Dissertations / Theses: 'Tourist Site'

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Cerri, Giada. "Towards Museum-Like Sites: the Cases of Florence, Rio de Janeiro and New York." Doctoral thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1183288.

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The thesis aims to initiate a debate around the unexplored field of sites that are not museums but that are used as if they were museums. It addresses a practical issue: whether contemporary museum practices can be used at museum-like sites and yet preserve their original function. There are places that are not officially classified as museums, but present similar dynamics. These sites attract people for several reasons, they might hold special meaning, house artistic heritage, or stand as symbols. Places such as palaces, churches, natural parks, cemeteries, and urban squares both maintain their original functions and host visitors who come for other reasons. In these sites, museum-like behaviors add to the site-specific uses of the space. We identify all these behaviors (uses and practices) as rituals. In conducting a historical overview, we observe that similar examples were present in the past as well (i.e., the Basilica of Saint Denis in Paris), but the institutionalization of the museum complicates the contemporary understanding of historical examples of museum-like sites. As a consequence, there is a lack of literature about both historical and contemporary museum-like sites. This research aims to initiate a debate around the unexplored field of sites that are not museums but that are used as if they were. From the perspective of museography, the question that needs to be addressed is: Can contemporary museum practices be implemented at museum-like sites, while preserving the original function of the sites? The main research question leads to further queries. For example: when is a site also a museum? Can different collective social behaviors be considered rituals? How can different behaviors/rituals be managed in the same place? Can different behaviors coexist? If so, how? Which tools and design solutions can an architect apply? The research develops in two main parts. Following the introduction, the first part describes the theoretical framework, in which general concepts about museums and rituals are related to the research subject. The second is dedicated to the case studies. To answer to the research question, the study aims to construct a theoretical and multidisciplinary framework that helps to interpret complex situations. In fact, the theoretical part is a tool for understanding such spaces and their users. The analysis of the cases enables answering both the main questions and the sub-questions of the research. This dissertation focuses on the set of issues related to sites that are enjoyed as “museums,” while maintaining their original use. Given the lack of literature, the research requires initiating a discussion across multiple disciplines. The general framework of this study addresses the concept of a site-specific museum, and takes into account the several meanings of the word museum, as well as the current debate about what constitutes a museum. The lack of definitions and the necessity of a framework for a discussion of museum-like sites brings us to consider the concepts of museums in relation to defined notions, such as: museum-like structure, heritage, museum of itself, house museum, and non-Western museums. In addition, the presence of tourism at museum-like sites introduces further considerations regarding consumption of the space, introduction of specific policies, management of the visitors, the necessity of supplementary services, and safety regulations and features. Considering rites and rituals, a varied panorama emerges: religious and secular rituals, collective exceptional behaviors, and everyday rituals. Philosophers, sociologists, and anthropologists describe and classify certain behaviors and standardized manners as rituals. The latter might be specific to certain places, allowing the association of people and rituals to a site. In their works, scholars such as Durkheim, Callois, Eliade, Bourdieu, and Segalen describe some typologies of rites executed by groups of people. All the sites examined in this study share touristic use and interest; tourism might therefore be considered a ritual too. The links between rituals and sites are exemplified through an overview of theoretical studies made by architects (Rossi, Norberg-Schultz, and Lynch, Venturi, Scott-Brown and Izenour) and scholars from different disciplines (Augé and Clement). In order to produce consistent results, it is necessary to define a set of boundaries. The selected criteria led to the choice of case studies. Besides commonalities, we selected three different geographic locations. All of these sites host touristic rituals, are symbolic, popular, accessible, broadly known, part of the Western culture, and are tourist attractions. They have distinctive, site-specific elements, in particular their meanings and rituals. The selected case-studies are: · The Monumental Complex and Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy · The Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil · The National September 11 Museum & Memorial in New York City, USA The Monumental Complex and Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence, Italy Santa Croce is a sacred place for the Christian religion with an invaluable artistic and architectural heritage. Here, as well as in other European cathedrals, the touristic ritual mixes with the religious. The discussion of whether the church is a religious place or a museum has already begun (Pirazzoli and De Marchi 2011; Gathan, 2012), and remains unanswered. In addition, Santa Croce presents a complex situation from both the museographical and museological sides, and the museum designer must address a multifaceted place that is unchangeable and not flexible. The Maracanã Stadium, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Locally and universally considered to be the “temple” of soccer, the Maracanã Stadium is a must-see for supporters and tourists as well as the historical emblem of equality and social redemption for Brazilians. Moreover, given the close relationship between society and futebol, the stadium is considered to be a secular civic institution. The symbolic and cultural importance of the Maracanã Stadium can be explained only through a historical overview of soccer in Brazil that involves the history of the country, of Rio de Janeiro and, of course, the stadium. In this case study, the identified rituals are touristic and the “cheer” (Durkheim 1912 and Callois 1950). Time has determined different uses of the structure, and consequently, the presence of different rituals at particular moments. The National September 11 Museum & Memorial, New York City, USA The National September 11 Memorial & Museum and the victims of that day are linked to the commemoration of a tragedy, which imparts significant symbolic value. The place is a memorial and a public square, where rituals of commemoration join those of urbanism and tourism. Compared to the other cases, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum is the only project which, from its inception, included the memorial square, the underground museum, and the services for citizens, tourists, and the victims’ families. The memorial was erected knowing that it would have to be a tourist location. All the chosen sites are used as if they were museums, in addition to their primary functions. Besides the general research questions, each case raises additional issues. Each case is presented through the description of its history, architecture, meanings, rituals, current use of the spaces, and the public that visits it. The final part of each case chapter is devoted to a discussion of spaces, rituals, and museum settings, organized according to issues, potentialities, and perspectives. The goal is to start closing the gap in the literature through a coherent approach that can be used in different contexts, with solutions that will correspond to specific needs and issues.

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Filloz, Claude Valia. "La médiation touristique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20063.

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On pourrait dire que le projet de cette thèse consiste à comprendre l’articulation dans l’espace, du tourisme et de la communication dans des situations qui mettent en tension un sujet individuel, dévoilant toute la singularité de son désir dans des récits ou des pratiques et des acteurs collectifs engagés dans les politiques touristiques, les médias et les institutions du tourisme.Notre réflexion s’organise ainsi en suivant les modalités de l’articulation entre ces dimensions réelle, symbolique et imaginaire du tourisme. Dans le champ des SIC et particulièrement grâce à des modèles permettant de formaliser la médiation touristique, notre approche conceptuelle permet d’appréhender les significations du tourisme. Nous modéliserons les composantes, les liens et interrelations de la médiation touristique pour proposer une approche théorique de ce que l’on peut appeler la signification touristique de l’espace.En premier lieu, nous abordons les définitions, un état de la recherche en tourisme et le lexique du tourisme par l’étymologie et l’analyse lexicale des termes les plus fréquents : « tour », « tourisme », « touriste », « loisir », « villégiature », « vacances » et « voyage ».En second lieu, nous proposons de poser les bases du champ de la médiation touristique et de montrer que la pratique sociale du tourisme est une médiation. Nous présenterons, commenterons et analyserons, en nous fondant sur un schéma de la médiation touristique, les différentes relations de communication en jeu dans la médiation touristique. Puis nous présenterons les structures de la médiation touristique pour fonder « une théorie critique » de la médiation touristique.Par la suite, nous approfondirons le concept en présentant les opérateurs, les acteurs et les politiques de l’organisation du tourisme, en nous fondant sur l’analyse d’exemples et d’études concernant principalement la médiation et les médiateurs dans le cas de la France pour comprendre comment pratiques et scènes de tourisme s’organisent. Par la suite, nous décrirons et analyserons le système d’information touristique en deux points. Le premier concerne l’énonciation de l’espace produit par le touriste, les touristes et les médiateurs du tourisme (énonciation de la parole du guide par exemple) au travers des récits pluri et multimédias. L’autre concerne la mise en œuvre des stratégies par les destinateurs (opérateurs et acteurs de l’organisation du tourisme privés et publics) au travers des médias du tourisme (généralistes, spécifiques du tourisme et guide touristiques). Un travail d’analyse de discours porte sur des exemples de documents textuels et/ou iconiques des guides touristiques et des labels touristiques
It may be said that this thesis aims at understanding the spatial articulation between tourism and communication in such situations as those in which an individual subject – expressing the whole peculiarity of his or her desire through telling or practices – and collective actors are brought together.My reflection thus organises itself in accordance with the modalities of the articulation between the three dimensions of tourism: the practical dimension, the symbolic dimension and the imaginary dimension.Tourist activity consists in travelling and in visiting a site, a place or a destination; tourist mediation means the range of activities that are organised around tourism or those that are associated to it. Tourist mediation concerns the agents and the practices in the field of tourism. In this context, I wish to show that tourist mediation structures the perceptions, the interpretations and the practises of space.I address the definitions; give an overview of academic research on tourism and address the notions of tourism through the etymology of its main words (tour, tourism, and tourist) and through the differences that exist between tourism and other notions similar to it such as leisure, vacations, holiday and travelling. These notions are necessary to the comprehending of tourist mediation.I intend to lay the foundations of the field of tourist mediation and to demonstrate that the social practise of tourism is a form of mediation. I will present the tourist objects that structure the tourist practises of space. The structures of tourist mediation will then be laid; this will enable me to craft a “critical theory” of tourist mediation. With a view to understanding how the practises and the scenes of tourism organise, I will subsequently widen the concept by presenting the operators, the agents and the policies of the tourist organisation; the examples and the studies of the latter are mainly concerned with mediation and mediators in the case of France. I situate tourist mediation in relation to the experience of otherness and to the relationship to the others, to wanderlust, to the tourist imagination and to cultural imagination too. I then describe and give a two-point analysis of the tourist information system. The first point is concerned with the enunciation of space produced by the tourist, the tourists and by the tourist mediators (the enunciation of the guide’s discourse for instance) through various multimedia telling. The second point is concerned with the enunciation, through the tourist media (non-specialised or tourism media, tourist guides), by the speakers (e.g. operators and private or public agents of the tourist organisation) of the communication strategies and of the tourist descriptive signing. This discourse analysis relates to examples of textual and/or iconic documents

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Tang, Ruying. "Sustainability of Badaling Great Wall heritage site in Beijing, China: from a tourist perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65756.

