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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourist behaviour'
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Tam, Pit-shing, and 譚必成. "Tourist buying behaviour in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263628.
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Tam, Pit-shing. "Tourist buying behaviour in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12325910.
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Zillinger, Malin. "Guided tourism : the role of guidebooks in German tourist behaviour in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Östersund : Umeå : European Tourism Research Institute (ETOUR) ; Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1436.
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Ghatnekar, Payal. "Persuasive technology in tourism online experiences and implications on tourist buying behaviour." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9648.
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Online User Experiences (UXs) act as persuasive technology that can nudge users toward making behaviour change. This makes online UX integral to marketing. The tourism industry relies on UX to attract potential customers. Made up of 80% SMEs, the competition is high, hence the SMEs must deliver robust UXs that capture, persuade and convert users into customers. Tourism, despite being an early adopter of technology lags behind in terms of delivering UXs that meet users’ expectations. Furthermore, scholarly works exploring online UX as a persuasive technology within the tourism SMEs, specifically the day-attraction SMEs segment, are lacking. Using the theoretical framework of the Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model, this research evaluates day attraction SMEs’ online UXs as persuasive technology. The research uses three mixed-methods to present the service providers’ and the users’ perspectives. The first method is a website content analysis that reviews the persuasive architecture of 102-day attraction websites. The second method uses questionnaires to get insights on tourists’ online usage, motivations, opinions and perceptions of online UX delivered by a single day attraction SME (case study). The third method, an eye tracking experiment is an extension to the questionnaires. The outcomes show that the SMEs’ incorporate persuasive UX elements corresponding to usability, visual aesthetics and credibility, but fail at incorporating strategies to support dialogue. The tourists’ suggest that usability, visual aesthetics and credibility UX elements affect their decision to buy, however, certain strategies that enhance dialogue, such as ability to win rewards, are likely to nudge them toward behaviour change. Furthermore, there appears to be a link between visual aesthetics and perceived usability, and their combined effect on persuasiveness. A final outcome establishes tourist’s website reading patterns, emphasising the placement of call-to-actions within an F-shape region. This research contributes through a customised version of the PSD model applicable for tourism SMEs, delivers empirical evidence suggesting additions to the model and, adds to the overall body of knowledge on tourism online UXs and persuasive technology.
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Thornton, Paul Robert. "Tourist behaviour on holiday : a time-space approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294480.
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Sertis, Steve. "Identification as a motivator of environmentally responsible tourist behaviour." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/972.
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This study examined the use of information in motivating environmentally responsible behaviour. In light of the ineffectiveness of traditional educational methods that have focussed upon affecting behaviour by changing attitudes through the manipulation of cognitive variables, an attempt was made to produce a sense of identification with the Rottnest Island Quokka using the tripartite model of motivational bases of attitudes developed by Hills (1993 ). This model used to determine whether different kinds of information would produce changes in environmental behaviour. Three groups of tourists were given either no information; factual information, consistent with current educational techniques used to influence behaviour; or identification information designed to produce feelings of identification with the quokka directed at protecting the quokka and its environment. Results indicated that wording the same information differently affected the self-reported motivational bases of behaviour toward the quokkas and their environment. Identification motivations were reportedly higher with tourists given the identification information brochure compared to those given factual or no information. The literature suggests that with heightened identification motivations, instrumental motivations are likely to be reduced. Results offered no support for this argument. Furthermore, behavioural observations indicated that the manipulation did not lead to differences in the behaviour of tourists across the three information groups. Behavioural observations of the interactions between tourists and quokkas highlighted the role of instrumental motivations among tourists. Whilst instrumental motivations should therefore be recognised and incorporated into any educational or environmental strategy aimed at protecting the environment, it is suggested that further research is needed to better understand how alternative motivations, such as one with an identification base, can better promote a valuing of the environment and its fauna for its own sake
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Dirir, Khalid. "Approaches to behaviour change in highly mobile tourists : Investigating influencers and attitudes to high mobility travel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54317.
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Tourism mitigation is a contentious issue that requires a multifaceted approach to effectively achieve. The need to reduce personal traveling expenditure in order to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions caused by tourism has not suitably been infiltrated within the public consciousness. Furthermore, those travellers who have been exposed to the reality that greenhouse gas emissions from tourism has often disregard that information and continue with their behaviour regardless. This thesis aimed to investigate the reasons why those who travel the most in society, the hypermobile, choses to travel as much as they do and how this demand for travel could be curbed. It focused on three forms of tourism mitigation; government regulations, increases to the price of air travel and social marketing. The study was conducted with 10 individuals who self-identify as being highly mobile (more than 3 international return trips per year). The results showed that those who no single method of tourism mitigation would be effective in the goal of limiting highly mobile behavioural tendencies. A mixture of all three methods would be required in reaching the goal of lowering the levels of distance air travel consumption.
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McIntosh, Alison Jane. "The experiences and benefits gained by tourists visiting socio-industrial heritage attractions." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361458.
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Wilson, Julie. "An holistic approach to tourist place images and spatial behaviour." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249415.
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In recent years, the city has become a primary setting for a diversity of tourist activities. However, the nature of the urban experience, from the perspective of tourist-city interactions, has not been examined in detail. In this particular arena, the concepts of place image and the tourist experience are very relevant, as processes of tourist image formation and modification are linked to the formation of tourists' expectations. In tum, expectations can have the potential to influence tourist choices and spatial behaviour patterns, in the event of an actual visit. Certainly, probability of patronage of a tourist attraction would appear to relate directly to how well that location fits into the simplified 'cognitive map' held by the individual. Overall, knowledge of how individual and groups of tourists interact and acquire information about the urban environment has also been under researched. The thesis therefore examines the main interrelationships between tourists' place images, expectations and spatial behaviour. It introduces an approach for examining such relationships from a more holistic, interdisciplinary perspective than has been employed in previous tourism image and behaviour research. Notably, a longitudinal dimension is introduced for the study of image modification, using an innovative, multi-stage approach. By elaborating, critiquing and applying some of the key concepts in tourist imagery and spatial behaviour in the context of tourist-historic cities, the thesis identifies a connection between tourists' images and spatial behaviour. The UK historic cities of Exeter and Bath were used as case studies for the empirical application of the multi-method framework, and primary data were collected via questionnaires, an experimental panel of visitors and semi-structured interviews. As well as contributing new themes to current theoretical and conceptual debates, the empirical findings identify a clear niche for image-behaviour relationships as a highly relevant concept for tourism studies. In particular, tourists' spatial behaviour is shown to influence the content of tourists' urban images, and in tum, tourists' images of the city can predispose them to certain activity choices. Conclusions are also drawn regarding the influences of different 'image formation agents' and direct tourist experience of a city as a strong agent of image modification.
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Santos, Vasco Ribeiro dos. "Consumer behaviour in wine tourism: involvement, destination emotions and place attachment in the wine tourist behaviour during the Porto wine cellars visits context." Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5366.
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Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências EmpresariaisThis study aims to contribute to the conceptual development of consumer behaviour in wine tourism area by bringing new discussion and empirical evidences. For this, a literature review of the main concepts was conducted in order to develop and support a conceptual model. This model was subsequently validated and empirically tested, and a hypothetical relationship between constructs was established: involvement (personal involvement and wine product involvement), destination emotions and place attachment (place identity and place dependence). This is, so far, the first study that analyses the combined interaction of all these constructs. This research was undertaken in the framework of wine tourism, namely the measurement of the wine tourist behavior after visiting the Porto wine cellars. Methodologically, the first chapter is a qualitative exploratory study that performed a content analysis on the key constructs (involvement and emotions), allowing a better understanding of how they can be defined, and the main dimensions underlying each one of them. The second chapter consisted of a conceptual approach, which focused on the clarification of the definition of wine tourism, and the wine tourist behaviour in particular. It also explored the possible relations between constructs (involvement, destination emotions, place attachment and behavioural intentions), postulating the key preposition that stems from their interaction. In the third chapter, a quantitative research was used, using a personal intercept survey in the Porto wine cellars to validate and to give empirical evidences about the behaviour of the Porto wine cellar visitor. The multilevel analysis of the proposed structural model was made using the SmartPLS software, allowing the confirmation of all the proposed hypotheses. In the first chapter, the findings provided a theoretical support of the relevance of involvement and emotions constructs in the field of tourism. The content analysis produced insights based on concepts and definitions of these two constructs on a more holistic perspective. In the second chapter, the findings sustain the special interest in consumer behaviour in wine tourism, and it stated a set of five prepositions, where the main constructs are interlinked. In the third chapter, the empirical results indicated that wine tourists’ personal involvement and their wine product involvement have a significant influence (and a direct effect) on destination emotions and place attachment, driving their behavioural intentions. The study had direct implications (analysis and evaluation of the wine tourist travel behaviour and wine tourist profile) for the Porto wine cellars. The results led to practical implications and suggestions for wine tourism managers. Este estudo tem como propósito contribuir para o desenvolvimento conceptual do comportamento do consumidor na área do enoturismo, contribuindo com uma nova discussão e evidências empíricas. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais construtos, a fim de desenvolver e apoiar um modelo conceptual. Este modelo foi posteriormente validado e testado empiricamente, e foi estabelecida uma relação hipotética entre os construtos: envolvimento (envolvimento pessoal e envolvimento com o produto vinho), as emoções do destino e apego ao lugar (identidade do lugar e dependência do lugar). Até agora, este é o primeiro estudo que analisa a interação combinada de todos estes construtos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito do enoturismo, ou seja, a medição do comportamento do enoturista após visitar as caves do vinho do Porto. Relativamente à metodologia aplicada, o primeiro capítulo é um estudo qualitativo exploratório que resultou numa análise de conteúdo sobre os construtos chave (envolvimento e emoções), permitindo uma melhor compreensão de como eles podem ser definidos, e as principais dimensões subjacentes a cada um deles. O segundo capítulo consistiu numa abordagem conceptual que incidiu sobre a clarificação da definição de enoturismo, e o comportamento do enoturista em particular. Este capítulo também explorou as possíveis relações entre os construtos (envolvimento, emoções do destino, apego ao lugar e intenções comportamentais), que determinam a preposição chave que decorre de sua interação. No terceiro capítulo, uma pesquisa quantitativa, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado nas caves do vinho do Porto, para validar e dar evidências empíricas sobre o comportamento do visitante nas caves do vinho do Porto. Foi realizada a análise multivariada do modelo estrutural proposto, utilizando o software SmartPLS, que permitiu a confirmação de todas as hipóteses propostas. No primeiro capítulo, os resultados forneceram um suporte teórico da relevância dos construtos do envolvimento e das emoções na área do turismo. A análise de conteúdo produziu perceções com base em conceitos e definições destes dois construtos, numa perspetiva mais holística. No segundo capítulo, os resultados sustentam o especial interesse no comportamento do consumidor no enoturismo, e foi apresentado um conjunto de 5 preposições, onde os principais construtos são interligados. No terceiro capítulo, os resultados empíricos indicam que o envolvimento pessoal dos enoturistas e o seu envolvimento com o produto vinho têm uma influência significativa (e um efeito direto) sobre as emoções do destino e o apego ao lugar, impulsionando as suas intenções comportamentais. O estudo teve implicações diretas (análise e avaliação do comportamento de viagem do enoturista e perfil do enoturista) para as caves do vinho do Porto. Os resultados levaram a implicações práticas e sugestões para os gestores de enoturismo. Cette étude a pour but contribuer pour le développement conceptuel du comportement du consommateur en oenotourisme, apportant une nouvelle discussion et des évidences empiriques. Il a été faite une révision de la littérature à propos des principaux concepts, a fin de développer et soutenir un modèle conceptuel. Ce modèle a été ensuite validé et testé empiriquement, et il a été établi un rapport hypothétique entre les concepts : engagement (engagement personnel et engagement avec le produit vin), émotions du destin, attachement à l’endroit (identité et dépendance de l’endroit). Celle-ci c’est, jusqu`à présent, la première étude qui analyse l’interaction combinée des tous ces concepts. Cette recherche a été réalisée dans le cadre de l’oenotourisme, ça veut dire le mesurage du comportement de l’oenotouriste après visiter les caves du vin Porto. Méthodologiquement le premier chapitre c’est une étude qualitative exploratoire qui a réalisé une analyse du contenu sur les concepts clé (engagement et émotions), en permettant une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont ils peuvent être définis, ainsi que les dimensions principales inhérentes à chacun d’eux. Le second chapitre a consisté dans une approche conceptuelle qui portait sur la précision de la définition de l’oenotourisme, et le comportement de l’oenotouriste en particulier. Ce chapitre a aussi exploité les éventuels rapports entre les concepts (engagement, émotions du destin, attachement à l’endroit et intentions comportementales) qui postulent la préposition clé qui découle de son interaction. Dans le troisième chapitre, une recherche quantitative, il a été utilisé un questionnaire structuré dans les caves du vin Porto, a fin de valider et de donner des évidences empiriques sur le comportement du visiteur dans les caves du vin Porto. Il a été réalisé l’analyse multifactorielle du modèle structurel proposé, en utilisant le software SmartPLS qui a permis la confirmation de toutes les hypothèses proposées. Dans le premier article, les résultats ont fourni un soutien théorique de la pertinence des concepts de l’engagement et des émotions dans le domaine du tourisme. L’analyse du contenu a produit des perceptions ayant comme base des conceptions et définitions de ces deux concepts, dans un point de vue plus holistique. Dans le second article, les résultats soutiennent le spécial intérêt dans le comportement du consommateur dans l’oenotourisme, et il a été présenté un ensemble de 5 prépositions, où les principales constructions sont interconnectées. Dans le troisième article, les résultats empiriques indiquent que l’engagement avec le produit vin ont une influence significative (et un effet direct) sur les émotions du destin et l’attachement à l’endroit, en poussant ses intentions comportementales. L’étude a eu des implications directes (analyse et évaluation du comportement de voyage de l’oenotouriste et profil de l’oenotouriste) pour les caves du vin Porto. Les résultats ont amené à des implications pratiques et suggestions pour les gestionnaires de l’oenotourisme.
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Mandelartz, Pascal. "Tourist behaviour during and after times of crisis : an investigation into tourists' perceptions, attitudes, reactions and responses." Thesis, University of Derby, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/320047.
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This thesis investigates a tourist segment which has been created out of Ulrich Beck's Risk Society (1989, 2010). These travellers have been dubbed 'Risk Society Travellers'. The outcomes of this study introduce concepts that characterise the Risk Society Travellers. The 'Risk Society Traveller Bubble' is the main concept and contribution to knowledge. It is a multilayered bubble that encapsulates all travellers within a bubble of familiarity and therefore safety and security whilst travelling to a post crisis destination, thereby deepening our understanding of such travellers. The thesis follows Beck's arguments of a society in which everyday life is increasingly governed by risks that have become incalculable, uncompensatable, unlimited, unaccountable and, most important of all, invisible to our senses. The contention is that people live with permanent non-knowing or with the simultaneity of threats and non-knowing and cannot grasp which concerns one should have and in what situations. These problems of risk and uncertainty pose dilemmas for us all (Myth en and Walklate, 2006). The notions that have been discussed in the literature investigate the nature of the tourism experience which this study is trying to connect to crises tourism in order to gain further understanding of the people that travel to such destinations. During the current times of crisis, in which headlines of terror and catastrophes are predominant in the media, each and everyone of us still has to make choices, whether to travel and where to travel. The theoretical development in tourism suggests that catastrophes, such as terrorism and natural disasters impact negatively on tourists' perception of a destination and therefore have a negative impact on the demand for such destinations. However, tourism numbers are still rising and are forecasted to rise in the future (WTO, 2010). This thesis sheds light on the travellers within today's risk society and investigates the tourists visiting destinations post- crisis. The study therefore introduces a research framework for investigating Risk Society Travellers. By implementing the developed methodology, attributes of this segment have been identified which facilitate the further establishment of the 'theory of the Risk Society Traveller'. It may also be suggested that the theoretical development of these tourists has largely remained undeveloped. Therefore tourism concepts from the literature have been brought together in order to create an outset for investigating the Risk Society Traveller. As a culturalist interpretation, this research project therefore attempts to 'show at least a bit of the terrible, but ultimately hopeful, complexity of life in a society whose reality is often oversimplified' (Farrell, 1986). By introducing a research framework for a novel interpretation of the contemporary traveller, an original contribution to knowledge has been made. Through testing the research framework insights into what influences this segment then potentially contributes to the existing body of knowledge.
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Muda, Muhamad. "Analysing the choice of Malaysia as a long-haul tourist destination." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21275.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how the British tourists move through a decision process in choosing Malaysia as a long-haul holiday destination. The purchase of a long-haul holiday is thought to be complex with high involvement and deliberation as well as being more expensive and bought less frequently (may be once a year). As such, a five-stage decision process is used: i) problem recognition, ii) information search, iii) evaluation of alternatives, iv) purchase decision and v) postpurchase behaviour. The research was conducted at two levels. The first level was self-administered tourists' survey questionnaire carried-out over a three-month period in Malaysia. The second level involved a British tour operators' survey which was supplemented by personal interview in order to get a better insight into the problems and potentials of Malaysia as a long-haul destination. "In search of new experience," "rest and relaxation",and "cultural attraction" were ranked as the three most important motivational factors influencing the decision to travel long-haul. Personal sources of information seemed to dominate in every stage of the decision process. Tourists evaluated Malaysia very favourably only on two tourist-attracting attributes - entertainment and shopping facilities; but these attributes were less important to them when selecting their holiday destinations. Husbands and wives were found to be in agreement on nine of the eleven subdecisions. Generally, tourists expressed high satisfaction with their holiday experience in Malaysia. Nevertheless some significant differences were found between independent and packaged tourists. Independent tourists were more satisfied with all the "product and service superiority" factors compared to the packaged tourists. With local services, independent tourists were significantly more satisfied than the packaged tourists with pleasant attitudes of the people and the personal security aspects of the "health and safety" factor. With regards to overall value for money and overall satisfaction, the independent tourists were significantly more satisfied than the packaged tourists. Comparison between destinations within the region also revealed different satisfaction levels across various dimensions. The study provides useful empirical support which enable tourism planners in making specific improvements in order to maintain and/or increase tourist satisfaction. For tourism marketers, creation of unrealistic tourist expectation through excessive promotional exaggeration should be avoided to circumvent tourist dissatisfaction.
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Yu, Vivian Teping. "Family decision-making in tourist behaviour : a case study of Taiwan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275899.
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Frochot, Isabelle Veronique. "The influence of the benefits sought by visitors on the evaluation of the service quality provided in historic houses." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264453.
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Rabinovitch, Jeff. "The effects of social status on tourist behaviour with special emphasis on visitors' behaviours and expectations of Expo 86." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27701.
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The effect of social status on visitors' behaviour at one type of tourist event, a world's fair, is examined. A model is developed which shows that:
1. Socialisation experiences can influence individuals positions in the social status hierarchy;
2. People who have had similar socialisation experiences may exhibit similar behaviours;
3. A basis of social status is the prestige awarded to an individual by society;
4. Tourism is associated with prestige;
5. Tourism experiences can affect an individual's position in the social status hierarchy;
6. World's fairs can be a destination oe event where the experiences or 'ritual transformations' can occur.
These ideas that visitor's behaviour at a tourist destination may differ depending on his/her level of social status. To test this thesis, hypotheses based on five constructs are developed and tested using data collected at Expo '86 in Vancouver, Canada. The five constucts that are expected to vary with level of 7. Attending cultural events; social status are:
1. Mode of travel to Expo '86;
2. Trip planning;
3. Expectations of Expo'86; and
4. Souvenir collecting. Although the results are in general inconclusive, the viability of the hypotheses cannot be dismissed because of some limitation in the data; they were collected for reasons other than this research and the research instrument used was not meant to measure the constructs specified here. As well there is strong evidence in the research literature to support the main argument.
A model of social status and behaviour, adapted in this thesis to tourism behaviour, can be used in future investigations. Areas for further investigations are suggested including areas of the model that should be expanded and clarified and new methods to test the constructs.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Wooler, Julie. "Exploring the potential of social marketing to encourage sustainable tourist behaviour in South West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15038.
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In the South West of England tourism provides an extremely important form of economic revenue, with 92 million nights spent in the region, generating over £9 billion in visitor spending and 11% of the total workforce employed either directly or indirectly in the sector. However this additional seasonal influx of visitors inevitably places a strain on the natural environment, built resources, infrastructure and communities. In order to readdress the balance tourism as a sector needs to be more sustainable and the emphasis for change is now placed on the individual. Social marketing has been used successfully to encourage behaviour change in the health sector, and is beginning to be recognised for its potential in encouraging sustainable behaviour, but has never been specifically applied in a tourism context. Therefore this research evaluates the potential of applying a social marketing methodology to encourage sustainable behaviour amongst tourists in two case study areas in South West England. Social marketing focusses on changing behaviour by understanding individual perceptions of the barriers to and motivations for behaviour. A social methodology then works to segment individuals into groups that share similar attitudes and beliefs, those groups identified as most likely to respond, are targeted with an intervention to encourage behaviour change. This research identified the perceived and actual barriers to (cost, time, convenience), and motivations for sustainable tourist behaviour among participants from the case study areas and identified three distinct clusters of tourists, one of which was identified as suitable for targeting with a social marketing intervention. This research also revealed that even those most committed to range of sustainable behaviours in the home environment do not continue this behaviour when in the holiday environment. A further dimension was added to this research by exploring the use of an ecological footprint calculator (REAP for Tourism) to quantify the environmental impact of individual tourists and to explore whether pro-environmental attitudes and behaviour equate to lower environmental impact.
