins from layers 3 and 4 - coinage of the Umayyads and early Abbasids). They give evidence of active use of this area of the medieval town located to the north of the architecturally marked shahristan. Despite the presence of thick cultural strata with numerous artifacts interbedded with ash-coal and organic interlayers, no architectural, economic and household constructions (rubbish-heaps, grain pits, bread-baking stoves - tandoors, waterways, wells, hearths, etc.) have been identified in this area. The character of the layers allows drawing the conclusion that household waste dump was located here - outside the shahristan. Termination of functioning of this site near Derbent, as well as many other objects in the town, should be associated with the Mongol invasions in the early 13th century, which resulted in significant reduction of the population and of the territory of the town. In the excavation area were revealed two levels of medieval Muslim burials representing two chronological periods: 15th - 17th centuries (burials 1, 2) and late 8th - early 9th centuries (burials 3-27).
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Merkyte, Inga, Søren Albek, and Klavs Randsborg. "Urbanizing Forest: Archaeological Evidence from Southern Bénin." Journal of African Archaeology 17, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20190012.
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Abstract Until recently archaeological evidence predating the historically known Kingdom of Dahomey in southern Bénin has been next to non-existent. The situation changed when deep and long drainage channels were dug into the fertile soils at the modern town of Bohicon. In the sides of these channels, rich cultural remains appeared, confirming the assumption that high rates of soil accumulation have caused low archaeological visibility in the forest/former forest belt of West Africa. Geophysical mapping and extensive excavations have revealed two large settlements of 500-600 hectares each, partly overlapping but separated by 2000 years. This paper presents both sites – Sodohomé 1, the earliest site encountered so far in southern Bénin, and Sodohomé 2 (or Sodohomé-Bohicon) which dates to AD 900-1150/1220. Although the first has produced some remarkable results, for instance, an iron spearhead that is the oldest securely dated non-meteoritic iron object in Africa known so far, the focus is on the latter site where evidence demonstrates the existence of a true town with craft specialisation, industrial-scale iron production, long-distance trade and wide communication networks.
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UDCHACHON, MONGKOL, HATHAITHIP THASSANAPAK, and CLIVE BURRETT. "Early Permian radiolarians from the extension of the Sa Kaeo Suture in Cambodia – tectonic implications." Geological Magazine 155, no. 7 (April 24, 2017): 1449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000322.
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AbstractA reconnaissance survey of part of western Cambodia has found quarries in and near the town of Pailin containing chert, basalt, volcaniclastic rocks, gabbro and serpentinite. Abandoned quarries contain chert and basalt clasts in a volcaniclastic matrix and may constitute a mélange. A new, recently active, quarry contains these rock units in close and coherent contact but they lack the serpentinitic matrix of the Thung Kabin Mélange of eastern Thailand. The rock units are in close contact and may best be described collectively as a dismembered ophiolite. The mélange–ophiolite association constitutes a 3 km wide, 20 km long E–W belt separating a northern 200 km2 block of the mainly amphibolitic Pailin Crystalline Complex from a southern area of Triassic submarine fan siliciclastic rocks. The cherts yield the first documented radiolarian fauna from Cambodia and include a moderately well-preserved Asselian–Sakmarian age fauna consisting of Pseudoalbaillella sakmarensis, Pseudoalbaillella scalprata morphotype scalprata, Pseudoalbaillella sp. cf. P. simplex, Pseudoalbaillella u-forma morphotype II, Pseudoalbaillella sp. cf. P. elegans, Pseudoalbaillella sp. cf. P. lomentaria, Albaillella sp., Pseudoalbaillella spp., Trilonche? sp., Latentifistularia gen. et sp. indet. and Entactinaria gen. et sp. indet. The Pailin ophiolitic rocks, mélange and volcanic rocks occur within a generally E–W-trending belt, which suggests that the Sa Kaeo Suture does not extend southeastwards paralleling the Thai–Cambodian border, nor extend under the Cardamom Mountains but, rather, extends eastwards into Cambodia and possibly then turns southwards along the strike of the Pursat–Kampot Fold Belt.
