Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism marketing'
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Clarke, Jacqueline R. "Sustainable tourism : marketing of farm tourist accommodation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261392.
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Тєлєтов, Олександр Сергійович, Александр Сергеевич Телетов, Oleksandr Serhiiovych Tielietov, and N. Ye Kosolap. "Marketing technologies in tourism." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28753.
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Beckerson, John George. "Marketing British tourism 1914-1950." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396715.
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Kananovich, Hanna. "Internet Marketing in International Tourism." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201669.
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The Masters thesis focuses on Internet activities implemented in the sphere of international tourism. The data for analysis was collected by the author during the years 2013-2015. Based on insights discovered during employment with Aqua Vita travel agency and information from specialized literature, the author conducts analysis of the current Internet marketing tools implemented by the company. Based on the results of the analysis, the author suggests several improvements for Aqua Vita travel s.r.o. The recommendations are aimed to increase the efficiency of the selected Internet marketing tools, to reduce costs and to improve the companys presence online.
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CHAULA, OBED HENRY. "TOURISM MARKETING INTERVENTION IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM : How can sustainable knowledge, attitudes and actions of tourism marketing organizations contribute to sustainability of tourism destinations?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76373.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing." Taylor & Francis Group, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655346.
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Tam, Yiu-wing. "A competitive analysis of the Hong Kong tourism industry : a marketing perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18835934.
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Meehan, Elizabeth. ""Marketing Ireland, marketing Irelands" : commodifying cultural identity in the tourism industry." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527972.
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Bartis, Hugh Henry. "Local tourism governance of destination marketing organisations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17799.
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Globally tourism is one of the biggest industries and its role is considered key in economic development. In South Africa, tourism is one of the main economic drivers. Thus, tourism contributes to the gross domestic product, generates foreign exchange and provides sustainable employment opportunities. In order to facilitate local economic development (LED), local destination marketing organisations (DMOs) need to ensure that their operations are geared towards optimising the economic advantages related to tourism growth and development. As a result the DMOs must be strategic and well-managed. One way of achieving this is to ensure that the board of directors and specifically the non-executive directors (NEDs) practise good governance. In South Africa, three (3) types of DMOs are found, namely those that are funded by local government and incorporated into the municipality. The second type of DMOs is funded by the private sector. The third type of DMOs is those funded by both the local government and the private sector. In this case, the DMO has an agreement with the local government in terms of what their mandate is and what the agreed outcomes would be. A board of directors, comprising both executive directors (EDs) and nonexecutive directors (NEDs) is responsible for the governance of the local DMO. The main research problem of the study is the attributes and experience of the nonexecutive directors that serve on the boards of DMOs in accordance with developmental standards of best practices. In order to address the main problem, the following research objectives were formulated: To identify best practice by examining the literature as to how NEDs are prepared to serve on boards of both listed and non-listed organisations. To determine whether any policy frameworks provide guidance to NEDs serving on DMOs in South Africa. To examine whether any training or preparatory programmes exist specifically for NEDs in DMOs. To investigate whether NEDs should have specific attributes that would improve their governance of DMOs. To develop a set of recommendations that would assist NEDs to play a more effective role when executing their responsibilities. In order to address these research objectives, a quantitative research methodology was adopted sampling all the DMOs in South Africa that could be identified and were governed by a board of directors. For this purpose, a self-completed questionnaire was distributed to the board of directors of DMOs and specifically the non-executive directors. The results of the study indicated that no guidelines existed that DMOs could follow to better prepare the NEDs of local DMOs. Furthermore, no policy frameworks provide guidance to NEDs serving on local DMOs. The only guidelines that exist are generic guidelines of the King IV Report for NEDs of listed and non-listed organisations. In addition, Pike (2016:108) listed a number of characteristics of good governance. The study also revealed that no training or preparatory programmes exist for the NEDs of local DMOs. Finally, the study highlighted five (5) attributes that NEDs consider as critical in fulfilling their obligations. These include the empowerment of NEDs, the commitment of NEDs, communication with NEDs, job satisfaction of the NEDs and the need for NEDs to understand policy frameworks relevant to their tasks.
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Hupp, Cassaundra. "Marketing strategies of Ohio agri-tourism businesses." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37083.
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Aktas, Gurhan. "Marketing cities for tourism : developing marketing strategies for Istanbul with lessons from Amsterdam and London." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2006. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10512/.
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The tourism sector is relatively competitive, with many destinations competing with each other to attract potential tourists. Destinations,such as urban areas,need to besold with a greater emphasis on marketing activities. In fact, as a bundle of products consumedby a range of tourists with different needs and motives for visiting, urban tourism destinations differ from traditional holiday resorts and require more specific attention from tourism organisations responsible for marketing their cities. This research focuses on the set tourism organisations and their marketing activities ranging from market research to advertising. Attention is also paid to the tourism sector as an initiative to alleviate the urban areas' problems.The concept of an urban tourism destination as a marketable product is assessed with particular reference to the case study cities of London, Amsterdamand Istanbul. Extensive literature review, in-depth interviews with key personnel and field studies were held in the case study cities as the main research methods of the investigation. Information on marketing plans of the cities; structural characteristics of tourism organisations both in the public and private sectors; marketing alliances between these organisations; marketing tools used by city destinations;the competitiveness of urban areas in the both international and domestic tourism markets are sought from the findings of the research methods. In addition, product life cycle analysis,carrying capacity analysis and SWOT analysis are applied to the cities with support of existing data in order to assess the urban tourism products in detail. It is anticipated that such a comparative study will shed some light on the marketing activities of tourism organisations and will help to develop optimal marketing strategies for the urban tourism product of Istanbul.
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Seaton, Anthony V. "Advances in market targeting in tourism marketing analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324114.
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Littlefield, Joanne. "Direct Farm Marketing and Agri-Tourism in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295857.
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Diekmann, Anya. "Bridging the gap: the relationship between heritage preservation and tourist consumption." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211073.
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Ascenção, MaÌrio J. Passos. "An analysis of tourism marketing contribution for sustainable tourism in a world heritage site." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442842.
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Tam, Yiu-wing, and 談耀永. "A competitive analysis of the Hong Kong tourism industry: a marketing perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268304.
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Köllen, Thomas, and Szabolcs Lazar. "Gay Tourism in Budapest: An Exploratory Study on Gay Tourists' Motivational Patterns for Traveling to Budapest." Scientific & Academic Publishing Co, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.tourism.20120103.01.
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In contrast to East European cities, West European cities have increasingly targeted gay and lesbian travelers as part of their tourism campaigns. In order to exemplarily analyze the potential of international gay tourism for Budapest, nineteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews with non-Hungarian gay travelers, about their motivation to come and their experiences, were conducted in different gay establishments in the city. One result of the study is that their motivations for travel did not differ from "mainstream tourists"; while their expectations about gay life in the city were negative, their experiences were mixed. Implications for Budapest's city-marketing are discussed. (authors' abstract)
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Ferreira, Daniel Petrus. "Push - and pull forces within outbound destination choice." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11091.