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Dave, Naishadh Rushikeshbhai, and n. dave@student@rmit edu au. "Mapping Spatial Behavioural Risk in Port Campbell National Park." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091127.163118.
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Humans are inherently drawn to places of naural scenic beauty. Alone in Australia's national parks; the demand on these locations is increasing because of increased population plus increasing regional domestic travel. It is important to understand how tourists are utilising nature-based tourism resources to ensure that tourist attractions, facilities and services provided in parks are not exposed to loss events. Environmental and human losses, when combined with their likelihood of occurrence, will constitute risk. Heavy use of popular sites in particular times of the year, beyond the carrying capacity, may result in an irreparable environmental loss. Besides, human risks in terms of becoming lost in the wilderness or falling down from the cliff are significant factors that park managers are considering. It is becoming utmost important to investigate how these visitors are interacting with the natural environment, in what ways at highly vunerable sites. Park managers are now required to understand the needs, demands, preferences and motivation of visitors to vist the parks. A proactive planning to manage potential risk particularly in relatively more fragile and vulnerable environments is needed. This thesis documents a study of visitors to Loch Ard Gorge Site within the Port Campbell National Park, Victoria. Visitors were monitored for their spatial behaviour using the GPS receivers. Visitor's attitude, interests, opinions and motives to travel to the study location is surveyed using onsite self-administrated questionnaire. Total 102 individuals were surveyed to determine their preferences and to obtain their socio-demographical profiles.These were latter coupled with their GPS track movements in order to derive their elicited spatial behaviour. It is well-established fact that visitors' attitude, preferences, and socio-demographical profiles are important factors to identify risk taking spatial behaviour. Hence, this research underpins the exhibited spatial behaviour of tourist to deliver their associated spatial behavioural risk typologies. Statistical classifications of visitors, based on survey responses were categorised using K-means Cluster Analysis. As a result, six different tourist types were obtained. They are; Mid-Allocentics possibly Risk Takers. Allocentrics and confirmed Risk Takers. Mid-Psychocentrics and Risk Averters. Allocentrics and Dependent Risk Takers. Psychocentrics and confirming Risk Averters. Psychocentrics and Risk Averters Mass Tourists. The mean values of all clusters (cluster centroids) are interpreted to understand tourist's risk taking and/or risk averting preferences. Visitors' actual spatial behavioural were spatially analysed using movement pattern maps. The typologies subsequently were verified using Discriminant Function Analysis and in this process tests of equality of group means (Significance of F-test), ANOVA classification are discussed. The final part of Discriminant Function Analysis is to determine the linear regression equations for prediction of group membership of data points in future using classification Function Matrix (Fisher's Linear Disceriminant Function). The developed tourist typologies may help park managers to regulate and mitigate human risk prior to its occurrence by understanding the visitors personality and preferences and their risk taking probabilities.
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Al-Maaitah, Hadeel Mahmoud Khaleel. "An investigation of the acquisition and experience of medical tourism : the case of Jordan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26194.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate medical tourism in Jordan through the international patients‘ perspective. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of international patients‘ consumption behaviour to seek medical treatment, and while at the destination. And also to better understand the medical tourists‘ perceptions of quality of healthcare services. This research was designed to facilitate the identification of the characteristics of medical tourists, their visit, their sources of information and the main pull/push factors influencing their decision to travel. Moreover, it was designed to identify the level of satisfaction held by medical tourists towards their patient experience and their satisfaction predictors, by translating, adapting and validating a patient-centred quality of care instrument and assessing its psychometric properties amongst them. This research used a mixed-methods case study approach. It was conducted in 7 private hospitals with a primary quantitative research method through 302 interviewer-administered questionnaires and descriptive quantitative statistics, Mann-Whitney U Non-Parametric Significance Tests, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis. As a complement, qualitative research through 20 semi-structured interviews and content analysis was conducted in order to provide further insights into this area of research. The findings suggest that word-of-mouth recommendations and reputation have the utmost role in informing international patients of healthcare options in Jordan. Furthermore, recommendations from family and friends are the second most important after availability of specialized treatments in influencing the 3 international patients‘ decision to seek international healthcare. Moreover, significant differences in these terms exist between first and repeat visitors, which hold important implications for tourism marketers. Further marketing implications also exist as most patients shift in the type of activities they and their companions undertake after the main treatment period is completed. In terms of satisfaction, Factor Analysis suggest that medical tourists satisfaction of quality of services in Jordan‘s hospitals is based on six predictors including nutritional care, nursing care, physician care, room atmosphere, the procedure for incoming patients and other hospital services. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses show that medical tourists are satisfied with the quality of health care services rendered to them. However, minor areas show less satisfaction. The findings raise issues regarding the recruitment of non-Arab speaking nurses. Drawing together these findings presents implications for medical tourism management, international healthcare marketing, policy-making, and continuous improvement of the services they provide.
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Becken, Susanne. "Energy use in the New Zealand tourism sector." Phd thesis, Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/440.
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Energy use associated with tourism has rarely been studied, despite a potentially considerable contribution to global or national energy demand and concomitant greenhouse gas emissions. In New Zealand, tourism constitutes an increasingly important economic sector that is supported by the Government to induce further economic growth. At the same time New Zealand is facing the challenge of reducing currently increasing fossil fuel combustion and carbon dioxide emissions. As a response, this study investigated the contribution tourism makes to energy use in New Zealand. In particular it has examined the role of the three main tourism subsectors (transport, accommodation, and attractions/activities), and different domestic and international 'tourist types'. Seven separate data analyses provided inputs for building a model based on 'tourist types' from which energy use in the New Zealand tourism sector could be estimated. Tourism was found to contribute at least 5.6% to national energy demand, which is larger than its 4.9% contribution to GDP in 2000. Transport, in particular domestic air and car travel, was identified as the dominant energy consumer. Within the accommodation sub-sector, hotels are the largest energy consumers, both in total and on a per visitor-night basis. Of the three sub-sectors, attractions and activities contribute least to energy use, however, activities such as scenic flights or boat cruises were recognised as being energy intensive. As a result of larger visitor volumes, domestic tourists contribute more to energy consumption than international tourists. Domestic and international tourists types differ in their energy consumption patterns, for example measured as energy use per travel day. Tourist types that rely on air travel are the most energy intensive ones, for example the domestic 'long air business' travellers or the international 'coach tourists'. The importance of international tourists' energy use will increase, given current growth rates. There are many options to decrease energy use of the tourism sector, with the most effective ones being within the energy intensive transport sub-sector. Increasing vehicle efficiencies and decreasing travel distances appear to be the most promising measures. This study argues that energy use depends largely on tourists' travel behaviour. Changing behaviour is possible but is postulated to be very difficult, and further research is needed to better understand tourists' motivations, expectations and decision-making. Only then, can strategies be developed and implemented to alter travel behaviours to better balance energy use, other environmental impacts and economic yield. Such a balance is a crucial consideration in the search for more sustainable forms of tourism.
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Alexander, Zoë. "The international volunteer experience in South Africa : an investigation into the impact on the tourist." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2012. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9994/.
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This thesis explores the impact of volunteer tourism on the international tourist engaging in volunteer work in South Africa. A staged methodological design is adopted in this research. The first stage provides conceptual clarification of the term volunteer tourism, using grounded theory. Then a quasi-experimental study was carried out to collect data from volunteer tourists undertaking community and wildlife (including conservation) projects in South Africa. It consists of a standardised web-based personality inventory (IPIP-NEO) completed prior to, post, and one to two years following the volunteer vacation to measure personality changes in 15 core traits. A control group was used to enhance the validity of the scientific method. Thereafter, personal interviews were conducted to gain insight into the volunteering experience and any resulting changes in the volunteers’ day-to-day lives. This study’s findings point to significant changes in seven traits; some of these traits have not been previously identified by the literature and therefore broaden our understanding of the impact on the tourist. Additionally, while confirming some of the changes found in other studies, the findings of this study also point to some significant contrasts. Many of the changes identified were evident in the volunteer’s daily lives through their ‘personal circumstances’, ‘behaviour’, ‘emotions’, ‘confidence’, ‘values’, ‘knowledge or skills’ and ‘attitudes’. The experiences which the volunteers attributed to their changes were: active, involved, responsible, participatory, immersive and interactive, and whether they met volunteers’ expectations; influenced by: age, gender, project type and length of stay. The findings address a number of shortcomings in the volunteer tourism literature by providing statistical evidence of change; a better understanding of how change appears in participants’ everyday lives; and identifies some additional elements that influence change in the visitor, adding to knowledge of Engagement Theory. These findings can therefore contribute theoretically; and practically to tourism marketing, program design and volunteer satisfaction.
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Fallon, Paul. "Measuring tourist satisfaction with Orlando, Florida: A comparison of conceptual models and first-timer and repeater segments' behaviour." Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492398.
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Tourist satisfaction represents the 'outcome' from the destination experience. It also represents a significant 'input' into the future decision-making of both tourists, in terms of repeat visitation and recommendation, and management, for example in terms of resource allocation. However, the measurement of tourist satisfaction at destination level needs further consideration, particularly in terms of the contribution of destination attributes.
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Jakubčiaková, Alexandra Klaudia. ""As close as possible" - Sustainable Tourist Behaviour as Defined by Lifestyle Entrepreneurs : The Case of South-east Iceland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446110.
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This thesis project studied how a tourism campaign using the tool of nudging can be created. The objectives of the research were to identify what sustainable practices do the lifestyle entrepreneurs in Iceland conduct, and on the contrary, which activities of tourists they perceive as unsustainable. This was done in order to gain understanding into how tourism organisations can promote the lifestyles of the locals, promote adapting these behaviours as gaining authentic experiences, in order to avoid undesired behaviour of tourists, especially those actions conducted due to lack of education and awareness. The student moreover studied which techniques are the most suitable for the promotion of authentic experiences, and how a campaign of this kind can be adapted by relevant organisations. The research was done using the qualitative research method in combination with desk research and secondary data analysis. The results of the research show that activities such as recycling, eating seasonal and local products, together with experiencing freedom through business activities and closeness to family and community played a dominant role in the lives of the interviewed subjects. Besides that, the student found out it is especially relevant to focus on winter tourists, to promote the campaign through visuals that represent the reality fully and display sustainability in a sustainably managed environment. The overall outcomes of this thesis relate to showcasing the concepts of freedom, mindfulness and thinking local.