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Bowins, R. J., and L. M. Heaman. "Age and timing of igneous activity in the Temagami greenstone belt, Ontario: a preliminary report." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-167.
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The southernmost remnants of Archean supracrustal and intrusive rocks in eastern Ontario are exposed through a window in the Early Proterozoic Huronian Supergroup near the town of Temagami. U–Pb zircon ages from this area indicate the presence of some of the oldest felsic magmatism so far discovered in this portion of the Superior Province. The Iceland Lake pluton (2736 ± 2 Ma) and a nearby rhyolite flow ([Formula: see text]) are contemporaneous, which establishes that at least some of the intrusive rocks in the region are synvolcanic and coeval with the oldest volcanic cycle. The youngest plutonic activity is the emplacement of a late rhyolite porphyry dike at 2687 ± 2 Ma, an age that is bracketed by the 2675–2700 Ma emplacement ages of late internal plutons found throughout the Abitibi Subprovince. The 2736 Ma dates, however, are older than the nearest portion of the exposed Abitibi, some 120 km to the north near Kirkland Lake.
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Zhao, Sidong, Yiran Yan, and Jing Han. "Industrial Land Change in Chinese Silk Road Cities and Its Influence on Environments." Land 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080806.
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The “Belt and Road” has developed from a Chinese initiative to an international consensus, and Silk Road cities are becoming a strategic step for its high-quality development. From the perspective of industrialization, the “Belt and Road” can be regarded as a “spillover” effect of the industrialization process in China. With the spatial shift of Chinese industries along the “Belt and Road” and their clustering in Silk Road cities, the development and change of industrial land in Silk Road cities has become a new area of concern for governments and scholars. In this paper, the driving mechanism of industrial land change in 129 cities along the Silk Road in China is empirically studied by the GeoDetector method. The findings include: first, the development and changes of industrial land in Silk Road cities are significantly spatially heterogeneous, and the “Belt and Road” reshapes the town system and economic geography along the route by virtue of the differentiated configuration and changes of industrial land, changing the social, political, landscape and spatial relations in cities on the line. Second, the driving forces of industrial land change in Silk Road cities under the influence of the “Belt and Road Initiative” are increasingly diversified and differentiated, with significant two-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement interaction between two driving factors, and growing complexity of the driving mechanisms, requiring policy makers to design policies based on key factors, comprehensive factors and their interaction. Third, the environmental effect of industrial land change is highly complex. The industrial land quantity has a direct impact on the ecological state parameter and plays a decisive role in the quality of the ecological environment and its changes in Silk Road cities. However, changes in the industrial land affect the ecological state change indirectly, mainly interacting with it through the coupling of pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions, energy use, ecological planning and landscape design and policy interventions. Finally, this study provides a new framework and method for Silk Road scholars to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land use and coverage in cities along the “Belt and Road” and their influence mechanisms, and provides a basis for the government to make decisions on industrial land supply and layout planning and spatial governance policy design, which is of great theoretical significance and practical value.
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Briggs, William, and C. T. Foster. "Pressure–temperature conditions of Early Proterozoic metamorphism during the Trans-Hudson Orogen as determined from rocks straddling the Flin Flon – Kisseynew boundary at Niblock and File lakes, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-196.