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Push- and pull forces are considered the most important motivational factors in driving tourism demand. Push forces are motivational forces that arise due to the individual’s need to travel, while pull forces are destination attributes which pull the traveller to the specific destination and in doing so they satisfy the need of the traveller. Understanding why people travel, how they go about selecting their holiday destination and why one country is preferred to the other, is vital to the continued success of the tourism industry. The needs and wants of travellers are constantly changing, therefore, it is imperative that tourism businesses excel at developing new products and services which are better suited to the needs of consumers. The primary objective of this study was to determine the push- and pull forces that influence outbound destination choice in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. The study investigated and analysed how the independent variables (push- and pull factors) influence destination choice (dependent variable). From a comprehensive literature review, a hypothetical model was developed to test the relationships between push-and pull forces and destination choice. Twelve hypotheses were formulated to test the relationship between four push forces, eight pull forces and destination choice. The study sought the perceptions of Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole residents and utitised the quantitative research paradigm. A survey was conducted with the aid of a structured self-administered questionnaire, distributed via e-mail and as a hard copy. A combination of convenience- and snowball sampling was utilised. The final sample comprised 302 respondents. The validity of the measuring instrument was ascertained by using exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha values for reliability were calculated for each of the factors identified during the exploratory factor analysis. The top ten destinations visited and intended to be visited were indicated. United Kingdom was the most visited international destination for both leisure and business purposes, while The United States of America was the most popular international destination to visit next for both leisure and business purposes. Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the correlation and significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent and dependent variables. Three statistically significant relationships were found between the push forces (physical and stature motivators and destination accessibility) and destination choice. Four statistically significant relationships were found between the pull forces (events, natural attractions, political issues and general infrastructure) and destination choice. The empirical findings further confirmed that an inter-relationship between push- and pull forces within destination choice does exist. However, pull forces influence push forces to a larger extent. Analysis of variance calculations were used to identify if significant relationships exist between the twelve demographic variables and nine reliable and valid independent variables. Furthermore, post-hoc Scheffè tests identified where the significant differences occurred between the different categories. Cohen’s d-values were calculated in order to assess the practical significance of the mean scores. A total of sixteen practical significant relationships were identified. Travel companies should compile travel packages and tours that serve the needs of both leisure- and business travellers. They can use social media as a communication- and promotion tool to entice travellers to specific destinations. The business travel packages should be all inclusive and include transportation, accommodation and even entries to events. The visual aids, utilised within the marketing material, should entice travellers to want to visit these destinations, and outline the favourable general infrastructure available. When marketing outbound destinations, travel service providers must pay attention to demographical variables such as gender, age, ethnical affiliation, income and marital status to compile travel packages that satisfy the needs of specific groups.
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Chen, Nai-Chieh Jessie. "Senior Japanese tourists to Taiwan and their marketing potential : a case study /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12085.
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Islam, S. M. Nazrul. "Tourism marketing in developing countries : a study of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25255.
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Tourism is a branch of the service sector which can bring a substantial influx of foreign visitors to both developed and developing countries. Bangladesh is an example of a developing country which can become an important destination for international tourists with its unique attractions. To make tourism successful, Bangladesh has to take advantage of the opportunities for tourism development, using marketing and promotional activities. The purpose of this study is to analyse the issues and challenges of tourism marketing in Bangladesh, with a key objective being to evaluate the effectiveness of this practice. This study has identified problems and limitations of tourism marketing activities undertaken by the tourism sectors in Bangladesh. Bangladesh tourism organisations lag far behind regional competitors in attracting a significant number of foreign tourists, mainly due to inadequate and ineffective promotional activities in domestic and overseas markets. Concepts of tourism marketing promotion, as well as developments in this area and its policy and planning for tourism in developing countries are used to provide a theoretical basis for the investigation. The study concludes that the promotional activities of the tourism industry in Bangladesh are seriously hindered because of a lack of financial support together with an insufficient marketing budget, low quality promotional literature, improper distribution of sales literature, a bad image of Bangladesh tourism, and improper and inappropriate marketing strategies for the potential promotion of Bangladesh. The study findings identify that, tourism stakeholders in Bangladesh need to use appropriate techniques to measure the effectiveness of their tourism marketing and promotional activities in order to attract a significant number of foreign tourists to visit Bangladesh. In addition, stakeholders may consider improving and developing their tourism promotional policies and adopting more effective promotional strategies to develop the tourism sector in Bangladesh. Only then may tourism in Bangladesh enter into a new era, with a solid footing and real sense of direction, in which case, the government of Bangladesh has to support effective marketing promotional activities through different media advertising to ensure the previously unsuccessful attempts to develop this sector will not be repeated. This study concludes with an assessment of the practical implications of the research and consequent recommendations which have been identified for the tourism organisations in Bangladesh.
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Miles, Peter Harry. "Philippine international tourism and the role of marketing communications." Thesis, University of Derby, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369901.
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Zhang, Xiaoyue. "National myths and tourism marketing in postcolonial Chinese destinations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813273/.
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This thesis explores national myths and tourism marketing in the postcolonial Chinese context, linking nation and nationalism studies with tourism studies. The symbolic foundation of a nation, its national myths and imagined common experiences has been challenged seriously by the increasing idea of heterogeneity, woven with fragmented, ambiguous and paradoxical discourses (Anderson 1991, Bouchard 2013, Foucault 1972, Özkirimli 2010). At the same time, tourism is increasingly recognised as a broader term related to social, cultural, political and historical understandings. In this sense, there is much more to tourism marketing than simply promoting a destination, as it has a “nationmaking” function. In this context, the thesis explores postmodern understandings of nation and examines how tourism transgresses boundaries. In particular, it discusses the symbiotic relationship between national myth-making and tourism marketing in the postcolonial Chinese destinations of Hong Kong and Macau. Both destinations are now Special Administrative Regions of the People’s Republic of China, following the handovers in the 1990s. This study analyses how their destination marketing in the subsequent years has discursively formed two unique imagined identities, based on their heritage and culture, different from and separate to China. The fieldwork for this qualitative inquiry was undertaken from August 2014 to February 2015 in Hong Kong and Macau. It combines semiotic discourse analysis of digital and print tourism promotional materials (in Chinese and English) with in-depth interviews with tourism stakeholders and cultural experts, in order to provide insights into different symbolic representations and their underlying power dynamics. The study demonstrates how Hong Kong discursively forms and enforces its national myths through demarking Chinese symbols. It also shows how Macau’s dependence on its more powerful neighbours of Hong Kong and China has determined its national myth of being “in-between”, defined in relation to China and Hong Kong. This study therefore contributes to conceptualisations of national myths and tourism marketing and suggests that tourism marketing not only reflects but plays a major role in nation-making processes.
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Strielkowski, W. "Innovations in tourism marketing: e-services and modern technologies." Thesis, Tkachov O.O, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47015.
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Nowadays, when a plethora of innovations found its way into the field of tourism marketing, the impact of the new technologies is likely to change the way international tourism will develop in the forthcoming decades (see Beeton, 2004; or Carl et al., 2007).
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Rioux, Yu Luo. "Marketing the revolution: Tourism, landscape and ideology in China." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303808.
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Hadinejad, Arghavan. "Destination Iran: An analysis of tourism marketing message characteristics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392374.
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Visitor attitude is a critical component that affects potential tourists’ decision making and, ultimately, destination choice. Tourism marketers seek to influence prospective visitors’ attitudes through reinforcing existing associations with the destination or creating new associations. In addition, marketers use persuasive marketing stimuli to affect associations with the destination. In particular, the design or characteristics of marketing stimuli such as the perceived credibility and emotive aspects exert a significant impact on potential tourists’ attitudes towards, and associations with, the destination. Furthermore, the characteristics of marketing messages can influence tourists’ cognitive and affective evaluations of a place, confidence in and consideration of a holiday destination.
Social psychologists believe that message characteristics influence attitude via three dimensions of thinking: the amount of thought; valence of thinking; and thought confidence. The assertion is that the cognitive engagement with a message and the favourability of thoughts, along with an individual’s confidence in their thoughts predict attitude. However, tourism scholars have investigated only the first two dimensions of thinking: the amount and valence of thoughts. Therefore, the role of thought confidence has been understudied in the tourism context. Thought confidence forms part of the self-validation hypothesis, which asserts that thought generation is not enough to influence attitude, rather people need to feel confident in their thinking (Petty, Briñol & Tormala, 2002). Although social psychologists have examined the influence of a number of variables on attitude, the role of emotion, and specifically emotional arousal, is not well discussed in the self-validation hypothesis literature. This thesis aims to fill the gap in the tourism and social psychology literature through adapting the main elements of previous theories of attitude – notably the elaboration likelihood model and heuristic systematic model - along with the self-validation hypothesis to study the effect of the three dimensions of thinking on attitude towards a less known tourism destination, Iran. To achieve that aim, this research applies a two-stage sequential design to manipulate the emotional arousal and perceived credibility of tourism stimuli and measures the effect of the three dimensions of thinking on attitude.