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McCabe, Andrew Scott. "Worlds of reason : the praxis of accounting for 'day visitor' behaviour in the Peak National Park : a qualititative investigation." Thesis, University of Derby, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/277392.
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This thesis considers how 'day visitors' to the Peak National Park construct accounts for their behaviour. It takes an inductive approach to the problem of 'day visits' as an under-researched topic within tourism and leisure studies. The thesis examines the discourses within tourism studies and in particular the ways in which notions of what it is to be a 'tourist' are constructed and used in tourism studies. Further it seeks to relocate the notion of tourism within the realm of ordinary social member's understandings, and therefore tourism becomes an object of study within everyday life. The thesis is particularly interested in the concept of motivation for tourism. Rather than regarding tourism motivation as a set of fixed 'needs' the study sets out to demonstrate the inherently social, locally managed and produced nature of motivation for tourism within everyday conversation about tourism. The empirical analysis is based on a small number of semi-structured, conversational interviews with people who had recently been on a 'day visit' to the Peak National Park. It was found that the respondents orient to the production of accounts of their experiences and accounts for their behaviour that served a number of functions. Accounts were found to allow members to construct notions of identity as a resource to achieve credibility in their accomplishment of 'day visitor' experiences in talk. This study considers how 'being a tourist' is accomplished or resisted by the respondents in their talk. Identity construction is also considered in relation to the accomplishment of spatial practice in accounting for 'day visitor' behaviour.
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Marcevova, Kristyna. "Group influences on individual holiday decision-making and behaviour : a study of group dynamics in tourist parties of young people." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3460.
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This study investigates the group decision-making processes and holiday behaviours of young people in the age-range 18-35 years and provides insights into how social influences within various travel parties affect individuals’ decision-making and behavioural processes. Although holiday decision-making has a long tradition in tourism research, the number of studies focused on how holiday decisions are formed within groups of travellers is relatively low considering the social character of pleasure travel. The majority of researchers continue to portray the individual’s holiday decision-making process at the expense of social interactions among group members. While research on family holiday decision-making is relatively well established in the consumer behaviour literature, the ways in which other decision-making units, such as groups of friends, make their holiday plans have been comparatively overlooked. This oversight occurs despite the fact that friends are common companions for leisure travel activities, especially for young people, who generally prefer to holiday with their peers. Based on empirical research through quantitative surveys (n=412 and n=200) and longitudinal in-depth interviews (n=10), this thesis challenges the view that holiday decisions are usually made jointly, and instead suggests that specific holiday sub-decisions are often dominated by a single individual within a group setting rather than being equally influenced by all group members. The nature of joint decision-making is significantly related to the size and structure of travel parties; that is, decisions made by bigger travel parties, families and groups of friends could often be characterised as autonomic rather than syncratic decisions. Furthermore, group-based behaviour is a modification of individual behaviour, which makes individuals engage in activities they may not have done otherwise. Accordingly, compromise is the most frequently used ‘Non-coercive/Non-Confrontational’ conflict resolution strategy when making holiday decisions. The results of this thesis further show that tourist behaviour is highly context dependent, with external, situational and environmental influences, which mediate holiday decisions. Therefore, although the data demonstrate the existence of four distinct clusters of young holidaymakers, these segments are only representations of individuals’ attitudes and behaviours at a moment in time. A tourist’s identity is fluid and dependent on the context, which highlights the need for new contemporary perspectives on tourist decision-making.
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Figueira, José Wilson Fernandes. "O perfil e as motivações dos turistas de um evento especial : o caso da Festa da Flor na ilha da Madeira." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19302.
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Mestrado em MarketingA criação e organização de eventos constitui um elemento chave na estratégia de diversificação de qualquer destino turístico. Alguns eventos são, de facto, grandes catalisadores de desenvolvimento, a nível económico, social, cultural e político de um país, cidade ou região. Torna-se, pois, imprescindível para a Destination Marketing Organisation (DMO) conhecer o perfil dos turistas atraídos por tais eventos e compreender as motivações turísticas inerentes à participação nos mesmos. Como tal, a presente investigação debruça-se sobre a compreensão e clarificação das razões e motivações que impelem os turistas a visitar a Ilha da Madeira no decorrer da Festa da Flor, recorrendo ao framework conceptual Push e Pull. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi de natureza descritiva-explanatória, tendo por base uma abordagem quantitativa, com recurso à aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a 281 turistas, nas principais avenidas da cidade do Funchal, no decorrer da Festa da Flor, edição 2019. Os resultados evidenciam que os Gestores do Destino Madeira devem dar especial atenção aos fatores motivacionais internos (push): Escape / Fuga à rotina, Relaxe, Prestígio, União Familiar, Novidade / Conhecimento e Entretenimento, e aos fatores motivacionais externos (pull): Eventos Especiais, Condições Básicas e Naturais do Destino, Gastronomia e Exploração Cultural e Histórica. Por outro lado, os resultados demonstram que o evento especial em estudo, a Festa da Flor, não é o polo de atração que desencadeia o desejo de visitar a Ilha da Madeira. É, antes, encarado como um fator suplementar, uma oferta turística complementar posta à disposição dos visitantes.
Event creation and organization are key elements in the diversification strategy of any tourist destination. Some events are indeed major catalysts for the economic, social, cultural and political development of a country, city or region. It is therefore essential for the Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) to know the profile of tourists attracted by such events and to understand the tourist motivations inherent in their participation. As such, this research focuses on understanding and clarifying the reasons and motivations that drive tourists to visit Madeira Island during the Flower Festival, using the Push and Pull conceptual framework. The methodology used in this study was descriptive and explanatory, based on a quantitative approach, using a questionnaire survey to 281 tourists, in the main avenues of Funchal, during the Festa da Flor, 2019 edition. The results show that the Destination Managers of Madeira should pay particular attention to the internal motivational factors (push): Escape / Routine Escape, Relax, Prestige, Family Union, Novelty / Knowledge and Entertainment, and the external motivational factors (pull): Special Events, Basic and Natural Destination Conditions, Gastronomy and Cultural and Historical Exploration. On the other hand, the results show that the special event under study, the Flower Festival, is not the attraction that triggers the desire to visit the island. Rather, it is seen as a supplementary factor, a complementary tourism offer made available to visitors.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Bothma, Lee-Ann. "Travel motivations to selected national parks in South Africa : Karoo-, Tsitsikamma- and Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Parks / L. Bothma." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3146.
Full textAbstract:
Research in tourist behaviour follows the cognitive approach. This contains the behavioural cycle of stimulation (motivation and intention formation), the actual behaviour and experience, and finally the evaluation of consequences. These stages are referred to in tourism as: the pre-trip experience (motivation and intention formation), travel stage (actual behaviour) and the post-travel stage (evaluation of the travel experience). The characteristics, which influence tourist behaviour, indicate that travel motivations are the result of how tourists behave (tourist behaviour). These characteristics are: the decision-making process, demographical factors, marketing mix, external/social factors and internal/ psychological factors (motivations). Motivations to travel have a major influence on the travel behaviour of tourists. Tourists' motivations to satisfy their needs directly influence their behaviour, or the actions they take, in order to satisfy these needs. Due to its impelling and compelling nature, motivation is considered to be one of the most important variables in explaining tourist behaviour. As countries and destinations strive to increase their share of the international and national tourism market, it becomes important to understand why people travel and why they choose a specific ecotourism destination. If travel motivations of tourists are known to the product, it will be an aid when developing a competitive marketing strategy. From the literary review, the following travel motivations occurred regularly: leisure, excitement, socialisation, relaxation, family togetherness, escape, culture, novelty, attractions, knowledge seeking, adventure, prestige, nature, facilities, recreation, attributes, nostalgia, photography, exploration and activities. The literary review further revealed that there are travel motivations commonly found with regard to tourism destinations, and on the other hand, there are travel motivations which are product related.
The aim of this research was to determine the travel motivations of tourists to selected national parks in South Africa: Karoo-, Kgalagadi Transfrontier- and Tsitsikamma National Parks. Secondary data was used to determine the visitors' profile, as well as the factor analysis on travel motivations. For the visitors' profile, 286 questionnaires were administered for Karoo National Park, 468 for the Tsitsikamma National Park and 582 for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. For the factor analysis, 318 questionnaires were administered for Karoo National Park, 673 for the Tsitsikamma National Park and 534 for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. Primary data was used to determine the reasons for visiting these parks. 101 Questionnaires were administered for Karoo National Park, 192 for the Tsitsikamma National Park and 104 for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park.
The foremost findings of the research were divided into three categories, namely: visitors' profile, reasons for visiting the parks and travel motivations. Regarding visitors profile; it was found that profiles for the three parks were quite similar, except for the following: expenditure of tourists at Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park, where the average spending of tourists was higher and directly linked to the duration of stay; duration of stay indicated that tourists visiting Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park stayed longer. Two major markets were revealed by the research for all three parks, namely: Gauteng and Western Cape, with the exception of Tsitsikamma National Park, which had a third market of importance, namely Eastern Cape. This information is important when developing marketing strategies. It was especially evident that 4x4 vehicles are the preferred mode of transport for visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. Therefore, this park can be marketed as a 4x4 destination. From these results one can conclude that the profile of tourists to the three selected national parks showed minor differences. Primary data was used to determine the reasons why tourists visit the selected parks. Among the most important travel reasons why tourists visit the selected parks, was: to relax, for family recreation, to get away from regular routine and for the benefit of the children.
The factor analysis regarding travel motives revealed the following: five factors were identified for Karoo National Park and six factors were identified for both Tsitsikamma- and Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Parks. Results illustrated that these parks have common and unique motives. Common travel motives in these parks include: park attributes, escape and relaxation, as well as knowledge seeking. Unique to Karoo National Park, was attractions and family togetherness, compared to photography and adventure for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park, and adventure and attractions for the Tsitsikamma National Park. A combined factor analysis was also conducted, which showed knowledge seeking, park attributes, as well as escape and relaxation as the most important travel motives of tourists visiting the three selected national parks.
This research, therefore, confirmed that different attractions and destinations feed different travel motives, even when classified as similar types of products. Marketers can use this information to position these parks and to develop better marketing strategies, to enable national parks to outwit their competitors.Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Porkertová, Adela. "Vplyv informačných technológií na účastníka cestovného ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81574.