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The Niblock Lake and File Lake areas straddle the boundary between the Kisseynew gneiss belt and the Flin Flon belt, near the town of Snow Lake, Manitoba. The region contains pelitic schists metamorphosed to lower to middle almandine–amphibolite facies. Metamorphic conditions were studied by examining relative timing of growth of metamorphic minerals by geothermobarometry of selected samples. Calculated temperatures and pressures are compared with those estimated from mineral assemblages and reactions on a petrogenetic grid.Two metamorphic (M1 and M2) and deformation (D1 and D2) phases have been recognized in the Niblock Lake and File Lake areas. M1 (contemporaneous with D1 folding) was characterized by growth of micas but no higher grade minerals. Temperatures and pressures of M1, therefore, were probably less than about 475 °C and 3.5 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa). Peak conditions, reached during M2 (late- to post-D2 folding), resulted in growth of garnet, staurolite, sillimanite, and (in the Niblock Lake area) andalusite. In the Niblock Lake area, M2 temperatures range from 525 to 625 °C, with most samples between 550 and 600 °C; pressures range from 2.5 to 5 kbar, with most samples between 2.5 and 4 kbar. In the File Lake area, M2 temperatures range from approximately 560 to 625 °C; pressures range from 3.3 to 4.6 kbar.
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Ketchum, J. WF, and A. Davidson. "Crustal architecture and tectonic assembly of the Central Gneiss Belt, southwestern Grenville Province, Canada: a new interpretation." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 2-3 (April 2, 2000): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-099.
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The Central Gneiss Belt, southwestern Grenville Province, is characterized by parautochthonous crust in the north and allochthonous lithotectonic domains in the south. Despite nearly two decades of study, the basal décollement to allochthonous domains transported from the southeast, known as the allochthon boundary thrust, has not been precisely located throughout much of the belt. Between Lake Nipissing and Georgian Bay where its surface trace is known, it separates 1.24 Ga Sudbury metadiabase in the footwall from eclogite remnants and 1.17-1.15 Ga coronitic olivine metagabbro confined to its hanging wall. On the premise that this relationship can be used to trace the allochthon boundary thrust elsewhere in the Central Gneiss Belt, we have sought to extend the known distribution of these mafic rock types, making use of field, petrographic, and geochemical criteria to identify them. New occurrences of all three mafic types are identified in a region extending from south of Lake Nipissing to western Quebec, and the mutually exclusive pattern of occurrence is maintained within this region. Structural trends and reconnaissance mapping of high-strain zones that appear to represent a structural barrier to the mafic suites suggest that the allochthon boundary thrust lies well to the north of its previously suggested location. Our preferred surface trace for it passes around the southern end of the Powassan batholith and through the town of North Bay before turning east to join up with the Lac Watson shear zone in western Quebec. This suggests that a large segment of "parautochthonous" crust lying north of, and including, the Algonquin domain is in fact allochthonous. The mutually exclusive distribution of the mafic suites points to significant separation of allochthonous and parautochthonous components prior to the Grenvillian orogeny, in accord with models of pre-Grenvillian continental rifting proposed by others. Despite a relative abundance of geological and geochronological data for the Central Gneiss Belt and a mafic rock distribution that appears to successfully locate a major tectonic boundary, we emphasize the need for additional field and laboratory work aimed at testing our structural model.
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Ma, Huiqiang, Jianchao Xi, Qing Wang, Jiale Liu, and Zhigang Gong. "Spatial Complex Morphological Evolution and Influencing Factors for Mountain and Seaside Resort Tourism Destinations." Complexity 2020 (August 19, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4137145.
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Spatial restructuring of tourism destinations is important not only for optimizing the spatial structure but also for promoting its sustainable development. This study adopted participatory rural assessment (PRA), GIS spatial analysis, and Google Earth remote sensing images as the main research methodology. The case studies of mountain resort destination, Huangshui Town, and seaside resort destination, Jinshitan, were analyzed. The study contributes to complex morphological evolution from the perspectives of external structure expansion and internal function reconstruction, revealing the spatial characteristics and explaining the influencing factors. The results showed that (1) in the process of tourism development, these two places have experienced large-scale growth of construction land and expansion of spatial scope. The external spatial structure of Huangshui Town is concentrated in the center and is scattered outward, changing from the form of a strip to a radiating pattern and finally to clusters. The spatial layout of Jinshitan has shifted from scattered to concentrated, changing from scattered to a strip along the coastline. (2) In particular, the internal functional structures of the two places have transitioned from a single residential function to a multicomposite function that integrates accommodation, dining, and entertainment. Among them, Huangshui Town is an “axial belt + group type” structure, and Jinshitan is a “wave type” structure. (3) The results also showed that natural factors such as traffic, terrain, rivers, lakes, and coastlines and anthropogenic factors such as government intervention and community participation are the main factors affecting the evolution of the spatial form of tourism destinations. The two tourist destinations in the study represent mountain resort type and coastal resort type, thereby showing that the spatial structure evolution model has certain typicality and representativeness.