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Heritage tourism and the concept of sustainability have some certain intrinsic associations between each other. They both possess the characteristics of inheritance and continuance. In 2015, World Heritage Convention has stated that it is critical to consider present and future needs from economic, societal and environmental aspects when conserving the heritage resources. The Great Wall is one of the most popular and well-known heritage tourism destinations throughout the world, which was designated on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1987. Badaling Great Wall, as the study case in the thesis, is one of the eight sections of the Great Wall being located in Beijing. Based on the review of previous literature, there are a lot of research studying on heritage tourism within the context of sustainability from the aspect of local resident. However, there is little research studying from the perspective of tourist, who are the major consumers, financial support and a key group of stakeholders in heritage tourism. Hence, this thesis puts emphasis on exploring the current challenges to sustainability at Badaling Great Wall site, through investigating its current situation of sustainability from a tourist perspective. The research findings are that Badaling Great Wall site has confront several management-related challenges. Lack of commercial appeal and promotion, absence of cooperation between stakeholders, the negative effects caused by excessive visitors, lack of efficient energy, water and waste management, and absence of a sound scheme for monitoring the situation of heritage conservation and supervising negative tourist behaviors.

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Ladeiro, Maria Marta Lam. "A eficácia dos sites turísticos. Estudo de caso: Lisboa e os principais concorrentes." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4459.

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A promoção turística, dadas as características do turismo enquanto serviço, enfrenta um grande desafio: a tangibilização da oferta. A internet, particularmente os sites, oferecem um poderoso meio para vencer este desafio, proporcionando não apenas a possibilidade de tangibilizar a oferta por via da qualidade e quantidade da informação que podem disponibilizar, bem como permitem despertar o interesse e o desejo do viajante e facilitar todo o processo de planeamento e aquisição da viagem. Esta importância despertou o interesse académico e empresarial pelo tema da eficácia dos sites turísticos, permitindo referenciar na literatura, não obstante a relativa “juventude” do tema, inúmeras propostas de modelos que permitem avaliar a eficácia dos sites turísticos. Este estudo é mais um contributo para esta temática, e permitiu, por via de uma análise sistemática das propostas de modelos existentes e da contextualização do papel dos sites na promoção turística, propor um modelo que integra os contributos de muitos autores, acrescentando-lhe uma estrutura distinta que permite uma interpretação dos resultados mais operacional e direta. Efetivamente, o modelo proposto, assenta num conjunto de fatores que já haviam sido identificados na literatura como essenciais à eficácia do site mas organiza-os em torno das diferentes etapas do processo de compra do consumidor, permitindo avaliar não só a eficácia global do site mas também o seu desempenho na concretização destas diferentes etapas. Os resultados obtidos permitem assim, não só avaliar, mas também detetar vias de melhoria e/ou de adaptação do site aos objetivos definidos para a comunicação do destino. A aplicação do modelo proposto ao site turístico da cidade de Lisboa e dos seus principais concorrentes demonstrou esta sua capacidade, permitindo, por via dos resultados obtidos, determinar que os diferentes sites apresentam um elevado desempenho na sua capacidade em transmitir informação sobre o destino, nomeadamente sobre os seus produtos, atividades, cultura e costumes e na relação com o cliente, designadamente no que se refere à assistência do planeamento em viagem e no apoio ao cliente.
Tourism promotion, given the standards of tourism as a service faces a major challenge: supply tangibilization. The internet and particularly websites, offers a powerful way to overcome this challenge, providing not only the possibility of creating tangibility of supply by the quality and quantity of information provided, whilst captivating interest and desire of travelers and facilitating all travel planning, processing and acquisition. This matter has captivated academic as well as business-related interest regarding efficiency of tourist websites resulting in much literature on the subject, in spite of its recent development, namely numerous proposals of models for measuring efficiency of tourist websites. The present work is to be yet another contribution to the academic study of this matter, looking to allow through a systematic analysis of proposed and existing models and through the contextualizing of the role of these website in tourism promotion propose a new model that integrates the contribution of many authors, adding a distinct structure that allows a more operational and direct interpretation of the given results. The proposed model is based on a number of factors that have been identified in the literature referenced as essential to the efficiency of websites, but seeks to organize them around the different stages of the consumer’s buying process, allowing not only to evaluate the overall efficiency of the website but also its performance in achieving these different stages. The results obtained not only allow evaluation, but also detect ways to improve and/or adapt the website to the objectives planned for destination communication. Applying the proposed model to the tourist website of the city of Lisbon and its main competitors demonstrates this ability, allowing, given the obtained results to determine which different websites have high performance within their ability to transmit information about the destination, especially in regard to their products, activities, culture and customs and customer relationship, particularly in regard to assistance in trip planning and customer service.

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Aldrigue, Natália de Sousa. "Midiatização das práticas turísticas: estudo de caso sobre o site Tripadvisor e a página Trip Tips." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5561.

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Neste estudo, examinamos as práticas turísticas sob o enfoque comunicacional, no contexto da midiatização, por meio do estudo de casos do site Tripadvisor e da página Trip Tips, com o objetivo de observar como tais práticas vêm sendo modificadas e permeadas por operações midiáticas e por suas lógicas. O problema de pesquisa eleito está centrado na seguinte questão: como se organizam e funcionam as práticas turísticas no contexto de midiatização complexificada? Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos os seguintes capítulos: a) estudo da arte, no qual observamos estágio, ângulos e questões sobre as pesquisas na área do turismo; b) construção de um marco teórico a partir do exame de elementos que caracterizam a “sociedade dos meios” e a “a sociedade em vias de midiatização”, buscando-se a construção de um quadro conceitual do momento atual, no qual se manifestam processos crescentes de miditização e suas afetações sobre as práticas sociais diversas, como é o caso das práticas turísticas; c) o trabalho empírico-conceitualizante, que passa pela construção de um olhar metodológico, visando à eleição dos procedimentos e ao trabalho de análise das duas práticas escolhidas como casos. Dessa forma e com base, principalmente, nas ideias de Braga (2006, 2012), Fausto Neto (2008, 2010, 2012, 2015), Gomes (2012, 2014) e Verón (1997, 2004, 2014), concluímos que as práticas turísticas estão sendo afetadas pelo cenário da midiatização, em que nos encontramos atualmente.
In this study, we examine the tourist practices under the communicational approach, in the context of the mediatization, studying the Tripadivisor cases and also Trip Tips website, in order to observe how practices has been modified and permeated by mediatization operations and its logics. The problem of our research involves the following question: how to organize and operate tourist practices in the context of complexified mediatization? Then, the chapters that were developed consists in: a) study of the art, in which we observe stage, angles and questions about the research in tourism area; b) the construction of a theoretical point of view from the examination of elements that characterize the "media society" and the "developing society of mediatization", trying to find out the construction of a conceptual framework of the current moment, in which manifest the growing of mediatization processes and their several affectations involving the social practices several affectations, such as the case of tourist practices; c) the empirical work through the construction of a methodological, aim to look to the election procedures and the analysis of two practices chosen as cases. Based on this, primarily on the ideas of Braga (2006, 2012), Fausto Neto (2008, 2010, 2012, 2015), Gomes (2012, 2014) and Verón (1997, 2004, 2014) we conclude that tourist practices are being affected by the setting of the mediatization coverage that we are today.

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Kupečková, Vendula. "Postavení českých poutních míst v mezinárodním cestovním ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-7492.

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The theoretic part of the thesis is focused on definition of particular types of tourism, especially of the tourism with religious motives and pilgrimage trips. It also includes institutions that help to promote religious monuments in the Czech Republic. The practical part is engaged in the most important pilgrimage sites in Bohemia and Moravia, their promotion and the difference between the pilgrims and tourists.

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Girardi, Maria Junê. "Cultura e turismo: o roteiro turístico no centro histórico de Salvador: o Pelourinho." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cultura e Sociedade da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10838.