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The thesis focuses on development and use of information and communication technologies and their final impact on tourist behaviour in the sector of tourism. First part is dedicated to the theory od tourism in general, it states the main participants, it defines more specifically tourist behaviour from the point of view of consumer, it describes the development of modern technologies that directly or indirectly influence the sector of tourism industry. The target of the practical part of the thesis, using the quantitative research, is to point out on the influence that brings the concrete technology as Internet and its services to his users and in the same time consumers in tourism.
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Lin, Jiayi. "Food consumption of Chinese outbound tourists in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664897.
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This dissertation aims to understand the food consuming behaviours of international tourists in their long-haul travel. This thesis is presented as a compendium of publications, which the first one intents to build a new typology of food consumed in tourism from a globalization perspective, and exposes a full range of dining experience, through investigating Chinese tourists’ food consumption in Spain. Then second paper investigates how food habits influence Chinese tourists to consume Spanish local food from the cultural perspective. This study also explains how tourists deal with these
obstacles in local food consumption. The third paper explores the reasons why
Chinese tourists chose to eat fast food in McDonald’s. This research challenges the pervious views on McDonald’s and clarifies some positive aspects of it to international visitors. This thesis extends and deepens the understandings of tourists’ food consumption experience in long-haul travelling with food cultural differences.Aquesta tesi es presenta com un compendi de publicacions. Aquesta tesi pretén, en primer lloc, construir una nova tipologia d’aliments que es consumeixen en l’àmbit turístic des de la perspectiva de la globalització i exposa una àmplia experiència gastronòmica a través de la investigació del consum d'aliments dels turistes xinesos a Espanya. Tot seguit, aquesta tesi investiga com les costums alimentaries influeixen en els turistes xinesos a l’hora de consumir aliments locals espanyols. El segon paper investiga com les costums alimentaries influeixen en els turistes xinesos a l’hora de consumir aliments locals espanyols. Aquest estudi també explica com els turistes tracten aquests obstacles a l’hora de consumir aliments locals. El tercer paper explora els motius pels quals els turistes xinesos opten per menjar fastfood a McDonald's, sempre percebut com allò contrari al menjar local. Aquesta tesi amplia i aprofundeix els coneixements de l'experiència del consum d'aliments dels turistes a llarga estada amb diferències culturals alimentàries.
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Chan, Siu-kay. "Consumption behaviour of Mainland vacation visitors in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25018036.
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Sanja, Božić. "Утицај личности на бренд дестинације и туристичко понашање на примеру локалитета културне руте." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100948&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Личност дестинације као и њена веза са личношћу туристе још увек је релативнонеистражена област којом се бавио мали број аутора. Такође, у литератури се не проналазе радови који повезују личност туристе и његову перцепцију имиџа дестинације. Слично је и са утицајем личности туристе на понашање и одабирпонуде активности на дестинацији. Ово је прво истраживање које проучава везу између личности туристе мерене моделом Великих пет и избора односно занимљивости активности на дестинацији. Важан теоријски допринос ове тезеје и у креирању нове скале личности дестинације, која је у потпуности прилагођена туристичкој дестинацији као производу, и садржи ајтеме којисе односе искључиво на личност, у овом случају приписану туристичкој дестинацији. Нова скала базирана је на 5 основних димензија оригиналногмодела личности бренда (Искреност, Узбудљивост, Компетентност, Софистицираности и Сировост), али су ставке сваке димензије сада прилагођене специфичности туристичке дестинације као производа. У тези је истражено такође и како одабир активности на дестинацији, као и занимљивост активности повратно утичу на перцепцију личности бренда и имиџа туристичкедестинације. Такође, један од циљева био је и утврдити да ли се перцепција имиџа и личности дестинације од стране туриста разликује од перцепције туристичких стејкхолдра.Истраживање је спроведено на 502 посетиоца различитих локалитета културне руте „Пут римских царева“. У истраживању су тестирана 3 структурална модела -структурални модел одабира активности (модел 1), структурални модел занимљивости потенцијалних (модел 2) и структурални модел занимљивости постојећих активности (модел 3). Такође, тестиран је један мерни модел (нове скале BPS). Сви модели су на крају показали прихватљиве индикаторе фита (CFI, NNFI>0.9 и RMSEA, SRMR<0.08).Истраживање је показало да постоји утицај личности и соцеиодемографских карактеристика испитаника на перцепцију имиџа и личности бренда. Такође, потврђен је утицај социодемографских карактеристика на избор активности, док су резултати указали на то да личност туристе не утиче на избор активности надестинацији. За разлику од тога, на занимљивост активности утичу и личност туристе и социодемографске карактеристике. Личност дестинације не утиче на избор активности на дестинацији, а такође ни да избор активности не утиче на перцепцију личности дестинације. Међутим, начин на који видимо дестинацију као особу може утицати на то које ће нам активности бити занимљиве, али исто тако и да занимљивост активности на дестинацији може утицати на то да ми доживимо дестинацију на одређени начин. Имиџ дестинације утиче на избор активности, док избор активности не утиче на перцепцију имиџа.За разлику од тога, постоји обостран утицај занимљивости активности и перцепције имиџа дестинације. Истраживање је показало и имиџ утиче на перцепцију личности бренда, као и да туристички радници имају позитивнију перцепцију имиџа и личности бренда у односу на туристе. Сазнања до којих се дошло кроз овај радће омогућити маркетинг стручњацима али и осталим запосленима у туристичкој индустрији јасне смернице шта све утиче на перцепцију личности и имиџа дестинације, чиме ће се олакшати формирање конкурентске предности дате дестинације као и њено позиционирање на туристичком тржишту.Ličnost destinacije kao i njena veza sa ličnošću turiste još uvek je relativnoneistražena oblast kojom se bavio mali broj autora. Takođe, u literaturi se ne pronalaze radovi koji povezuju ličnost turiste i njegovu percepciju imidža destinacije. Slično je i sa uticajem ličnosti turiste na ponašanje i odabirponude aktivnosti na destinaciji. Ovo je prvo istraživanje koje proučava vezu između ličnosti turiste merene modelom Velikih pet i izbora odnosno zanimljivosti aktivnosti na destinaciji. Važan teorijski doprinos ove tezeje i u kreiranju nove skale ličnosti destinacije, koja je u potpunosti prilagođena turističkoj destinaciji kao proizvodu, i sadrži ajteme kojise odnose isključivo na ličnost, u ovom slučaju pripisanu turističkoj destinaciji. Nova skala bazirana je na 5 osnovnih dimenzija originalnogmodela ličnosti brenda (Iskrenost, Uzbudljivost, Kompetentnost, Sofisticiranosti i Sirovost), ali su stavke svake dimenzije sada prilagođene specifičnosti turističke destinacije kao proizvoda. U tezi je istraženo takođe i kako odabir aktivnosti na destinaciji, kao i zanimljivost aktivnosti povratno utiču na percepciju ličnosti brenda i imidža turističkedestinacije. Takođe, jedan od ciljeva bio je i utvrditi da li se percepcija imidža i ličnosti destinacije od strane turista razlikuje od percepcije turističkih stejkholdra.Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 502 posetioca različitih lokaliteta kulturne rute „Put rimskih careva“. U istraživanju su testirana 3 strukturalna modela -strukturalni model odabira aktivnosti (model 1), strukturalni model zanimljivosti potencijalnih (model 2) i strukturalni model zanimljivosti postojećih aktivnosti (model 3). Takođe, testiran je jedan merni model (nove skale BPS). Svi modeli su na kraju pokazali prihvatljive indikatore fita (CFI, NNFI>0.9 i RMSEA, SRMR<0.08).Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji uticaj ličnosti i soceiodemografskih karakteristika ispitanika na percepciju imidža i ličnosti brenda. Takođe, potvrđen je uticaj sociodemografskih karakteristika na izbor aktivnosti, dok su rezultati ukazali na to da ličnost turiste ne utiče na izbor aktivnosti nadestinaciji. Za razliku od toga, na zanimljivost aktivnosti utiču i ličnost turiste i sociodemografske karakteristike. Ličnost destinacije ne utiče na izbor aktivnosti na destinaciji, a takođe ni da izbor aktivnosti ne utiče na percepciju ličnosti destinacije. Međutim, način na koji vidimo destinaciju kao osobu može uticati na to koje će nam aktivnosti biti zanimljive, ali isto tako i da zanimljivost aktivnosti na destinaciji može uticati na to da mi doživimo destinaciju na određeni način. Imidž destinacije utiče na izbor aktivnosti, dok izbor aktivnosti ne utiče na percepciju imidža.Za razliku od toga, postoji obostran uticaj zanimljivosti aktivnosti i percepcije imidža destinacije. Istraživanje je pokazalo i imidž utiče na percepciju ličnosti brenda, kao i da turistički radnici imaju pozitivniju percepciju imidža i ličnosti brenda u odnosu na turiste. Saznanja do kojih se došlo kroz ovaj radće omogućiti marketing stručnjacima ali i ostalim zaposlenima u turističkoj industriji jasne smernice šta sve utiče na percepciju ličnosti i imidža destinacije, čime će se olakšati formiranje konkurentske prednosti date destinacije kao i njeno pozicioniranje na turističkom tržištu.
Destination personality and its relationship with tourist personality is still unexplored area which hasn't been a subject of many scientific publications untill now. Moreover, in the existing body of literature, there are no scientific papers connecting tourist personality and its destination image perception. The similar case is also with the impact of tourist personality on tourist behaviour, especially its choice of tourist activities on destination.Thus, this is the first study to examine the relationship among tourist personality, measured by Big Five Traint model, and the choice and preference of activities on destination. The important theoretical contribution od this thesis is in creation of a new scale of destination personality, which is completely adapted to tourist destination, as a specific tourist product. This scale contains items which refer only to personality traits, in this case personality traits of tourist destination. The new scale is based on five dimensions of original Brend Personality Scale (Sincerity, Excitement, Competetivness, Sofistication and Rugidness), but each of these dimensions contains items adapted to tourist destination. In this thesis, it is also explored how can choice and preference of tourist activities on destination affect tourist image and brend personality perception. In addition, the aim was to determine whether there is a difference in image and destination personality perception among tourist and tourism stakeholders. The research was carried out on a sample of 502 tourists who have visited different sites on the cultural route “The trail of Roman Emperors”. In this research, the three structural model have been tested – Structural model of choice of tourist activities (Model 1), Structural model of preference of potential activities (Model 2), and Structural model of preference of existing activities (Model 3). Moreover, model of a new scale of destination personality has also been tested. All tested model have showen satisfactory fit indexes (CFI, NNFI>0.9 и RMSEA, SRMR<0.08).The research has shown that there is an impact of tourist personality and its sociodemografic features on image and destination perosnality percepction. In addition, It is confirmed that sociodemografic features affect a choice of tourist activities on destination. On contrary, tourist preference of activities is affected by both tourist personality and sociodemografic features. Destination personality does not affect tourist choice of activities, and tourist choice of activites does not affect tourust perception of destination personality. However, the way we pereceive tourist destionation can affect our preference of activities, and vice verca. The study have shown that destination image affects choice of activities on destination, which choice of activities doesn’t affect tourist image perception. On contrary, there is a mutual influence between preference of tourist activities and image perception. The study has also shown that image affects destination personality, as well as that tourist stakeholders have more positive perception of image and brend personality than tourist. The results obtained through this thesis could provide marketers and other employees in tourism with detailed information about what affects image and destination personality perception. This could positively influence the positioning of this cultural route and obtaining of the competetive position on tourism market.
