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Journal articles on the topic 'Town and village greens'
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1
George, Martin. "The Time of Town and Village Greens." King's Law Journal 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/09615768.25.3.325.
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McGillivray, Donald, and Jane Holder. "Locality, environment and law: the case of town and village greens." International Journal of Law in Context 3, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552307001012.
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In this paper we explore one type of commons – town and village greens – which are an important feature of the rural and, increasingly, the urban, English landscape. Greens are an ancient form of commons, but they are increasingly recognised as having contemporary significance, particularly because of their potential to act as a reservoir for natural resources and their enjoyment. They are, in other words, emerging out of a ‘feudal box’. We focus on the fact that town and village greens are recognised in law by their association with a group of people defined by their physical proximity to the land which is to be registered. Although this does not in itself constitute a community, the law requires for the registration of land as a town or village green a certain degree of organisation and self-selection and this has in the past fostered both a sense of subjective belief in ‘belonging’, as well as exclusion (the rights of local people being potentially ‘diluted’ by the use of the land by those from outside the locality). As well as helping to produce and recognise community and community identity, then, commons may simultaneously produce the conditions for disassociation and exclusion. In this context, we consider how law defines and upholds notions of locality, and also the ways in which an increasingly powerful environmental discourse might be seen to challenge the primacy given to locality as a way of defining and creating greens and, more generally, the practical effects of this on how decisions are made about preserving these spaces as ‘common’. We consider the scope of the public trust doctrine as providing an example of how law is capable of accommodating ideas of shared nature and natural resources, in this case providing a form of public ownership over natural resources. Whilst our analysis is rooted firmly in the law relating to town and village greens in England and Wales, this body of law displays certain important features more broadly applicable to a range of other types of common land, and raises more general issues about how law supports certain interests in land, often to the exclusion of others.
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Aitchison, John. "The town and village greens of England and Wales." Landscape Research 21, no. 1 (March 1996): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426399608706477.
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Bogusz, Barbara. "Regulating public/private interests in town and village greens." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2013): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561451311312801.
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Pratt, Natalie. "The “by right” defence in village green registration." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 7, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-09-2014-0027.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court concerning the registration of land as a town or village green (TVG). This area of law has proved contentious over the past decade and shows no sign of relenting. Most recently, in April 2014, the Supreme Court was asked to determine whether use that is pursuant to a statutory right could be qualifying use for the purposes of village green registration, which requires 20 years use “as of right”. Design/methodology/approach – The paper starts by summarising the law relating to the registration of land as a TVG and identifies the current problem that the courts are grappling with, namely the “by right” defence. After analysing the two leading authorities in relation to this point, the paper makes a judgment on the operation and conceptual underpinning of the “by right” defence. Findings – The paper concludes that the “by right” defence in the context of village green registration is a functioning concept that prevents the registration of land as a town and village green whenever the use relied upon is indulged in pursuant to a statutory right. Furthermore, the defence should also be construed with the pre-existing test for use “as of right” rather than being recognised as an additional limb to this test. Originality/value – The value of this paper is that it seeks to clarify an area of planning and property law that is fraught with conceptual uncertainty, and seeks to re-align the law of town and village greens with its prescriptive underpinnings.
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Rodgers, Christopher. "Nourishing and protecting our urban ‘green’ space in a post-pandemic world." Environmental Law Review 22, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452920934667.
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‘Green spaces’ provide important cultural ecosystem services in our towns and cities. ‘Green’ space may come in many forms – for example parks, village greens, urban commons, or just neglected and undeveloped wasteland. But all of it is important as it can provide much needed space for open air recreation and exercise in crowded urban areas. The covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdown has shown just how important it is for us to have easy access to open space for recreation and exercise. But much of our green space is, in an age of austerity, under threat. Covid-19 has shown that we need to reappraise planning policy for the designation and protection of new areas of green space in our urban environment; to better protect existing open space, including village greens and commons; and to seek to rebalance planning policy to ensure that the drive for new housing does not take place at the expense of ensuring that adequate green space is provided for existing and future communities.
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Wang, Zhong Hua, and Wen Qiang Jiang. "Environmental Protection of Ancient Towns and Villages of China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4073.
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China has a lot of ancient towns and villages that have been attracting international and domestic tourists. Tourism management in ancient towns and villages of China is crucial to delivering economic, social and environmental responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to describe and examine the problem of ancient towns and villages of China and to explain its underlying causes and the possibilities. Furthermore, the article argues that serious human damages, environmental pollution and ecological degradation are occurring ancient towns and villages at a rapid rate. The station has the potential to significantly undermine the prospects for tourism development of ancient towns and villages of China. In the light of this fact, it aims to make explicit the problem-solving principals, including the following recommendations: limiting business scope, infrastructure investment, green certification program, environmental education, inhabitant participation, and promoting tourism products. In the longer term, only when the stakeholders of ancient town and village tourism collaboration, will truly obtain integrated sustainable management.
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Holder, Jane, and Donald McGillivray. "Recognising an Ecological Ethic of Care in the Law of Everyday Shared Spaces." Social & Legal Studies 29, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663919858703.
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Law plays a vital role in the life and loss of open shared spaces, used and enjoyed on an everyday basis by local people. In this article, we adopt an analytical framework based on an ethic of care to critique the registration of land as a ‘town or village green’, using the example of an inquiry into the greens status of an ancient woodland. Analysing written and oral witness statements in this inquiry makes clear the centrality of such places in many people’s lives, giving rise to community-based, and forward-looking, interests. However, the legal focus upon quantitative assessments of individuals’ use of land in the recent past means that the prospective consequences of losing such valued areas are currently poorly acknowledged, and accounted for, in the registration process. This leads to the question whether an ethic of care towards everyday shared spaces may be better recognised via more deliberative plan-making regimes.
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Wang, Lei, Bo Yu, Fang Chen, Ning Wang, and Congrong Li. "An Analysis of Eco–Environmental Changes in Rural Areas in China Based on Sustainability Indicators between 2000 and 2015." Land 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081321.