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Esta dissertação examina sob a ótica da sustentabilidade as relações entre a cultura e o turismo no Centro Histórico de Salvador- CHS. Foi realizada com o método qualitativo, usando instrumentos de observação participante no estudo de caso: roteiro turístico do CHS. Complementadas com entrevistas com os representantes de segmentos do CHS como agentes e guias de turismo e os fóruns oficiais e privados da cultura e do turismo. A pesquisa analisa os elementos dessa relação, as implicações e as demais interações com o cenário levando em conta as dimensões do ambiente ecológico, social e o econômico. As quais condicionam o turismo e são compreendidas como bases do cenário cultural. No resultado dessa investigação destacam-se: primeiro, que o discurso constante nas políticas públicas não inclui em seu bojo a percepção sistêmica da atividade de roteiro turístico, e nem como elemento estratégico. Para o governo do Estado o roteiro é uma construção com dimensão unicamente privada e, por isso, não tem escopo no planejamento. Essa ausência impede o estabelecimento de parâmetros de sustentabilidade para a relação sistêmica da cultura e turismo. Em segundo, o Pelourinho é consumido como espaço simbólico da cultura negra e indígena e, nisso está presente tanto a gloriosidade quanto a contradição. A imagem que o senso comum tem do CHS é de ser um lugar não periférico e, por isso guarda e valoriza a cultura afro-descendente e a indígenas miscigenadas como bens globalizados. Os quais são decorrentes da trajetória de exclusão do sofrimento e da luta desses povos e, hoje alcançaram vínculos em diversos horizontes. E essa marca foi reforçada recentemente, em nome do desenvolvimento advindo do turismo, que manteve essa população ausente dos benefícios da revitalização do CHS. Nessa relação, o roteiro do CHS passeia no Pelourinho como um lugar dinamizado pelo acaso social que lhe ressignificou e, se somaram as ordens e edificações religiosas já presentes. Terceiro, o turismo ainda não flui como sistema e, suas relações com o ambiente são fragmentadas, míopes e se conduzem sem gestão sistêmica necessárias para atingir os resultados no turismo. As ações nessa esfera são políticas públicas para produções culturais a serviço da imagem mercadológica da cidade, como destino ideal com vistas a ações de desenvolvimento estratégico para o Estado. Essa realidade tem sido incapaz de estabelecer bases de sustentabilidade para as ações individuais e coletivas na relação cultura e turismo. E por último, as imagens dessa relação estão servindo mais como barreira para a contemplação dos bens simbólicos do que para a sua valorização e desenvolvimento. O cenário mostra um ambiente social frágil que induz o turista a não voltar para dar continuidade ao consumo de contemplar o patrimônio turístico do CHS. Essa pesquisa dá alguns indícios do processo de redução cronico nas possibilidades de produzir recursos e meios para criar o desenvolvimento sustentável dos bens turísticos de CHS.
Salvador

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Farnell, Janine A. "Web site content review of eco-tourism and eco-information on state sponsored web sites." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002farnellj.pdf.

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Dondolo, Luvuyo. "The construction of public history and tourist destinations in Cape Town's townships: a study of routes, sites and heritage." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This paper seeks to explore a number of issues in relation to tourism, particularly cultural tours, in Cape Town from the apartheid era to the new political dispensation in South Africa. Cultural tourism is not merely about commerial activities. It is an ideological framing of history of people, nature, and culture, a framing that has power to reshape culture and nature for its own needs. In the South African context, this can be seen from the early decades of the twentieth century, but for the purposes of this study it will focus from the 1950s onwards to the present political period. The dominant ideology and political conditions at a given time shape cultural tourism.

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Huh, Jin. "Tourist Satisfaction with Cultural / Heritage Sites: The Virginia Historic Triangle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32742.

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Cultural/heritage tourism is the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry because there is a trend toward an increased specialization among tourists. This trend is evident in the rise in the volume of tourists who seek adventure, culture, history, archaeology and interaction with local people (Hollinshead, 1993). Especially, Americans' interest in traveling to cultural/ heritage destinations has increased recently and is expected to continue. For example, cultural/heritage sites are among the most preferred tourism experiences in America. (Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 1998) The recent studies about cultural/heritage tourism focused on the characteristics of tourists who visited cultural/heritage destinations. The study attempts to investigate the relationship between cultural/heritage destination attributes and tourist satisfaction, and to identify the relationship between cultural/heritage destination attributes and tourist satisfaction in terms of selected tourists' demographic characteristics and travel behavior characteristics. The expectancy-disconfirmation theory provided a conceptual framework for this study. The expectancy-disconfirmation theory holds that consumers first form expectations of products or service performance prior to purchasing or use. Subsequently, purchasing and use convey to the consumer beliefs about the actual or perceived performance of the product(s) or service(s). The consumer then compares the perceived performance to prior expectations. Consumer satisfaction is seen as the outcome of this comparison (Clemons & Woodruff, 1992). The study area for this study was Virginia Historic Triangle (Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown). Virginia Historic Triangle has been called the largest living museum in the world. Furthermore, it is one of America's popular vacation destinations, attracting more than 4 million tourists each year. The data of this study were collected from the on-site survey method. The sample population for this study was composed of tourists who visited Virginia Historic Triangle between June and August in 2001. The survey was conducted at five different sites in the Virginia Historic Triangle. Out of 300 questionnaires, 251 were usable. Therefore, the data from 251 respondents were analyzed in this study. Appropriate statistical analyses such as frequencies, descriptive, factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regressions, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used according to respective objectives and descriptors. The factor analysis was conducted to create correlated variable composites from the original 25 attributes. Using factor analysis, 25 destination attributes resulted to four dimensions: General Tour Attraction, Heritage Attraction, Maintenance Factors, and Culture Attraction. These four factors then were related with overall satisfaction. Correlation analysis revealed that four factors were correlated with tourists' overall satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis revealed that there was relationship between cultural/heritage destination attributes and tourists' overall satisfaction. MANOVA revealed that there was significant difference between derived factors in relation to only total household income and the length of stay among 10 demographic and travel behavior characteristics. ANOVA revealed that there is a significant difference in the overall satisfaction of tourists by gender, past experience, and decision time to travel. Finally, MANCOVA revealed that only one of the control variables (past experience) controlled the relationship between the overall satisfaction of tourists and derived factors. Based upon the results of this study, several recommendations can be made to increase tourists' satisfaction with the Virginia Historic Triangle. First, comprehending what tourists seek at cultural/heritage attractions will help tourism marketers better understand their customers. Second, identifying which attributes satisfy the tourist who visit cultural/heritage destinations will help tourism planners develop appropriate strategies to attract their customers and serve them effectively. Third, knowing who the satisfied tourists are may help reduce marketing costs and maintain cultural/heritage destinations' sustainability.
Master of Science

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Hathaway, Rosemary Virginia. "Reading tourist sites, citing touristic readings : Anglo constructions of Native American identity and the case of Tecumseh /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950153600858.

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AscencÌ§aÌƒo, MaÌrio J. Passos. "An analysis of tourism marketing contribution for sustainable tourism in a world heritage site." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442842.

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Gillett, Brandi Lyn. "Situating Aboriginal tourism as a site of negotiated representation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57988.pdf.

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Johnson, Kaci Lynn. "'They Ain't Afraid of no Ghosts': Dark Tourism at Historic Sites." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31796.

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Dark tourism, a subsection of heritage tourism, is growing in popularity and center around historic sites and museums. Those sites are put in the position to take advantage of the surging popularity of dark tourism by offering programming that complements it. Ghost tours, paranormal investigations, and haunted houses have all been utilized by museums and historic sites to boost revenue and attendance numbers. The implementation of dark programming raises difficult discussions on the role of museums in society and the ethics of profiting off of ghosts, spirits, and the paranormal. The decision to produce dark programming as a complement to dark tourism is best decided on a case to case basis, as no two museums or historic sites are the same. But every site that is considering dark programming needs to weigh their mission, ethics, their stakeholders, and the memory and space of their site before coming to a decision.

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Mayrhofer, Maria Mayrhofer Maria. "How "they" perceive "tourism" : another side of the touristic coin : an empirical case study in Goa, India /." Wien : Institut für Geographie der Universität, 1997. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00069356.pdf.

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Zugl.: Dipl.-Arbeit Universität Wien, 1992.
Wurde 1992 als Diplomarbeit u.d.T.: "Sozio-kulturelle Aspekte des Tourismus in der Dritten Welt : eine empirische Fallstudie in Goa, Indien" verfasst. Literaturverz.

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Cantillon, Zelmarie. "Resort Spatiality: Reimagining Sites of Mass Tourism." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367163.

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This dissertation theorises resorts – destinations famous for ‘sun, sand and sex’ mass tourism – as distinct kinds of urban milieux. Taking account of their similarities as well as their differences, I focus on six international destinations: the Gold Coast, Australia; Miami, United States of America; Cancún, Mexico; Ibiza, Spain; and Phuket and Koh Phangan, Thailand. Drawing on the work of Lefebvre, Soja, Massey, Highmore and Deleuze and Guattari, I attend to the material and symbolic production of lived spaces in these resorts. In particular, I consider the mutually constitutive, mutually transformative relations between their spatial formations, built environments, popular imaginaries, representations, narratives of identity, rhythms, and the experiences and practices of both tourists and locals. To investigate these dynamics, I conducted extensive literature research and undertook fieldwork in each of these resorts. My applied methods included a mixture of participant observation, photography, rhythmanalysis, and semistructured interviews with resort residents. Recognising the impossibility of ever comprehensively representing infinitely complex sites such as these, the methods were intended to be impressionistic, partial and to some degree autoethnographic. The places, phenomena, observations and findings I discuss are taken to be ‘examples’ in Agamben’s (1993) sense – singular instances which nonetheless provide insight into wider social and cultural processes.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
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Arantes, Pedro Fiori. "Arquitetura na era digital-financeira: desenho, canteiro e renda da forma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-01062010-095029/.