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Ludka, Isabel Pereira, and Cristina Maria Wiedemann. "Geoquímica do gabro coronítico de Amparo, RJ." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 25 (January 1, 2002): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2002_0_44-67.
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The aim of this paper is to present geochemical data and some petrological aspects of the Amparo gabbroic (hyperite) body, located approximately 30 km east of the town, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State. Ten samples of these basic rocks were analysed for major, minor and trace elements, and three of these for REE. The data obtained reflect the limited mineralogical range. The contents of the major elements indicate a sub-alkalic tholeiitic magma, as shown by modal analysis, which classified these rocks as an olivine gabbro. Geochemical analysis of the minor, trace and rare-earth elements shows abnormal incompatible enrichment, such as the high LREE, Ba and Sr contents. Similar results for other basic and ultrabasic intrusions are common in this portion of the Ribeira Mobile Belt.
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WEIR, TONY. "SUICIDE IN CUSTODY." Cambridge Law Journal 57, no. 2 (July 1998): 235–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197398240013.
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Remanded in custody on charges of fraud and failure to answer to bail, Martin Lynch, 29 years old, was placed in a very bare cell at Kentish Town Police Station just before one o'clock on 23 March 1990. The doctor called by the police, who knew that he was a suicide risk and had consequently removed his belt, thought him quite sane. At 1.57 p.m. the police checked his well-being, but on the next visit only eight minutes later he was found irremediably unconscious: he had hanged himself by threading his shirt through the hatch in the door and the much smaller spy-hole above it. This was possible only because the glass lens was missing from the spy-hole and the flap of the hatch had been left open, contrary to standing orders.
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Saito, Makoto, and Kazuhiro Miyazaki. "Jadeite-bearing metagabbro in serpentinite melange of the “Kurosegawa Belt” in Izumi Town, Yatsushiro City, Kumamoto Prefecture, central Kyushu." BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF JAPAN 57, no. 5-6 (2006): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9795/bullgsj.57.169.
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Haji Karim Ahmad, Kamal. "Facies Changes Between Kolosh and Sinjar Formations Along Zagros Fold–Thrust Belt in Iraqi Kurdistan Region." Journal of Geography and Geology 8, no. 1 (November 29, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v8n1p1.
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The present study is concerned with lateral and vertical facies changes between Kolosh (Paleocene) and Sinjar (or Khurmala) (Paleocene-Early Eocene) Formations in Sulaimani and Duhok area, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq. The latter and former formations are belonging to basinal clastic (turbidite) and reefal carbonate facies respectively. The facies changes are documented in six sections by field studies and evaluation of previous ideas and data which are critically discussed and compared to the result of the present study. The special attention is directed towards the contact between the two Formations in relation to conformity. All the studies achieved before 2002 showed conformable contact between the two formations while the most recent study found large a gap (erosional unconformity) between the two formations which persisted for 5million years. According to latter study, the sea level fall associated with this unconformity assigned to be type one and type two sequence boundaries in the east of Darbandikhan, north of Koya towns and the Bekhme gorge.Conversely, the present study has not recorded gaps in the sedimentation in the studied sections either in Sulaimani or Dohuk area. The contact can be regarded as transgressive system tract which represented by green marl or sandstone, which changes to limestone of Sinjar or Khurmala Formation (HST).The conglomerate beds that are recorded in the previous studies at the contact of the two formations are not proved in the present study. The previously recorded conglomerate is located inside the upper part of the Kolosh Formation not in the contact and it represents submarine fan feeder channel. In contrast to previous studies, neither incised valleys nor erosional unconformity are found at the contact between the two formations in the studied area. The one meter intraformational conglomerate that are found (in some previous studies) in the Bekhme gore is not found in the present study. It is observed that the Kolosh Formation, at Bekhme Gore consists of green marl and sandstone with one bed of Khurmala Formation. The green marl is changes totally to dolomitic limestone of the latter Formation toward northwest at the north of Saru Kani village near Bujeel town. This proves that both formations are deposited in one basin and Khurmala formation has the age of Lower Paleocene to Lower Eocene.