In order to manipulate the characteristics of an advertisement of Iran, a mock tourism marketing stimulus was created in Stage I. This stage involved two focus groups and Delphi panels to select the images and video segments of Iran to be included in a mock advertisement. The Delphi panellists and focus group members selected nine images of historical monuments, nature, and food along with segments of current videos of Iran to be included in the mock advertisement. Subsequently, the mock advertisement, that was created as a combination of selected photos and segments of videos was pilot tested from a representative sample of Australians to check the emotional arousal and perceived credibility manipulation. In particular, FaceReader, skin conductance, a questionnaire and post-hoc interviews were applied to assess the emotional arousal and source credibility manipulation. The results indicated that while the video with light rhythmic music was considered as a highly emotionally arousing video, the same video but without music was regarded as a low emotionally arousing advertisement. In addition, “A solo female traveller who visited Iran in 2017” was considered as a highly credible source and “A travel agency in Iran for promotional purposes” was believed to be a low credible one.
Stage II is the experiment phase (N = 416). In this stage, participants were randomly assigned to a two (emotional arousal: high or low) × two (source credibility: high or low) between subject factorial design. The results indicated that all three dimensions of thinking, the amount and valence of thoughts in addition to thought confidence, can positively affect potential visitors’ attitude towards the destination. The findings of the research also revealed that participants were more cognitively engaged with the stimuli and confident in their thoughts, and generated more positive thoughts and more favourable attitudes about Iran as a destination when the tourism stimulus was perceived as highly credible and evoked high levels of emotional arousal.
This thesis provides a number of contributions. Theoretically, the study adds value to the body of literature in social psychology by examining the role of emotional arousal in explaining thought confidence and attitude. There is also a contribution to the tourism literature by adapting the self-validation hypothesis from social psychology and adding a metacognitive aspect to attitudinal research in the tourism context. This research is also novel in exploring the effect of source credibility on attitude from a metacognitive perspective in the tourism literature. Methodologically, this research contributes to the tourism literature by its novel application of physiological tools - FaceReader and skin conductance - to analyse emotions elicited in response to tourism advertisements. From a practical perspective, the present study provides valuable feedback for destination managers and marketers, especially for the design of marketing stimuli. Managers of less-known destinations need to create emotionally arousing advertising in order to make potential visitors cognitively engaged with the stimuli, make them confident in their thoughts and thus exert a positive impact on subsequent attitude towards the destination. Furthermore, Iranian tourism practitioners can rely on the content and stories shared on social media by real tourists as credible references to encourage potential visitors to travel to their destination.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Dinan, Claire Rachel. "A marketing geography of sustainable tourism - with special reference to Devon, England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286578.
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Laing, Jennifer H., and Jennifer Laing@BusEco monash edu au. "EXTRAORDINARY JOURNEYS: MOTIVATIONS BEHIND FRONTIER TRAVEL EXPERIENCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TOURISM MARKETING." La Trobe University. School of Business, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20070516.142914.
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Tourists are now visiting some of the most remote and amazing places on Earth, travelling to �frontiers� on journeys that are psychological and emotional as well as geographical or physical. These extraordinary journeys to the Poles, the peaks of the highest mountains in the world, harsh deserts and even outer space test both physical and mental endurance and can be characterised as �unique� even in the current era. Travelling largely without the aid of a commercial tour operator or guide, the frontier traveller usually invests a great deal of time and resources in their travel experience, often with the assistance of sponsorship, and generally takes part in an extensive and arduous preparation period in their quest for the extraordinary. While the search for new and unique tourism destinations and experiences appears to be relentless in this post-modern era, the frontier traveller appears to be searching for the �authentic� beyond the �tourist bubble,� both in relation to self and setting. These frontier �trailblazers� are already being followed by guided adventure tourists and some of the former are supplementing their incomes and funding their own travel by leading tours or guiding others to the frontier. Studying the extraordinary experiences of the frontier traveller could therefore provide us with a glimpse of the future of travel, although likely to occur in a more structured and less risky guise. Uncovering the motivations for this form of travel will also assist with future marketing of these experiences, including elements of the marketing mix such as product development and promotion.
This thesis examines the motivations behind frontier travel and considers the implications of the findings for tourism marketing. Unstructured, long interviews with 37 individuals were used to uncover the motivations behind these experiences, supplemented by content analysis of narratives produced by frontier travellers, encompassing 50 autobiographies, two online diaries and online interviews with two individuals. The interview participants were largely selected through purposive sampling, in that they were screened as fitting the criteria of a past or potential frontier traveller before being interviewed. They were predominantly born and living in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, and 29 of the 37 individuals were male. Ages of participants ranged from 24 to 60 years of age. Interviews continued until saturation of categories of motivation had been reached. Texts were mainly located through searches of bookshops and libraries, including the author�s personal library. A qualitative methodological approach was chosen in order to provide rich data and allow the researcher to enter the world of the frontier traveller. An interpretive paradigm based on a constructivist paradigm underpinned this study, with an ontological stance based on multiple realities and an epistemological position where participants and myself as the researcher created understandings. The methodology outlined above was consistent with this position and was designed to identify different constructions of the data and seek consensus, where possible. The literature on motivations provides a complex plethora of theories and models, many of which contradict each other, so a principal objective of this study was to work from first principles, grounding a theory of motivations pertaining to frontier travel experiences in the data, rather than seeking to test out a pre-existing model or theory.
Overall, the research findings show that motivations for frontier travel can be analysed under the broad heading of �adventure,� which is composed of a variety of sub-motives such as achievement and competence, challenge, thrill-seeking and sensation, ego, dreams or fantasies, self-actualisation, cognizance (exploration/discovery), freedom/escape motives (autonomy), isolation and solitude, spirituality, camaraderie and communitas, authenticity, prestige (external rewards), pro-social motives and a love of nature and wilderness. Risk or danger is an element of these experiences and feeds into many of the motivations identified in this study. A theory of motivations behind frontier travel experiences has been developed, covering intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, as well as achievement-motivated behaviour. Pre-travel influences and inspirations such as literature, cinema, visual stimuli, childhood games, heroes and mentors, family influences and educative influences are also considered with respect to their effect on motivational behaviour. An exploratory typology was then developed for frontier travellers, based on common motivations, which might be used to segment the market. Four basic types have been identified and labelled or categorised as �Seekers of Truth,� �Enlightened Explorers,� �Concerned Elitists,� and �Freedom Seekers.� Key motivations behind specific frontier travel experiences have also been identified.
Each frontier traveller will exhibit some, but not all, of the motivations highlighted in this study. Segmenting the market on the basis of motivations may therefore be a difficult, if not impossible task. However, marketers could use the information unearthed during this study in the marketing mix to develop new products aimed at satisfying some of the key motivations and use the findings as themes to be highlighted in promotional literature such as brochures and websites. This thesis also argues that the study of travel motivations in the future would be better served by considering motivations behind market niches such as frontier travel, rather than attempting to develop a comprehensive theory of motivations covering the whole travel industry.
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Kwon, Jeamok. "Factors influencing residents' attitudes toward tourism marketing as a development strategy." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Community, Agriculture, Recreation, and Resource Studies, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 8, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-177). Also issued in print.
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Ghatnekar, Payal. "Persuasive technology in tourism online experiences and implications on tourist buying behaviour." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9648.