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Ecological zoning and green–development assessment at the village–town scale in China are significant tasks for sustainable planning in China. In this study, we build an index system to calculate the eco–environmental vulnerability score and divide the results into extreme, heavy, moderate, light, and slight levels based on evidence from 43,046 villages and towns in China from 2000 to 2015; then, we build a sustainable–development score calculation criterion to perform sustainability assessments. The results show that nine indexes (digital elevation model (DEM), slope, net primary productivity (NPP), total rainfall per year, per capita cultivated land, farmland proportion, grassland proportion, forestland proportion, and construction–land proportion) are the main factors in the variation in eco–environmental vulnerability under the conditions of urbanization. The eco–environment is found to have worsened from 2000 to 2015, and the deterioration areas are mainly concentrated in Tibet, the eastern area of Xinjiang and the Xing’an Mountains region. Economic growth and ecological protection can achieve common development when eco–environmental vulnerability is at light and slight levels, while when eco–environmental vulnerability is fragile, the inhibitory effect of economic growth is obvious in rural areas. The results can provide useful information for village–town planning.
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Guo, Rong, and Yujing Bai. "Simulation of an Urban-Rural Spatial Structure on the Basis of Green Infrastructure Assessment: The Case of Harbin, China." Land 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8120196.
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Due to their long-term dual structures and rapid urbanization, cities and villages in developing countries are undergoing the challenges of urban-rural integration and ecological security. This study aims to determine the pattern of urban-rural spatial structures under the circumstances of ecological security in the future to promote the integrated, coordinated, green, and sustainable development of urban-rural spaces. Using a quantitative evaluation method, the logistic-CA model, the LCP (least cost path) model, and a classification of ecological importance, this study constructed an integrated simulation model based on a green infrastructure assessment and applied the model to simulate and predict the urban-rural spatial structure of the Harbin city territory (Harbin) in 2035. The results indicate that the urban-rural hierarchical scale structure of Harbin comprises a central city, sub-central city, central town, major town, common town, central village, and general village. The urban-rural traffic network structure forms a pattern of “radiation + grid”, with Harbin city at the center of the structure. The urban-rural land use zoning structure consists of eco-spaces, agricultural spaces, and construction spaces. It can be concluded that in 2035, the urban-rural spatial structure of Harbin will show an increasing development tendency, where single-center, medium, and small cities in will Harbin develop, and traffic systems above the county level will also improve.
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Mukherjee, Sanjay. "From the vanishing to the virtual: space envisioned in literature." Ars Aeterna 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2022-0005.
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Abstract The paper contends that space envisioned in literature – which is always inextricably intertwined with time – has never been real. From the bucolic settings in Theocritus’s idylls (which have a pronounced mythical component) to the town in the heart of America in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, which is narrated in the past tense to be as “once a town”; from the Ptolemaic concept of heaven and hell in Dante’s Divine Comedy to the “unreal cities” in Eliot’s The Waste Land; from the thatched cottages and country churches besides the vanishing village greens in Chaucer, Blake and Austen to the goings-on in the imagined county of Wessex in Hardy’s novels or the invented islands by Swift in Gulliver’s Travels to the retreat to the Walden Pond, to, the fading away of institutional space – whether in the phenomenal world or the space within the human heart – as in Larkin’s “Church Going”, literature worth reading has always been a complex record of what we were (the vanished time-space) to what might become of us in the dystopic time-space narrated with all the horror on the screen that collapses the boundaries between the actual and the virtual. The paper attempts to contemplate on some of these points.
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Xing, Wenwen, Cheng Zhou, Junli Li, Weiyin Wang, Jingchi He, Youjun Tu, Xiu Cao, and Yunhua Zhang. "Suitability Evaluation of Tea Cultivation Using Machine Learning Technique at Town and Village Scales." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092010.
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Suitability evaluation of tea cultivation is very important for improving the yield and quality of tea, which can avoid blind expansion and achieve sustainable development; however, to date, relevant research at town and village scales is lacking. This study selected Xinming Township in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, as the study area, which is the main production area of Taiping Houkui Tea—one of the ten most famous teas in China. We proposed a machine learning-based tea cultivation suitability evaluation model by comparing logistic regression (LR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest (RF), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to calculate the weight accuracy of the evaluation factors. We then selected 12 factors, including climate, soil, terrain, and ecological economy factors, using the RF with the highest accuracy to calculate the evaluation factor weights and obtained the suitability evaluation results. The results show that the highly suitable area, moderately suitable area, generally suitable area, and unsuitable area land categories for tea cultivation were 14.13%, 27.25%, 32.46%, and 26.16%, respectively. Combined with field research, the highly suitable areas were mainly distributed in northwest Xinming Town, which is in line with the distribution of tea cultivation at the Xinming township level. The results provide a scientific reference to support land allocation decisions for tea cultivation and sustainable green agricultural development at the town and village scales.
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Liu, Sufang, Lei Shi, Hui Zhang, and Chuan Wang. "Green Design Strategy of Village and Town Residential Buildings under the Background of New Urbanization." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 592 (September 10, 2019): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/592/1/012123.
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Fan, Qindong, Fengtian Du, Hu Li, and Chenming Zhang. "Thermal-comfort evaluation of and plan for public space of Maling Village, Henan, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0256439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256439.
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The thermal environment of village public space affects the comfort of people ’ s outdoor activities, and then affects the willingness of residents to outdoor activities, which has an important impact on the villagers’ quality of life. Previously published studies of thermal comfort mostly focused on the evaluation of thermal comfort index, few studies on the application of thermal comfort planning. The study was carried out in Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. Square, street, green space were chosen as three typical public spaces where thermal comfort indexes were measured by questionnaire survey and field measurement during summer. Subsequently, the village’s microclimate environment was simulated with ArcGIS 10.6 and ENVI-met. The results indicate that during the summer, the influences of temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity on the subjective comfort conditions of the outdoor environment gradually decreased. The spatial form of village has an important influence on thermal comfort. Finally, based on the results, this study put forward the thermal comfort process and planning scheme of the village outdoor space.
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Shestopalova, Natalia. "Historical and cultural landscape of the Kuda River valley and its use for recreational purposes." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821204004.