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TAI, J. J., J. H. DENG, F. CHEN, and J. B. WEI. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE RUPTURE AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IN HONGKOU TOWN DURING WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 05, no. 04 (November 2011): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431111001145.
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Hongkou Town is located north of Dujiangyan City, around 27 km away to the northeast of the epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008. The middle segment of the central fault, that is the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault of the Longmenshan Fault belt, passes through the town, along which almost every form of surface ruptures is developed. The quake also resulted in 73 of the town's residents dead or missing and 95% of its buildings or infrastructures damaged, including the collapse of Gaoyuan Bridge. Its estimated intensity was around XI. On the other hand, in Shenxigou Village and Gaoyuan Village, many houses successfully withstood the quake. In this paper, the authors examine why the latter houses withstood the earthquake well. Based on field investigation and local geology, especially fault configuration in the area, a detailed description is given on the characteristics of surface rupture and structural damage in the two villages and an attempt is made to correlate fault movement with structural damage. The results show that: (1) Fault movement or surface rupture may be affected by local geological configuration and topography. Compression can lead to local strike-slip movement. (2) Structural damage is associated with fault movement. Strike-slip movement causes less damage to structures, while in the adjacent area of fault with thrust movement, the structures in the hanging-wall can be more easily damaged than the ones on the footwall, i.e. hanging-wall effects. An area located on the footwalls of two nearly parallel faults may result in a "safer island," where structural damage is much lighter that those outside the island. (3) Apart from shaking effect, site effects should also be considered in structural design.
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TSUJIMORI, TATSUKI. "Eclogitic glaucophane schist from the Yunotani valley in Omi Town, the Renge metamorphic belt, the Inner Zone of southwestern Japan." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 106, no. 5 (2000): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.106.353.
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Basu, Sudipto. "Colonization through Municipalization: The Politics of Sanitation and Municipal Governance in the ‘Mofussils’ of Colonial Bengal, c. 1870–1940s." Studies in History 37, no. 2 (August 2021): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02576430211069159.
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How does the state govern a territory which has rapidly grown to become one of the most densely populated regions of the province? How does the state account for the governance of a place which has only recently transitioned from a rural or a semi-rural tract to a town? Most importantly, how does the state govern a region where the main source of power resides with the proprietors of private enterprises? These were some of the questions the colonial state had to deal with when it was faced with the prospect of administering some of the most rapidly ‘urbanizing’ or expanding regions of Bengal. This included the industrial belt—the riparian municipalities of the districts of 24 Parganas and Hooghly—and the mining and railway junctions of Ranigunj and Asansol, which developed from the last quarter of the nineteenth century. How did their administration differ, if at all, from other mofussil municipalities which also had a semi-rural character? This article will examine these questions and try to understand how, through the process of municipalization, the colonial state was trying to control newer territories. It shall also analyse how local communities reacted to these attempts. This paper will argue that any attempt at improvement in these mofussil municipalities was hindered by a lack of understanding, on the part of the provincial government, of the local socio-economic conditions and the ineffectiveness of the local self-government in these towns.
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TSUKADA, Kei, and Toshikazu TSUCHIMOTO. "FIRE BELT AND FIREPROOF BUILDINGS : A study of fire prevention policies in the native town of Yokohama in the Meiji period." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 69, no. 581 (2004): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.69.183_2.