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Online User Experiences (UXs) act as persuasive technology that can nudge users toward making behaviour change. This makes online UX integral to marketing. The tourism industry relies on UX to attract potential customers. Made up of 80% SMEs, the competition is high, hence the SMEs must deliver robust UXs that capture, persuade and convert users into customers. Tourism, despite being an early adopter of technology lags behind in terms of delivering UXs that meet users’ expectations. Furthermore, scholarly works exploring online UX as a persuasive technology within the tourism SMEs, specifically the day-attraction SMEs segment, are lacking. Using the theoretical framework of the Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model, this research evaluates day attraction SMEs’ online UXs as persuasive technology. The research uses three mixed-methods to present the service providers’ and the users’ perspectives. The first method is a website content analysis that reviews the persuasive architecture of 102-day attraction websites. The second method uses questionnaires to get insights on tourists’ online usage, motivations, opinions and perceptions of online UX delivered by a single day attraction SME (case study). The third method, an eye tracking experiment is an extension to the questionnaires. The outcomes show that the SMEs’ incorporate persuasive UX elements corresponding to usability, visual aesthetics and credibility, but fail at incorporating strategies to support dialogue. The tourists’ suggest that usability, visual aesthetics and credibility UX elements affect their decision to buy, however, certain strategies that enhance dialogue, such as ability to win rewards, are likely to nudge them toward behaviour change. Furthermore, there appears to be a link between visual aesthetics and perceived usability, and their combined effect on persuasiveness. A final outcome establishes tourist’s website reading patterns, emphasising the placement of call-to-actions within an F-shape region. This research contributes through a customised version of the PSD model applicable for tourism SMEs, delivers empirical evidence suggesting additions to the model and, adds to the overall body of knowledge on tourism online UXs and persuasive technology.
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Kavunkil, Haneef S. "A model to explore the impact of tourism infrastructure on destination image for effective tourism marketing." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42201/.
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Tourism is no more an occasional past-time for wealthy and adventurous people. Nowadays, everyone is participating in the tourism industry, may it be a catering company, a hotel or an entertainment business. In fact, tourism has an impressive impact on its host country’s economy. It increases the growth rate, national profit, investment and country’s popularity as well, going from short term to long term improvements. The growing attention for quality from the customer perspective is an important development in the tourism industry. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) also endorses this advancement, and includes this as a major thrust area in its 'Tourism Vision 2020', which is a strategic thinking on priorities needed for countries seeking tourism development. Tourism infrastructure holds much potential to attract visitors and to enhance sustainability in tourism. Infrastructure plays a distinctive role in the development of this ever-expanding industry. The decision-making process concerning tourism destination selections is strictly related to the availability of tourism infrastructure. Tourism infrastructure acts as the push and pull market factors of the travel industry. In order to be successfully promoted in the targeted markets, a destination must be favourably differentiated from its competition, or positively positioned, in the minds of the consumers. A key component of this positioning process is the creation and management of a distinctive and appealing image of the destination through appropriate marketing strategy. Destination image is the most important factor which tourists value highly to determine their destination. Infrastructure directly impacts to form destination image, which can be the primary or secondary image of the destination. Previous experiences or information sources favour to form a destination image, which is considered as the pre visit image. Thus, there is a need for creating a post visit destination image to ensure repeat visitation and word of mouth publicity, which works as a catalyst for Destination Marketing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Infrastructure on destination image for effective Tourism Marketing. The study will specifically examine the impact of Infrastructure on two phases of the destination image: before actual visitation and after actual visitation and the study will also assess how the tourist satisfaction and tourist’s future intentions will impact Destination Marketing. This research has used the combination of quantitative and qualitative data methods and adopted an approach of observation, literature review, survey and case study to meet the objectives. The empirical study was carried out in Dubai, UAE. A case study of Dubai has also been chosen for this research to identify the context of the study “Tourism Infrastructure” in a wider perspective and also to provide an extra input for the direction of the overall research. The advanced technique of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM – SmartPLS) was used for the data analysis. Large scale survey questionnaire data were used to test the model and confirm the hypotheses. The findings confirm the impact of infrastructure on destination image in order to facilitate effective tourism marketing. The research makes several significant theoretical and managerial contributions. This study which is specifically related to the impact of Infrastructure on destination image is a relatively new concept or is rarely reported. Therefore, this study would contribute to the tourism infrastructure and marketing literature. A further contribution to knowledge is the study’s investigation of the impact of Infrastructure on two phases of the destination image: before actual visitation and after actual visitation to assess how the tourist satisfaction and tourists future intentions will influence Destination Marketing. This is the first study to empirically test a model comprising of these particular concepts within this specific context. Tourism Infrastructure and Destination Image are considered essential inputs in the destination marketing efforts, and this forms the major focus of the study.
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Al-Rachkidi, Nour Hanna. "Le rôle potentiel des aéroports dans la promotion des pays comme destination touristique : Le cas de l’aéroport international de Beyrouth." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G014/document.
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Nous tentons dans ce travail d’étudier le rôle de l'Aéroport International de Beyrouth (BIA) dans la promotion du Liban comme destination touristique. De même, nous cherchons à identifier les facteurs qui affectent la satisfaction des touristes à l'aéroport autant pendant leur arrivée que pendant leur départ. En outre, nous accordons une importance particulière à l'étude et l'identification de la relation entre le rôle de l'aéroport d’une part et l'image de la destination d’une autre part. Nous identifions ainsi les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la décision du touriste, de visiter une telle destination ou de s’y retournerThis research investigates the role of Beirut International Airport (BIA) in marketing Lebanon as touristic destination and to identify the factors that have influence on tourists’ satisfaction at airport during arrival and departure stages. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on investigating and identifying the existing relationship between the airport role and the destination image and reputation by pinpointing the factors that might affect tourist decision to visit or re-visit the destination
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Suryawardani, I. Gusti Ayu Oka. "Tourism leakage of accommodation in Bali." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010071/document.
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Le tourisme est le fer de lance de l'économie balinaise. Mais, les fruits de cette économie du tourisme ne bénéficient pas à toutes les classes de la société balinaise. Cela est dû, entre autres, au manque à gagner lorsque cette industrie importe par exemple des produits ou des services pour répondre aux besoins des touristes (alimentation pour la restauration par exemple). Le calcul du manque à gagner pour l'économie balinaise n’a jamais été fait auparavant. Pour cela, cette recherche est nécessaire. Les objectifs de la recherche étaient : de calculer le manque à gagner pour l'économie balinaise dans le secteur du logement pour les touristes en micro-économie (niveau industriel) ; d'estimer le manque à gagner pour le tourisme balinais dans le secteur de l'hébergement touristique en macroéconomie (au niveau provincial) ; d'évaluer l'impact de la subvention gouvernementale et la réduction des importations dans l' industrie du tourisme, les opportunités d'emploi et la distribution des revenus ; d'évaluer la perception et le choix des touristes internationaux face aux offres de produits importés et locaux, et aussi d'évaluer l'opinion des touristes sur le constat : est-ce que les dépenses des touristes pendant leur voyage à Bali bénéficient à la société balinaise ? ; et d'évaluer les opinions des gestionnaires des hôtels sur l'utilisation des produits importés et des produit locaux pour la consommation des touristes ; de créer une stratégie afin de minimiser le manque à gagner dans le secteur du tourisme pour l'économie balinaise. La recherche est basée sur les approches quantitatives et qualitatives. Les données primaires ont été recueillies par la méthode du sondage sur quatre destinations touristiques, à savoir : Kuta, Nusa Dua, Sanur et Ubud, auprès d'un échantillon de 79 hôtels selon la méthode de probabilité proportionnelle à la taille qui est divisée en trois échantillons en grappes : hôtels classés 1, 2 et 3 étoiles ; hôtels classés 4 & 5 étoiles et hôtels privés (non-chain) ou appartenant à une chaine hôtelière (chain) ; hôtels non-classés. Nombre de répondants 600 touristes internationaux qui étaient en vacances à ce moment-là. Le calcul du manque à gagner dans l'analyse micro a été mené selon la méthode d'Unluonen et. al. (2011), tandis que l'analyse macro a été faite selon la méthode de Thorbecke (1988) en utilisant l'approche de la matrice de comptabilité sociale (MCS) de la province de Bali de l'année 2010. La perception et le choix des touristes internationaux vis-à-vis des produits importés et locaux ont été analysé selon le logiciel JMP tandis que les stratégies de la minimisation du manque à gagner dans l'économie touristique balinaise ont été créées selon la méthode de l'ISM (interpretive Structural Modelling). [...] Les touristes internationaux choisissent de façon significative les produits locaux et ils sont prêts à dépenser leur argent au bénéfice des populations locales. Les gestionnaires des hôtels sont prêts à utiliser les produits locaux tant que l’offre est suffisante pour remplacer les produits importés. Les stratégies pour minimiser le manque à gagner pour le tourisme à Bali : optimiser les potentiels des produits locaux ; développer l'agriculture et l' élevage, réduire les produits importés pour la consommation des touristes, augmenter l'exportation des produits locaux, augmenter la qualité des produits locaux ainsi que la qualité des ressources humaines locales, renforcer la société locale, inciter le gouvernement à mettre en œuvre une politique de minimisation du manque à gagner dans l'économie touristique, limiter les investissements étrangers dans le secteur du logement touristique, stabiliser les fluctuations des taux de change, augmenter le rôle du Ministère des affaires étrangères, du ministère de l'industrie, du Ministère du commerce ainsi que le rôle du Ministère du tourisme et de l'économie créative afin de réduire ledit manque à gagnerTourism has become the leading economic sector in Bali Province of Indonesia. However, the economic impacts of tourism have not been convinced to be full y beneficial for Balinese community. One of the reasons is tourism leakage that occurs when the industry imports both products and services to support tourism industry in Bali. So far, the amount of tourism leakage in Bali has not been calculated yet. Therefore, there is a need to ascertain the current amount of leakage in Bali tourism. The objectives of the study are: (i) to calculate the amount of tourism leakage from accommodation sector in Bali at micro (industrial) level; (ii) to calculate the amount of tourism leakage from accommodation sector in Bali at macro (regional) level; (iii) to evaluate the impacts of government subsidies and import reduction by accommodation sector on tourism leakage, job opportunity and income distribution; (iv) to evaluate the perception and preference of foreign tourists on imported and local products as well as the willingness of foreign tourists to spend their money to benefit of Balinese people; (v) to evaluate the points of view of hotel managers related to imported and local products as well as their willingness in reducing the use of imported product and (vi) to develop strategies in minimizing tourism leakage in accommodation in Bali. Research was designed through quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was collected by using survey method at four main tourist destinations in Bali, namely: Kuta, Nusa Dua, Sanur and Ubud. There were 79 hotels selected based upon probability proportional to size sampling method which consists of three clusters namely 1,2,3 Star-rated, 4&5 Star-rated either chain and non-chain and Non Star-rated hotels. The number of respondents was 600 foreign tourists were selected as respondents. Calculation of tourism leakage on micro analysis was undertaken by using a method developed by Unluonen, et. al. (2011), meanwhile, on macro analysis was carried out by using a method proposed by Thorbecke ( 1988) which was based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Bali 2010. Perception and preference of foreign tourists on imported and local products were analyzed by using JMP program, meanwhile, Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) was undertaken to develop strategies. The results show that based on the micro analysis, the highest tourism leakage of accommodation sector in Bali is at 4&5 Star-rated chain hotels (51.0 %), followed by 4&5 Star-rated non-chain hotels (22.7 %), 1,2&3 Star-rated hotels (12.0 %), Non-star rated hotels (8.8 %), and with the average leakage of 18.8 %. Based on macro analysis, tourism leakage of accommodation sector in Bali are as follow: (i) Leakage of Non Star-rated hotels is 2.0 %; (ii) Leakage of 1,2&3 Star-rated hotels is 15.7 %; (iii) Leakage of 4&5 Star-rated non-chain hotels is 7.1 %, (iv) Leakage of 4&5 Star-rated chain hotels is 55.3%; and (v) Average leakage of all types of accommodation is 19.5%. Foreign tourists significantly look for local products and are willing to spend their money for Balinese people. Hotel managers are willing to use local product as long as local products are available to substitute the imported products. Strategies for minimization tourism leakage are optimizing the potential of local products, develop agriculture and livestock; reduce the use of imported products for tourists, improve quality of local products and human resources, empower community, urge government to develop and implement supporting policies in minimizing tourism leakage, establish policy on restriction of foreign investment on accommodation in Bali, improve the role of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Trade and Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. 7 Ps of marketing mix on service: product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence need to be implemented in order to support sustainable tourism in Bali
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Rao, Ulhas. "Adoption and Non-Adoption: Profiling Internet Usage among Tourists to New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2620.
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Since the explosion of the internet as a business medium, one of its primary uses has been marketing. The advantages of using the internet for business-to-consumer transactions are clear. The openness of the internet is creating opportunities for virtually all companies across various industries. The words 'internet', 'World Wide Web', 'www' or the 'web' refer to the same thing and are used interchangeably within this research study. The tourism industry is also experiencing a rapid adoption of the internet technology for marketing travel products and services. As a destination New Zealand is a small country comprising two main land masses and smaller outlying islands, with a population of about 4 million people (Statistics New Zealand 2004). Tourism is promoted as an essential part of the national economy, particularly to earn foreign exchange and generate employment. The number of international tourists visiting New Zealand is 2.2 million (Tourism New Zealand, 2006). In New Zealand almost all regional tourism organizations (RTOs) have a web presence, thereby exposing potential tourists to an array of destinations to visit. However, there are few New Zealand based studies that profile tourists based on their internet adoption and the differences between internet users and non-users. The question that baffles every business manager is what predisposes consumers to use a website? This is the fundamental question that motivated the study. While usability does play a major role in the adoption and use of a particular website, it is outside the scope of this project, otherwise the scope would have been too large and complicated to permit a useable questionnaire given the other concerns about respondents' past experiences and attitudes toward use of the net for the specific purposes of holiday purchases. The study draws upon innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and more recent conceptualizations of IT adoption behaviour to examine differences among Rogers' (1995) adoption categories. Within this context, 'adoption' refers to the stage in which a technology is selected for use by an individual. 'Diffusion' refers to the stage in which the technology spreads to general use and application. For this study an attempt is made to create a behavioural profile of visitors based on a sample of 517 overseas visitors to New Zealand. Visitors were asked to complete a questionnaire and provide information on their demographics, travel related behaviour, internet usage patterns, perceptions of the internet and online shopping in general. The thesis thus describes the initiation and evolution of an empirical research project, which investigates the adoption and diffusion of internet technologies amongst international visitors to New Zealand. The study was launched in an attempt to: 1) learn more about internet usage by visitors to New Zealand; 2) create a psychographic profile of visitors; 3) attempt to empirically validate the technology acceptance model (TAM); and 4) fill a noticeable void so that future researchers on IT and internet adoption by tourists in New Zealand have a foundation and starting point. Most of the previous research related to TAM has been in workplace related situations while studies in tourism have used students as subjects, rather than actual visitors to a particular destination (Shang et al., 2005, Moon and Kim, 2001, Klopping and McKinney, 2004). Specific market studies undertaken by destination marketing organisations or regional tourism organisations were considered only inasmuch as they aided generalization as place specificity hindered conceptual development pertaining to themes of adoption and general usage patterns. The study seeks to build on Rogers' (1995) seminal work on the diffusion of innovations and make a unique contribution to existing diffusion studies by its focus on the individual visitors as the unit of analysis and by its test of the TAM model. This study presents descriptive results via standard statistical analysis, a cluster analysis of users and a structural equation modelling of the TAM applied within a context of international visitors to New Zealand. The data were collected at major locations - the viaduct basin in Auckland and the international departure lounge at the Christchurch International Airport. The two locations were chosen to enable faster data collection. Initially the data was gathered at the viaduct basin in Auckland but the number of respondents was not many. Since the data collection was slow, decided to collect from Christchurch International airport where departing passengers could be approached. Individual passengers/tourists were approached and a screening question to ascertain if they were visitors or not was asked. If they were visiting, then they were asked to participate in the survey. No prior specific screening was undertaken to determine if they had used internet or not for their trip/travel to New Zealand. However, subsequent analysis shows that only 2.3% of the sample had not used the internet, and 31% of the sample had not bought tourism products or services over the internet. Therefore, overall, experience and internet usage was not uncommon for the majority of the sample, but a large proportion of non-users existed to permit comparative analysis. While there is a bias towards males in the sample, the 19-35 years age group was slightly more numerous for both genders, than were other age groups. The results indicate that mean internet usage is comparatively high, as is familiarity with many electronic consumer durables. The sample possesses a bias toward English speaking countries, younger people and educationally higher qualified people. Internet search engines seem to be the most popular source of search. The socio-demographic variables such as age, gender and educational attainment appeared to be but a moderate influence on general internet usage and thus on the use of the internet for booking holidays. Factor analysis of the attitudinal statements revealed six factors, which accounted for about 60 % of the total variance. The clear emergence of factors enabled the development of clusters. The clusters appear to have significance with reference to usage rates of internet. The home ownership of electronics shows a high percentage of respondents had mobile phones. This implies that New Zealand Tourism has to look at options or possible services it can introduce to market to these people who could be using mobile devices not only in their country but also while travelling in New Zealand. Wireless is another important development in the field of technology and many of the tourism DMO in other developed countries in Europe and US are adapting approaches based on these technologies to market to potential customers.