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A arquitetura contemporânea vive hoje uma arriscada fusão com a publicidade e a indústria do entretenimento. Tal convergência exige uma expansão da forma arquitetônica até o limite de sua materialidade. Em busca da renda informacional máxima, característica do universo das marcas mundiais, constatamos uma inversão de seus antigos fundamentos construtivos e produtivos, subvertidos por um jogo de volumes e efeitos para além de qualquer regra ou limitação. Aliado às técnicas digitais de projeto e à reorganização dos canteiros de obra, esse novo fetichismo da forma, análogo à autonomização do poder e da riqueza abstrata no capitalismo contemporâneo, define a nova condição da arquitetura. Estudaremos essa condição tomando como fio condutor projetos dos arquitetos mais consagrados pelo atual sistema de distinção e premiação. No propósito de melhor identificar esta arquitetura da exceção, investigamos nas obras emblemáticas dos últimos vinte anos um conjunto de particularidades e recorrências, que a nosso ver define a economia política da exceção e da regra no mundo atual. Principiamos pela análise do emaranhado de significados que sustentam hoje a forma construída, passando em seguida à esfera da produção das novas modalidades de projeto digital às transformações no canteiro de obras para, ao fim, examinar como ocorrem a circulação (com a proliferação de imagens midiáticas), o consumo (especialmente por meio da indústria do turismo) e a distribuição de riquezas que essa arquitetura favorece. O que se verifica é uma produção sobredeterminada pela busca da renda monopolista derivada das propriedades intrínsecas da forma, em seu novo estágio de concepção e realização. Esperamos, assim, mostrar como a arquitetura de ponta tornou-se uma das manifestações mais expressivas da acumulação flexível e da renda das marcas sob a dominância da lógica das finanças.
Contemporary architecture is dangerously enmeshed with the entertainment industry and the field of advertising. This meshing has pushed architectural form to the limits of materiality. Architecture today searches for maximum informational rent, a process typical of global product branding; through this process, established building and production principles are subverted by a play of volumes and effects beyond any rule or limitation. Relying on digital design technologies and the reorganization of the building site, this new fetishism of form, analogous to the autonomization of power and abstract wealth in contemporary capitalism, defines the new condition of architecture. We study this condition by focusing on the work of those architects who are most successful in the current system of professional recognition and rewards. So as to identify this architecture of exception more precisely, we analyze emblematic works from the last twenty years; in these works we identify a set of particularities and recurrent issues that define the political economy of exception and rule today. We begin by analyzing the tangle of meanings associated with contemporary built form. We then move on to the sphere of production from the new technologies of digital design to transformations in the building site. Finally, we examine three processes as they relate to contemporary architecture: circulation (through the proliferation of images in the media), consumption (in particular through the tourist industry), and distribution of wealth. Our investigation reveals that architectural production, in its new stage of conception and realization, is overdetermined by the search for monopoly rent through intrinsic properties of form. We argue that cutting-edge architecture has become one of the most expressive manifestations of flexible accumulation and brand revenue under the prevailing logic of financial capitalism.

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Henriksson, Amanda, and Lina Engström. "Social Network Sites and Tourism : A millennial perspective." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74206.

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Social Network Sites have rapidly become intertwined with people’s core habits of daily life, and are often subliminal inputs during decision making processes when it comes to the area of Tourism. With this rapid shift in consumer opportunities, both in availability and exposure to information, people are faced with the challenge of accurately assessing current trends in order to best predict future outcomes for businesses and consumers alike. Although there is existing literature examining current tendencies for Social Network Sites and Tourism, the extrapolation of this data in a feasible way for the emerging Millennial generation is lacking. This is integral to forming a proper understanding of the future trends of global tourist communication as dictated by the usage of Social Network Sites. Through the use of interview discussions centered on two focus groups of an all Millennial composition, the semi-structured interview approach was used. This to sought at a fundamental level to provide a better understanding of how Social Network Sites are used by tourists. Of particular focus within the research process was the specifics of tourist utilization of Social Network Sites. Further addressed, is the concept of the usage of electronic Word of Mouth and how this has allowed for a modification to the experience of tourism. The spoken word has been updated to an electronic Word of Mouth, and with it the Millennial generation has been raised into a world of information opportunity like none ever before. Understanding these trends allows for continued progression for both the consumer and business alike within the tourist business.

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Kaufman, Tammie J. "A Study of the Motivations Behind Heritage Site Selection in the United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27025.

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Motivations behind heritage site selection was researched to glean information regarding heritage site selection. The objectives of the study were to determine: (1) The type of experience someone with an environmental preservationist and historic preservationist attitude seeks at a heritage site and (2) If the type of experience sought at a heritage site is related to the type of services and benefits sought at a heritage. Data was collected by utilizing a mailed questionnaire. Correlation analysis was used to determine if there were any relationships between Environmental Preservationist Attitude, Historic Preservationist Attitude, Benefits Sought at a Heritage Site, and Service Sought at a Heritage Site and the type of Heritage Experience preferred. The sample size consisted of 197 respondents or 29% of the 679 surveys successfully mailed. Of these respondents 37% were male and 67% were female. Most of the respondents were married (74%) and travel with their family (83%). Although no statistically significant relationships were found concerning the research hypotheses some interesting relationships surfaced relating to the value society has placed on heritage site visitation. Mainly, the great interest in a more authentic and rugged experience at a heritage site was a pattern found in the responses. This study gave a basis in which to build future research efforts in the area of heritage tourism.
Ph. D.

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Erickson, Valerie A. "Heritage tourism a case study of the Laura Ingalls Wilder Heritage Site at Pepin, Wisconsin /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001ericksonv.pdf.

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Zhang, Junshu. "Why Consumers Disclose Their Tourism Experiences on Tourism Social Networking Sites: Multiple Theoretical Perspectives." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6607.

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Tourism social networking sites (SNSs) are websites that provide users with templates for describing their travel experiences and an infrastructure to share such travel posts with a network of like-minded individuals. Tourism SNSs represent an important advertising channel for the tourism industry, as they may assist travelers in selecting destinations and planning vacations on the basis of other travelers’ experiences, which may further stimulate travel and generate income for the tourism industry (Yazdanifard & Yee, 2014). User-generated content (UGC) in the form of travel posts is the core offering and key success factor of tourism SNSs. Travel posts constitute a valuable resource that attracts users to these websites, and they serve as a key data feed into the data mining process that is used to develop travel products on tourism SNSs. However, one problem with tourism SNSs is that their users, especially the new ones, do not publish their travel experiences on these SNSs as often as they do on traditional SNSs, such as Facebook. This may result in a lack of content and, therefore, a loss of potential consumers and, consequently, revenue. Therefore, a study on self-disclosure behavior in writing travel posts may contribute to understanding the reasons why this problem exists and help tourism SNSs improve their service accordingly. The author used multiple theoretical perspectives (social exchange theory and social cognition theory) to develop a comprehensive self-disclosure framework. The framework was tested by using a partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach with data from 443 participants recruited from the two most popular Chinese tourism SNSs: Qyer.com and mafengwo.cn. The findings show that self-disclosure behavior on tourism SNSs was significantly affected by self-benefit, positive feedback from other users, social benefits, rewards, tourism SNSs’ security mechanism, and ease of use. However, habit and motive did not have a statistically significant effect on self-disclosure behavior. Moreover, self-disclosure behavior positively affected electronic word of mouth (EWOM) relating to the tourism SNSs. Finally, the findings have theoretical and practical implications, and the thesis ends with a discussion of the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.

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Daubon, Mathieu. "Boutiques de site touristique : leviers de développement local : l'exemple des offices de tourisme /." Lempdes : Source, Centre national des ressources du tourisme et du patrimoine rural, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41127693c.

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Texte remanié de: Mémoire de fin d'études--Aménagement et gestion des stations touristiques--Bordeaux--Institut d'aménagement, de tourisme et d'urbanisme, 2006.
En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 82. Webliogr. p. 83.

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Crosbie, Kim. "Monitoring and management of tourist landing sites in the Maritime Antarctic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343224.

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Lee, Malcolm E. "Site and the Senses: A Geothermal Resort in Southwestern New Mexico." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243348448.

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Brigham, Ann Elizabeth. "Popular attractions: Tourism, heterosexuality, and sites of American culture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284560.

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"Popular Attractions: Tourism, Heterosexuality, and Sites of American Culture" investigates the serious business of pleasure, analyzing the circuits of desire that link stories of tourism and heterosexuality. I assert that the core impulses of tourism persistently shape American identity. Though the technology changes, the story perseveres: subjects leave the familiar behind in order to find themselves elsewhere. Quite simply, they ground themselves through movement. Tracing protagonists' upward and outward movements, I argue that the preservation of the American myth of mobility requires multiple conquests--geographical, cultural, sexual, ethno-racial, and economic. Examining literary narratives and tourist trends from the nineteenth- and twentieth-centuries, I suggest how a changing rhetoric of productivity anchors and threatens the parameters of pleasure. As the erotics of sightseeing dovetail with those of heterosexual romance, a twinned desire for defamiliarization and domestication emerges. The subject simultaneously yearns for mobility and placement. I conclude that the narrative patterns of fiction, film, and popular tourist sites generate and capitalize on the queasiness produced by this dual desire. As feminist geographer Doreen Massey has noted, social relations "necessarily have a spatial form" (120). The narratives of geographical movement I discuss romance the possibility of new social intimacies with ambivalent results, as indicated by the repeated erasure, revision, and defense of multiple boundaries. In the introduction I analyze Lynne Tillman's novel Motion Sickness to challenge the assumption that the objectives of tourism and heterosexuality are to produce and maintain a self different from an other. Indeed, while sightseeing and heterosexual seduction both promise the pleasures of inhabiting an other's locale, they also expose the impossibility of defining differences between familiar and foreign. Considering these issues in works by Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Spielberg, Jamaica Kincaid, Leslie Silko, and Lynne Tillman, and the tourist destinations represented in them, succeeding chapters analyze the reassuring and continuous constructions of binaries like home/away, distance/intimacy, and familiar/strange, illuminating their instability by revealing how they become blurred, contradictory, or representative of seemingly disparate concerns.