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The issues of the micro-agglomeration organization of the oldest rural settlements of the 18th century in the Irkutsk region, the villages of Ust-Kuda, Urik and Khomutovo, are considered in this paper on the basis of the recreational development, and development of the existing historical and cultural landscapes. The main idea of the research (carried out at the Department of Architecture and Urban Development of Irkutsk National Research Technical University under the guidance of the author), in which the town planning potential of the site was identified and the project proposal followed, as presented in the illustrative part of the article, was transformation of the main axis of the inter-village highway on the Greenway principle: creation of the “Green corridor”, saturated with the objects of the tourist cluster (monuments of architecture and natural attractions, panoramic views, etc.), pedestrian alleys, bike paths and other sports and recreational facilities. This will significantly improve the recreational, cultural and, as a result, investment attractiveness of this territory, both for the local population, and for domestic and foreign tourists.
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Ronan, Harley. "Wiltshire Council v Cooper Estates Strategic Land Ltd : Development Plans and the Restriction of Town and Village Green Applications." Modern Law Review 82, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 1146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12476.
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He, Jiang Shan, Yu Hang Hao, and Hong Bin Lu. "Study on the Green Construction Technology and Measurement in Villages and Towns of North China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.273.
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Analysis of existing problems in green construction in villages and towns of North China, combined with the green construction techniques and experience in Shijiatong village demonstration plot, green construction principles and technique measure which apply to the villages and towns of North China are proposed. Suggestions on speeding up green construction technology in North China villages and towns.
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Saito, Yukihiko, Yoshitomi Tutui, and Akio Shino. "A Study on Green Tourism Plan connoting Landscape Management System. A Case Study of OOJIMASAN Village, TAKAMORI Town, NAGANO Prefecture." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 21 (2002): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.21.21-suppl_103.
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Тихонова, Elena Tikhonova, Демиденкова, Lyubov Demidenkova, Хазова, and Ekaterina Khazova. "Development of the concept of landscaping in modern trends with the introduction of elements of the natural environment in urban structure on the example of the cottage settlement "Berezka", Ramonsky district, Voronezh region." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11260.
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The modern concept of gardening involves the use of large amounts of inert materials, different designs, and modern forms. Widespread urbanization of territories entails almost complete exclusion of green spaces, landscapes mediocrity and aggressive environments. All this has a negative effect not only on the environment but also has a negative impact on human. Reduced Stress resistance reduces and the working population decreases, the percentage of various diseases increases. In this paper we consider the question of proposing how to tie urbanized area with the surrounding environment. Along with urbanized areas a suburban town, so-called "second home" play a major role in people´s lives. Accomplishment of such areas should include elements that allow a person to relax as much as possible by working days. Since the cottage villages are composed of model homes, it suggests the monotony plan of surrounding territory. The best decoration of such areas is the use of tree and shrub vegetation, as well as decorative flower crops. Flower decoration of adjoining areas refreshes dull monotony of typical households. Given the impact of current trends in landscape design, we note the following aspects of the areas design. Rectilinear forms of trees and bushes are disappearing as the most fashionable style decision is a landscape of the site. Manor house in the Russian style looks particularly attractive, as historically Russian style was associated with the natural environment. Cottage village is ideally located surrounded by forest on the banks of a natural lake. The objective of our work was to unify the territory of cottage settlement with the surrounding ecosystem. For small areas "small" gardens are ideal decision. We also offer to create more comfortable living environment to emphasize the conditional zoning with green hedges. The paper presents a range of plants that will accentuate central Russian landscape and create coherent whole perception of the village and the environment.
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Byalt, Vyacheslav V., and Michail V. Korshunov. "Several records of alien species new to the flora of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)." Turczaninowia 25, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.25.4.19.
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The article presents new records for five alien species previously unknown from the flora of United Arab Emirates (UAE): Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. (Euphorbiaceae), Samolus valerandi L. (Myrsinaceae), Oldenlandia umbellata L. (Rubiaceae), Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Sapindaceae), and Corchorus aestuans L. (Malvaceae s. l. / Tiliaceae). All of them have been recorded for the first time from the emirate of Fujairah in eastern part of the UAE. Euphorbia cyathophora, which is rare in the country, was found only in “Green Oasis Nursery” at Al Dibba town, Oldenlandia umbellata– found at the beginning of the seefront at Fujairah City, and they are new for the flora of the Arabian Peninsula. Samolus valerandi was found only in the “Desert Nurseries Group store 1 (palms)” at village Al Bidiya, Corchorus aestuans – in private nursery at Al Dibba town, and Cardiospermum halicacabum was found in the Masafi friday market, they are new for the flora of Fujairah and UAE.
Accepted names, synonyms, spatial distribution, habitat preferences, and species taxonomy with remarks on identification and differentiation from the most similar taxa occurring in the study area, as well as the list of localities are presented. The herbarium materials were transferred to the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), the duplicates – to the Herbarium of Altai State University (ALTB, Barnaul, Russia) and the Scientific Herbarium of Fujairah (FSH, Wadi Wuraya national park, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates).
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Pasaribun, Iswan, Rudi Latief, and Emil Salim Rasyidi. "Analisis Pengaruh Pembangunan Kota Baru Moncongloe Terhadap Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat." Journal of Urban Planning Studies 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/jups.v3i1.331.