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Vari, Alexandru I. "Commercialized modernities : a history of city marketing and urban tourism promotion in Paris and Budapest from the nineteenth-century to the inter-war period /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174687.
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Lahoud, Pascale. "Resident behavior towards marketing tourism development in the Middle East." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12010.
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L'industrie du tourisme se caractérise dans le monde par une courbe de croissance exponentielle entraînant ainsi un boom économique et un grand nombre de prestations sociales pour les villes et pays. Les retombées économiques ont conduit de nombreux endroits à devenir des destinations touristiques. L'un des rôles les plus importants de la croissance du tourisme sont les résidents des villes (Butler, 1980 ; Murphy, 1985). Aujourd'hui, de nombreux chercheurs ont ajouté que lorsque les planificateurs et les développeurs créent une stratégie de marketing, ils doivent prendre en considération les perceptions, les opinions et les attitudes de la population locale, donc les responsables du marketing devraient se concentrer sur les habitants pour élaborer la stratégie de campagne de marketing et de promotion dédiée au tourisme (Liu et Wall, 2006). Le Liban dans les années 60 et 70 était connu pour être l'une des destinations touristiques les plus en vogue dans le monde, après les années 70 la guerre civile a dévasté le pays et son économie, ce qui est loin d'être terminé en 2014. Cette thèse portera sur la participation des résidents dans la campagne de marketing et de promotion touristique et pas comme les autres recherches qui soulignent la participation des habitants à l'égard du développement du tourismeThe tourism industry has been on an exponential curve of growth worldwide, which resulted in an economic boom and a lot of social benefits for the cities and countries. This economic fallout has led many places to become tourism destinations. One of the most important roles of tourism growth are the residents (Butler, 1980; Murphy, 1985). Nowadays researchers added that when planners and developers are creating a marketing strategy, they have to take into consideration the perceptions, opinions and attitude of local residents, therefore marketers should concentrate on the residents to develop the strategy of marketing and promotion campaign dedicated to tourism (Liu & Wall, 2006). Lebanon during the 60’s and 70’s was known to be one of the best touristic destination in the world, after the 70’s the civil war has devastated the country and its economy and this is far from over in 2014. This thesis will focus on the involvement of the residents toward the tourism marketing and promotion campaign and not like other research that stress its study on the involvement of residents toward tourism development
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Moustafa, Mohamed Ali Yousef. "Evaluating the potential of mobile technology in tourism destination marketing." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/3273.
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Tourism destinations face various challenges in the implementation of mtechnologies and although mobile applications are used by some destinations, many are in their early stages of development. Few destinations have yet managed to develop credible mobile services. In particular, small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs), which are the backbone of the tourism industry, have struggled to embrace new technologies, e.g. e-commerce applications, which has prevented them from benefiting from new technologies. It is unclear which business model will emerge to make mobile services viable. This study aims to explore the way that tourism destinations deal with these issues and will develop a mobile information model integrated with a mobile destination coding system to help tourism stakeholders optimise their exploitation of mtechnologies. This research comprised two phases. Phase one aimed to explore organizations that had implemented m-technologies. It employed a case study methodology utilising a variety of methods (semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis). Phase two aimed to design a destination mobile information coding system. To achieve this paper prototyping interviews with m-technology and tourism experts were used. Phase one involved two case studies: Innsbruck as a case study for a tourism destination that had already implemented many m-technology applications for visitors; Cardiff Bus and Traveline as organizations that had implemented mtechnologies. Cross-case analysis informed the development of a model for tourism destination stakeholders, particularly SMEs, to encourage better mtechnology practices in tourism destination marketing. It concludes with a model for mobile information provision for tourism destination. The major contribution of this research is Tourism Mobile Information Coding System (TMICS) - a mobile coding information system which aims to provide tourists with destination information through their mobile phones. It is anticipated that the new system will enhance tourism destination stakeholders marketing efforts.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Guía de acceso para Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing." Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655346.
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Rahmanov, F., Наталія Євгенівна Летуновська, Наталия Евгеньевна Летуновская, Nataliia Yevhenivna Letunovska, Олексій Валентинович Люльов, Алексей Валентинович Люлев, and Oleksii Valentynovych Liulov. "Marketing of social tourism." Thesis, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80939.
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Автори досліджують проблеми маркетингу соціального туризму як рушійного інструменту забезпечення регіонального соціально-економічного розвитку. У рамках концепції соціального туризму взаємодіє велика кількість суб’єктів місцевого ринку, тому доцільно звернути увагу на його дослідження. У рамках дослідження висувається гіпотеза про те, що та ж сама регіональна структура, що розвивається у сфері соціального туризму, сприймається суб'єктами, які з нею взаємодіють. Зокрема, сприймана якість послуг та рівень доступної інформації будуть різними для представників різних регіонів однієї національності. Було проведено опитування респондентів, які користувалися послугами типового регіонального суб’єкта господарювання, що надає медичні послуги для місцевих жителів, працівників містоутворюючого промислового підприємства та населення України. Відповіді проаналізовані з використанням програми Smart PLS. Було обрано цільову зовнішню та внутрішню змінні моделі. Автори отримали дискретні результати. В обох випадках однаковим результатом був коефіцієнт рішучості, який визначав лояльність споживачів. У той самий час для респондентів з інших регіонів змінні, що визначали їхні очікування від майбутнього споживання послуг, були більш важливими. Для працівників підприємства фактично сприймана якість послуг була вирішальною. У першому випадку переважає емоційна та інформаційна підтримка надання послуг, а у другому - раціональні мотиви споживання. Така психологічна особливість сприйняття послуг повинна враховуватися регіональним бізнесом у сфері соціального туризму при формуванні маркетингових програм розвитку.Авторы исследуют проблемы маркетинга социального туризма как движущего инструмента обеспечения регионального социально-экономического развития. В рамках концепции социального туризма взаимодействует большое количество субъектов местного рынка, поэтому целесообразно обратить внимание на исследование этой категории. В рамках исследования выдвигается гипотеза о том, что одинаковая региональная структура, развивающаяся в сфере социального туризма, воспринимается субъектами, которые с ней взаимодействуют. В частности, воспринимаемое качество услуг и уровень доступной информации будут различными для представителей разных регионов одной национальности. Был проведен опрос респондентов, которые пользуются услугами типичного регионального предприятия, предоставляющая медицинские услуги для местных жителей, работников градообразующего промышленного предприятия и населения Украины. Ответы проанализированы с использованием программы Smart PLS. Самостоятельно избраны целевые внешние и внутренние переменные модели. Авторы получили дискретные результаты. В обоих случаях одинаковым результатом был коэффициент решимости, который определял лояльность потребителей. В то же время для респондентов из других регионов переменные, которые определяли их ожидания от будущего потребления услуг, были более важными. Для работников предприятия фактически воспринимаемое качество услуг было решающим. В первом случае преобладает эмоциональная и информационная поддержка предоставления услуг, а во втором - рациональные мотивы потребления. Такая психологическая особенность восприятия услуг должна учитываться региональным бизнесом в сфере социального туризма при формировании маркетинговых программ развития.