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Rebolledo, Lisa. "Le canal du Midi : un patrimoine paysager en évolution : une image, une stratégie de développement touristique, et un mode de gouvernance à repenser ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H093.

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Construit dans le but de relier la Garonne à la mer Méditerranée à partir de 1666, et inscrit sur la liste du Patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO en 1996, le canal du Midi connaît aujourd'hui une nouvelle étape dans l'histoire de son évolution paysagère. En 2006, le chancre coloré, maladie du platane connue pour être incurable, est découvert. À terme, les 42 000 arbres de cette espèce ombrageant le canal, de Toulouse à l'étang de Thau, seraient menacés de disparition, leur abattage constituant pour le moment l'unique solution pour tenter d'enrayer l'infection. Alors qu'il est utilisé aujourd'hui presque exclusivement par le tourisme, on peut se demander quelles seront les conséquences de la disparition de la voûte verte formée par les platanes, alors qu'elle constitue une caractéristique fortement appréciée pour des raisons esthétiques et de confort. La disparition des platanes bordant le canal du Midi a mis en exergue de multiples dysfonctionnements liés à l'implication d'une pluralité d'acteurs aux objectifs parfois divergents et n'ayant jamais véritablement réussi à se fédérer autour d'une gouvernance globale. Cette thèse propose donc de questionner les enjeux liés à ce bouleversement et son influence sur le positionnement des acteurs des territoires traversés par l'ouvrage. J'envisage le chancre coloré comme un élément perturbateur qui laisse à lire des réalités différentes en fonction des échelles du territoire concerné par l'avenir du site canal du Midi, certains territoires révélant leur vulnérabilité mais d'autres pouvant démontrer leur capacité de résilience. Il peut également être un révélateur d'autres dynamiques liées à l'évolution de la gestion des territoires
Engineered from 1966 onwards in order to connect Garonne River to Mediterranean Sea, registered on UNESCO'S World Heritage List since May 1996, the Canal du Midi is now facing a new step of his landscape's evolution. In 2006, canker disease, which affects plane trees with no hope of recovery, is discovered. Sooner or later, the 42,000 plane trees which shadow the waterway, from Toulouse to the Thau Lagoon, will disappear, their removal being at present the only option for containing the spread of the disease. Nowadays, the Canal du Midi is used mostly for tourism purposes, so we can wonder what will be the consequences of the green canopy's disappearance, this one being highly appreciated for aesthetic and convenience reasons. The destruction of the plane trees has highlighted various failures related to the implication of multiple actors whose objectives are sometimes diverging, and who have never succeeded to agree on a common and global governance. The aim of this thesis is therefore to review the issues related to this upheaval and its consequences on local stakeholders positioning. Canker disease is thus considered as a disruptive factor which point out different field realities according to the scale of the territory involved in the Canal du Midi's future. Some of these territories show their vulnerability, while others exhibit resilience and capacity to adapt to this new environmental reality. It may also reveal other dynamics linked with the evolution of territorial management

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Fields, Cynthia Fern. "Epideictic Space: Community, Memory, and Future Invention at Civil War Tourist Sites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82930.

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This dissertation examines American Civil War tourist spaces in order to describe how epideictic rhetoric has distinct spatial functions that affect the identity of tourists. Through an analysis of three Civil War spaces in Virginia--Lexington, Appomattox Court House, and the Museum of the Confederacy--I argue epideictic space is a locus of invention that has the performative power to create community, public memory, and a vision of the future through the movement of bodies in space. Through a consubstantial ethos established between space and audience, epideictic creates kairotic space and time by collapsing past, present, and future in order to create a narrative history with which the community can identify. This study traces rhetoric related to the Confederate flag, slavery, nationalism, and reconciliation through an analysis of the Civil War spaces in which these discourses are embodied. I suggest that creating a productive rhetoric of blame starts through connecting blame, such as remembering slavery, to the materiality of space and through creating narratives of responsibility that connect memory to a vision of the future.
Ph. D.

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Björk, Melanie, and Marsella Loukkareva. "The Good Tourist : En kvalitativ studie om svenska resenärers perspektiv på hållbar turism i sitt resande med all-inclusive konceptet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33635.

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The tourism sector is one of the world's most comprehensive sectors, and it’s developing rapidly, assuming that international travel will increase significantly in the future. The fact that the tourism sector is growing and developing at such a rapid pace also means that the effects both positive and negative increase and will continue to increase. For a continued increase in tourism, a long-term, sustainable plan and development is required. Today, the concept of sustainable tourism is a well-used concept that involves three dimensions, the environmental dimension that protects and preserves the environment. The economic, to maintain a long time economic vitality and the social dimension that adress social justice. The term sustainable tourism is in line with the concept of sustainability that implies development for the future. Today there is many types of travel concept, one of them is all-inclusive which is a popular concept that is growing. The concept it is also criticized for that it does not promote sustainable tourism and development. This study examines Swedish travelers' views on sustainability on the all-inclusive concept. Based on a theoretical framework on the importance of sustainable tourism as well as research on the behavior of the tourist and by means of an empirical survey, the study can demonstrate whether there is awareness of the travelers about sustainability. The study shows empirical evidence that Swedish travelers are aware of sustainability and sustainable tourism, but they do not always act consciousness.
Turismsektorn växer och utvecklas i en snabb takt vilket leder till att även dess effekter, både positiva och negativa ökar. För en fortsatt ökad turism krävs en långsiktig, hållbar plan och utveckling. Ordet hållbar turism hänger ihop med begreppet hållbarhet som innebär utveckling för framtiden utan ett för stort avtryck på samhälle och miljö och att framtiden ska kunna emotse de behov som människor och naturen önskar, behöver samt kunna fortsätta göra det över tid. Idag är begreppet hållbar turism ett väl använt begrepp som innebär främst tre dimensioner, det miljömässiga som innebär att skydda och bevara miljön. Det ekonomiska, att bibehålla en lång tid ekonomisk livskraft och den sociala dimensionen som innebär att uppvisa en social rättvisa. Idag finns det många restyper där bland annat all-inclusive är ett populärt resekoncept som fått mycket kritik för att den inte främjar hållbar turism och utveckling. Den här studien undersöker svenska resenärers perspektiv kring hållbar turism med all-inclusive konceptet. Utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk om betydelsen av hållbar turism, tidigare forskning om turistens agerande, ansvar och skyldigheter samt med hjälp av en empirisk undersökning kan studien påvisa om det finns en medvetenhet hos resenärerna om hållbar turism. Studien visar empiriska bevis på att svenska resenärer har grundläggande kunskap om hållbar turism men att de inte alltid agerar efter sin medvetenhet.

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Maharjan, Sacheen. "Impacts of tourism in world heritage site: a case of Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Nepal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885558.

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This study focuses on Bhaktapur Durbar Square, one of the monument zone of Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site which lies within a Bhaktapur city, an ancient historic town. Through survey research targeting local people and key informants interviews, this study tried to investigate on the domains of major impacts from the cultural tourism in Bhaktapur Durbar Square from the perspective of local community. The study then explores the different factors serving to generate the impacts from macro and micro level of context. Macro level deals with the international and national context whereas micro level deals with local context. Using data collection methods such as interviews with organizations involved in the management of WHS, tourism, expert interviews, primary and secondary data analysis, which is to explore factors affecting the generation of tourism impacts for the community, is carried out. By combining the research conducted at the community level and the many influencing factors, the study intends to explain the socio-economic-cultural heritage impacts at the community level in light of the management or governing process of the WHS, the institutional arrangement as well as the interactions between organizations, and in the context of policy – which is reflected in the current legal framework influencing the site. This study finds that cultural tourism in Bhaktapur has contributed significantly to local government’s tax revenue particularly through tourist entry fee which in turn contributed in the conservation of the world heritage properties. However, the study also found that there have been limited positive impacts of cultural tourism for the majority of local people i.e. farmers group. Tourism has not encouraged the growth in the agriculture sector – a sector in which more than 60% of the farmers are involved. The concentrated tourism development at the core area of the city imparts the economic disparity among the people one who live in the core area and one beyond it. This study also found that tourism in Bhaktapur has limited impacts in raising the standard of living, household income, skills and training, infrastructure and public facilities. In the analysis of factors in the international context, this study argues that the nomination process, guidance from relevant international organizations and development in WHS discourse have influenced the cultural tourism development – although not directly. In terms of the national context, it finds that there is a lack of comprehensive policies and planning for conservation and tourism development which works in separate institutional framework. Analysis of factors in the local context, problems at the local area, such as decreasing agriculture land, inefficient management plan, lack of political commitment, lack of awareness and education, limited scope of work, lack of community organization, etc contribute to the perceived tourism impacts. This study finds institutional problems such as lack of planning mechanism, difficulties in coordination as well as legal framework that prevent the management system from working together to address local issues. This study recommends that a strong cooperation and coordination mechanism should be established under the framework of comprehensive community development and management plan in order to develop local economy alongside with tourism and contributing to wider benefits to the local community. A community based tourism strategy is recommended in order to reduce the disparity, directly benefiting the community and encouraging the local community to involve in decision making process. All of these efforts may help to realize at the micro level, the ideal of WHS for development that has been stated by organizations such as UNESCO in the macro level.
published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning

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Robinson, N. "Dark tourism motivations : an investigation into the motivations of visitors to sites associated with dark tourism." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36776/.