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Abstract. In the research that the author conducted was about the influence of the development of the New City of Moncongloe on the livelihoods of the people. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between the development of the moncongloe new city and people's livelihoods. This study uses two variables, namely the Progress of Moncongloe New Town Development and Community Livelihoods. The analytical approach used in this research is the Quantitative Approach. In this study, the r-test analysis tool (Pearson Correlation) was used to determine the effect of the development of the moncongloe new town on the livelihoods of the people in Moncongloe Village, Moncongloe District, Maros Regency. Based on the results of the Pearson Correlation Analysis , the conclusion of this study is that the development of the New City of Moncongloe experiences land changes every year, namely the change of green open space into residential land. The development of the New City of Moncongloe has a significant effect, very strong with a negative correlation value on farmers. This means that the increasing progress of Moncongloe New Town Development will have an impact on the decreasing number of people who make a living as farmers. Abstrak. Pada penelitian yang penulis lakukan ini tentang pengaruh perkembangan Kota Baru Moncongloe terhadap mata pencaharian masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh antara perkembangan moncong kota baru dengan mata pencaharian masyarakat.Penelitian ini menggunakan dua variabel yaitu Progres Pembangunan Kota Baru Moncongloe dan Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat. Pendekatan analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan Kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini alat analisis uji-r (Pearson Correlation) digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perkembangan kota baru moncongloe terhadap masyarakat Desa Moncongloe Kecamatan Moncongloe Kabupaten Maros. Berdasarkan hasil Analisis Korelasi Pearson, kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perkembangan Kota Baru Moncongloe setiap tahunnya mengalami perubahan lahan yaitu perubahan ruang terbuka hijau menjadi lahan pemukiman. Perkembangan Kota Baru Moncongloe berpengaruh signifikan, sangat kuat dengan nilai korelasi negatif terhadap petani. Artinya semakin majunya Pembangunan Kota Baru Moncongloe akan berdampak pada semakin berkurangnya jumlah penduduk yang bermata pencaharian sebagai petani.
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Mathur, Mansi, Sudarshan Ramaswamy, Mitilesh Sharma, Meera Dhuria, Sujata Arya, Himanshu Chauhan, S. K. Jain, and Sujeet Kumar Singh. "Inter-state cross border superspreading event of SARS-CoV2 in Central India, May 2020." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213083.
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Background: During the mid-weeks of May 2020, a superspreading event occurred in a town of Central India, where breaking bread together led to an outburst of COVID-19 cases. This led to a sudden increase of the daily average number of cases later on in the month.Methods: An epidemiological investigation was done to investigate the cause. Process of the epidemic investigation done has been described under three parts namely - Case finding, Contact tracing, Public health response.Results: Our epidemiological investigation and contact tracing of the index case confirmed a superspreading event of COVID-19 which occurred due to multiple social gatherings during mid weeks of May 2020. It was estimated that 118 cases belonged to G0 and 94 cases belonged to G1 generation of the index case.Conclusions: Most likely source of infection to the index case was from the guests who came for a social gathering on May 11, 2020 (lockdown 3) from a village across the border in Rajasthan, a high COVID-19 prevalent zone (Orange) to a low COVID-19 prevalent zone (Green).
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Ge, Chang, and Yapeng Ren. "Analysis on the protection and sustainable development of traditional villages and towns based on low-carbon thought: A case study of traditional low-carbon design thought to optimize sustainable development of villages and towns in Jiangnan, China." BCP Business & Management 21 (July 20, 2022): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v21i.1184.
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Under the background of rural revitalization, the important goal is to help the sustainable development of villages and towns. While implementing the concept of green development, development needs to promote the inheritance and continuous activation of rural culture. In this paper, the ancient architectural wisdom and green design concept contained in the traditional houses in the south of the Yangtze River were studied, and how to extract the low-carbon ideas and combine them with modern green technology to achieve the parallel development of villages and towns and the preservation and promotion of traditional culture was explored. The research results also provide new ideas for village development and cultural heritage in a carbon-neutral context.
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Vasilev, D., S. Malchev, and A. Zhivondov. "Preservation and study of old local forms of the so called “vineyard peach” (Prunus persica L.) in the Shumen region, Bulgaria." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.03.035.
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Abstract. During the period 2015-2017, scientific expeditions were conducted in the region of the town Shumen, located in the north-eastern part of Bulgaria, mainly around the village Madara where the concentration of natural forms derived from seedlings is the greatest. The purpose is to discover and research old local forms of the so called “vineyard peach” and to preserve them for possible future inclusion in breeding programmes to create new cultivars using more extended genepool. As a result, three forms of “vineyard peach” were selected from the local populations. The fruits of the three local forms are small and with primitive taste qualities but fit for human consumption. Two of the forms have white fruit flesh and one is with green. Two of the peach forms have vigorous growth, but one of the forms with white fruit flesh is of weak vigour. The three forms are spontaneous natural products obtained through long-term seed propagation. The trees are old but vital and without visual damage by diseases and pests, regularly bear fruits and have good annual growth despite competition from weeds, bushes and trees.
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Ge, Xichen, Liang Sun, Jiongzhen Chen, and Shuangrong Cai. "Land Utilization, Landscape Pattern, and Ecological Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis of Discrimination and Overlap from Suining, China." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 8526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148526.
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The rapid urbanization in recent decades has highlighted the impact of rural land utilization, which further affects the spatial structure and efficiency of rural ecosystems. Optimizing the structure of urban green infrastructure is an effective way to alleviate the fragmentation of rural landscapes, coordinate the relationship between rural development and ecosystem services, and ensure sustainable rural development. The purpose of this paper is to provide a clear direction for the optimization of construction for the sustainable development of rural green infrastructure (RGI). This study provides a new method for RGI identification and analysis by taking Suining County, a typical rural area on the North China Plain, as an example. Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) was used to distinguish different space scenery elements in RGI and combine them with land utilization elements, so as to obtain two types of overlapping degree data in each village and town. We further combined the overlapping degree data with ecological efficiency indicators to evaluate the spatial structure construction priorities of different land use components in the RGI system. The results show that the MSPA and ecological efficiency analysis method proposed in this paper are conducive to qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relationship between land use type, spatial structure, and ecological efficiency in the RGI system and are suitable for the construction of a green infrastructure network. This method can be used to better understand the spatial distribution and priority of green infrastructure networks to achieve sustainable rural development on the North China Plain.
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Wang, Hua. "Ecological Village Planning and Green Building Design from the Perspective of Rural Environmental Aesthetics." Scientific Programming 2022 (June 14, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2022757.