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Watkins, Leah, and n/a. "Culture, values and Japanese tourism behaviour." University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070205.150926.
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While the role of culture as an influence on consumer behaviour and product/service choice has long been acknowledged, the current literature in marketing offers an incomplete understanding of how and why culture plays its influential role (Overby, Woodruff and Gardial 2005). Research suggests that values provide the link between culture and consumer behaviour and values have been the focus of much research in the social sciences. In particular, values have received significant attention in cross-cultural research, being used to characterise the similarities within and differences across cultures. Values are central to the marketing discipline as they determine value, i.e. what activities, interests, and material goods consumers identify with, enjoy, acquire, or consume (Grunert and Muller 1996). Both directly and indirectly, values drive consumption behaviour.
Typically, values have been assessed and compared through the use of standard measures such as Rokeach�s Value Survey, the List of Values and Schwartz�s Value Survey. Recent literature highlights growing concern over the application of standard measures across cultures and issues of cross-cultural invariance. There is a need for new research into cross-cultural applications of consumer value measures and theoretical models. This thesis critiques the use of Western conceptual paradigms and imposed etics in value research, and, using a Japanese tourism context, seeks a deeper understanding of how culture and values affect tourism consumption and experience.
This thesis offers an empirical test of the cross-cultural applicability of a commonly used values scale in consumer research, the List of Values (Kahle 1983). The findings of this phase of the research extend the literature concerning methodological issues in values research and highlight the limitiations of the LOV as a cross-cultural measure of values. Based on these findings the thesis adopts an alternative, qualitative methodology to investigate the relationship between Japanese culture, values and tourism behaviour in New Zealand. The findings of the second phase of the research contribute to a recent call in the literature for more qualitative research in tourism, and allow the identification and understanding of the key values relevant to Japanese tourism behaviour. The results of Means-End interviews with Japanese visitors reveal the important cultural assumptions informing values and shaping tourism decisions and behaviours for two key groups of Japanese tourists.
The theoretical framework presented in this thesis promotes our understanding of the relationship between cultural beliefs, values, and consumer behaviour. The results of the primary research highlight the importance of cultural and physical history, world-view, self-concept, thought patterns and language in the formation and interpretation of values. The thesis presents a holistic attempt at understanding Japanese culture, values and travel behaviour by examining how these concepts cohere in a logical framework. The thesis argues that, given the inherently cultural nature of values, their interpretation within the context of cultural beliefs is highly important in understanding variability in consumer behaviour across cultures.
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Gassiot, Melian Ariadna. "Accessible tourism: an integrated model of the behaviour of tourists with disabilities in a destination." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398249.
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People with disabilities face a series of constraints when visiting a tourism destination. These constraints have a disproportionate effect on their behaviour compared to those without disabilities. The first article of this thesis aims to study these constraints by providing a measurement scale. In the second article, perceived value of accessibility, satisfaction and loyalty behavioural components are investigated in the context of a religious destination. In the third article, the theoretical model sets out the effects of the most important perceived constraints on the behaviour of tourists with disabilities. Results show tourism constraints have a negative effect on the perceived value of accessibility, and on loyalty. The general contribution of this thesis is the creation of a behavioural model for tourists with disabilities in a destination. Any destination or manager focusing on this market segment must consider all these behavioural factors, and prioritize eliminating, or at least minimising, these constraintsLa gent amb discapacitats ha d’afrontar una sèrie de barreres quan visiten una destinació turística. Aquestes barreres afecten desproporcionadament el seu comportament comparat amb aquells sense discapacitats. El primer article d’aquesta tesi té l’objectiu d’investigar aquestes barreres a través d’una escala de mesura. En el segon article, s’exploren el valor percebut d’accessibilitat, la satisfacció i la lleialtat en el context d’una destinació religiosa. En el tercer article, s’exploren els efectes de les barreres percebudes més importants sobre el comportament dels turistes amb discapacitats. Els resultats mostren que existeix un efecte negatiu sobre el valor percebut de l’accessibilitat i la lleialtat. La contribució general d’aquesta tesi és la creació d’un model de comportament dels turistes amb discapacitats en una destinació. Qualsevol agent d’una destinació que se centri en aquest segment de mercat ha de tenir en compte aquests factors de comportament, i ha de prioritzar l’eliminació, o almenys reducció, d’aquestes barreres
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Thomas, Morgan Avery Thomas. "A Typology of Gastro Tourism Consumers: A Conceptual Classification of Gastronomic Tourists' Consumer Behavior." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1536073966117087.
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Sun, Minghui. "Travel behaviour of Chinese tourists living in the city of Beijing, China / Sun Minghui." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1559.
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Xin, Jin. "Is gastronomy a new tourism lure of Scandinavian countries? : An exploratory study on Chinese tourists." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123555.
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This exploratory study initially attempts to generate basic understanding regarding how do Chinese tourists evaluate the importance of Scandinavian gastronomies when holidaying the countries. And it further judge the states could whether implement gastronomical development strategy. Additionally, the study generally explores Chinese tourists’ food behavior, motivation and preference in a culturally different environment when holidaying in Scandinavian countries. The study also provides a detailed investigation regarding Chinese tourists’ food preference, behavior and motivation based upon the general food habits. The study proposes the in-depth research that describes the disparities of Chinese tourists’ dining attitude on Scandinavian gastronomies from varying social groups, such as age and gender. A structured questionnaire adopted in the study as the research tool to collect quantitative data from sampled respondents. This study addressed a number of gaps in current knowledge. Academically, it filled the gap about the relationship between the gastronomy and the destination in Scandinavian states. And this study gains a better understanding about Chinese tourists food attitude towards exotic gastronomies in particular Scandinavian’s. The difference of Chinese tourists’ gastronomies, food preference, motivations and tourists’ food behavior on food while having a trip in Scandinavian countries is specifically indicated in the study. Regarding the business, a key contribution of this study is that it also provides the understanding about Chinese tourists in culinary aspect which can help with making a feasible tourism development plan.
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Fernandez, Grijalva Nicia Ivonne. "Pro-environmental Behavior in Mass Tourism : Testing manipulation techniques in tourists for "voluntary" sustainable actions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65753.
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Five suggested experiments from tested Pro-environmental behavior change studies made in different advance economy countries were applied in the emerging economy tourist destination: Samalayuca Sand Dunes Park in Ciudad Juárez, Chih. México. Results show that promoting connectivity between the tourist and the destination, framing actions for tourists who are not aware about sustainable practices, encouraging sustainable actions with non monetary incentives, and reminding tourists faults against the environment are sucessful techniques to enhance pro-environmental behaviors in tourists; while a combination of these practices may enhance positive spillover to increase such actions and thus, helping to close the ”holiday” gap or the unsustainable behavior tourists show during travel.Cinco experimentos para un comportamiento pro-ambiental sugeridos por diferentes estudios en la materia, son aplicados al destino turístico de Las Dunas de Samalayuca en el municipio de Juárez, Chih. México. Los resultados prueban que la conección entre el turista y la comunidad que visita, junto con la delimitación de acciones pro-ambientales, la promoción de acciones sustentables con actividades no monetarias, y el recordar las faltas anti-sustentables en el pasado, son ténicas que funcionan para motivar al turista a tener un comportamiento pro-ambiental (en este caso, no tirar basura). Los resultados también muestran que una combinación de éstos experimentos promueve la realización de acciones sustentables más complicadas o con mayor responsabilidad, como recoger la basura de otros, o el reciclaje.
The presentation was given as ViVA, were all opponents and exponents were students.
Pro-environmental behavior in masses
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Beimel, Simon. "Consumer behavior in a tourism demand model of the Caribbean." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/beimels/simonbeimel.pdf.
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Han, Xiliang. "Chinese tourists' intentions to visit South Africa: an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020945.
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The South African National Department of Tourism has recently initiated the National Tourism Sector Strategy aimed at developing a sustainable tourism economy, and making the country a Top 20 global tourism destination by 2020.China is one of South Africa’s major non-African sources of tourist arrivals. To ensure a growing share of this booming market, South African tourism scholars and practitioners have to pay close attention to the behaviour of Chinese outbound tourists, particularly their destination choice behaviour. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)– an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)– can serve as a basis for researching destination choice. According to the TPB literature, intention is the most immediate and important determinant of behaviour. Three direct predictors of intention, namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control, are functions of latent behavioural, normative, and control beliefs, respectively. The TPB is parsimonious but open to the inclusion of additional predictors if there is evidence that these predictors may explain a significant proportion of the variance in intention and behaviour after the basic predictors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control) have been accounted for. The current research successfully extended the TPB model for predicting potential Chinese tourists’ intentions to visit South Africa by adding two additional variables: travel motivation and travel constraints. The push-pull motivation framework discussed in the study postulates that people travel because they are pushed by internal forces (inner needs) and pulled by external forces (destination attributes). Typical barriers to travel include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints. The new model makes an important contribution to the literature on destination choice, and provides South Africa’s destination marketers with suggestions for attracting and serving Chinese tourists. In addition, the research shows that both travel motivation and travel constraints can be used as bases for segmenting the outbound Chinese tourist market interested in visiting South Africa. A survey approach and a structured questionnaire distributed electronically to the online panel members of a Chinese market research company were instrumental in collecting the empirical data for the study. The questionnaire was originally written in English and translated into Chinese (Mandarin) via a blind translation-back-translation method. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived control, and visit intention were all operationalised as unidimensional and used scales adapted from previous studies. New scales were developed for travel motivation and travel constraints– both operationalised as multidimensional. Quota sampling, used to identify respondents aged 18 or older and living in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, resulted in 630 usable questionnaires obtained from 1,510 sent invitation e-mails, yielding a response rate of 41.7%. The raw data collected were prepared through the sequential steps of editing, coding, and filing, and then analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis suggested that broadening personal horizons, viewing the natural scenery, and seeing something different were the top motives for visiting South Africa, while language, fear of crime, and lack of travel companions were the top barriers to visiting South Africa. According to the factor analysis, travel motivation had three underlying dimensions – learning, escape, and aesthetics and appreciation, while operational, risk and fear, and social barriers were three underlying dimensions of travel constraints. Regression analysis showed that the proposed extended TPB model had higher predictive power for visit intention than both TRA and TPB models; the basic predictors – attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control – all had a significant impact on visit intention; and in terms of the additional predictors, learning, operational constraints, and social constraints had a significant impact on visit intention. The analysis of variance indicated that travel frequency and age were the most profound background factors with an influence on the extended TPB model. Finally, cluster analysis resulted in two market segments with distinct profiles, that is, High-Motivation/ Low-Constraint (HMLC) tourists and Low-Motivation/High-Constraint (LMHC) tourists. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings of the current research, it is recommended that destination marketers in South Africa: advertise specific benefits of touring South Africa, namely, increasing knowledge, relieving stress, and enjoying high environmental quality, to advance Chinese residents’ perceptions of the country; develop tourism experiences that can be taken in a week or shorter to cater for the unique annual leave and public holiday policy in China; launch a media relations campaign in China to ensure that the facts about South Africa are communicated without distortion; collaborate with other destination stakeholders such as government and businesses, to actively attract and retain Chinese tourists for example by educating the public about Chinese culture and training employees to improve the quality of service; target the HMLC tourists via the Internet (particularly the social media) and by developing holiday packages that include activities related to cultural tourism, rest and relaxation, and nature-based tourism; and target the LMHC tourists by cooperating with local travel agencies and by developing holiday packages that highlight the diversity of tourism activities and offer value-added products/services.