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In recent years the notion of tourists visiting sites associated with death and destruction has started to receive much attention within the associated literature, with issues coupled with visitor motivations being key to this research. The genre that probably best describes the study of this subject matter (death and destruction) is ‘dark tourism’. Lennon & Foley (1996, p200) describe this as “the phenomenon which encompasses the presentation and consumption (by visitors) of real and commodified death and disaster sites”. The identification of those factors that guide the selection of such dark sites and a review of visitor’s on-site experiences and subsequent post visit behaviour is important and requires further attention. The main aim of this study is to better understand the motivations and on-site activities of visitors to contemporary dark tourism sites. In addition the methods associated with archiving the visit in terms of souvenir hunting, photography and other related actions will be investigated. From what is evidenced in the literature, it is clear to see that many of these dark locations can be broadly classified as ‘dark shrines’ (Stone, 2006); but there has been little empirical investigation relating to visitor motivations and behaviour of visitors whilst at these sites. The empirical data was collected using qualitative methods, primarily Means-End Chain (MEC) analysis was employed. This is a qualitative methodological tool, employing a semi-structured one on one interview style. Fourteen interviews in total were used from individuals who had visited dark sites and the data was analysed using the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The results suggest that the main motivations for visiting those sites that are deemed lighter on the dark spectrum were associated with entertainment, family fun and some learning, with much emphasis upon showcasing the experience to peers upon their return home. In contrast the motivations for visiting dark sites such as concentration camps and camps of mass genocide tended to be more empathetic with the victims, with issues associated with education and intellectual enquiry being fundamental to the visit. Issues associated with peer recognition as a result of the visit were not deemed as important for those visiting darker sites. In conclusion the research shows that visitors to the lighter sites tend to be informed by family and loved ones with emphasis upon enjoyment and family kinship. In contract those who visit the darker sites tended to be more interested in the educational and academic overtones associated with the site, with a keen interest in history further facilitating this need. The main contribution of this research relates to the differing needs as identified by light and dark visitors whist at site. Visitors at lighter sites tend to require more operational based information associated with facilities and merchandising provision, whereas visitors to darker sites require information that is geo-political and quasi academic in nature, so as to better understand the magnitude of the atrocities. In terms of the manner by which light and dark visitors go about collecting artefacts / souvenirs this also differs greatly with lighter visitors looking for commercially produced items to take home and take picture of family members in situ. In contrast visitors to darker sites choose to collect souvenirs at site which are often items of nature associated specifically with the sight. Picture taking is limited, but when used is associated with the site and the surroundings.

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Semler, Keith R. "Development of a Karst Tourism Management Index to Assess Tourism-Driven Degradation of Protected Karst Sites." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3143.

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The intent of this research was to create and evaluate a karst tourism management index (KTMI). This index is intended to be a new management tool designed to quantify environmental disturbances caused specifically by tourism activities in karst regions, particularly show caves and springs. In an effort to assess the effectiveness of the index as a management tool in karst terrains, after development, the index was applied to six case study sites. A review of the management policies at each study site was conducted with the use of standard policy critique methods and semistructured interviews with managers at the study sites. After interviews were completed, the newly created index was applied to the study areas with the aid of park land managers. Including land managers in the application process allowed for active land managers to provide more meaningful feedback on potential improvements to the KTMI to ensure the most universally applicable and thoroughly field-tested index tool was created. Upon application and continual refinement of the index to the six study sites, a new data-driven management tool to measure disturbances to karst terrains by tourism was developed. The KTMI consist of an Overall Score category that is broken down into the two main categories of Management and Tourism. The KTMI contains 168 indicators that all need to be scored individually to obtain results, with Management containing 100 of the indicators and Tourism containing the other 68 indicators.

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Savery, Heidi. "The management and marketing of Jamaica's past archaeology and heritage tourism /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Pandurangadu, Geddam A. "Muncie downtown revitalization through cultural tourism." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014789.

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The objective of the study is to propose a strategy to revitalize Muncie's downtown through cultural tourism. This is seen as a critical catalyst to help preserve the historical fabric of the downtown.Muncie's downtown, with its historical and cultural assets, has an opportunity to attract the tourism, convention, and conference business which in turn can support hotels, restaurants, specialty shops, and entertainment establishments.In view of above, this creative project attempts to revitalize downtown through linking and promoting cultural tourism facilities like museums, theaters and festivals, convention and conference centers, and specialty shops.A transport loop connecting the tourist anchors like Ball State University, Minnitrista Cultural Center, and downtown of has been proposed. The tourist routes in Muncie and to East Central Indiana have been identified to enable the visitors to visit tourist destinations easily. Signage, and banners have been proposed along major routes to give proper orientation to visitors and also to enhance the image of Muncie.A strategy has been outlined for the preservation historical buildings through adaptive reuse. All these proposals have been incorporated as an urban design strategy.
Department of Architecture

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Daengbuppha, Jaruwan. "Modelling visitor experience : a case study from World Heritage Sites, Thailand." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2009. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/13017/.

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The subject of this Ph.D. Thesis is Modelling Visitor Experience: A Case Study from World Heritage Sites, Thailand. The research is conducted in three historical parks in Thailand by using an inductive approach of Grounded Theory. This aims to propose a model of visitor experience of heritage. It focuses on experience consumption related to what, why and how visitors consume the heritage experience when they interact with the cultural heritage. The construction of experience, factors affecting experience consumption and patterns of experience consumption are explored in this thesis. It provides theoretical and methodological contribution to the knowledge in both tourism and management fields. The opportunity to collect data for this study stems from the three historical sites in Thailand by which grounded theory approach allows for a wider variety of data collection methods. The research had been conducted in the historical sites for over six months during October 2003 March 2004. The results presented in this thesis are based on a survey of 60 cases of participant observations with ethnographic interview and 180 cases of observation with visitors visiting the historical sites, and 48 unstructured and semi-structured interviews with visitors who visited those sites. The results are also based on a number of supplementary data such as travel journals, visitor books, and interpreted photographs written and taken by visitors who visited to the sites. Survey instruments for this study consist of interview and observation guides that were developed accordingly to emergent concepts during the field survey. The contributions comprise four major themes. Firstly, the development of the 'Visitor Heritage Experience Model' based on multiple sources of data conceptualised by a systematic analysis process. The model provides the insight of visitors' subjective interactions with the heritage when they were engaged in a consumption of experience. This study reveals the multi-dimensional nature of visitor experience which expands what has been reported in the literatures. It also explains the complex attributes of visitors' on-site experience in terms of process and components of experience construction. Secondly, the emergent of 'Interactive Experience Process' as a core of the proposed model, acknowledges the dynamic nature of on-site experience through a multi-phase experience process and multiplicity of visitors' experience consumption practices. Rather than acknowledging the tourist typology, this study explores the extent to which the elements of experience hold in different contexts and types of consumption experiences. The emergent theory can be used as a substantive theory to apply for other case studies involving visitors' experience of place. Thirdly, the findings of this study have significant implications for designing principles and practices of an effective and sustainable visitor management in cultural heritage sites. The development of the, Visitor Experience Management Framework' discusses the creative use of the heritage and visitor empowerment to provide interactive experience of heritage to visitors. It suggests the consideration of a paradigm shift and crucial elements of visitor experience management especially in sensitive cultural heritage sites. Finally, this study provides several conceptual and methodological research perspectives through the use of 'Grounded Theory Approach'. The applications of the grounded theory's systematic analysis process can be adopted by future consumer and management research.

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Francois, Bertrand. "Repositioning ethnicity : the transformation of Vancouver's Chinatown into a site for tourism, leisure and consumption." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5154.

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This thesis examines the repositioning of Chinatown into a site for tourism, leisure and consumption. It seeks to identify the actors and processes driving the transformation with the ultimate goal to determine the optimal conditions under which expressions of culture can be transformed into a vehicle for socio-economic development to the advantage of both immigrants and the city at large. I argue that the district’s current shape and form can be attributed to a changing configuration of actors and processes. At the centre of it all are Chinatown merchants, who took the first steps towards retrofitting Chinatown for popular consumption over seven decades ago. Seven decades later, the latter still actively shape the district. Also included are City of Vancouver planners, who have drastically altered their stance towards regulating Chinatown during the last four decades or so. Whereas the latter initially focused on preserving and enhancing the district’s landscape, more recent interventions have involved local stakeholders and have had the goal to build a complete community. I conclude that such a holistic approach is more likely to result in development to the benefit of all actors involved.

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Van, der Meer Jannie Shepherd Jannie. "Boutique hotels in New Zealand an analysis of web site features and content : this dissertation [thesis] is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Business, Semester two, 19 November 2002 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2002.

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Mattson, Melissa. "A case study of Mickey's Dining Car an examination of a restaurant as a heritage site /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001mattsonm.pdf.

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Yuill, Stephanie Marie. "Dark tourism: understanding visitor motivation at sites of death and disaster." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/89.