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The society is making continuous progress, and the results of urban planning and construction are obvious to all. However, there are still many problems in the planning and construction of villages and towns, resulting in relatively backward development. The purpose of this article is to study the planning of ecological villages and towns and the design of green buildings from the perspective of rural environmental aesthetics. This article briefly introduces the principles and problems of ecological village planning through literature research and investigation and puts forward some suggestions on ecological village planning. Through investigation and experiment, the energy problem, structural material problem, and planning problem in green building design are analyzed. The results show that due to various limitations, the use and promotion of solar energy are blocked. Only by helping farmers solve their difficulties can clean energy be used in green buildings and the burning of straw be reduced. Nationwide, the proportion of brick-concrete structures, brick-wood structures, and reinforced concrete structures in rural housing reached 57.2%, 26%, and 12.5%, respectively. Many rural buildings pursue reinforced concrete structures, but brick and wood structures may be more suitable for most rural areas.
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Haji Karim Ahmad, Kamal. "Facies Changes Between Kolosh and Sinjar Formations Along Zagros Fold–Thrust Belt in Iraqi Kurdistan Region." Journal of Geography and Geology 8, no. 1 (November 29, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v8n1p1.
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The present study is concerned with lateral and vertical facies changes between Kolosh (Paleocene) and Sinjar (or Khurmala) (Paleocene-Early Eocene) Formations in Sulaimani and Duhok area, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq. The latter and former formations are belonging to basinal clastic (turbidite) and reefal carbonate facies respectively. The facies changes are documented in six sections by field studies and evaluation of previous ideas and data which are critically discussed and compared to the result of the present study. The special attention is directed towards the contact between the two Formations in relation to conformity. All the studies achieved before 2002 showed conformable contact between the two formations while the most recent study found large a gap (erosional unconformity) between the two formations which persisted for 5million years. According to latter study, the sea level fall associated with this unconformity assigned to be type one and type two sequence boundaries in the east of Darbandikhan, north of Koya towns and the Bekhme gorge.Conversely, the present study has not recorded gaps in the sedimentation in the studied sections either in Sulaimani or Dohuk area. The contact can be regarded as transgressive system tract which represented by green marl or sandstone, which changes to limestone of Sinjar or Khurmala Formation (HST).The conglomerate beds that are recorded in the previous studies at the contact of the two formations are not proved in the present study. The previously recorded conglomerate is located inside the upper part of the Kolosh Formation not in the contact and it represents submarine fan feeder channel. In contrast to previous studies, neither incised valleys nor erosional unconformity are found at the contact between the two formations in the studied area. The one meter intraformational conglomerate that are found (in some previous studies) in the Bekhme gore is not found in the present study. It is observed that the Kolosh Formation, at Bekhme Gore consists of green marl and sandstone with one bed of Khurmala Formation. The green marl is changes totally to dolomitic limestone of the latter Formation toward northwest at the north of Saru Kani village near Bujeel town. This proves that both formations are deposited in one basin and Khurmala formation has the age of Lower Paleocene to Lower Eocene.
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Pasarang, Elisabeth Yanti, Dasmin Sidu, and Mardin Mardin. "Pendapatan dan Sikap Wanita Tani dalam Bercocok Tanam Sayuran Sawi di Kelurahan Anawai Kecamatan Wua-Wua Kota Kendari." Jurnal Ilmiah Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56189/jippm.v2i1.24124.
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This research aimed to: (1) Determine the income earned in farming mustard greens in Anawai Village, Wua-Wua District, Kendari City, and (2) The attitude of women farmers in in farming mustard greens in Anawai Village, Wua-Wua District. Kendari City. This research was conducted in Anawai Village, Wua-Wua District, Kendari City, and was carried out from September to November 2021 with a total of 20 samples that selected through census. The data was analyzed using descriptive descriptive method that was processed using the income of women farmers, and processed using the bloom taxonomy percentage formula to determine the attitudes of women farmers. The results showed that (1) The income earned by women farmers in farming mustard greens in Anawai Village, Wua-wua District, Kendari City, is Rp 2.372.000/farming season with an average income of Rp 118.600, and was obtained from total revenue in the form of sales of mustard greens production, and total expenses in the form of fixed costs and variable costs. (2) The attitude of women farmers in farming mustard greens in Anawai Village, Wua-Wua District, Kendari City, which is more dominant is at the organizational level (A4) with a total of 12 respondents with a percentage of 60%.
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Cavrić, Branko, and Marco Keiner. "Upravljanje urbanim razvojem brzorastućega afričkog grada: primjer Gaboronea, Bocvana." Geoadria 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.106.
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Urban development in the last four decades has brought a complete change to the urban image of Gaborone. Its original savannah landscape and surrounding green complexion has changed by cumulative impacts of numerous factors involved in creation of a contemporary settlement, from a small village to the capital city of Botswana. The concept of a "garden city" was introduced immediately after the country gained its independence from the British in 1966. Building on the legacy of "garden city", it was assumed that the "new town" will continue to shape and gain recognition as an urban oasis. However, this was not the case and Gaborone became the fastest growing urban laboratory in Sub-Saharan Africa, portraying intensive diffusion and adoption of imported urban models (WARD, 1999). The spectacular population increase from only 7,000 people in 1966 to almost 200,000 in 2001, and urban sprawling were inevitable. This enlargement was fuelled by rural-urban migration owing to the administrative and economic status of Botswana's new capital, as well as, due to intensive urbanization, industrialization and transportation based on individual car use. Even in the latest city development plan (GoB, 2001) less attention has been paid to the role of green networks and areas, and their contribution to many ecological and societal values. Today, Gaborone is facing the challenge of the typical problems of mega-cities, such as environmental degradation, urban sprawl. The research project DIMSUD is dedicated to identify ways toward sustainable urban development, starting with an analysis of challenges, and continuing with the tasks for urban planning and opportunities for sustainable urban development.
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Tovsultanov, Rustam Alkhazurovich, Malika Sharipovna Tovsultanova, and Lilia Nadipovna Galimova. "The Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922: the formation of new Turkey and the collapse of the idea of Great Greece." Samara Journal of Science 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022112207.