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Hu, Chunguang, Zhiyong Wang, Gaoliu Huang, and Yichen Ding. "Construction, Evaluation, and Optimization of a Regional Ecological Security Pattern Based on MSPA–Circuit Theory Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 16184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316184.
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Ecological security is crucial for regional sustainable development; however, as modern urbanization highlights ecological security challenges, major challenges have arisen. In this paper, we take the ecological region around Taihu Lake, China, as a typical research site, extract important ecological sources and key nodes using morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and circuit theory, and propose a regulatory framework for the ecological security pattern (ESP) of the ecological region based on the spatial characteristics of sources, corridors, and nodes. We obtained the following results: (1) The ESP includes 20 ecological sources, 37 ecological corridors, 36 critical ecological protection nodes, and 24 key ecological restoration nodes. (2) Most ecological sources are large and concentrated in western Zhejiang and west of Taihu Lake, which are both important ecological sources and ecological resistance surfaces. (3) The ecological corridors spread east, west, and south from Taihu Lake, with high network connectivity. (4) Shanghai serves as the central node, with the Su-Xi-Chang town cluster and the Qiantang River town cluster serving as the extension axes for the ecological resistance hot-spot area. The center of the elliptical ecological resistance surface (standard deviation) lies in Suzhou City, located on the east shore of Taihu Lake. (5) Ecological nodes were mostly located in ecological corridors or junctions. A “four zones and one belt” pattern is suggested in order to make the land around Taihu Lake more connected and stable ecologically. This study can be used as a guide for building and improving an ecological safety network.
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Klimeš, J., I. Baroň, T. Pánek, T. Kosačík, J. Burda, F. Kresta, and J. Hradecký. "Investigation of recent catastrophic landslides in the flysch belt of Outer Western Carpathians (Czech Republic): progress towards better hazard assessment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 13, 2009): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-119-2009.
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Abstract. Rapid snow melting and intense precipitation triggered and reactivated tens of mostly shallow landslides in the eastern part of the Czech Republic at the turn of March and April 2006. This area is build up by highly fractured flysch rock units with variable content of sandstones and claystones. The landslide complex at Hluboče (Brumov-Bylnice town) is composed of shallow translational (up to 10 m thick) as well as deep-seated (up to 20 m thick) rotational landslides, which generated a catastrophic earthflow at their toe. This earthflow destroyed three buildings, the access road and caused total loss of about 350 000 EUR. Detailed field investigation, review of the archive sources and interviewing of local inhabitants allowed brief description of slope movement history prior the catastrophic event as well as detailed reconstruction of slope failure mechanisms during the main movement activity (3–4 April 2006). This information, along with the detailed description of the passive as well as active causative factors (structural and morphologic settings) can contribute towards better identification of potentially dangerous slope failures in the study region.
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Clemente-Chavez, A., A. Figueroa-Soto, F. R. Zúñiga, M. Arroyo, M. Montiel, and O. Chavez. "Seismicity in northeast edge of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB), activation of an undocumented fault: the Peñamiller earthquake sequence of 2011, Queretaro, Mexico." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 323–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-323-2013.