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Borradaile, Sarah-Jane. "Tourists and anti-social behaviour : a framework that establishes management responses to, and management implications of, anti-social behaviour in a cross-cultural tourism context." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/16126feb-9d1c-4083-aebd-8d6218876eeb/1.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the contemporary social phenomenon of soft ASB in tourism, specifically in Andalucia, Spain. A series of observations, interviews with tourists and hosts and focus groups were conducted during the period of two tourist seasons. The aim was to establish the types of ASB exhibited by UK leisure tourists and to explore the reasons for the ASB exhibited. A qualitative approach to research was adopted and data were analysed and interpreted following the constant comparison method. Findings show that soft ASB exists in Andalucia. However, tourist and host perceptions of ASB were different. For the tourists ASB focused on the drinking culture of the UK leisure tourist. For the host ASB constituted reluctance by the British to embrace Spanish culture demonstrated through, for example, a preference by the tourist to consume British style food rather than Spanish. ASB is notoriously difficult to define and to date has not been defined in tourism. For this study a fresh definition has been created based on the findings of this study. This has taken into account the broader context of ASB and the reasons for ASB. This study has developed a framework that establishes management responses to and management implications of ASB in a cross-cultural tourism context and which suggests a practical and theoretical approach to ASB. Whist the findings are not considered to be generalisable the framework and qualitative research approach could be adopted for investigations into a range of tourist behaviour.
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Zhang, Jiaying, and jiaying zhang@rmit edu au. "Understanding Host Community Attitudes towards Tourism and Resident-Tourist Interaction: A Socio-Behavioural Study of Melbourne's Urban-Rural Fringe." RMIT University. Management, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080801.144715.
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The fast development of the tourism industry has created both positive and negative impacts on host communities. Reacting to these impacts, host residents hold various attitudes towards tourism and tourists. It has come to common agreement that a supportive host community plays a vital role in the successful and long-term development of community tourism. In order to explain the antecedents of community attitudes towards tourism, researchers have investigated the topic from both the extrinsic perspective (such as stage-based models) and the intrinsic perspective (such as the Social Exchange Theory). Nevertheless, there are still several important research gaps and deficiencies within the existing literature. First, the influence of psychological factors (personality) on attitudes towards tourism is somewhat neglected. Second, when examining the relationship between community attitudes towards tourism and the influential factors, the majority of previous studies do not distinguish the orthogonal dimensions of attitudes (such as positive dimension and negative dimension). Third, the existing literature has not addressed the issue of whether specific attitudes towards tourism will lead to a corresponding behaviour when interacting with tourists, and what other factors are determinant in host-guest interactive behaviour. Aiming to address such research gaps and deficiencies, this study has a major objective of developing a theoretical model (encompassing attitude element) to understand the antecedents of host-guest interaction. A quantitative approach was employed for the entire project. A self-administrated questionnaire survey was used to collect primary data. A total of 878 useful questionnaires were returned for analyses. Stratification sampling methods were utilized in communities where population database was accessible, while random sampling methods were used in other communities. The findings from this study confirmed the two major hypotheses in terms of community attitudes towards tourism. First, there was a significant relationship between an individual's personality and his/her attitudes towards tourism. Residents being high on Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness traits and low on the Neuroticism trait tended to be more positive towards tourism than their counterparts. Second, while some factors were found to be influential on both positive and negative dimensions of attitudes towards tourism, others only demonstrated influences on one dimension. The Resident-Tourist Interaction Model developed in this study provided a comprehensive theoretical framework in modelling and predicting host residents' interactive behaviour towards tourists. Drawing on the evaluation results of three leading behavioural theories belonging to the school of cognition, the Model identified attitudinal, volitional, social, motivating and habitual factors for the prediction of resident-tourist interactive behaviour. Motivating factor (intention) was the critical and immediate element for action, which, in turn, was best predicted by subjective norms. External factors (gender, age and personality traits) only moderated the predictive power of the Model by less than two percent. The Model was valid and reliable for the current data. The present study advanced resident-tourist interactive behavioural study by establishing a sound theoretical framework. It also consolidated the body of knowledge in understanding community attitudes towards tourism. Findings from this study have significant practical implications for community tourism planning and management.
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Botha, Belinda. "Travel motives of tourists to selected national parks in South Africa / B. Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6925.
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The tourism industry is becoming increasingly more competitive, making it essential
for tourism destinations to understand why tourists travel to specific destinations.
Travel motives are seen as important factors affecting tourist behaviour.
Understanding the travel motives of tourists is essential information for the
development of a tourism product and its marketing strategy. Tourists to different
destinations have different internal reasons for doing so, and wish to fulfil certain
needs. These needs motivate tourists to choose a certain destination and, therefore,
identifying the travel motives of tourists to tourism destinations will help the
destination to better target their marketing strategies to tourists with common
motives. The aim of this study is to determine the travel motives of tourists to
selected national parks in South Africa as well as to determine whether there are
differences and/or similarities between these motives. The parks concerned are the
Addo Elephant-, Augrabies Falls- and Golden Gate Highlands National Parks. This
will assist SANParks in their future marketing efforts and help to better understand
why the tourists choose to visit the respective parks.
A literature review regarding tourist behaviour was carried out to achieve Objective 1,
which was to conduct a theoretical analysis of tourist behaviour. The primary reasons
for understanding tourist behaviour are to be able to retain your customer for life, to
fulfil the tourists’ needs and to develop better target marketing strategies. To
understand tourists’ travel motives better, studying tourist behaviour becomes
important. The tourist’s decision-making process (that forms part of the tourism
behaviour model) is divided into six stages. These are, awareness of a need; seeking
information; evaluation of information; decision making; action or buying and postpurchase
evaluation. The tourist behaviour model consists of a number of factors that
influence this decision-making process, including internal (for example perception,
learning and motivation) and external (for example culture, social class and family)
influences as well as personal (race, gender and age) and market-related (climate,
economy and government) influencers. The most important influence relevant to this
study is motivation.
To achieve Objective 2, which was to conduct a theoretical analysis of travel motives
of tourists to nature based products, a literature review concerning the travel motives
of tourists was carried out. This revealed that a number of different travel motives to
tourism destinations have been identified. Internal needs motivate tourists to travel to
specific destinations, in the hope of fulfilling these needs. Research on travel motives
is based on a number of theories, and some of the important motives that arose
were: nature, wildlife, escape, relaxation, education, novelty, socialisation, family
recreation and destination attractions. In conclusion, there are similarities as well as
differences in the travel motives of tourists to different natural areas.
Objectives 3 and 4 included determining the profiles as well as the travel motives of
tourists to the selected national parks. Secondary data was used to determine the
profiles and travel motives of the tourists. The first section focused on the profiles of
the tourists, which proved to be quite similar in all three parks, with minor differences
regarding province of residence and the languages spoken. The second section
focused on the travel motives of these tourists, and a factor analysis was used to
extract six factors from the data. These factors were: relax and socialise, park
attractions, nature and wildlife, knowledge-seeking, photography and park activities.
The factors of tourists to each park were compared by means of a practical
significance test (ANOVA) to determine the differences in travel motives to each
park. The results revealed that certain travel motives were more important to certain
of the three selected national parks, for example: knowledge-seeking is more
important to tourists visiting the Addo Elephant National Park, relax and socialise is
more important to tourists visiting the Augrabies Falls National Park, and park
activities are more important to tourists visiting the Golden Gate Highlands National
Park.
By determining the differences and similarities in travel motives to the three selected
national parks, the aim of this study was achieved. The results are in agreement with
other researchers’ findings that there are a number of travel motives motivating
tourists to visit certain destinations, and this study determined that these motives
differ from destination to destination.Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Wolf, Isabelle Diana Felicitas Gudula Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Towards sustainable tourism in outback Australia: the behaviour and impact of nature-based tourists on vegetation and selected wildlife species." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44572.
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Nature-based tourism offers significant socio-economic incentives to successfully replace more intrusive land uses but also causes negative environmental impacts. Currently, knowledge is needed about the effectiveness of specific management actions such as the provision of different access modes and tour experiences at minimizing these impacts while maximizing visitor satisfaction. Nature-based tourism activities were studied in the species-rich gorges of the Flinders Ranges in Outback Australia. This study developed a conceptual framework of visitor-environment relationships, constructed a regional visitor profile, assessed visitor monitoring methods to quantify usage intensity in relation to the access mode (roads vs. hiking trails), examined changes in vegetation and bird communities in relation to usage intensity and access mode, tested effects of approach behaviour among driving vs. hiking tourists on kangaroo behaviour, and designed a framework for a night-time wildlife tour. The usage intensity of gorge sections was best determined from visitor numbers stratified by their behaviour, as the access mode fundamentally changed visitor behaviour in gorges. High compared to low usage recreational tracks altered species community composition, decreased total plant cover, increased non-native species cover, increased or decreased plant diversity depending on the track distance, increased soil compaction, and decreased bird numbers and species richness. Vegetation changes had secondary aversive effects on the bird community. The magnitude and spatial extent of these community impacts were greater along roads than trails. Visitor approach towards kangaroos varied with the access mode and necessitated individual recommendations for low-impact behaviour. The optimal night-time observation tour employed night-vision devices and bat detectors and coupled visitor satisfaction with low impact on wildlife. A range of factors (e.g., weather conditions) moderated the susceptibility of the wildlife to tourism disturbance. To protect wildlife and habitat along recreational tracks in arid-lands gorges, it is recommended to (1) monitor usage intensity and the identified impact indicators within their effect zone, (2) curtail gorge usage by restricting vehicle access to sections and regulating high impact activities (e.g., wild camping), (3) base environmental education upon scientifically tested low-impact visitor behaviour, and (4) engage with tourism operators in the design of low-impact, yet satisfying tours based on scientific principles.