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The paper deals with the history of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922. As a result of the defeat in the Ottoman Empire in the First World War, the country became the object of the division of the Entente countries and their satellites. The Turkish sultan became a puppet of the leadership of the British Empire. In May 1919, a large-scale Greek intervention in Anatolia began. In 1920, the Sultans government recognized the imposed humiliating Treaty of Sevres, which divided the territory of Turkey between neighboring states and great powers. However, a powerful patriotic movement arose in Anatolia, led by Mustafa Kemal. Playing on the contradictions between the Entente countries and at the same time on their confrontation with Soviet Russia, M. Kemal led Armenia out of the war, deprived the Greeks of support from France and Italy, re-equipped the Turkish army and gained time to prepare for the defeat of the Greek military forces. The successive victories of the Turks in 1921-1922 near the village of Inonu, the Sakarya River and the town of Dumlupinar caused the final collapse of the idea of Great Greece. The results of the national liberation struggle of the Turkish people were fixed by the Lausanne Treaty of 1923. The final results of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 determined the geographical boundaries and political system of the modern Turkish Republic.
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Goymour, Amy. "Village Greens and the Fight Against Development." King's Law Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2007): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2007.11427667.
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Mansfield, Nick. "Class Conflict and Village War Memorials, 1914–24." Rural History 6, no. 1 (April 1995): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000832.
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‘I am persuaded that the Memorial Crosses, in the Churchyards, on the village greens, where the roads meet, will for many years to come cry eloquent but silent protest against all that divides and degrades village life.’ The Bishop of Hereford, 1920.
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Bennett, Andy. "'Village greens and terraced streets': Britpop and representations of 'Britishness'." YOUNG 5, no. 4 (December 1997): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/110330889700500402.
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Honey, Richard. "Commons Act 2006: Developing Common Land and Protecting Village Greens." Environmental Law Review 9, no. 2 (June 2007): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2007.9.2.132.
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Yulita, Nourma, Mohammad Agus Prayitno, and Sultan Ahmad Fausan. "Biomol Potential from Vegetable Market and Tofu Factory Waste for Cleared Land Crops." Eksakta: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 23, no. 01 (March 30, 2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss01/311.
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This research was conducted in Cialam Caya Village, Konda Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency, in July - September 2021. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of various doses of Biomol on the growth and yield of mustard greens. This study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consisted of 7 treatments with biomol doses, namely: control (without biomol), P1 50 ml, P2 100 ml, P3 150 ml, P4 200 ml, P5 250 ml, P6 300 ml, 3-time treatment repetition to produce 21 experimental units. The results of this study concluded that the administration of biomol had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of mustard greens (plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight) and the best dose of biomol for mustard greens (Brassica Juncea L.) was at a dose of 200 ml.
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Djuric, Bojan. "Roman sarcophagus from Titel." Starinar, no. 70 (2020): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta2070201d.
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The unusual Roman sarcophagus of green volcaniclastic rock that was found in Titel, a small town in Vojvodina (SRB), and is now kept in the Muzeul National al Banatului, in Timi?oara (RO), caused considerable unease among scholars in the past as it could not be convincingly connected with any of the productions in Pannonia and Moesia Superior. Only Silvio Ferri, albeit a long time ago, correctly identified its connection with the sarcophagus production in Sirmium and with the sarcophagus of Asclepiodota in particular, made of Dardagani limestone. Sarcophagi of volcaniclastic rock have only been recorded in the region of Srem and its immediate vicinity, and were all produced in Sirmium. The material most likely arrived there from the south, quarried near the village of Rajici, ca 25 km west of Domavia, in the valley of the River Drina. The structure and decoration of the sarcophagus from Titel reveal it as essentially the type produced by the workshops at Salona using models from Prokonessos. Having said that, its decorative details reveal a more complex picture. The decoration of narrow strips of plant motifs indicates a close relationship between the sarcophagus workshops at Sirmium and the workshops active in the middle and upper valley of the River Drina with its tributaries, with the centre at Skelani (municipium Malvesiatium), which, in turn, had close ties with the Salona production. The use of the Norico-Pannonian volute of Type 6 (after Pochmarski) on the inscription panel frame of the sarcophagus from Titel shows another area of influence - the travertine sarcophagus production of Aquincum - on the appearance of the sarcophagi from Sirmium that freely use these motifs (including Type 7) to form the frames of the inscription and figural panels. Available evidence clearly shows that the sarcophagus from Titel can be attributed to the Sirmium sarcophagus production of the 3rd century, more precisely its second half.
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Agergaard, Jytte, Susanne Kirkegaard, and Torben Birch-Thomsen. "Between Village and Town: Small-Town Urbanism in Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031417.
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In the next twenty years, urban populations in Africa are expected to double, while urban land cover could triple. An often-overlooked dimension of this urban transformation is the growth of small towns and medium-sized cities. In this paper, we explore the ways in which small towns are straddling rural and urban life, and consider how insights into this in-betweenness can contribute to our understanding of Africa’s urban transformation. In particular, we examine the ways in which urbanism is produced and expressed in places where urban living is emerging but the administrative label for such locations is still ‘village’. For this purpose, we draw on case-study material from two small towns in Tanzania, comprising both qualitative and quantitative data, including analyses of photographs and maps collected in 2010–2018. First, we explore the dwindling role of agriculture and the importance of farming, businesses and services for the diversification of livelihoods. However, income diversification varies substantially among population groups, depending on economic and migrant status, gender, and age. Second, we show the ways in which institutions, buildings, and transport infrastructure display the material dimensions of urbanism, and how urbanism is planned and aspired to. Third, we describe how well-established middle-aged households, independent women (some of whom are mothers), and young people, mostly living in single-person households, explain their visions and values of the ways in which urbanism is expressed in small towns. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of this urban life-in-becoming of small towns for urban planning, emphasizing the importance of the development of inclusive local governance. Ultimately, we argue that our study establishes an important starting point for further explorations of the role of the simultaneous production and expression of urbanism in small town urbanization.
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Dringelis, Liucijus, Evaldas Ramanauskas, Ingrida Povilaitienė, and Justina Mačiukėnaitė. "EXPLORATION AND RESPECTATION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES, TOWNS, TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES AS A SIGNIFICANT FORMANT OF THEIR IDENTITY." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1028509.