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People are fascinated with death and disaster. One simply has to watch traffic slow to a crawl when passing a car accident to understand this. However, this fascination goes beyond the side of a highway and enters the realm of tourism. Today, numerous sites of death and disaster attract millions of visitors from all around the world: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Anne Frank's House, Graceland, Oklahoma City, Gettysburg, Vimy Ridge, the Somme, Arlington National Cemetery. The list grows each year as exhibited by the recent creation of an apartheid museum in Johannesburg, South Africa. Due to the increasing popularity of this tourism product, a small number of academics have begun studying the phenomenon. Leading the field are Lennon and Foley who labeled it Dark Tourism, Seaton who coined the term Thanatourism, and Rojek who developed the concept of Black Spots. However, despite ongoing study, there has been a paucity in understanding what actually motivates individuals to sites of dark tourism. Yet understanding motivation is imperative, particularly given the subject and sensitivity of these sites. Some are slowly decaying, and visitors play a large role in their preservation. Subsequently, without proper management, visitor influxes can further deteriorate sites or induce friction with the locals. Knowledge then, also provides administrators the necessary tools to properly manage the varying stakeholders. Although many feel an interest in death and disaster simply stems from morbidity, the range of factors involved extend from an interest in history and heritage to education to remembrance. To begin this study, a list of possible motivations was compiled. Then, to get a better comprehension of these motivations, visitors to the Holocaust Museum Houston were surveyed as a case study. As a commodified, synthetic site of death and atrocity, the museum fits the definitions of a dark tourism site as established by lead academics. Therefore, by asking visitors to the museum what motivated them to the site, the results will hopefully give some acumen into the wants and needs of certain stakeholders. Finally, this research sought to discover if motivation at the museum could shed light on motivation to other sites of dark tourism.

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Chung, yan-yi Eddy. "A review of cultural heritage tourism in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4389513X.

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Sabine, Choshen. "Heritage Preservation and Tourism Development in Two ‘Ancient Villages’ of Vietnam." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244573.

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NISHIMURA, Yoshihiko, Yoshiaki NISHIKAWA, and Devi Roza KAUSAR. "How could Management of Borobudur World Heritage Site be Enhanced for Improving Tourism Impact for the Community ? : A Preliminary Comparison with Angkor World Heritage Site." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14541.

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Roesch, Stefan, and n/a. "There and back again - comparative case studies of film location tourists� on-site behaviour and experiences." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080211.090920.

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Over the last decade, film location tourism has been established as a niche segment in the tourism industry. While this niche has attracted attention from both researchers and marketers alike, not much knowledge has been accumulated about the tourist encounter itself. It is the main purpose of this thesis to research on-site behavioural and experiential aspects of the film location encounter. For the overall research design, an inductive, comparative case-study approach was implemented. Three cases were selected for this research: The Lord of the Rings locations in New Zealand, The Sound of Music locations in Austria and Star Wars locations in Tunisia. The applied methods are participant observation, image-based data and semi-structured interviews. The data collection was conducted while participating in organised film location tows in order to secure access to the informants. The first fundamental outcome of this research is that there is no 'film location tourist' as such. People who travel to film locations come from different socio-economic backgrounds, comprise all age groups and possess varying degrees of fandom. The majority of film location tourists, however, have one thing in common, regardless of the underlying movie genre: the longing to connect with the imaginary world of the film by visiting the physical and thus 'real' location places. These places are consumed in two ways: as places of spectacle and as sacred places. The nature of the location consumption is dependent on a number of factors, including the degree of fandom of the consumers, the attractiveness of the encountered locations, the consistency of the interpretive community, the amount and nature of external distortions and, if applicable, the structure of the location tour. Means of consumption of film locations as spectacle are formal posing, sight recordings and shot re-creations. When experiencing film locations as sacred places, shot re-creations, mental simulations and filmic re-enactments occur. The latter form of consumption can result in a symbiosis between the imaginary and the real place component: the gazing subject becomes the previously (photographed) object. Regardless of the degree of experiential satisfaction, film location tourists want to bring some of the magic back home. This is achieved not only via mental pictures and physical photographs, but also through souvenirs. These can be off- or on-site. Regarding the latter, these souvenirs are almost holy relics, brought home from a successful pilgrimage and subsequently framed and displayed in an altar-like fashion. The benefits from this are not only self-pride and satisfaction, but also the distinction to other movie fans who have not been able to do the journey themselves. Thus, the person in possession of such a relic gains privileged status amongst peers which in turn raises the satisfaction with the location encounter. The film location experience cycle comes to a full closure by re-watching the movie. This procedure involves a renewed connection to both the imaginary filmic places as well as the real locations visited. The filmic gaze is extended, as the movie scenes are now seen as part of a real place which extends beyond the filmic sight. Keywords: Film location tourism - multiple, comparative on-site case study inquiry - film locations as spatial and temporal constructs - the film location tourist encounter - behavioural and experiential interactions with place.

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Olson, Kerran. "Stakeholder perceptions of geopark establishment: An exploratory study of Rottnest Island, Western Australia as a potential geopark site." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2442.

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Geotourism is a growing form of tourism popular amongst tourists for its holistic and sustainable nature. Geotourism supports a focus on an area’s geological features with environmental protection and educational aspects, whilst generating community benefits and economic return. Geoparks are considered a major vehicle for geotourism, with the UNESCO Global Geoparks (2019) program recognising sites of international value, and allowing for the conservation, education, and appreciation of these sites appreciated for their historic, cultural and natural heritage. With no current UNESCO recognised geoparks in Australia, Western Australia’s State Government has acknowledged the potential for geotourism to be developed as a valuable tourism opportunity, with Rottnest Island the only site named as a potential geopark location in WA’s State Planning Strategy 2050. A destination of significant local value and international interest, Rottnest Island boasts unique natural features including geological formations, flora, and fauna, as well as a history of Indigenous significance. This research explores stakeholder perceptions of geotourism through geopark development at the Western Australia site of Rottnest Island. Using a qualitative approach, it investigates the concept of geotourism and the perceived barriers and challenges associated with its major development vehicle of UNESCO Geoparks, through consideration of the views of a variety of opinion leaders representative of key stakeholder groups including tourism industry representatives, governing bodies, and community groups. This study contributes to the growing body of literature relating to geotourism research and geopark development and considers the potential for geotourism development within Western Australia through the establishment of Rottnest Island as an Aspiring Geopark. Studies emphasise the importance of considering stakeholder values and expectations in tourism planning and development, a concept particularly important when tourism aims to be sustainable (Byrd, 2007). Motivational theory within tourism—specifically the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)—is used as a lens through which motivational factors and behavioural intent of stakeholders are considered in relation to geotourism. Analysis of interview data from twenty-one participants found that most Rottnest Island stakeholders are supportive of geopark development at the site and consider geotourism to be well suited to the island. The major perceived benefits identified by stakeholders include geotourism’s educative nature, environmental focus, and the recognition associated with UNESCO branding, as well as the potential ease of integration of geotourism products into existing tourism at the site. Although geotourism as a concept was generally perceived as well-suited to the site, there was concern amongst stakeholders regarding site capacity which must be addressed prior to any further tourism development occurring. Concerns relating to infrastructure and high visitor numbers were key perceived challenges. In addition, several stakeholders questioned the necessity of establishing a geopark at a site already recognised as an established tourism destination. Overall, the intention amongst stakeholders was to support geopark establishment on Rottnest Island.

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Hermann, Inge. "Cold War heritage (and) tourism : exploring heritage processes within Cold War sites in Britain." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/326057.

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For most of the second half of the 20th century the world's political map was divided by the Cold War, a name given to the 40-year long standoff between the superpowers - the Unites States and the USSR - and their allies. Due to its geographical location and alliance with the United States, Britain was at the 'frontline' of the Cold War. As a response to increasing tensions, the British Government made arrangements by building hundreds of military sites and structures, which were often dismantled or abandoned as the technology on which they relied became rapidly ineffective. Nowadays, there is a growing (academic) recognition of Cold War sites and their new or contemporary uses, including as heritage attractions within a tourism context. This study has brought forward a constructionist approach as to investigate how heritage works as a cultural and social practice that constructs and regulates a range of values and ideologies about what constitutes Cold War heritage (and) tourism in Britain. It has done this by, firstly, exploring the dominant and professional 'authorised heritage discourse', which aims to construct mutually, agreed and shared concepts about the phenomenon of 'Cold War heritage' within a tourism context. The study identified a network of actors, values, policies and discourses that centred on the concept of 'Cold War heritage' at selected sites through which a 'material reality' of the past is constructed. Although various opposing viewpoints were identified, the actors effectively seem to privilege and naturalise certain narratives of cultural and social meanings and values through tourism of what constitutes Cold War heritage and the ways it should be manifested through material and natural places, sites and objects within society. Differences were particularly noticeable in the values, uses and meanings of Cold iii Cold War heritage (and) tourism War heritage within the contemporary context of heritage management in Britain. For some, the sites were connected with a personal 'past', a place to commemorate, celebrate or learn from the past. For others, the sites were a source of income, a tourism asset, or contrary, a financial burden as the sites were not 'old enough' or 'aesthetically pleasing' to be regarded as a monument to be preserved as heritage. Subsequently, the study also explored the (disempowered) role of visitors to the sites as passive receivers, leaving little room for individual reflections on the wider social and cultural processes of Cold War heritage. Although, most visitors believed that the stewardship and professional view of the Cold War representations at the sites should not directly be contested, this study has illustrated the idea that what makes places valuable and gives them meaning as heritage sites is not solely based on contemporary practices by a dominant heritage discourse. Despite the visitors' support for the sole ownership by site managers, and the selective representations of the Cold War and events, they did question or negotiate the idea of 'heritage' as a physical and sole subject of management practices. Despite having little prior knowledge about the Cold War era or events, by pressing the borders of the authorised parameters of 'Cold War heritage', visitors actively constructed their experiences as being, or becoming, part of their personal and collective moments of 'heritage'. By inscribing (new) memories and meaning into their identity, and therefore also changing the nature of that identity, they reflected upon the past, present and future, (some more critically than others). To conclude, understanding these discursive meanings of Cold War heritage (and) tourism, and the ways in which ideas about Cold War heritage are constructed, negotiated and contested within and between discourses also contributes to understandings about the philosophical, historical, conceptual and political barriers that exist in identifying and engaging with different forms of heritage.