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Heldt, Tobias. "Sustainable nature tourism and the nature of tourists' cooperative behavior : recreation conflicts, conditional cooperation and the public good problem /." Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5856.
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Borowa, Monika. "The demand for tourism services in Poland between 1990 and 2005." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1596.
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Tourism plays an important role in today’s world. More and more people leave all the issues and problems behind, and just travel to relax and experience something unique in their lives. The main research question of this paper has been created:
“Did consumer behaviour affect what services tourism companies provided in Poland between 1990 and 2005?”
The objective of this paper is to fill the lack of knowledge about tourism offerings in Poland. The purpose of this study is to investigate travellers’ preferences for facilities and services in analysed country between 1900 and 2005. This study also investigates if consumer behaviour affects what services tourism companies will provide.
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Cordero, Juan Carlos Monterrubio. "Residents' attitudes towards gay tourism sexual behaviour." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444032.
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Galliford, Mark. "Transforming the tourist : Aboriginal tourism as investment in cultural transversality." 2009. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/92157.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is an examination of Aboriginal cultural tourism based on interviews with national and international tourists. The research found that the opportunity for tourists to share personal intimacy with Aboriginal people often outweighed the attraction to the cultural aspects of the tours and that this can contribute to the discourse of reconciliation.
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Figo, Virgínia Maria de Carvalho Dias Lopes. "A model on tourist behaviour: destination image, visitor satisfaction and loyalty." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19883.
Full textAbstract:
In what concerns tourism research, there is an increasing interest in areas of
investigation as destination image, visitor satisfaction and loyalty, for both scholars and
practitioners. The present research goal was to develop a conceptual model for destination
image, visitor satisfaction and loyalty and validate its structure, as to gain insights on
visitors’ perceptions of destination image, its satisfaction and loyalty, having both
theoretical and managerial implications. With this aim, a web review collection approach
was selected and online reviews on the University of Coimbra and some of its buildings
(Joanine Library, Old Church of Coimbra, and Botanical Gardens) were manually
gathered from TripAdvisor. Two hypotheses were presented and tested through
qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The notion that destination image
influences visitor satisfaction, which in turn influences loyalty, in a positive manner was
statistically proven. Hence, the link between the variables is in accordance with the
literature. For practitioners, one of the main objectives of understanding the links between
the referred variables, is to understand how they are applicable to the destination itself.
As such, knowledge on destination image, its dimensions and its relationship with
satisfaction and loyalty is crucial so they can act upon that data. This research provides a
practical way to identify each monument image perception, as each monument set of
themes provides a general overview of the issues that matter the most to reviewers and
their experiences. Moreover, managers can understand which issues are seen as negative
and vice versa and act upon.No que respeita a investigação em turismo, existe um interesse crescente em áreas de investigação como imagem de destino, satisfação e lealdade do visitante, tanto para académicos como para profissionais. O objetivo do presente estudo passou por desenvolver um modelo conceptual com bases nessas áreas em investigação e validar a sua estrutura a fim de obter uma maior clareza quanto às perceções dos visitantes e consequentes implicações teóricas e práticas. Nesse sentido, foi adotada uma abordagem de recolha manual de comentários online, recolha essa de comentários relativos à Universidade de Coimbra e alguns dos seus edifícios como a Biblioteca Joanina, a Sé Velha, e o Jardim Botânico retirados do TripAdvisor. Duas hipóteses foram apresentadas e testadas através de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. A noção de que a imagem de destino influencia positivamente a satisfação do visitante, e que esta influencia positivamente a lealdade, foi estatisticamente comprovada. Assim, a relação entre as variáveis encontra-se de acordo com a literatura. Para os profissionais, um dos principais objetivos da compreensão destas relações é entender como aplicá-la ao destino turístico. Como tal, conhecimento sobre a imagem de destino, as suas dimensões e relação com satisfação e lealdade são cruciais para que estes possam atuar com base nesses dados. O estudo providencia uma forma prática de identificar a perceção da imagem de cada monumento, assim como a opinião geral, experiências e problemas mais identificados pelos visitantes. Os gestores podem ainda perceber quais as experiências que são vistas como negativas e vice-versa e atuar sobre elas.
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Hsiao, Yu-Lin, and 蕭鈺林. "The Influence of Place Branding on City Image and Tourist Consumptive Behaviour." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63493763719443406898.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
人力資源暨公共關係學系
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Cities, places and countries all over the world are faced with the effects that economic and cultural globalization, and are challenged by changes in their local economic, cultural and social pattern. One of these effects is increased competition among places. Fierce competition for resources, for business relocation, for foreign investment, for visitors, even residents is evident in today’s world, so many places have become aware of a need to be recognized and to stand out against other places. Therefore, places have to create the distinguishing features, or offer a healthy investment environment, and then keep the characteristic of places in stakeholders’ mind. Furthermore, it must make use of a more holistic programs than marketing strategy which only sell the places, as well as develop an integrative place branding strategy to attract tourists, factories, companies and talented people and even to find markets for their exports. This requires places to adopt conscious branding to create positive images if they are to compete effectively on the global stage. The aim of this research is to analysis the process of the development of the place branding strategy for Lu Kong, as well as the four main purposes of this research are: 1. To examine the influence of each subconstruct of place branding on city image. 2. To examine the influence of city image on tourist consumption behavior. 3. To examine the influence of each subconstruct of place branding on tourist consumption behavior. 4. To examine that city image as a intermediary variable between place branding and tourist consumption behavior. First, a pilot study of 50 tourists to test the reliability and validity of the all factor structures. Subsequently, a survey of 411 questionnaires from tourists in Lu Kong were collected, and we conduct an exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring to uncover the underlying factor structure of place branding as assessed in the formal test. Finally , we adopt the method of hierachical regression to examine our hypothesis. The conclusion of this research can be stated summarily is that the elements of place branding will help Lu Kong to create distinguishing features that is difficulty to imitate rather than a homogeneous mass in Taiwan. Also, the trend of place branding has caused a great mass fervor from cities to cities in Taiwan. To attract or satisfy tourists and gain their loyalty, the place branding strategy adopted to promote the tourism resources of Lu Kong, the establishment of the brand value by taking consumers’ experience and emotion into serious concern and by firmly building up a dominant brand. With all of these, it will make great reputation, loyalty, image and identification association comes along generally; furthermore, place branding will also help to build up the emotional relationships with tourists and create opportunities of continual consumption.
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Chiang, Che-Chao. "The influences of destination experiences on behavioural intentions : an investigation of MICE travellers in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30071/.
Full textAbstract:
Meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE) has emerged as a critical
component of Taiwan's tourism industry. However, capitalising on this growth has
presented destination tourism marketers with the challenge of understanding the
relationship between business and leisure related travel motivations. Previous research
has examined the role played by motivations and satisfaction in predicting travel
behaviour. However, the literature has not investigated how satisfactory MICE
experiences influence subsequent travel intentions, particularly in the case of leisurerelated
activities. To understand the connection between motivations, satisfaction and
future leisure travel intentions, the present research proposes a conceptual framework
which incorporates: means-end theory, functional theory, expectation-disconfirmation
model and Siegel and Ziff-Levine's (1990) model.
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(9178700), Jun Chen. "Incorporate Nudges into Walkability Design." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
The rising inactive lifestyle highlights the need to find efficient ways to tackle this worldwide lousy habit. Conventionally, polices of resolving healthy issues such as smoking and overeating focus on providing regulations and information, drawing on the assumption that people will change behavior when they consciously realize the harms and benefits. However, policy interventions have only shown limited success. On the other side, nudging, which assumes people act subliminally and aims to steer people in the right direction without limiting their freedom of choice, is suggested as a promising approach in lessening healthy issues. However, nudging interventions have not received sufficient attention in research so far, especially with regards to walkable designs that lead people to intend to walk instead of taking motor vehicles.
To bridge this gap, innovatively, the present study incorporates nudging techniques into walkability design. Nudging techniques include priming, salience, and norms. Priming is a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance. The present study primed participants with walking shoes in advance, expecting they have higher intention in walking in later experiments. Salience bias predisposes individuals to focus on items that are more prominent or emotionally striking and ignore those that are unremarkable. In order to generate salience bias, sidewalks of a street view on a black-and-white sketch were highlighted with colors. Then, the study displays the sketch with colored sidewalks to participants, expecting those with salience bias have a higher intention to walk. Norms are typical patterns of behavior, generally accompanied by the expectation that people will behave according to the pattern. The norm in this study delivered the information that most tourists are walking, expecting a participant who received the information will act consistently with the majority.
The research is based on a carefully designed online questionnaire with scenario-based experiments where participants imagined to be tourists. Research results reveal: 1) priming with walking shoes has significant effects on inspiring people to walk, 2) salient sidewalks nudge people to walk and warm colors like red even have more potential in encouraging walking, and 3) descriptive norms have potent effects on nudging walking, especially when added with identification information. Further, three mediators were identified to bridge the effect of salience on walking intention, namely visibility, excitement, and enjoyment. Visibility represents how noticeable the sidewalks are. Excitement indicates colored and un-colored sidewalks bring expected exciting or boring experience. Enjoyment is the degree of pleasure that participants perceived when imaging to walk on the sidewalks. Collectively, visibility, excitement, enjoyment, prime, and norms together play crucial roles in nudging people to walk. Additionally, females, exercise lovers, and hospitality and leisure industry workers tend to have higher intentions in walking while traveling.
Theoretically, the thesis adds new knowledge to interventions and deconstructions of tourists' walking intentions. Additionally, the study contributes to the refinement of descriptive norms and the literature of social comparison. Practically, the study implies that wellness resources need to be easily noticed by the public so as to make optimal use of healthy support. It also alarms tourism practitioners that besides improving tourists' health, wellness resources can become a pull factor of the tourist attraction and thereby bring tourism economic benefits.