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Abstract. The Peñamiller town, in the Queretaro state, Mexico is located at the northeast border of the seismogenic zone known as the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB), which covers a central fringe of Mexico with east-west orientation. In this town, a sequence of small earthquakes occurred during the end of 2010 and beginning of 2011. Seismicity frequent in of the continental regimen of central Mexico are not common, however, it is known that there are precedents of large earthquakes (Mw magnitude greater than 6.0) occurring in this zone. In order to enrich seismic information, which has not been analyzed nor documented until this moment, is presented this work. This will contribute to gain more insight into the tectonic situation of the central Mexico region. Twenty-four shallow earthquakes records of the Peñamiller, Queretaro seismic sequence of 2011 were recorded by a provisional accelerograph network from the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro (UAQ). The data were analysed in order to determine the source locations and for the estimation of the source parameters. The study was carried out through an inversion process and by spectral analysis. The results show that the largest earthquake, occurred on 8 February 2011 at 19:53:48.6 UTC, had a moment magnitude Mw = 3.5, and was located at latitude 21.039° and longitude −99.752°, at a depth of 5.6 km. This zone is located less than 7 km away in south-east direction from downtown Peñamiller. The focal mechanisms are mostly normal faults with a small lateral component. This feature is consistent with the extensional regimen of the southern extension of the Basin and Range (BR) province. The source area of the largest event was estimated to have a radius of 0.5 km, which corresponds to a normal fault with azimuth of 174° and an almost pure dip slip; this caused Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of up to 100 cm s−2 in the horizontal direction. It is evident that the shallow earthquakes induced by crustal faulting can present a potential seismic risk and hazard within the MVB and considering the population growth, the necessity to enrich seismic information in this zone is very important; which at most urban sites in the region might even be greater than the risk posed by subduction earthquakes.
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St-Laurent, Christine, Daniel Lebel, Denis Lavoie, Michel Malo, and Camille St-Hilaire. "Integration and spatial analysis of high-resolution geophysical and geological data, eastern Gaspé Peninsula." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-025.
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In the vicinity of the Town of Gaspé, the relationships between the Silurian-Devonian sedimentary succession of the Gaspé Belt and the Humber and the Dunnage zones are complex. To unravel these relationships, we used high-resolution aeromagnetic data and regional gravimetric data coupled with field tectonostratigraphic information. The magnetic vertical derivative located several magnetic anomalies associated with near-surface features in the SilurianDevonian cover sequence. In particular, a conglomerate with magnetic fragments that overlies the Late Silurian Salinic Unconformity is clearly recognizable. Large ovoid anomalies of significant intensity located in the SilurianDevonian sedimentary cover area cannot be associated with any known geological feature. The interpretation of the high-pass and low-pass filtered aeromagnetic survey indicates that the ovoid anomalies originate below the SilurianDevonian cover sequence. The most significant of the ovoid anomalies is associated with a gravimetric anomaly. It is proposed that these geophysical anomalies are probably associated with ultramafic and (or) volcanic rocks correlative in the subsurface with outcrops of the CambrianOrdovician lithologies of the Lady Step Complex and (or) the Shickshock Group.
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Gadzhiev, M. S., A. L. Budaychiev, A. M. Abdulaev, and K. B. Shaushev. "EXCAVATIONS OF THE DERBENT SETTLEMENT IN 2015." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13170-92.
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The article presents the results of the excavations of the Derbent settlement conducted by the Derbent archeological expedition in 2015 within the framework of the grant of the Russian Foundation for Humanities, which started in 2012. The settlement predated the construction of the Derbent defensive complex in late 560s and it was gradually left after the construction of a new town, which was named Derbent (Darband). The excavations carried out in the southern sector of excavation site XXV revealed cultural strata, construction and household remains (walls of rooms, pits, etc.) dated back to the 3rd-6th centuries, and medieval Muslim burials in the cultural layer. As a result of the works, a variety of archaeological finds were obtained. Among the various finds, of special interest is a bronze belt clasp found in pit 18, which is associated with layer 3 and represents an important chronological indicator – according to its analogies it dates back to the last decades of the 4th–early 5th centuries AD. In 2014 during the excavations, a similar clasp was found in pit 12, which stratigraphically is also associated with deposits of layer 3. These clasps allow narrowing the absolute date of pits 12 and 18 to late 4th – early 5th centuries AD. Alongside with other chronologically indicative finds (including samples of the so-called Sasanian ceramics), they give support to dating of the cultural strata of the excavation site and associated constructions and household objects. The obtained materials (fragments of ceramic ware, objects made of ceramics, bone, bronze, iron, stone) characterize the culture and life of the population of the Derbent settlement, identified with the walled town Chor/Chol, known to ancient Armenian, Georgian, Syrian, early Byzantine and Arab authors, and which was an important administrative, political and religious center of the East Caucasus.