The article explores the issues of social tourism marketing as a driving tool for ensuring the growth of regional socio-economic development. Within the concept of social tourism, a large number of local market entities interact, so it is appropriate to pay attention to its research. Within the study, the authors give hypothesize that the same regional entity that develops in the field of social tourism is perceived differently by subjects that interact with it. In particular, the perceived quality of services and the level of available information will be different for representatives of different regions of the same nationality. A systematic survey of respondents who used the services of the typical regional business entity providing health services for locals, employees of the city-forming industrial enterprise, and the population of Ukraine was conducted. One uses the Smart PLS program to analyze the answers of a marketing survey. It was selected the target outer and inner model variables. The authors obtained discrete results in two cases of analyzes. The same result in both cases was the coefficient of determination that determined customer loyalty. At the same time, for the respondents from other regions, the variables that determined their expectations from the future consumption of services were more important. For the local entities and employees of the enterprise, the actual perceived quality of services was crucial. In the first case, emotional and informational support for service provision prevails, and in the second case, rational motives for consumption. Such a psychological feature of service perception should be taken into account by regional businesses in the field of social tourism while formating their marketing programs of development.
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Pan, Ching-Fen, and 潘靜芬. "Customer Participation in Tourism Marketing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22866771976594377103.
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碩士國立中山大學
國際經營管理碩士班
99
Recent tourism marketing development has highlighted the importance of customer participation. Owing to experience-seeking and use of internet, customers start to behave themselves as value co-creators, which offers greater opportunities for service providers and benefit customers themselves as well. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors that contribute to customer participation and examine how customer participation effects relationship marketing in the tourism sector. The author proposes a model, in which communication, customer expertise, affective commitment and interactional justice are assumed to increase the extent to which customers participate in the service delivery. Furthermore, customer participation may increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. A survey was conducted based on travel agency service. In total 152 people who had experience working with travel agency participated in the survey. The testing results showed that the model is fully supported. Firstly, all antecedents, including communication, customer expertise, affective commitment and interactional justice, relate positively to customer participation. Secondly, customer participation enhances customer satisfaction and loyalty. Meanwhile, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Thus, the findings provide managers in the tourism with valuable insights that firms can increase their competitive advantage through enhancing customer participation.
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Kay, Pandora. "Determinants of cultural event tourist motivation." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15615/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the determinants of tourist motivation to ascertain the new audience potential of Western and Asian tourists for locally-based, cultural attractions and events, and the associated effective marketing strategies necessary to attract these tourism markets.
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Chen, Wei-Cheng, and 陳威丞. "A Study on Tourism Marketing Strategy for Chinese Tourists Traveling to Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ycf9pt.
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碩士崇右影藝科技大學
經營管理系
106
Chinese tourists have become one of the main sources of customers for the tourism industry in Taiwan, which is substantial progress achieved via cross-Strait exchange. For Chinese tourists to experience better service quality and travel itineraries in Taiwan, it is necessary to further understand the needs of Chinese tourists and their impressions of Taiwan tourism and then raise the value of their tourism. This study utilized a questionnaire, with Chinese tourists traveling to Taiwan as the subjects. A total of 450 questionnaires were issued for the sampling survey, and 407 valid questionnaires were collected, representing a valid response ratio reaching 90.44%. The marketing strategies, tourism impressions, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions of Chinese tourists traveling to Taiwan were analyzed to understand their opinions, and the correlation between each dimension was ascertained. Analysis results are as follows: marketing strategy has a significant positive effect on tourism impressions, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions; customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on behavioral intention; tourism impression has a significant positive effect on behavioral intention and customer satisfaction; background variables result in significant differences in each dimension.
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Chiang, Fang-Mei, and 江芳美. "The Strategy of Tourism Marketing for Tainan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46718946897303300118.
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碩士國立中山大學
高階公共政策碩士班
93
ABSTRACT The tourism and technology have the highest potential among all the industries for the 21st century. The tourism (services) industry is an industry without chimney which can replace the traditional industry. The city and county governments of Taiwan are using “City marketing” to promote the tourism by combining the tourism resources and city activities in order to establish the “city image / brand” and create the brand value. A strong brand value can accumulate reputation and loyalty for the city services by the confirmation of consumers. This paper will study the cultural city “Tainan” which is developed earliest in Taiwan. With abundant historic relics, Tainan don’t have unique advantages when comparing with Yilan county of northern Taiwan and Pingtung county of southern Taiwan. This study, The Strategy of Tourism Marketing for Tainan, will analyze (a) the tourism and city activities of Tainan, (b) the tourism of Taiwan, (c) the foreign visitor statistics, (d) the successful cases of domestic and foreign promotions in order to investigate the hobbies of touring and visitors. This study will adopt “city marketing”, “bench marketing”, and “ basic theory of SWOT”. For the “city marketing”, we will promote Tainan as a product. The advantages of “bench marketing” are the learning of the outstanding strategy or process from the other business of tourism marketing which can verify the self executing conditions and the problems. The “ basic theory of SWOT” can analyze the existing resources of Tainan and understand the “Strengths/Opportunities” and “Weaknesses/Threats” in order to verify the target and self-position. A 4P strategy will be set for the “differentiated marketing” of the target strategy. Keywords: City marketing, Bench marketing, Differentiated marketing, SWOT
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Nien, Li-Ching, and 粘麗菁. "Study on the strategy of tourism marketing." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39222597693089440255.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
97
The government has invested a large amount of effort into tourism development positively in Wang Gong Area since the beginning in the eighties.The tourism development not only is affected by natural environments , humanity landscape, native history and physical facilities, the idea of marketing-oriented to meet the demand of consumers has become the key to success. This study suggests rethinking Wang Gong tourism development strategies from the concept of marketing-oriented, and develops specific viable strategies. The results are summarized as follows: 1.It has a rich tidal flat ecology in Wang Gong Area. The one and only history culture and living environment make it a place full with its unique culture. And cultivating oyster on the shallow sea area has been the long-living and characteristic local industry. 2.The tourists to Wang Gong Area are mostly engaged in industrial business and service affairs, young adults with university/collage education background, an income between NT $ 20,000 ∼ NT $ 40,000, travelling with family members, and residents of Zanha, Weunlin, Ghai Area. Most of the travel information which tourists get are form TV and most of the motor vehicles that tourists take are four-door saloon car. 3. The food expense for each tourist is between NT $201∼NT $300 in Wang Gong Area. And tourists who are intent to buy souvenirs and other special products are about 30%. Tourist groups, travelling with family members, older tourists, and people from further places are the groups of people who are more willing to buy souvenirs, and they are willing to purchase if the price is between NT$201∼ NT$400. 4.The tourist degree of satisfaction in Wang Gong Area highest first three are in order: (1)The tidal zone is vast, and has infinite extends of vision experience. (2)The evening glow of Wang Gong Area is certainly the good vision enjoyment. (3)The bridge of Wang Gong Area and the lighthouse provide a good scene for tourists to take a picture. Degree of satisfaction lowest latter three are in order: (1)The website to introduce Wang Gong Fishery Wharf is easy to inquire, and the information is rich. (2)The environments and restrooms of Wang Gong Fishery Wharf are clean. (3)The environments of stores are clean, hygiene, and make one feel comfortable. 5.In the suggestions with the eleven newly added activities for the future of Wang Gong Area , the top six are as follows: (1)environment-friendly bicycle tour, (2)oyster farming ecology visit bringing in field trip courses, (3)family-oriented day-trip summer camp, (4)oyster farming houses for lovers on the sea, and inland sea kayaking tour, (5)the trends of the uniform culture for the snack waiters, (6)the oyster festival. 6.To be good for the tourism development of Wang Gong Area, the study suggests 6 strategies of marketing-oriented, and 27 supplementary measures.