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Goulding, Philip John. "Conceptualising supply-side seasonality in tourism : a study of the temporal trading behaviours for small tourism businesses in Scotland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23945.

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Seasonality in tourism is one of its most enduring features. During the past half century, the phenomenon has been studied extensively in order to gain insight into its dynamics. However, much of the empirical evidence has been developed from a demand-side perspective, focusing on the temporal travel behaviours and motivations of consumers. Conversely, relatively little attention has been paid to tourism's diverse supply-side elements, especially those at the destination. This study aims to redress that imbalance. It considers a key element of the destination mix in Scotland, the privately operated small tourism related business, specifically those who operate their business on a seasonal basis. Such businesses epitomise supply-side seasonality, yet their temporal operating behaviours and the underlying motivations and influences of these have evaded systematic examination. The thesis is therefore an attempt to aid understanding of the relationships between tourism seasonality and small business service provision. It represents an inductive, interpretivistic approach to the subject. In reviewing the tourism seasonality and small business literatures, it is argued that existing constructs of seasonality, entrepreneurialism and growth orientation, family business and 'lifestyle' business fail to shed light on the complexities of temporal trading among small businesses and indeed on the meanings of 'seasonality' from a supply-side perspective. Moreover, findings from an exploratory study and contextual literature reveal a variety of contextual factors that impinge on temporal trading behaviours. A nationwide survey of seasonally trading Scottish small businesses identifies distinct patterns of behaviour, influences and motivations according to type of business, demographic and contextual variables. Disposition and circumstance are identified as key formative elements in conceptualising supply-side temporal behaviours.

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Poade, Donna Maria. "The business of 'dark tourism' : the management of 'dark tourism' visitor sites and attractions, with special reference to innovation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28820.

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This study explores the management of visitor sites and attractions associated with death, disaster and suffering, commonly referred to in the literature as ‘dark tourism’. Although gaining increasing academic attention, the supply-side perspective of dark tourism is poorly understood with scarce empirical evidence relating to management operations and practices. This may be due to management operations and practices that are perceived to conflict with the sensitive themes of visitor sites associated with dark tourism. Particular consideration is given to the management concept of innovation identified as a significant gap for scholarly exploration. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with senior management at 23 sites and attractions across the United Kingdom associated with dark tourism. The findings reveal that, contrary to suggestions that dark tourism sites may be restrictive in management practices, a wide array of innovative activities and marketing practices are widely conducted and innovation was viewed as a stimuli for repeat visitation. Furthermore, management operations are viewed as facilitating important stories of trauma for present and future generations. Omission of these stories would belittle the tragic circumstances in which people associated with the sites had died or suffered. Moreover, managers at dark tourism sites acknowledged the ethical and moral tensions surrounding management practices at dark tourism sites. Indeed, the majority of managers adopted both highly ethical processes resulting in ethical innovations and complex consultation processes in order to mitigate any potential concerns from stakeholders. The ethical stance underpinning operations positions the phenomenon of dark tourism as a subset within the tourism sector, distinct from its counterparts. Recommendations include calls to widen the study to explore visitor perceptions of innovative measures undertaken by managers, and to focus on specific commercial aspects, such as retailing, within the business of dark tourism.

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Thomas, L. "The killing fields of Cambodia : an investigation into motivations of visitors to dark sites." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17723/.

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A central aim of this study is to establish tourist motivations to visit dark sites such as Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The body of literature that exists around dark tourism published so far agrees there is a general lack of understanding around dark tourism motivations. The research questions set out in this study ask if tourists who visit such sites view themselves as dark tourists, whether time plays a role in their motivations to visit and what factors inspire them to visit such sites. The study also considers sub-conscious, psychological and instinctive drivers that exist which may compel tourists to visit and experience dark sites. The study revealed that tourists who visited Tuol Sleng and/or Choeung Ek did not consider themselves dark tourists, and moreover, did not like to be associated with the terminology. They assumed that to be labelled a dark tourist, their motivations would be inspired by the dark and macabre nature of the sites, or that they would seek enjoyment from their visit. They were keen to stress that this was not the case. They were there to learn and understand what happened and to experience Cambodia properly. Moreover, tourist guidebooks, such as The Lonely Planet heavily advise a visit and act as a powerful driver, as well as trusted word-of-mouth sources. The study also revealed that chronology heightens curiosity and motivation to visit, but does not act as a motivator in its own right - tourists would have visited anyway. A significant finding of this study reveals that human instinct and psychology plays an important role in human fascination with violent death and, therefore, visits to dark sites. We need to learn and understand what happens to either avoid it happening to us, or to learn how to survive should we find ourselves in the same situation. Visiting such sites is part of our psychological make-up and that these drivers exits in all of us to a greater or lesser degree.

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Coetzee, Willem Johannes Lourens. "An integrated sustainable tourism development strategy for the Vredefort Dome as a world heritage site / by Willem J.L. Coetzee." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/458.

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In order for the Vredefort Dome to be declared, and to exist as a World Heritage site, it is imperative that the tourism product owners in the area realise their roles as custodians of this precious site. This proposition leads to the main aim of this study, namely to develop an integrated tourism development strategy for the Vredefort Dome as a proposed World Heritage site. In order to achieve the above-mentioned aim, a thorough literature review was conducted. The goal of the literature study was to investigate the birth and growth of sustainable development based on Agenda 21. This literature review revealed that the three-legged chair of sustainable development has more profound foundations than the obvious economical, social and environmental aspects. Each one of these aspects consists of various elements that are interrelated. In order to formulate a strategy for sustainable tourism development, this interrelation between aspects was analysed and the following conclusions were drawn: Sustainable tourism development is an integrated system Education, poverty alleviation, health and insight into human settlements and demographics are the cornerstones of social well-being Climate change, land resources, deforestation, drought, mountain development, agriculture, biodiversity, freshwater resources, toxic chemicals and waste are central concerns in environmentally sensitive development 0 Institutions involved such as the different levels of Government, as well as aspects such as fair trade, economic enhancement programmes and economic measuring are essential elements of economic sustainability. The custodians of the present generation in the Vredefort Dome should realise their role in this complicated and integrated system and therefore the practices at present were evaluated as well as the future view regarding sustainable practices. In order, then, for sustainable tourism development to realise in the Vredefort Dome, the following strategies were formulated to assist product owners to achieve sustainability: Assisting to alleviate poverty in the VFD with a view to a sustainable future and supporting sustainable livelihoods Improving participation that would be true to the demographic composition in the VFD Protecting and promoting human health in the VFD Promoting education and training in the VFD Promoting sustainable human settlement development in the VFD-area Following an integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources Promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development Conserving the biological diversity in the VFD Acquiring support from national, provincial and local levels of government Establishing a system that guarantees supply that is coherent with fair trade in tourism Establishing an economic enhancement system that will contribute to the well-being of the VFD community Reducing leakage and other purchasing practices. The results of the empirical study indicated that tourism stakeholders are prepared to improve the present situation in the Vredefort Dome and are willing to adjust their businesses practices in the future. These changed practices addressed some strategic issues and the strategies above would give direction to this proposed World Heritage site to become more sustainable.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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McGrath, Gemma M. "Tour guides as interpreters of archaeological sites : heritage tourism in Cusco, Peru." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419982.

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Karpinski, Sara. "Contested Spaces: Imagining Berlin's Divided Past Through Debated Sites of Heritage Tourism." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/288011.

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History
M.A.
With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the opening of the borders in November 1989 and eventual unification in October 1990, Berlin faced the distinct challenge of how to create a modern, unified capital city in the center of Europe while the physical landscape continued to reinforce mental divisions. Changing the physical face of Berlin to capitalize on the city's less-traumatic history while promoting an active tourist economy proved the most visually appealing and marketable approach to meet this goal. This study focuses on the impacts of these efforts two heavily debated sites of heritage tourism in Berlin: The Schloßplatz and the Berlin Wall. By applying methods of American Public History and History of Tourism, this paper answers the following question: How can Berlin sites of heritage tourism support the city's tourist economy, properly interpret the history of division and engage a population that carries its own narratives, experiences, and continued consequences of the Cold War? Examination of these sites demonstrates that the histories produced through sites of Cold War heritage tourism continue to propagate the popular narratives of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), but in recent years also demonstrate a notable shift towards engaging a more nuanced understanding of Cold War experience in divided Berlin. In a city only twenty years separated from reunification, Berlin's sites of heritage tourism are increasingly successfully providing their visitors, both supremely local and broadly foreign, with nuanced and critical narratives of Berlins Cold War history.
Temple University--Theses

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