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Schavran, Gabrielle. "Structural Features in the Huerfano Park Area, East Flank, Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado." Mountain Geologist 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.22.1.33.
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Laramide deformation along the east flank of the Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado, has produced an imbricate thrust system with associated major folds in the Middle Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, west of the town of Gardner. Thrusts dip 5 to 15 degrees to the west and are offset along strike by small tear faults. Major folds are inclined to overturned near the leading edges of the thrusts and become open and diminish in amplitude to the west, farther from the leading edges. Fold axes trend between N 10 Wand N 60 Wand plunge gently to the northwest or southeast. Tectonic transport was from west-southwest to east-northeast as interpreted from ma1or thrust and fold trends. Detailed analyses of minor structures such as bedding-plane thrusts, minor folds, and angle faults substantiate the style of deformation and the interpreted direction of transport Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks were detached and thrusted, probably above a major decollement surface. Folds, bedding thrust reverse faults, and tear faults developed during thrusting and imbrication. Regionally, Precambrian rocks to the west in the Sangre de Cristo Range are interpreted to be allochthonous suggesting that the fold and thrust belt represents a zone of Laramide crustal shortening.
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Nicol, Carol-Anne, Dan Marshall, Hans Christoph Einfalt, and Derek Thorkelson. "Pressure-Temperature-Fluid Constraints for the Formation of the Halo-Shakiso Emerald Deposit, Southern Ethiopia: Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies." Canadian Mineralogist 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000069.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The Halo-Shakiso emeralds were discovered near the town of Shakiso in southern Ethiopia in 2016. They are gem quality, Cr-dominant emeralds hosted within ultramafic rocks and associated with Cambrian pegmatite intrusions of the Adola Belt. Aqueous-carbonic primary fluid inclusions hosted within emerald have a composition of approximately 3.0 wt.% NaCl eq. and an XCO2 of 0.06, with minor amounts of N2, CH4, and H2S. Stable isotope thermometry of contemporaneous quartz and emerald yields temperatures in the range of 420 to 470 °C. Combined stable isotope and fluid inclusion data are consistent with emerald precipitation at pressures ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 kbar, corresponding to depths of 5.9 to 8.9 km. Additionally, emerald channel water δD and calculated δ18O isotope values are consistent with an igneous origin for the fluids responsible for emerald precipitation; these fluids are also responsible for the metasomatization of the host rocks in and near the pegmatite, forming the phlogopite schist that is host to the Halo-Shakiso emeralds. The isotopic signatures, combined with the occurrence of adjacent pegmatites, support the classification of the Halo-Shakiso emerald deposit as a Tectonic-Magmatic-Related emerald deposit.
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Neely, Sarah. "‘The skailing of the picters’: The Coming of the Talkies in Small Rural Townships in Northern Scotland." Journal of British Cinema and Television 17, no. 2 (April 2020): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2020.0522.
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Like that of many other nations, Scotland's film history has been characterised largely by its focus on its great metropolitan centres. The occasional studies which do look outside the ‘Central Belt’ stretching between Scotland's two greatest cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh, are likely to concentrate on two of its other sizeable cities, Aberdeen and Dundee. This article will consider cinemas north of Inverness (Scotland's most northerly city), including those in Wick, Thurso and the islands of Orkney and Shetland. The talkies arrived late to all of the townships considered. Cinema audiences dwindled as silent films fell out of favour with local audiences well aware of the ubiquity of the talkies elsewhere in Britain. When sound finally did arrive, the return of audiences to local picture houses had a great impact on the small rural townships, forcing councils to deal with the ‘problem of the talkie queues’ and the ‘skailing of the picters’ (the audiences spilling out into the town after a film). Using a variety of archival sources – local newspapers, council reports, oral histories and diary entries – this article focuses on the various economic and social impacts resulting from the arrival of sound.