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Oliveira, Ana Margarida Resende Matos Borges de. "Tourism in Lisbon : evaluating the marketing impact." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23268.
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Lisbon became a popular destination among foreign visitors and so the tourism industry has
evolved in a significant and positive way during the past years. It evolved into one of the
most important industries in Portugal and consequently into one important component of the
country’s economy.
Turismo de Portugal is the Portuguese organization in charge of promoting Lisbon as a
tourism destination. In order to attract more tourists and continue to evolve, the organization
felt the need to adapt to nowadays’ reality and define a new strategy when it comes to
promote Lisbon to the visitors of the world.
The aim of this dissertation is to study Lisbon as a touristic destination and understand its
impact on the residents.
This dissertation provides an overview of Lisbon’s main features and characteristics as a city
as well as the evolution of tourism. The focus of the case study is the new strategic marketing
plan for promoting Lisbon as a travel destination, developed by Turismo de Portugal, and it is
decomposed in four main parts: objectives, product, markets and promotion.
Furthermore, this dissertation addresses the impact of tourism on residents with the analysis
of the results of a survey targeting only Lisbon’s residents in order to understand their attitude
and perspective towards tourism.Lisboa tornou-se um destino popular para os turistas estrangeiros e portanto, a indústria do turismo tem evoluído de maneira significativa e positiva durante os últimos anos. Evoluiu de maneira a tornar-se uma das mais importantes indústrias de Portugal e consequentemente uma importante componente da economia do país. Turismo de Portugal é a organização portuguesa encarregue de promover Lisboa como destino turístico. De maneira a atrair mais turistas e continuar a evoluir, a organização sentiu necessidade de se adaptar à nova realidade e definir uma nova estratégia para promover Lisboa. O objectivo desta dissertação é estudar Lisboa como destino turístico e perceber o seu impacto nos residentes. Esta dissertação proporciona uma visão geral das características de Lisboa tal como a evolução do turismo. O foco desta tese é o novo plano estratégico de marketing para promover Lisboa como destino de viagem, desenvolvido pelo Turismo de Portugal, o qual é dividido em quatro partes: objectivos, produto, mercados e promoção. A dissertação visa estudar o impacto do turismo nos residentes através da análise dos resultados de um questionário que foi realizado endereçado apenas aos residentes de Lisboa para perceber as suas perspectivas e opinião relativamente ao turismo.
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FRANCESCHETTI, NADIA. "PLACE MARKETING AND PLACE MAKING: TORONTO, TOURISM, AND THE FRACTURED GAZE." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6793.
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This thesis is an empirical and theoretical investigation into the changing trends in place marketing as it relates to urban tourism, particularly in the city of Toronto. It begins by exploring broader discourses to do with capitalism and creativity and their impacts on city space and people’s interactions with it and within it. These perspectives are then situated in the Toronto context, a city that currently embraces the notion of the Creative City, as promulgated by Richard Florida, which encourages the branding of the city for the purpose of stimulated economic growth and in which tourism plays an increasing role. Thirdly, it examines the theoretical implications of the prominent belief that tourism and place marketing are imperative for Toronto’s economic well-being. Official efforts at place marketing and place branding construct what John Urry terms the tourist gaze, and frame the city in particular ways to particular people. Fourthly, this thesis gives an empirical account of how the gaze comes to bear on the physical city space in terms of infrastructure and financing projects in the interest of creating a Tourist City. The penultimate chapter brings to light how the rise of new media has allowed for the greater possibility to puncture the traditionally linear narrative of the city with new voices, thus fracturing the monolithic gaze in some instances. The thesis concludes by questioning the implications of new media on the existing systems of city management and promotion, recognizing the ambivalence of new media and its potential to both challenge and reproduce current discourse.Thesis (Master, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-29 16:22:22.467
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Bull, Helen Tongmoy. "Tourism potential of Yarra Bend Park with emphasis on international tourism." Thesis, 1992. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15577/.
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Yarra Bend Park means different things to different users. To the city and urban dwellers that surround it, the Park is a bush haven, a picnic area and a source for both formal and informal recreational activities supported by its lawned areas, its many ovals and two golf courses. To the developer, it represents a piece of potentially extremely valuable real estate, however unattainable. To State and Local Governments, it has been used as a place to locate freeways, hospitals, a prison and other institutes, and to the Yarra Bend Park Trust, a place for recreation, conservation, research, education and appreciation of natural beauty. This minor thesis attributes to Yarra Bend Park considerable potential for tourism development and concludes that Yarra Bend Park has the capacity to serve as a unique tourist attraction for Victoria.
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Chen, Tsung-Min, and 陳琮閔. "The Catalysts of Kinmen Tourism: Tourism Marketing Mix, Brand Equity and Travel Motivation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60661985497433742763.
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碩士銘傳大學
觀光事業學系碩士在職專班
102
Kinmen, as well as the absence of heavy industry and pollution from intense commercial developments which provides higher tourism value in Taiwan. This calls for in-depth studies on the tourism marketing, brand equity and travel motivation in Kinmen. This study adopts the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to investigate the relationship between marketing mix, brand equity and travel motivations in Kinmen. The results of this study include: 1. FDM can be applied to analyze tourism policy development in Kinmen and other areas; 2. the results of DEMATEL can be developed into tourism marketing decision theory in Kinmen; 3. each facet analysis can contribute to more acute decision for tourism marketing decision makers in Kinmen. Practical and political implications of the results are discussed.
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Alegre, Joseph G. "Exploratory research into motivational factors which influence demand for a country resort." Thesis, 1993. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15556/.
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The purpose of this minor thesis was to research factors that influence a person's decision to visit a country resort, and how this information may be used for marketing purposes. The theoretical framework for the collection and analysis of data was derived from a variety of sources relating to the fields of marketing and tourism. From these sources a questionnaire was constructed, with the aim of finding out from respondents what factors influenced their decision to visit a country resort. Consequently, having obtained this information, it was used to explore how it can
be implemented as a marketing tool by using the model as a backdrop to 'how consumers make their decisions based on motivational factors that bear an influence upon the person's decision-making process'.
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Hui-ChiTang and 唐慧琪. "The Marketing Strategy of Medical Tourism in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96980469900952663131.
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Cho, Wei-Chia, and 卓緯嘉. "The research on tourism marketing for travel industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37201149113492364569.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
企業管理學系碩士班
102
World Travel and Tourism Council (2013) stated: the output of the world's travel and tourism year GDP and employment were about U.S. $ 2.1 trillion and 101 million jobs, how to promote industrial innovation and development had become the focus of all countries. People’s living standards differed from the previous,and there was more demand for tourism more. Therefore, this study was to investigate the travel industry of tourism marketing, and to find the relationship, weight, and performance between the dimensions and criterias. The study completed by literature and expert questionnaire compiled the four dimensions of tourism marketing and twenty-one criteria. By hybrid MCDM model,the study used DEMATEL to find the relationship between dimensions and criteria. It also used DANP to find weight between dimensions and criteria, and then used VIKOR to examine the performance between dimensions and criterias. The study got the following conclusions. C2 tour security is the main factor. Improving C2 tour security enhance the evaluation of tourism marketing. C10 place security is affected by all criteria changes. C20 hotel &; restaurant hygiene standards is the most important criteria, and C7 place clean condition is the least important criteria. C14 transport time, C19 hotel &; restaurant quality, C20 hotel&;restaurant hygiene standards, C21 Accommodation are focaused on travel agencies. Those criteria could not have good performance. Relatively, C2 tour security has good performance. Thus, travel industry could be designed to meet these needs of thetourism marketing activities, and those could be closer to the real needs of the consumers’ feelings.