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Under the conditions of globalization and integration the issue of identity preservation with respect to the spatial structure of the Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages has been discussed by many authors. The need to protect the originality and identity of landscape in the countries of the world, their natural and cultural heritage, the spatial structure and architecture of the cities, towns, townships and villages under such complicated circumstances is considered in a number of national and international documents. On the basis of the carried out indoor research and field exploration the paper aims at the discussion of the most significant urbanistic, architectural, landscape and other features that form the specificity and identity of the Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages. The following specific features of the settlements have been analysed: the period when a settlement emerged, its visual interaction with the environment (panoramas, silhouettes), natural conditions (terrain line, water bodies, green spaces), plan and spatial structure (street network, building arrangement, squares, green spaces, etc.) and significant buildings (sacred, public and other buildings and constructions). Due to their significance and uniqueness all the mentioned features form the identity of the analysed object. The following objects were selected for the research: all towns (103), townships (249), church villages (301), villages as local administrative centres (97) and ordinary villages with adequate natural and cultural heritage (318), in all 1.068 settlements, or 5% from the total number of the country's settlements (21.043). On the basis of the carried out research, the paper analyses the historical development of Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages; the current demographical and urban status of the country's settlement system; defines the principles of settlement selection and identity research methods; discusses the research progress and the results obtained during the exploration of the specificity of the spatial structure of cities, towns, townships and villages. The analysis of the spatial structure of the country's largest cities has also been presented which reveals the violations of their most specific features (e.g. old towns, river valleys, etc.). The paper also offers a comparative analysis of the specificity of Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages and adequate types of settlements in foreign countries.
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Hayati, Noraida. "Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) terhadap Pemberian Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Itik pada Lahan Rawa Lebak." RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2012): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36589/rs.v2i1.7.
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Mustard greens is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value and contains vitamins A, B and C. The growth and production of mustard greens in swampy swamps can be optimal if the addition of fertilizer is done with organic or non-organic fertilizers. Duck manure contains macro and micro nutrients which are high enough to support the growth of mustard greens. This study aims to (i) determine the growth response and yield of mustard greens to the administration of several doses of duck manure in lebak swamp land (ii) obtain the best dosage of duck manure that can respond to growth and yield of mustard plants on lebak lowland. This research was conducted in Sungai Durait Village, Babirik District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. In July - August 2008, using a single randomized block design (RBD), with 6 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 24 experimental units. Examinee factor is dosage duck's manure that is 0 kg.m2, 0,5 kg.m2, 1 kg.m2, 1,5 kg.m2, 2 kg.m2, 2.5 kg.m2. The result of the research showing the treatment duck's manure very significant response to all of variable with the best treatment is 1,5 kg.m2 or 15 ton.ha-1
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Rulyansah, Afib. "Model Penanaman Hidroponik Sawi Daging Sistem Wick Sederhana untuk Pemenuhan Gizi Pencegah Stunting." Jurnal Abdi Panca Mara 1, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51747/abdipancamarga.v1i1.474.
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This training program is shown to provide new knowledge and information in the mustard farmers sector. The agricultural sector business that was included was owned by the GAPOKTAN groups in Pajarakan Kulon Village. Partners who have problems with the mustard planting system and the fulfillment of nutrition from vegetables to the community. The problems that exist in partners are still not getting the right solution so that in this case solutions can be given in the introduction of new planting models in the mustard growers sector through training in planting mustard greens using a simple Wick Hydroponics System, in order to produce superior types of mustard greens that canard must provide nutritional fulfillment with good and optimal. The existence of problem solving by partners gets new information, training and hands-on practice carried out in each partner's residence to test the trials and continue to run into businesses in the mustard farmers sector
Keywords: training, hydroponics, mustard greens, nutrition
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Hunowu, Devita Pratiwi, Idrus Salam, and Hidrawati Hidrawati. "Optimizing Income for Vegetable Farming in Puubunga Village Baula District Kolaka Regency." Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jimdp.v6i1.16178.
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This study aims to determine whether the poly-culture of vegetables (mustard greens, spinach, and kale) in Puubunga village has achieved optimal resource use and how much income the farmers use of the resources in optimal conditions. This research was conducted from July to August 2020. Analysis of the data used in this research is the analysis of optimality using the analysis tool Linear Programming POM for Windows 3. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the sensitivity interval between changes in resources without changing the optimal income. The results of the optimization analysis show that resource use is not optimal. The use of land, mustard seeds, urea fertilizer, medicines (Dursban and Gramoxone) and labor is not yet optimal or not fully utilized while their availability is excessive, so it needs to be added or subtracted from the existing supply. The use of spinach seed, kale seeds, and manure are scarce resources because in optimal conditions all supplies are used up. The total income of vegetable farming (mustard greens, spinach, and kale) obtained under optimal conditions is IDR 777.275 per growing season, which is greater than the actual total income of vegetable farming of IDR 672.814 per growing season.
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OGURI, Hiroshi. "Concepts on “Machi (town)” and “Mura (village)”." New Geography 35, no. 4 (1988): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5996/newgeo.35.4_1.
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Martellaro, Joseph A. "Town and Village Enterprises in the PRC." China Report 30, no. 3 (August 1994): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944559403000305.
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Grdovic, Svetlana, and V. Stevanovic. "The moss flora in the central urban area of Belgrade." Archives of Biological Sciences 58, no. 1 (2006): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0601055g.
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In floristic research on mosses in the central urban area of Belgrade, the presence of 58 species classified into 23 genera and 12 families was verified. The mosses occur in different specific and extreme microhabitats. Diversity of the bryoflora in urban ecosystems can be explained in terms of the large number of different habitats found on large greens, old fortress ruins, and roofs, as well as in gardens in the center of the Old Town.
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Zhao, Yujing, Hong Leng, Pingjun Sun, and Qing Yuan. "Application and Validation of a Municipal Administrative Area Spatial Zoning Model in Village-Town System Planning." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071855.
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The overall planning of urban and rural areas is the focus of municipal administrative area (MAA) planning in the process of economic globalization, and village-town system planning is the key to the overall planning of urban and rural areas. Based on the theory of spatial equilibrium and economic logic, an objective municipal administrative area spatial zoning model (M-MSZ) was constructed in our previous study. The M-MSZ model can provide guidance in the planning of a village-town system. This paper takes a city in the south of Heilongjiang Province in China as an example and compares the M-MSZ model with six traditional MAA spatial zoning models (the urban growth boundary model, land use planning model, spatial governance zoning model, major MAA location, layout and planning model, development timing-order and zoning model, and scale and function zoning model) to verify the value and superiority of the M-MSZ model in the planning of a village-town system. The consistency Kappa values were 78.2%, 83.3%, 82.3%, 79.8%, 75.7%, and 83.9%, respectively, which means that the M-MSZ model was highly consistent with those comparison models. Meanwhile, the regression coefficient R2 is higher than that of the traditional spatial zoning models, which means that the objectivity of the M-MSZ model is higher than that of traditional models. The superiority of the M-MSZ model over the traditional MAA spatial zoning model lies not only in its capacity to grasp the core content of village-town system planning, but also in its capacity to unify the decentralized urban system planning models that are used for village-town system planning, while realizing the objectivity of a weight assignment. Its unified model structure, objective integrated model system, and high accuracy make the M-MSZ model capable of solving the key problems associated with village-town system planning, with many advantages, such as easy operation, high efficiency, good inheritance, low cost, and greater objectivity, detail, and accuracy. In addition, it can provide a reference for the development model of a MAA village-town system.
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Heru Kreshna Reza, Kurniati Karim, and Melly Susanti. "Overview Of Village Fund Allocation By Number Of Villages." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v3i1.426.
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The existence of regional autonomy can increase regional income, villages can be more independent in managing village finances. This type of quantitative descriptive research will answer how big is the relationship between the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) given to each district and the number of villages. The populace in this review is the breakdown of town assets by area/city for monetary year 2020. Furthermore the example utilized in this review is subtleties of town assets by area/city for financial year 2020 in Bengkulu Province, which are 9 areas. The outcomes observed that the assignment of town subsidizes given to every area was as per the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia No. 193/Pmk.07/2018, however the aftereffects of the connection test showed that the connection between the allotment of town assets to the 9 locale and the quantity of towns shows the relationship that Average is equivalent to 0.411.
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Vin, Yury. "Fortified Villages of Mediaeval Byzantium: Town or Village?" Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 194–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.6.17.
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The search for a model rural settlement – “village” is the common position in interpretation of the problem on the “fortified villages” of Mediaeval Byzantium. On the one hand, the multiformity of the settlement’s types in the Byzantine Middle Ages is conditioned by climatic and local natural specificities. On the other hand, the patterns of rural settlement are predetermined by the social and economic structure and development of all the other sides of life of habitants of the village, including a dwelling. The tasks of the defence of population foreordain a necessary of construction of fortresses (“kastra”) and their deployment into defensive system. It quite corresponds to the processes, developed in many south regions of Mediaeval Europe, where the building of fortifications, transmuting the village into the fortress – “castrum”, becomes as rule. The building of the fortresses and other fortifications in towns and rural settlements of Mediaeval Byzantium creates a trend, designating the degree of necessary defence of its habitants. This tendency makes itself felt in Late Byzantium. The guarded by walls rural settlements here were not unique. The “pyrgoi” and so named “dwelling towers” were built everywhere, these served as refuges for villagers in the ordeals of the war years. The appellation “pyrgos” turned into synonym of the designation of the rural settlement, as a landlord’s state, and a substitute of term “chorion”. The “pyrgoi” appeared practically as “keypoints” of every description of the territories of large landownings, the passed ways and the households arranged there. The system of fortifications as a defence of whole region was deployed in Byzantine country, where the rural settlement has significant position. The article consists of the Introduction (“Introduction. The Village and key Problems of its Studying”), three parts (“The fortified Settlement”, “The rural Fortifications”, “The Pyrgos”) and the part “The Results and Conclusion. The Common Trends”, where the main problems are examined, touching the study of the Mediaeval Byzantine village, pyrgoi and common regularities of fortification of Late Byzantine village.
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Nouri, Said, and Mohamed Fakir. "Classification of Printed Moroccan Town and Village Names." Journal of Information Technology Research 7, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2014100101.
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This paper presents a new method called density weight and zigzag sequence to recognize printed Arabic names. This technique was performed on two steps, the first aims to reduce matrix size of 96x96 into 12x12 using density weight techniques, in the second step the last matrix (12x12) was used to extract 144 sequences following path zigzag technique. 144 features found are used for representing each name in data set. This proposed technique was tested on Morocco town and village names using KNN with consensus rule and SVM classifiers. The perfect score was obtained with KNN (k=9) and SVM (linear kernel).
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Vuksanovic, Gordana. "Migration from town to village: Reality or utopia." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 167 (2018): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1867619v.
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In this paper the author analyses possibilities of movement from an urban to a rural area. The aim of the movement is: to stimulate employment or self-employment, to solve the problem of accommodation, to decrease depopulation of rural areas, to prevent devastation of existing farms and infrastructure. The proposed paper is based on the empirical research carried out among the twenty respondents whose families had moved from the town to the village. All respondents were married and they had children. The data were collected via a semi - structured interview. Besides the empirical research, the paper also relies on relevant statistical data, as well as scientific and professional literature.
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Yuliani, Ida, Septiana Dwi Utami, and Ismail Efendi. "PENGARUH KOMBINASI PUPUK KANDANG DENGANUREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bjib.v6i1.2338.
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This study aims to determine the effect of combination of manure with urea on mustard greens. This type of research is true experiment. The experiment was conducted in experimental garden located in Pejeruk Bangket neighborhood of Pejeruk Village, Ampenan District, Mataram City. The research was using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatment of 6 replications with combination of manure with different urea on mustard plant P0 (Control), P1 (100% manure), P2 (50% manure + 50% urea fertilizer) P3 (100% urea fertilizer). The data of the research were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan test if there was effect of cow manure komninasi treatment with urea to growth of mustard greens. The results showed that the combination of manure with urea on the growth of the mustard greens had a significant effect on plant height and wet weight, while the leaf length and leaf width did not significantly affect. The effect of fertilizer combination shows different results on each parameter. In the highest plant growth parameter height at P2; Leaf length at P1; leaf width at P1; and wet weight on P2.